Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
  • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
  • F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
  • F16B35/048—Specially-shaped necks
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B31/00—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts
  • F16B31/02—Screwed connections specially modified in view of tensile load; Break-bolts for indicating the attainment of a particular tensile load or limiting tensile load
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
  • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
  • F16B35/06—Specially-shaped heads
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B41/00—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts or pins
  • F16B41/002—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts or pins
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
  • F16B41/00—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts or pins
  • F16B41/005—Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts or pins
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
  • G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
  • G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
  • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
  • G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
  • H01H13/02—Details
  • H01H13/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
  • H01H13/14—Operating parts, e.g. push-button
  • H01H13/18—Operating parts, e.g. push-button adapted for actuation at a limit or other predetermined position in the path of a body, the relative movement of switch and body being primarily for a purpose other than the actuation of the switch, e.g. door switch, limit switch, floor-levelling switch of a lift
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
  • H04Q—SELECTING
  • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
  • B60B3/00—Disc wheels, i.e. wheels with load-supporting disc body
  • B60B3/14—Attaching disc body to hub ; Wheel adapters
  • B60B3/16—Attaching disc body to hub ; Wheel adapters by bolts or the like
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H1/00—Contacts
  • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
  • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
  • H01H1/24—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting
  • H01H1/26—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting with resilient mounting with spring blade support

Definitions

• the invention relates to a fastening means, in particular a chassis component, comprising at least one sensor and at least one transmitter of a monitoring device for monitoring at least one mechanical fastening parameter.
• the invention also relates to a device for monitoring a mechanical fastening.
• Such a fastener is known from DE 10 2014 217 076 A1.
• a base unit comprising a signal processing unit can be coupled to a sensor arrangement, the sensor arrangement being intended to be assigned to a corresponding fastening means.
• sensors for example a pressure sensor or a position sensor, are mentioned as the sensor arrangement, with all sensor arrangements in a further embodiment having in common that a momentary contact pressure or the presence of contact between parts to be fastened is recorded as a parameter.
• Current status monitoring according to DE 10 2014 217 076 A1 requires constant signal transmission between the signal processing unit and the sensor arrangement, so that a permanent power supply to the sensor arrangement must be guaranteed.
• the sensor unit accordingly has an electrical energy source, which is preferably one Energy generation unit should be to ensure a permanent energy supply and signal transmission.
• DE 10 2010 001 144 A1 is a mechanical one
• This mechanical connection component has a sensor layer for reading out, for example, a tightening torque. Information about a mechanical load on the connecting component determined via the sensor layer is recorded and read out via a wireless interface. A corresponding permanent energy supply is therefore also to be assigned to the mechanical connecting component.
• the object of the invention is to further develop such a fastener in such a way that the monitoring device uses as little energy as possible and thus its function is ensured over a long period of time.
• the fastening means in particular a chassis component, having at least one sensor and at least one transmitter of a monitoring device for monitoring at least one mechanical fastening parameter, is characterized according to the invention in that at least one energy supply unit is assigned to the transmitter, and the transmitter and the energy supply unit are connected to one another via a switch contact are that an electrical connection can be closed via the switch contact, that the switch contact is designed such that the electrical connection is opened when the fastener is installed as intended and only when the fastener is loosened is closed, and that the transmitter is supplied with power and sends a signal only when the electrical connection of the switch contact is closed.
• the transmitter Since the switch contact of the transmitter is not closed when the fastener is installed as intended and the transmitter is therefore not supplied with power, the transmitter cannot send out a signal and does not consume any power from the power supply unit.
• the transmitter is deactivated accordingly.
• An energy store provided as an energy supply unit can thus ensure the energy supply of the transmitter over a long period of time in the event that the fastening means is released.
• the fastening means can be used, for example, to fasten a wheel to a wheel suspension. In the event that the wheel detaches from the wheel suspension, the switch contact is closed and the transmitter sends out a signal, in particular a warning signal.
• an actuating element can be assigned to the switching contact.
• the actuating element has a pretension so that the actuating element is held in a predetermined position depending on an installation position of the fastening means.
• the actuating element is advantageously under tension when the fastener is installed as intended and is relaxed when the fastener is loosened.
• the actuating element can be designed such that the electrical connection of the switching contact is opened when a force is applied against the bias.
• the force against the pretension can be brought about by a pressure on the object to be fastened or a receptacle or a holder to which the object to be fastened is to be exerted on the actuating element. When this pressure drops, the actuating element relaxes and the electrical switch contact is closed.
• the actuating element is a spring-loaded pin which is displaceable parallel to an axis of rotation of a thread of the fastening means.
• a contact section which has the corresponding thread, can be formed in a particularly simple manner.
• This contact section of the receptacle or holder then presses against the fastening element designed as a spring-loaded pin.
• the receptacle or the holder can be, for example, a wheel bolt or a receptacle for a wheel suspension or a wheel carrier.
• the actuating element can be a spring-loaded pin which is set at an angle to an axis of rotation of a thread of the fastening means such that the pin can be displaced in the direction of a central region of the fastening means, in particular is displaceable in the direction of the axis of rotation.
• the switch contact is preferably formed by two ends of metallic strips, the switch contact being closed when the ends of the metallic strips are connected to one another. At least one of these metallic strips is curved in a further embodiment and forms a one-sided lever. This one-sided lever is arranged such that the switch contact is closed in an initial position due to its inherent voltage, in particular the lever of the switch contact closes the switch contact in an initial position due to its inherent voltage. In this initial position, the transmitter is then supplied with power via the energy supply unit.
• the lever of the switching contact and the actuating element are arranged relative to one another in such a way that the actuating element presses against the lever when the switching contact is open and deflects it against its internal stress, in particular deflects such that the switching contact is open.
• the transmitter enables wireless signal transmission to a receiver.
• the fastening means does not have to be connected directly to the receiver and the transmitter can still transmit when the fastening means is completely loosened or separated.
• Suitable standards for wireless signal transmission are, for example, radio signals or Bluetooth.
• a particularly advantageous arrangement of the monitoring device in or on the fastening means results if the monitoring device is installed in the fastening means at an outer head end thereof.
• the transmitter is thus surrounded by as little material as possible, even with installed or partially installed fasteners, so that the transmitter can emit a signal that can be received by a receiver even with a low signal strength.
• the fastening means is only partially loosened and this would not be easily recognizable by optical observation.
• the transmitter and the switching contact of the monitoring device can be arranged in a chamber sealed to the outside.
• the sealed chamber ensures the greatest possible protection against dirt, such as dust, lubricants and dirt, which can impair the proper functioning of the switch contact.
• the arrangement of the transmitter and the switching contact in the chamber provides protection against external forces, so that these forces do not become one Damage to the parts arranged in the chamber can result.
• the energy supply unit in particular the energy store, can also be arranged in the chamber. In order to be able to replace the energy supply unit, in particular the energy store, if necessary, it can also be arranged in a further chamber which is accessible from the outside.
• the actuating element is advantageously always led out of the chamber in order to be able to exert pressure on it.
• a bushing provided for the actuating element must be sealed accordingly so that it is ensured that no dust, lubricant or dirt can penetrate the chamber.
• the fastening means is provided in particular for fastening a chassis component and in particular for fastening a wheel to a wheel suspension, the fastening means is a wheel bolt according to a first preferred embodiment. This version is mostly used in cars.
• the monitoring device is then advantageously integrated into the wheel screw in such a way that the wheel screw has a recess in the thread that extends in the direction of the axis of rotation of its thread and in which the actuating element of the switching contact is guided. Because the recess of the actuating element extends in the direction of the axis of rotation of the thread, the actuating element is positively guided.
• pressure is then exerted on the actuating element by a contact section of the wheel suspension, the actuating element being displaced in the direction of the head end of the fastening means. That towards the head of the Fastener moved actuator then interrupts the switch contact between the power supply unit and transmitter.
• the recess is arranged at a head end of the thread, in order in particular to be able to detect even small changes in position of the wheel bolt. It is sufficient if the recess extends from the head end of the thread in the direction of an end to be screwed in only over a partial area of the entire thread.
• the actuating element of the switching contact in a wheel bolt according to the invention can also be guided outwards from the inside of the wheel bolt on a conical to spherical contact surface of the wheel bolt which is formed between its head and thread. Since the conical to spherical contact surface in the area in which the actuating element of the switching contact is led outwards from the wheel bolt, when used as intended, it bears over the entire surface of a contact section, in particular a screw receptacle or a rim, so that the actuating element is easily achieved less polluted. Less soiling on the actuating element then also reduces the probability that the actuating element will get stuck due to soiling and thus the soiling will impair its function.
• the fastening means is a wheel nut.
• Such a fastening means is particularly suitable for fastening and securing wheels to a wheel suspension with stud bolts.
• Such connections are particularly common in trucks and other commercial vehicles.
• the wheel nut can then have an internal front projection at a head-side end of its thread have, on or in which an actuating element of the switching contact is held.
• the actuating element is positively guided on or in the front projection. The forced guidance of the actuating element thus enables the actuating element to move parallel to an axis of rotation of the thread of the wheel nut.
• the end projection advantageously extends in a radial plane to the axis of rotation and can preferably be designed as a circumferential end ring or end plate. If the front projection is designed as an end plate, the end plate can simultaneously delimit the chamber towards the thread in which the switch contact is arranged.
• the invention also relates to a device for monitoring a mechanical fastening, in particular a chassis component, with at least one monitoring device which has at least one sensor and at least one transmitter, and a reporting device which has a receiver assigned to the transmitter of the monitoring device, a data processing unit and an output unit having.
• This device for monitoring a mechanical fastening is distinguished according to the invention in that the monitoring device is installed in a fastening means mentioned above.
• the signaling device processes and processes the signal accordingly.
• the processing and preparation includes receiving and checking a corresponding signal, which is preferably transmitted wirelessly from the transmitter to the receiver. If the check of the signal in the data processing unit reveals that a fastening means has come loose from its intended installation position, the data processing unit transmits corresponding information to the output unit.
• the output unit has means with which direct output of a warning or forwarding of corresponding information about a state of the mechanical connection parameter is possible.
• a warning about a state of the mechanical connection parameter or the fastening means can then be given via at least one of the following options: push message, email, SMS, online register, acoustic warning or visual warning, the options listed not being exhaustive.
• Information is preferably forwarded in the event of a warning by means of a push message, e-mail, SMS or online register, the forwarding then preferably taking place via mobile radio networks or known standards for mobile Internet.
• Various warning options can also be combined to ensure that a corresponding warning is perceived as quickly as possible.
• the signaling device is advantageously built directly into the vehicle, in which case one or more already existing data processing units of the vehicle can be used.
• an output unit with, for example, a warning light and / or an acoustic warning device and a corresponding receiver are then accordingly to be provided.
• the output unit is then advantageously fully integrated in a vehicle.
• a complete, self-contained signaling device in particular such a signaling device that transmits information via the output unit or emits an acoustic signal to the signaling device in an engine compartment or under to be able to arrange a paneling of a vehicle passenger compartment.
• a further development can also provide for the wireless signal transmission to be encrypted. This makes it easier for the receiver of the signaling device to recognize a corresponding signal from the transmitter of the fastening means.
• Both the fastener designed as a wheel nut and the fastener designed as a wheel screw are also suitable as anti-theft devices, in which case a message is generated which is forwarded by the output unit. This means that an owner can be informed even if he is not near the vehicle. The owner can then take appropriate steps, such as notifying the police. Contrary to the function in which the secure attachment of a suspension component, for example a wheel to a wheel suspension, is monitored and in which all attachment means of the suspension component must have a corresponding monitoring device, a single attachment means per wheel and suspension is sufficient for the function of the anti-theft protection.
• Figure 1 a first perspective view of a first
• Figure 2 is a sectional view of the fastener according to Figure 1;
• Figure 3 a perspective sketch of understanding
• Figure 4 a second perspective view of the first
• Figure 5 is a sectional view of the fastener according to Figure 4.
• Figure 7 is a perspective view of a second
• Figure 8 is a sectional view of the fastener according to Figure 7;
• Figure 9 shows a cross section through the fastener according to
• Figure 10 is a sectional view of a third embodiment of a fastener according to the invention.
• an inventive fastener is shown in the embodiment as a wheel bolt 1.
• This wheel bolt 1 has a
• Hexagon-shaped head 1 a Between the head 1 a and a thread 1 b of the wheel bolt 1, a conical to spherical contact surface 1 c is provided, which is tapered towards the thread 1 b. In a border area between the conical to spherical contact surface 1c and the thread 1b, the thread 1b has a recess 1d which extends in the direction of the axis of rotation of the thread 1b and in which an actuating element 2 is guided.
• Wheel bolt 1 a switch contact 3, a transmitter 4 and one
• Power supply unit 5 are arranged.
• the transmitter 4 closes a chamber 6 in the head 1 a of the wheel bolt 1.
• the switch contact 3 and the energy supply unit 5 are arranged in the chamber.
• actuating element 2 is held in the wheel bolt 1 in a spring-loaded manner, wherein a spring element 7 assigned to the actuating element 2 is deflected to the maximum, so that the actuating element 2 is not tensioned.
• the actuating element 2, the spring element 7, the switch contact 3 and the energy supply unit 5 together form a sensor 8 which, together with the transmitter 4, forms a monitoring device according to the invention.
• the switch contact 3 is closed in FIG. 2, so that the transmitter 4 and the energy supply unit 5 are electrically connected to one another via the switch contact 3.
• the transmitter 4 is therefore supplied with power by the energy supply unit 5 in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 and emits a signal.
• FIG. 3 shows the same arrangement again with all the body edges of the wheel bolt 1 shown.
• FIGS. 4 to 6 differ from those in FIGS. 1 to 3 in that the wheel bolt 1 is shown in the form when the wheel bolt 1 is installed as intended.
• the actuating element 2 is pressed into the wheel bolt 1, so that only the recess 1 d in which the actuating element 2 is guided is visible in FIG.
• the position of the actuating element 2 when the wheel bolt 1 is installed as intended is shown in particular in FIG. 5, the spring element 7 being compressed to the maximum.
• the actuating element 2 now protrudes into the chamber 6 and presses against the switch contact 3, a one-sided, metallic fleece 9 of the switch contact 3 being pivoted by the actuating element 2 such that the electrical connection between the power supply unit 5 and the transmitter 4 is interrupted.
• FIG. 6 again shows the same arrangement with interrupted switching contact 3 and currentless transmitter 4 as in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, all body edges of the wheel bolt 1 being shown.
• FIGS. 7 to 9 A second embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 7 to 9. Contrary to the first embodiment, the fastening means is now designed as a wheel nut 10.
• the wheel nut 10 in turn has a head 10a with lateral hexagonal surfaces. At its head end, the wheel nut 10 is dome-shaped.
• FIGS. 1 to 6 show a chamber 6 'formed in the interior of the wheel nut 10, in which a transmitter 4', a switch contact 3 ', an energy supply unit 5' and an actuating element 2 'which is spring-loaded with a spring element 7' are arranged as in FIGS. 1 to 6, together form the monitoring device from the transmitter 4 'and sensor 8'.
• the representation in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 corresponds to that from Figure 4 to Figure 6 and shows the wheel nut 10 in the screwed state.
• the actuating element 2 pressees against the switch contact 3' in the same way as in FIGS. 4 to 6, so that the transmitter 4 'is de-energized and does not send any signals. As long as the transmitter 4 'is de-energized, again no energy of the energy supply unit 5' is consumed.
• the essential difference here is that the actuating element 2 'is arranged in an end projection formed here as an end plate 11.
• the end plate 11 closes the chamber 6 ′′ to a head-side end of a thread 10b of the wheel nut 10. In terms of their functioning, the two designs have the same effect.
• the actuating element 2 ′′ is pressed out by the spring element 7 ′′ in the direction of the internal thread of the wheel nut 10 and thus out of the chamber 6 ′′.
• the actuating element 2 ′′ no longer presses against the switch contact 3 ′′, in particular the one-sided, metallic fleece 9 ′′ of the switch contact 3 ′′, due to its inherent tension, it is pressed in the direction of the end plate 11 and the switch contact 3 ′′ is closed with its two ends.
• the fastener in Figure 10 is in turn a wheel bolt 1 '.
• the wheel bolt 1 ' is largely the same as the wheel bolt 1 from FIG. 1 to FIG. 6.
• Corresponding reference numerals with the same numbers have been assigned to the same parts.
• the main difference from the wheel bolt 1 according to FIG. 1 to FIG. 6 is a modified actuating element 2 ′′ which can be displaced at an angle to the axis of rotation of the wheel bolt T and is led out of the interior of the wheel bolt T at the conical to spherical contact surface 1 c ' is.
• the recess 1 b 'of the wheel bolt 1 is therefore advantageously omitted. All other features correspond to the wheel bolt 1 according to FIGS. 1 to 6.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
• Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
• Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
• Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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• 2018
  • 2018-08-29 DE DE202018004013.4U patent/DE202018004013U1/de active Active
  • 2018-12-03 DE DE202018106864.4U patent/DE202018106864U1/de active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-08-14 CN CN201980071348.0A patent/CN113196433A/zh active Pending
  • 2019-08-14 US US17/272,084 patent/US11939999B2/en active Active
  • 2019-08-14 RU RU2021108063A patent/RU2770367C1/ru active
  • 2019-08-14 JP JP2021536154A patent/JP7077489B2/ja active Active
  • 2019-08-14 WO PCT/EP2019/071790 patent/WO2020043491A1/de unknown
  • 2019-08-14 BR BR112021003538-9A patent/BR112021003538A2/pt unknown
  • 2019-08-14 EP EP19765176.3A patent/EP3844788B1/de active Active
  • 2019-08-14 AU AU2019332047A patent/AU2019332047B2/en active Active
  • 2019-08-14 KR KR1020217009004A patent/KR102658321B1/ko active IP Right Grant

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