WO2019214436A1 - 离合装置、安全带卷收器和安全带组件 - Google Patents

离合装置、安全带卷收器和安全带组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019214436A1
WO2019214436A1 PCT/CN2019/084069 CN2019084069W WO2019214436A1 WO 2019214436 A1 WO2019214436 A1 WO 2019214436A1 CN 2019084069 W CN2019084069 W CN 2019084069W WO 2019214436 A1 WO2019214436 A1 WO 2019214436A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotating member
clutch device
seat belt
rotating
transfer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2019/084069
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
葛亮
刘微静
王洁
Original Assignee
奥托立夫开发公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 奥托立夫开发公司 filed Critical 奥托立夫开发公司
Priority to US17/053,028 priority Critical patent/US11691593B2/en
Priority to JP2020560342A priority patent/JP7047130B2/ja
Priority to EP19800544.9A priority patent/EP3792120A4/en
Publication of WO2019214436A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019214436A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/46—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/08—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action
    • F16D41/086—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action the intermediate members being of circular cross-section and wedging by rolling
    • F16D41/088—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action the intermediate members being of circular cross-section and wedging by rolling the intermediate members being of only one size and wedging by a movement not having an axial component, between inner and outer races, one of which is cylindrical
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R22/00—Safety belts or body harnesses in vehicles
    • B60R22/34—Belt retractors, e.g. reels
    • B60R22/46—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up
    • B60R2022/468—Reels with means to tension the belt in an emergency by forced winding up characterised by clutching means between actuator and belt reel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/064—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls
    • F16D41/066—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls all members having the same size and only one of the two surfaces being cylindrical
    • F16D41/067—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by rolling and having a circular cross-section, e.g. balls all members having the same size and only one of the two surfaces being cylindrical and the members being distributed by a separate cage encircling the axis of rotation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a seat belt retractor for a vehicle seat. More particularly, the present invention relates to a clutch device for a seat belt retractor that rotates a seat belt reel in a winding direction by a drive unit in the case of an emergency deceleration of a vehicle or the like and reversibly retracts the belt reel and drive The device is disengaged.
  • Existing seat belt retractors provide pre-collision protection, human-machine interaction and comfort while driving.
  • the active seat belt retractor can wind a certain amount of safety webbing through the motor before the control unit judges that the vehicle may collide, to gently restrain the occupant; and can make the safety webbing freely pullable when the control unit judges that the collision risk disappears .
  • the motor of the seat belt retractor has a small output torque. Therefore, the clutch for the seat belt retractor is mainly a dog clutch. This clutch has a large clutch delay, a large impact and noise, and the internal and external teeth are not synchronized.
  • the existing ball overrunning clutch mainly includes two types without a cage and a cage.
  • a cage without a cage the balls are fixed to the inner or outer ring, and the input and output cannot be completely disengaged.
  • the motor is used as an input, motion control can be achieved.
  • the inertia is mainly provided by the cage, and the engagement is realized when the input end is started at a high speed, and the input and output can be completely disengaged.
  • the clutch relies on inertia, the input end needs to be started at a high speed, and when used for the seat belt, the comfort function and the human-computer interaction function requiring low speed start cannot be realized.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a clutch device, a seat belt retractor, and a seat belt assembly that are completely isolated from the input and output ends after separation.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides a clutch device, a seat belt retractor, and a seat belt assembly that have a small clutch impact.
  • a clutch device for a seat belt retractor comprising: a first rotating member that is drivable for rotation about a rotation axis; and a second rotating member that is identical to the first rotating member a shaft disposed, and a reel for twist-proof connection to the seat belt retractor; and a transfer member disposed between the first rotating member and the second rotating member, wherein the first rotation The member is capable of transmitting torque to the second rotating member via the transfer member in a first rotational direction, wherein the first rotating member defines a joint at a radially inner surface thereof, the joint to the rotation The distance of the axis gradually increases along the first direction of rotation for engaging the transfer member, wherein the transfer member is capable of being in an engaged position and a non-engaged position relative to the first rotating member Rotating between, wherein the transfer member engages both the first rotating member and the second rotating member when the transfer member is in the engaged position such that the first rotation The second rotating member and the transmitting member are rotatable together, and when the transmit
  • the transfer member comprises a cage and a transfer element, the transfer element being disposed in the cage and capable of the joint and the second rotation of the first rotating member The space defined between the radially outer surfaces of the members moves radially.
  • both the transfer element and the radially outer surface of the second rotating member are both the transfer member and the radially outer surface of the second rotating member when the transfer member is in the engaged position There is no gap in the radial direction.
  • the transfer element is a rolling body.
  • the cage is formed in a ring shape and rotatably fitted over the second rotating member.
  • the cage defines a pocket, the transfer element being arranged in the pocket, the pocket limiting the axial movement of the transmission element relative to the cage.
  • the cage includes a first stop on a radially outer surface thereof, the first rotating member includes a second stop on a radially inner surface thereof, and The first limiting portion and the second limiting portion are configured to cooperate with each other to limit a rotation angle of the retainer relative to the first rotating member.
  • the first limiting portion is located on one axial side of the cage, and the second limiting portion is located at a respective axial side of the first rotating member, wherein the second limiting portion And the joint portion is disposed in the axial direction in order, and the first stopper portion is located on an outer side of the joint portion in the axial direction.
  • the clutch device further includes a first resilient member coupled to the retainer to resiliently retain the transfer member in a radial direction.
  • the first elastic member is a torsion spring.
  • the cage comprises two side rings and a plurality of tabs circumferentially spaced apart, wherein the side rings and the tabs define the pockets, and the first elasticity
  • the component is attached to the tab at its end.
  • the clutch device further includes a housing that forms a receiving cavity to accommodate the first rotating member and the transmitting member.
  • the first rotating member is rotatably supported in the housing.
  • the first rotating member includes an annular groove extending in the axial direction
  • the housing includes an annular projection extending in the axial direction
  • the annular projection is insertable into the annular concave
  • the first rotating member is rotatably supported in the groove.
  • the clutch device further includes a cover plate coupled to the housing to close the receiving cavity.
  • the clutch device further includes a second elastic member disposed on an axial side of the transmission member away from the cover plate to apply an offset that biases the transmission member against the cover plate force.
  • the second elastic member is a wave spring.
  • a seat belt retractor comprising: a clutch device according to an embodiment of the present invention; a driving device for driving a first rotating member of the clutch device to rotate about a rotation axis; and a reel Reversibly connected to the second rotating member of the clutch device, wherein the spool is capable of winding a seat belt when rotated in the first rotational direction, and in a direction opposite to the first rotational direction
  • the seat belt can be unwound when rotating in the direction of rotation.
  • a seat belt assembly comprising: a seat belt retractor comprising: a clutch device according to an embodiment of the present invention; and a driving device for driving the first rotating member of the clutch device a rotation axis; and a reel that is connected to the second rotating member of the clutch device in a rotationally fixed manner; and a safety belt that is fixed to the reel at one end, wherein the reel rotates in a first rotational direction
  • the seat belt can be wound while being able to unwind the seat belt when rotated in a second direction of rotation opposite the first direction of rotation.
  • the transfer element and the second rotating member are radially spaced apart so that the input and output ends of the clutch device can be completely isolated.
  • the transfer element can achieve engagement of the first rotating member and the second rotating member at a smaller angle of rotation.
  • the clutch device of the present invention can reduce the clutch delay to achieve faster belt winding to provide occupant protection.
  • the clutch device can be engaged or disengaged even when the motor speed is low, so that noise and impact can be reduced.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an exploded view of a clutch device of a seat belt retractor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of a clutch device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a clutch device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a side view of a clutch device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a clutch device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows an exploded view of a clutch device of a seat belt retractor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the clutch device may include a first rotating member 10, a second rotating member 20, and a transmitting member 30.
  • the first rotating member 10 can be driven to rotate about its axis of rotation.
  • the first rotating member 10 may have a hollow structure to facilitate passage of at least a portion of the second rotating member 20 therethrough.
  • the first rotating member 10 includes a tooth portion 11 on an outer peripheral surface thereof.
  • the toothing 11 can be engaged with the drive of the seat belt retractor by a gear mechanism, such as by a worm gear, a rack and pinion or the like.
  • the first rotating member 10 comprises a joint 12 defined at its radially inner surface.
  • the first rotating member 10 defines a plurality of joints 12, such as four, on its radially inner surface.
  • the joint portion 12 is for engaging with the transmission member 30.
  • the second rotating member 20 is disposed coaxially with the first rotating member 10.
  • the second rotating member 20 can be coupled to the spool of the seat belt retractor in a torque-resistant manner to transfer torque to the spool.
  • at least a portion of the radially outer surface of the second rotating member 20 can be used to engage the transfer member 30.
  • the transmitting member 30 is disposed between the first rotating member 10 and the second rotating member 20.
  • the transfer member 30 can include a retainer 31 and a transfer element 32.
  • the cage 31 is used to hold one or more transfer elements 32.
  • the number of transfer elements 32 is the same as the number of joints 12.
  • the transfer element 32 can be formed as a rolling body, such as a roller, a needle, or the like.
  • the holder 31 is formed in a ring shape and is rotatably fitted over the second rotating member 20.
  • the cage 31 may include two side rings 311, 312 and a plurality of tabs 313 distributed circumferentially spaced apart. Tabs 313 connect side rings 311 and 312. In some embodiments, the tabs 313 can have the same spacing along the circumference.
  • the tab 313, the side rings 311 and 312 define a plurality of pockets.
  • the transfer element 32 can be placed and held in the pocket.
  • the pocket of the cage 31 can limit the axial movement of the transmission element 32 relative to the cage 31, for example by means of two side rings 311 and 312.
  • the distance of the joint portion 12 of the first rotating member 10 in the radial direction to the rotational axis gradually increases along the first rotational direction (see below).
  • the transmission element 32 is movable in a radial direction in a space defined between the joint portion 12 of the first rotating member 10 and the radially outer surface of the second rotating member 20.
  • Figure 2 shows a side view of a clutch device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a clutch device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the distance of the joint portion 12 to the rotation axis gradually increases along the first rotation direction A (counterclockwise direction).
  • the joint 12 can have any suitable curved shape, such as an involute or the like.
  • 2 and 3 show the clutch device in an engaged state in which the transmission member 32 of the transmission member 30 and the first outer surface of the first rotating member 10 (joining portion 12) and the second rotating member 20 are radially retained. No gap joints.
  • FIG 4 shows a side view of a clutch device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a clutch device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the clutch device is in a disengaged state in which the transfer member 32 of the transfer member 30 is not engaged with the second rotating member 20.
  • the transfer member 30 is rotatable relative to the first rotating member 10 between an engaged position and a non-engaged position.
  • the transmitting member 32 and the first rotating member 10 (joining portion 12) and the second rotating member 20 are both joined in the radial direction.
  • the first rotating member 10 can transmit torque to the second rotating member 20 via the transmitting member 30 (eg, the transmitting member 32), such that the first rotating member 10, transmits Element 32 and second rotating member 20 can rotate together.
  • the transfer member 30 may also include an elastic member 33 to elastically retain the transfer member 32 in the radial direction.
  • the resilient member 33 can be a torsion spring.
  • the elastic member 33 may be coupled to the holder 31.
  • the end of the elastic member 33 may be coupled to the tab 313 of the holder 31.
  • the resilient member 33 can apply a biasing force to the transfer element 32 in a radially outward direction.
  • the elastic member 33 can take any suitable shape and size as long as it can support and reset the transmission member 32 in the radial direction.
  • the transmitting member 32 receives the force from the engaging portion 12 and thus overcomes the biasing force of the elastic member 33. Thereby, the transmission member 32 is moved in the radially inward direction to be engaged with the second rotating member 20. As shown in FIG. 5, in the separated state, the transmitting member 32 is biased by the elastic member 33 and is spaced apart from the second rotating member 20 in the radial direction.
  • the clutch device may further include a housing 40 and a cover 50, as shown in FIG.
  • the housing 40 forms a receiving cavity to accommodate the first rotating member 10 and the transmitting member 30.
  • the cover 50 can be coupled to the housing 40 to enclose the receiving cavity.
  • the cover 50 may be fixed to one axial end surface of the housing 40 by, for example, a screw or the like.
  • the housing 40 and the cover 50 may each have a central through hole to facilitate passage of at least a portion of the second rotating member 20 therethrough.
  • the housing 40 may serve as a support bearing for the first rotating member 10 such that the first rotating member 10 may be rotatably supported in the housing 40.
  • the first rotating member 10 includes an annular groove (not shown) that extends in the axial direction
  • the housing 40 includes an annular projection 41 that extends in the axial direction. The annular projection 41 of the housing 40 can be inserted into the annular groove of the first rotating member 10 to rotatably support the first rotating member 10.
  • the cage 31 may further include a stop 314 on its radially outer surface, and the first rotating member 10 may include a stop 13 on its radially inner surface.
  • the stopper portion 314 of the cage 31 and the stopper portion 13 of the first rotation member 10 may cooperate with each other to limit the rotation angle of the cage 31 with respect to the first rotation member 10.
  • the limiting portion 314 is located on one axial side of the retainer 31 (eg, near the side of the cover 50), and the limiting portion 13 is located on a corresponding axial side of the first rotating member 10. As shown in FIG. 4, during the operation of the clutch device, when the limiting portion 314 and the limiting portion 13 abut each other, the first rotating member 10 and the retainer 31 remain relatively stationary.
  • the engaging portion 12 and the limiting portion 13 of the first rotating member 10 may be sequentially arranged in the axial direction as shown in FIG. Further, the stopper portion 314 of the retainer 31 is disposed on the outer side of the joint portion in the axial direction. In this case, the engagement of the first rotating member 10 with the transmitting member 30 is not affected by these limiting portions.
  • the clutch device can also have an elastic member 60.
  • the resilient member 60 is used to apply a biasing force that biases the transfer member 30 against the cover 50.
  • the resilient member 60 can be disposed axially between the retainer 31 of the transfer member 30 and the housing 40.
  • the resilient member 60 can be a wave spring.
  • the elastic member 60 can generate a frictional force between the transmitting member 30 and the cap plate 50 by applying a biasing force to the transmitting member 30.
  • the elastic member 60 can be held stationary by the frictional force. This facilitates rapid engagement or disengagement of the transfer member 30 with the second rotating member 20.
  • the transmission member 32 In the separated state of the clutch device, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the transmission member 32 is circumferentially located closer to the tooth portion 11 of the joint portion 12, and the transmission member 32 is subjected to the elastic member 33 in the radially outward direction.
  • the biasing force is such that the transmitting member 32 is separated from the second rotating member 20 in the radial direction.
  • the first rotating member 10 When switching from the separated state to the engaged state, the first rotating member 10 is first driven by the driving device to rotate in the first rotational direction A. Under the biasing force of the elastic member 60, the transmitting member 30 is subjected to friction with the cover 50 to remain stationary at an initial stage.
  • the joint portion 12 of the first rotating member 10 is engaged with the transmission member 32 of the transmitting member 30 in the radial direction without a gap.
  • the engaging portion 12 applies a force to the transmitting member 32 such that the transmitting member 32 gradually approaches the radially outer surface of the second rotating member 20 in the radial direction.
  • the first rotating member 10 can drive the second rotating member 20 to rotate by the transmitting member 32, thereby achieving an engaged state of the clutch device, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3.
  • the transmission member 32 In the separated state of the clutch device, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the transmission member 32 is located further away from the tooth portion 11 of the joint portion 12 in the circumferential direction.
  • the transmitting member 32 engages with the engaging portion 12 and is subjected to the force of the engaging portion 12 in the radially inward direction to overcome the biasing force of the elastic member 33 and to engage the second rotating member 20 in the radial direction.
  • the first rotating member 10 is first driven by the driving device to rotate in the second rotational direction B. Under the biasing force of the elastic member 60, the transmitting member 30 is subjected to friction with the cover 50 to remain stationary at an initial stage.
  • the elastic member 33 applies a biasing force to the transmitting member 32 in the radially outward direction such that the transmitting member 32 gradually moves away from the radially outer surface of the second rotating member 20 in the radial direction.
  • the transfer element 32 is moved out of engagement with the radially outer surface of the second rotating member 20, the first rotating member 10 and the second rotating member 20 are free to rotate relative to each other, thereby achieving a disengaged state of the clutch device, as shown in FIG. And Figure 5 shows.
  • the transfer element described above is a rolling body.
  • the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the transfer element may also take the form of a wedge or the like.
  • the transfer element described above is held by the cage.
  • the invention is not limited thereto.
  • the transfer element may also be held by the first or second rotating member.
  • the resilient member 33 of the transfer member 30 can be coupled to the first rotating member 10 or the second rotating member 20 to retain the transfer member 32 radially by its radially biasing force.
  • the transfer member 32 of the transfer member 30 is not engaged with the second rotating member 20 when the clutch device is described above in the separated state.
  • the clutch device may also be arranged such that in the disengaged state, the transfer element 32 does not engage the first rotating member 10 (e.g., the joint 12).
  • the resilient member 33 can apply a biasing force to the transfer element 32 in a radially inward direction.
  • the transmitting member 32 is gradually away from the engaging portion 12 of the first rotating member 10 in the radial direction, thereby achieving a separated state of the clutch device.
  • the clutch device can be applied to a seat belt retractor.
  • the seat belt retractor can include the clutch device, the drive device, and the reel described above.
  • the driving device is configured to drive the first rotating member 10 of the clutch device to rotate about a rotation axis.
  • the drive device can be an electric motor.
  • the motor can drive the first rotating member 10 to rotate by a gear mechanism (worm gear, gear rack, etc.).
  • the reel is coupled to the second rotating member 20 of the clutch device in a rotationally fixed manner, wherein the safety belt can be wound on the reel.
  • the spool is capable of winding the seat belt when rotated in the first rotational direction and is capable of unwinding the seat belt when rotated in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction.
  • the driving device drives the first rotating member 10 to rotate in the first rotational direction
  • the first rotating member 10 drives the second rotating member 20 and the reel through the transmitting member 30 of the clutch device to rotate a certain amount of safety.
  • the belt is wound on the winding; when the driving device drives the first rotating member 10 to rotate in the second rotational direction, the first rotating member 10 is separated from the second rotating member 20 to be freely rotatable relative to each other, so that the occupant can freely Pull the seat belt.
  • the clutch device according to an embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a seat belt assembly.
  • the harness assembly may include the above-described seat belt retractor and seat belt, wherein the seat belt is secured to the reel of the seat belt retractor at one end.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automotive Seat Belt Assembly (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及离合装置、安全带卷收器和安全带组件。一种用于安全带卷收器的离合装置包括同轴设置的第一旋转构件和第二旋转构件、以及设置第一旋转构件和第二旋转构件之间的传递构件。第一旋转构件在其径向内表面限定接合部，接合部到旋转轴线的距离沿着第一旋转方向逐渐增大。传递构件相对于第一旋转构件能够在接合位置和非接合位置之间旋转。当传递构件处于接合位置时，传递构件与第一旋转构件和第二旋转构件均接合，使得第一旋转构件、第二旋转构件和传递构件能够一起旋转。当传递构件处于非接合位置时，传递构件不与第一旋转构件或第二旋转构件接合，使得第一旋转构件和第二旋转构件能够相对于彼此自由旋转。

Description

离合装置、安全带卷收器和安全带组件 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆座椅的安全带卷收器。更具体地，本发明涉及一种用于安全带卷收器的离合装置，其在车辆紧急减速等情况下通过驱动单元使安全带卷轴向卷绕方向旋转并且可以可逆地使安全带卷轴与驱动装置脱离接合。
背景技术
现有的安全带卷收器可以提供碰撞前保护、驾驶时的人机互动和舒适性等功能。主动式安全带卷收器可以在控制单元判断车辆可能碰撞之前通过电动机卷收一定量的安全织带，以轻轻束缚乘员；并且可以在控制单元判断碰撞风险消失时使安全织带能够被自由抽拉。
安全带卷收器的电动机具有较小的输出扭矩。因此，用于安全带卷收器的离合器主要以齿式离合器为主。这种离合器的离合延迟大、冲击和噪音较大，并且内外齿不具有同步性。
现有的滚珠式超越离合器主要包括无保持架和带保持架的两种。在无保持架的离合器中，滚珠固定于内圈或外圈，输入端和输出端无法完全脱离。用于安全带时，若电动机作为输入端，可实现运动控制。但是，由于无法完全脱离，当乘员抽拉、回放安全带时会出现卡滞。在带保持架的离合器中，主要依靠保持架提供惯性，在输入端高速启动时实现啮合，可实现输入输出完全脱离。但由于离合依靠惯性，输入端需要高速启动，用于安全带时，无法实现需要低速启动的舒适性功能和人机交互功能。
为此，需要一种用于安全带卷收器的改进的离合装置。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供能够在低转速状态下离合的离合装置、安全 带卷收器和安全带组件。本发明的一个方面提供分离后输入输出端完全隔绝的离合装置、安全带卷收器和安全带组件。本发明的另一方面提供离合冲击小的离合装置、安全带卷收器和安全带组件。
本发明的一个方面提供一种用于安全带卷收器的离合装置，包括：第一旋转构件，其能够受驱动而绕旋转轴线旋转；第二旋转构件，其与所述第一旋转构件同轴设置，并且用于抗扭转地连接到所述安全带卷收器的卷轴；和传递构件，其设置在所述第一旋转构件和所述第二旋转构件之间，其中所述第一旋转构件能够沿第一旋转方向将转矩经由所述传递构件传递到所述第二旋转构件，其中，所述第一旋转构件在其径向内表面限定接合部，所述接合部到所述旋转轴线的距离沿着所述第一旋转方向逐渐增大，所述接合部用于与所述传递构件接合，其中，所述传递构件相对于所述第一旋转构件能够在接合位置和非接合位置之间旋转，其中，当所述传递构件处于所述接合位置时，所述传递构件与所述第一旋转构件和所述第二旋转构件均接合，使得所述第一旋转构件、所述第二旋转构件和所述传递构件能够一起旋转，并且当所述传递构件处于所述非接合位置时，所述传递构件不与所述第一旋转构件或所述第二旋转构件接合，使得所述第一旋转构件和所述第二旋转构件能够相对于彼此自由旋转。
根据本发明的实施例，所述传递构件包括保持架和传递元件，所述传递元件设置在所述保持架中，并且能够在所述第一旋转构件的所述接合部与所述第二旋转构件的径向外表面之间限定的空间中在径向上移动。
根据本发明的实施例，当所述传递构件处于所述接合位置时，所述传递元件与所述第一旋转构件的所述接合部和所述第二旋转构件的径向外表面两者均在径向上保持无间隙。
根据本发明的实施例，所述传递元件是滚动体。
根据本发明的实施例，所述保持架形成为环形，并且可转动地套在所述第二旋转构件上。
根据本发明的实施例，所述保持架限定兜部，所述传递元件设置在所述兜部中，所述兜部限制所述传递元件相对于所述保持架在轴向上的移动。
根据本发明的实施例，所述保持架包括位于其径向外表面上的第一限 位部，所述第一旋转构件包括位于其径向内表面上的第二限位部，并且所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部能够彼此配合以限制所述保持架相对于所述第一旋转构件的旋转角度。
根据本发明的实施例，所述第一限位部位于保持架的一个轴向侧，所述第二限位部位于第一旋转构件的相应轴向侧，其中，所述第二限位部和所述接合部沿轴向依次设置，并且所述第一限位部沿轴向位于所述接合部的外侧。
根据本发明的实施例，离合装置还包括第一弹性部件，其连接到所述保持架，以在径向上弹性地保持所述传递元件。
根据本发明的实施例，所述第一弹性部件是扭转弹簧。
根据本发明的实施例，所述保持架包括两个侧环和沿周向间隔分布的多个接片，其中所述侧环和所述接片限定所述兜部，并且所述第一弹性部件在其端部处连接到所述接片。
根据本发明的实施例，离合装置还包括壳体，其形成容纳腔以容纳所述第一旋转构件和所述传递构件。
根据本发明的实施例，所述第一旋转构件被可转动地支撑在所述壳体中。
根据本发明的实施例，所述第一旋转构件包括沿轴向延伸的环形凹槽，所述壳体包括沿轴向延伸的环形凸起，并且所述环形凸起能够插入到所述环形凹槽中以可转动地支撑所述第一旋转构件。
根据本发明的实施例，离合装置还包括盖板，其连接到所述壳体以封闭容纳腔。
根据本发明的实施例，离合装置还包括第二弹性部件，其设置在所述传递构件的远离所述盖板的轴向侧，以施加使所述传递构件抵靠所述盖板的偏置力。
根据本发明的实施例，所述第二弹性部件是波形弹簧。
本发明的另一方面提供一种安全带卷收器，包括：根据本发明的实施例的离合装置；驱动装置，其用于驱动所述离合装置的第一旋转构件绕旋转轴线旋转；和卷轴，其与所述离合装置的第二旋转构件抗扭转地连接， 其中所述卷轴在沿所述第一旋转方向旋转时能够卷绕安全带，并且在沿与所述第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向旋转时能够解绕安全带。
本发明的另一方面提供一种安全带组件，包括：安全带卷收器，包括：根据本发明的实施例的离合装置；驱动装置，其用于驱动所述离合装置的第一旋转构件绕旋转轴线旋转；和卷轴，其与所述离合装置的第二旋转构件抗扭转地连接；和安全带，其在一个端部处固定到所述卷轴，其中所述卷轴在沿第一旋转方向旋转时能够卷绕所述安全带，并且在沿与所述第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向旋转时能够解绕所述安全带。
根据本发明的实施例，在离合装置的分离状态下，传递元件与第二旋转构件之间沿径向分隔开，从而离合装置的输入端和输出端可以完全隔离。在离合装置的状态转换的初始阶段，由于保持架和盖板之间的摩擦力，传递元件可以在更小的旋转角下实现第一旋转构件和第二旋转构件的接合。因此，本发明的离合装置可以减小离合延迟，以更快地实现安全带卷绕以提供乘员保护。此外，由于保持架和盖板之间的摩擦力，离合装置即使在电动机转速较低时也能够实现接合或分离，从而可以降低噪声和冲击。
在结合附图阅读本发明的下列详细描述后，将更加清楚本发明的这些和其他方面以及优点。
应当理解，前面的概述和后面的详细描述仅仅是示例性和说明性的，而不作为对要求保护的发明的限制。
附图说明
图1示意性示出根据本发明的实施例的安全带卷收器的离合装置的分解图。
图2示出根据本发明的实施例的离合装置的侧视图。
图3示出根据本发明的实施例的离合装置的剖视图。
图4示出根据本发明的实施例的离合装置的侧视图。
图5示出根据本发明的实施例的离合装置的剖视图。
具体实施方式
下文中，参照附图描述本发明的实施例。下面的详细描述和附图用于示例性地说明本发明的原理，本发明不限于所描述的优选实施例，本发明的范围由权利要求书限定。现参考示例性的实施方式详细描述本发明，一些实施例图示在附图中。以下描述参考附图进行，除非另有表示，否则在不同附图中的相同附图标记代表相同或类似的元件。以下示例性实施方式中描述的方案不代表本发明的所有方案。相反，这些方案仅是所附权利要求中涉及的本发明的各个方面的系统和方法的示例。
图1示意性示出根据本发明的实施例的安全带卷收器的离合装置的分解图。如图1所示，离合装置可以包括第一旋转构件10、第二旋转构件20和传递构件30。
第一旋转构件10能够受驱动而绕其旋转轴线旋转。第一旋转构件10可以具有中空结构，以便于第二旋转构件20的至少一部分从中穿过。在一些实施例中，第一旋转构件10包括位于其外周面上的齿部11。齿部11可以通过齿轮机构与安全带卷收器的驱动装置啮合，例如通过蜗轮蜗杆、齿轮齿条等。
根据本发明的实施例，第一旋转构件10包括在其径向内表面限定的接合部12。在示例性实施例中，第一旋转构件10在其径向内表面上限定多个接合部12，例如四个。接合部12用于与传递构件30接合。
第二旋转构件20与第一旋转构件10同轴设置。第二旋转构件20可以抗扭转地连接到安全带卷收器的卷轴，以将转矩传递至卷轴。在示例性实施例中，第二旋转构件20的至少一部分径向外表面可以用于与传递构件30接合。
传递构件30设置在第一旋转构件10和第二旋转构件20之间。在示例性实施例中，传递构件30可以包括保持架31和传递元件32。保持架31用于保持一个或多个传递元件32。在一些实施例中，传递元件32的数量与接合部12的数量相同。在一些实施例中，传递元件32可以形成为滚动体，例如滚柱、滚针等。
在示例性实施例中，保持架31形成为环形，并且能够可转动地套在第二旋转构件20上。在图1所示的示例性实施例中，保持架31可以包括两个 侧环311、312和沿周向间隔分布的多个接片313。接片313连接侧环311和312。在一些实施例中，接片313可以沿周向具有相同的间距。接片313、侧环311和312限定多个兜部。传递元件32可以被设置并保持在兜部中。保持架31的兜部可以限制传递元件32相对于保持架31在轴向上的移动，例如通过两个侧环311和312。
根据本发明的实施例，第一旋转构件10的接合部12沿径向到旋转轴线的距离沿着第一旋转方向逐渐增大(参见下文)。传递元件32能够在第一旋转构件10的接合部12与第二旋转构件20的径向外表面之间限定的空间中在径向上移动。
图2示出根据本发明的实施例的离合装置的侧视图。图3示出根据本发明的实施例的离合装置的剖视图。如图2和图3所示，接合部12到旋转轴线的距离沿着第一旋转方向A(逆时针方向)逐渐增大。沿轴向观察，接合部12可以具有任意适合的曲线形状，例如渐开线等。图2和图3示出离合装置处于接合状态，其中传递构件30的传递元件32与第一旋转构件10(接合部12)和第二旋转构件20的径向外表面两者均在径向上保持无间隙接合。
图4示出根据本发明的实施例的离合装置的侧视图。图5示出根据本发明的实施例的离合装置的剖视图。如图4和图5所示，离合装置处于分离状态，其中传递构件30的传递元件32不与第二旋转构件20接合。
传递构件30相对于第一旋转构件10能够在接合位置和非接合位置之间旋转。
在图2和图3所示的接合状态下，传递元件32与第一旋转构件10(接合部12)和第二旋转构件20两者均在径向上接合。当第一旋转构件10沿第一旋转方向A旋转时，第一旋转构件10可以将转矩经由传递构件30(例如传递元件32)传递到第二旋转构件20，从而第一旋转构件10、传递元件32和第二旋转构件20可以一起旋转。
从离合装置的接合状态，当第一旋转构件10沿与第一旋转方向A相反的第二旋转方向B旋转时，传递构件30的传递元件32可以与第二旋转构件20脱离接合(如图4和图5所示)，从而第一旋转构件10和第二旋转构 件20能够相对于彼此自由旋转。
根据本发明的某些实施例，传递构件30还可以包括弹性部件33，以在径向上弹性地保持传递元件32。在一些实施例中，弹性部件33可以是扭转弹簧。在示例性实施例中，弹性部件33可以连接到保持架31。例如，弹性部件33的端部可以连接到保持架31的接片313。在示例性实施例中，弹性部件33可以在径向向外方向上向传递元件32施加偏置力。弹性部件33可以采用任意适合的形状和尺寸，只要其能够在径向上支撑并复位传递元件32即可。
如图3所示，在接合状态下，传递元件32受到来自接合部12的作用力并因此克服弹性部件33的偏置力。由此，传递元件32沿径向向内方向移动到与第二旋转构件20接合。如图5所示，在分离状态下，传递元件32受到弹性部件33的偏置力，并且在径向上与第二旋转构件20间隔开。
根据本发明的实施例，离合装置还可以包括壳体40和盖板50，如图1所示。壳体40形成容纳腔，以容纳第一旋转构件10和传递构件30。盖板50可以连接到壳体40以封闭容纳腔。在示例性实施例中，盖板50可以通过例如螺钉等被固定到壳体40的一个轴向端面。壳体40和盖板50可以分别具有中心通孔，以便于第二旋转构件20的至少一部分从中穿过。
壳体40可以作为用于第一旋转构件10的支撑轴承，以使得第一旋转构件10可以被可转动地支撑在壳体40中。在一些实施例中，第一旋转构件10包括沿轴向延伸的环形凹槽(未示出)，而壳体40包括沿轴向延伸的环形凸起41。壳体40的环形凸起41能够插入到第一旋转构件10的环形凹槽中以可转动地支撑第一旋转构件10。
根据本发明的某些实施例，保持架31还可以包括位于其径向外表面上的限位部314，并且第一旋转构件10可以包括位于其径向内表面上的限位部13。保持架31的限位部314和第一旋转构件10的限位部13可以彼此配合以限制保持架31相对于第一旋转构件10的旋转角度。在示例性实施例中，限位部314位于保持架31的一个轴向侧(例如靠近盖板50的一侧)，而限位部13位于第一旋转构件10的对应轴向侧。如图4所示，在离合装置的操作过程中，当限位部314和限位部13相互抵靠时，第一旋转构件10 和保持架31保持相对静止。
在示例性实施例中，第一旋转构件10的接合部12和限位部13可以沿轴向依次布置，如图1所示。此外，保持架31的限位部314沿轴向设置在接合部的外侧。这种情况下，第一旋转构件10与传递构件30的接合不会受到这些限位部的影响。
根据本发明的实施例，离合装置还可以弹性部件60。在示例性实施例中，弹性部件60用于施加使传递构件30抵靠盖板50的偏置力。在一些实施例中，弹性部件60可以在轴向上设置在传递构件30的保持架31和壳体40之间。在一些实施例中，弹性部件60可以是波形弹簧。弹性部件60可以通过向传递构件30施加偏置力，在传递构件30和盖板50之间产生摩擦力。在第一旋转构件10刚开始旋转时，弹性部件60可以受摩擦力作用而保持静止。这有助于传递构件30与第二旋转构件20快速接合或脱离接合。
下面，将描述根据本发明的实施例的离合装置的操作方法。
在离合装置的分离状态下，如图4和图5所示，传递元件32在周向上位于接合部12的更靠近齿部11处，并且传递元件32在径向向外方向上受到弹性部件33的偏置力，从而传递元件32在径向上与第二旋转构件20分离。当从分离状态向接合状态转换时，第一旋转构件10首先受到驱动装置驱动而沿第一旋转方向A旋转。在弹性部件60的偏置力作用下，传递构件30受到与盖板50的摩擦力而在初始阶段保持静止。第一旋转构件10的接合部12与传递构件30的传递元件32在径向上无间隙地接合。随着第一旋转构件10的旋转，接合部12向传递元件32施加作用力，使得传递元件32沿径向逐渐接近第二旋转构件20的径向外表面。当传递元件32移动到与第二旋转构件20的径向外表面无间隙地接合时，第一旋转构件10可以通过传递元件32驱动第二旋转构件20旋转，从而实现离合装置的接合状态，如图2和图3所示。
在离合装置的分离状态下，如图2和图3所示，传递元件32在周向上位于接合部12的更远离齿部11处。传递元件32与接合部12接合并且在径向向内方向上受到接合部12的作用力，从而克服弹性部件33的偏置力并且在径向上与第二旋转构件20接合。当从接合状态向分离状态转换时，第 一旋转构件10首先受到驱动装置驱动而沿第二旋转方向B旋转。在弹性部件60的偏置力作用下，传递构件30受到与盖板50的摩擦力而在初始阶段保持静止。随着第一旋转构件10的旋转，弹性部件33沿径向向外方向向传递元件32施加偏置力，使得传递元件32沿径向逐渐远离第二旋转构件20的径向外表面。当传递元件32移动到与第二旋转构件20的径向外表面脱离接合时，第一旋转构件10和第二旋转构件20可以相对于彼此自由旋转，从而实现离合装置的分离状态，如图4和图5所示。
上文描述传递元件是滚动体。但是，本发明不限于此。根据本发明的实施例，传递元件还可以采用楔块等其他形式。
上文描述传递元件由保持架保持。但是，本发明不限于此。根据本发明的实施例，传递元件还可以由第一旋转构件或第二旋转构件保持。例如，传递构件30的弹性部件33可以连接到第一旋转构件10或第二旋转构件20，以通过其径向偏置力在径向上保持传递元件32。
上文描述离合装置在分离状态时，传递构件30的传递元件32不与第二旋转构件20接合。但是，本发明不限于此。根据本发明的实施例，离合装置还可以设置成在分离状态时，传递元件32不与第一旋转构件10(例如接合部12)接合。例如，弹性部件33可以在径向向内方向上向传递元件32施加偏置力。当第一旋转构件10沿第二旋转方向旋转时，传递元件32沿径向逐渐远离第一旋转构件10的接合部12，从而实现离合装置的分离状态。
根据本发明的实施例的离合装置可以应用于安全带卷收器中。安全带卷收器可以包括上述离合装置、驱动装置和卷轴。驱动装置用于驱动离合装置的第一旋转构件10绕旋转轴线旋转。在示例性实施例中，驱动装置可以是电动机。例如，电动机可以通过齿轮机构(蜗轮蜗杆、齿轮齿条等)驱动第一旋转构件10旋转。卷轴与离合装置的第二旋转构件20抗扭转地连接，其中安全带能够卷绕在该卷轴上。卷轴在沿第一旋转方向旋转时能够卷绕安全带，并且在沿与第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向旋转时能够解绕安全带。在操作过程中，当驱动装置驱动第一旋转构件10沿第一旋转方向旋转时，第一旋转构件10通过离合装置的传递构件30带动第二旋转 构件20以及卷轴旋转，以将一定量的安全带卷绕在卷绕上；当驱动装置驱动第一旋转构件10沿第二旋转方向旋转时，第一旋转构件10与第二旋转构件20分离以相对于彼此能够自由旋转，从而乘员可以自由地抽拉安全带。
根据本发明的实施例的离合装置可以应用于安全带组件中。安全带组件可以包括上述安全带卷收器和安全带，其中安全带在一个端部处固定到安全带卷收器的卷轴。
说明书中对“一个实施例”或“实施例”的提及表示结合实施例说明的特定特征、结构或特性包括在至少一个实施例中。因此，整个说明书中引用的术语或其变体不一定全都指代相同的实施例。
尽管已经参考示例性实施例描述了本发明，但是应理解，本发明并不限于上述实施例的构造和方法。相反，本发明意在覆盖各种修改例和等同配置。另外，尽管在各种示例性结合体和构造中示出了所公开发明的各种元件和方法步骤，但是包括更多、更少的元件或方法的其它组合也落在本发明的范围之内。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种用于安全带卷收器的离合装置，包括：
    第一旋转构件，其能够受驱动而绕旋转轴线旋转；
    第二旋转构件，其与所述第一旋转构件同轴设置，并且用于抗扭转地连接到所述安全带卷收器的卷轴；和
    传递构件，其设置在所述第一旋转构件和所述第二旋转构件之间，其中所述第一旋转构件能够沿第一旋转方向将转矩经由所述传递构件传递到所述第二旋转构件，
    其中，所述第一旋转构件在其径向内表面限定接合部，所述接合部到所述旋转轴线的距离沿着所述第一旋转方向逐渐增大，所述接合部用于与所述传递构件接合，
    其中，所述传递构件相对于所述第一旋转构件能够在接合位置和非接合位置之间旋转，其中，当所述传递构件处于所述接合位置时，所述传递构件与所述第一旋转构件和所述第二旋转构件均接合，使得所述第一旋转构件、所述第二旋转构件和所述传递构件能够一起旋转，并且当所述传递构件处于所述非接合位置时，所述传递构件不与所述第一旋转构件或所述第二旋转构件接合，使得所述第一旋转构件和所述第二旋转构件能够相对于彼此自由旋转。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的离合装置，其中，所述传递构件包括保持架和传递元件，所述传递元件设置在所述保持架中，并且能够在所述第一旋转构件的所述接合部与所述第二旋转构件的径向外表面之间限定的空间中在径向上移动。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的离合装置，其中，当所述传递构件处于所述接合位置时，所述传递元件与所述第一旋转构件的所述接合部和所述第二旋转构件的径向外表面两者均在径向上保持无间隙。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的离合装置，其中，所述传递元件是滚动体。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的离合装置，其中，所述保持架 形成为环形，并且可转动地套在所述第二旋转构件上。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的离合装置，其中，所述保持架限定兜部，所述传递元件设置在所述兜部中，所述兜部限制所述传递元件相对于所述保持架在轴向上的移动。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的离合装置，其中，所述保持架包括位于其径向外表面上的第一限位部，所述第一旋转构件包括位于其径向内表面上的第二限位部，并且所述第一限位部和所述第二限位部能够彼此配合以限制所述保持架相对于所述第一旋转构件的旋转角度。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的离合装置，其中，所述第一限位部位于保持架的一个轴向侧，所述第二限位部位于所述第一旋转构件的相应轴向侧，
    其中，所述第二限位部和所述接合部沿轴向依次设置，并且所述第一限位部沿轴向位于所述接合部的外侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的离合装置，还包括第一弹性部件，其连接到所述保持架，以在径向上弹性地保持所述传递元件。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的离合装置，其中，所述第一弹性部件是扭转弹簧。
  11. 根据权利要求9或10所述的离合装置，其中，所述保持架包括两个侧环和沿周向间隔分布的多个接片，其中所述侧环和所述接片限定所述兜部，并且所述第一弹性部件在其端部处连接到所述接片。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的离合装置，还包括壳体，其形成容纳腔以容纳所述第一旋转构件和所述传递构件。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的离合装置，其中，所述第一旋转构件被可转动地支撑在所述壳体中。
  14. 根据权利要求12或13所述的离合装置，其中，所述第一旋转构件包括沿轴向延伸的环形凹槽，所述壳体包括沿轴向延伸的环形凸起，并且所述环形凸起能够插入到所述环形凹槽中以可转动地支撑所述第一旋转构件。
  15. 根据权利要求12至14中任一项所述的离合装置，还包括盖板，其 连接到所述壳体以封闭容纳腔。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的离合装置，还包括第二弹性部件，其设置在所述传递构件的远离所述盖板的轴向侧，以施加使所述传递构件抵靠所述盖板的偏置力。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的离合装置，其中，所述第二弹性部件是波形弹簧。
  18. 一种安全带卷收器，包括：
    根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的离合装置；
    驱动装置，其用于驱动所述离合装置的第一旋转构件绕旋转轴线旋转；和
    卷轴，其与所述离合装置的第二旋转构件抗扭转地连接，其中所述卷轴在沿所述第一旋转方向旋转时能够卷绕安全带，并且在沿与所述第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向旋转时能够解绕安全带。
  19. 一种安全带组件，包括：
    安全带卷收器，包括：
    根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的离合装置；
    驱动装置，其用于驱动所述离合装置的第一旋转构件绕旋转轴线旋转；和
    卷轴，其与所述离合装置的第二旋转构件抗扭转地连接；和
    安全带，其在一个端部处固定到所述卷轴，
    其中所述卷轴在沿第一旋转方向旋转时能够卷绕所述安全带，并且在沿与所述第一旋转方向相反的第二旋转方向旋转时能够解绕所述安全带。
PCT/CN2019/084069 2018-05-09 2019-04-24 离合装置、安全带卷收器和安全带组件 WO2019214436A1 (zh)

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