WO2019211960A1 - 複合組成物 - Google Patents
複合組成物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019211960A1 WO2019211960A1 PCT/JP2019/014285 JP2019014285W WO2019211960A1 WO 2019211960 A1 WO2019211960 A1 WO 2019211960A1 JP 2019014285 W JP2019014285 W JP 2019014285W WO 2019211960 A1 WO2019211960 A1 WO 2019211960A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- fine particles
- composite composition
- hydrogen
- silicon fine
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/16—Inorganic salts, minerals or trace elements
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- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
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- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
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- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
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- A61K2800/61—Surface treated
- A61K2800/62—Coated
- A61K2800/621—Coated by inorganic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite composition, more specifically, a composite composition containing silicon particles capable of generating hydrogen and / or aggregates thereof, and a pharmaceutical, a hydrogen supply material, a feed, a supplement containing the composite composition, It relates to food additives, health foods, and formulations.
- Hydrogen is widely applied and there are many expected uses. As an example, an object that is caused by oxidative stress, an announcement related to growth, and the like can be seen.
- active oxygen derived from oxygen taken in the mitochondria in cells by metabolism in the body and subcutaneously under ultraviolet irradiation and taken up from the lungs.
- active oxygen is necessary for life support, it is known to oxidize and damage cells constituting the living body.
- the hydroxyl radical having the strongest oxidizing power among active oxygens is considered to cause various diseases such as cancer, stroke, myocardial infarction, diabetes and other lifestyle diseases, skin aging and skin disorders such as dermatitis. Therefore, it is desirable that excessive active oxygen that has not been used for a reaction beneficial to the living body, particularly a hydroxyl radical, should not be present in the body as much as possible.
- hydroxyl radicals generated in the body disappear by reacting with several substances.
- in-vivo antioxidant substances such as polyphenol, vitamin C, ⁇ -tocopherol, or glutathione are generally estimated.
- these substances extinguish not only hydroxyl radicals but also active oxygen having a function in the body such as hydrogen peroxide, which may cause adverse effects such as a decrease in immunity (side effects).
- Hydrogen is also known to be able to annihilate hydroxyl radicals.
- hydrogen reacts only with hydroxyl radicals in active oxygen it does not have the above-described adverse effects (side effects). Then, the production
- Patent Document 3 discloses a solid preparation that can be administered orally and that has silicon fine particles as a main component and has a high hydrogen generation ability.
- the present invention eliminates at least one of the above technical problems, and enhances the hydrogen generation ability of silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide, that is, generates a large amount of hydrogen in the body or space for a long time, or more It can greatly contribute to drawing with high accuracy.
- it in order to obtain an arbitrary hydrogen generation amount according to the use, it can be arbitrarily adjusted depending on the usage amount of the composite composition, the size of fine particles, and the like.
- the present inventor finds a technique for generating hydrogen at a necessary place and site instead of dissolving hydrogen gas in water or the like in advance through research and development, and greatly increases the amount of hydrogen generated from silicon fine particles. Therefore, analysis and examination were repeated in order to draw out stronger or more accurately over a longer period of time.
- silicon fine particles for example, in vivo, the pH value of hydrogen generation that does not adversely affect the human body, such as the pH value of intestinal fluid
- the ingenuity has been accumulated mainly.
- similar hydrogen generation can be realized by using a suitable pH adjusting agent in combination.
- the silicon fine particles themselves, more specifically, the surface of the silicon fine particles, the oxidation state and composition of the silicon oxide film covering the surface, the physical and chemical surface composition of the silicon oxide film surface Focusing on the state and more microscopic physical properties or characteristics at the interface between the surface and the silicon oxide film, and by actively utilizing these physical properties or characteristics, the amount of hydrogen generated from silicon fine particles is greatly increased.
- the present inventor has found that the hydrogen generation ability can be extracted more strongly or more accurately over a longer period of time.
- the present inventors have also found that the amount of generated hydrogen required depending on the application can be arbitrarily adjusted by the adjustment method of composite composition, the amount used, the size of fine particles, the pH value, and the like. It was.
- the present inventor analyzed the surface of silicon fine particles produced by performing a specific chemical processing, the silicon oxide film covering the surface, and / or the interface between the surface and the silicon oxide film from various viewpoints. Study was carried out. As a result, it became clear that a silicon oxide film in a special state was formed on the silicon fine particles at the beginning of manufacture. After further analysis, the present inventor found the following points. (1) The silicon oxide film contains a large amount of a plurality of types of oxides stoichiometrically different from SiO 2 called so-called “silicon suboxide”. (2) Silicon particles and the silicon oxide film (3) Various silicon oxide films (including silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide) are formed using silicon fine particles constituting the silicon particles as nuclei.
- Presence of a composite composition formed by covering at least a part of the surface of the silicon fine particles (4)
- the concentration of hydrogen bonded to the surface of the silicon fine particles, wherein the surface of the silicon fine particles exhibits hydrophilicity (SiH group concentration) is low, and the surface of the silicon oxide film has many OH groups (that is, SiOH groups).
- the present inventor uses a technique that can appropriately select an arbitrary hydrogen generation rate, an arbitrary amount of generated gas, and an arbitrary hydrogen generation time by using safe silicon and using water (for example, a pH value of 7 or more).
- the composite composition for that purpose was found.
- the detailed atomic level of the composite composition will be demonstrated for the first time. The technical significance that could clarify the situation is great.
- silicon suboxide contains many silicon dangling bonds.
- the silicon dangling bond has an energy level within the band gap of the silicon oxide film, and it is considered that chemical species move in a hopping manner through the energy level. Accordingly, the silicon dangling bonds promote the diffusion or migration of chemical species (hydroxide ions (OH ⁇ ions)) that oxidize silicon fine particles in the silicon oxide film. Further, it is considered that silicon dangling bonds existing at the interface between the silicon and the silicon oxide film reduce the activation energy of the hydrogen generation reaction.
- the present inventor has learned that the suboxide present in the silicon oxide film functions as a chain reaction-mediated active intermediate.
- the chemical reaction formula (1) is not a one-step reaction but a multi-step reaction shown in the following (4) to (7).
- Si 2 O, SiO, and Si 2 O 3 that are silicon suboxides exist at the interface between the silicon oxide film and silicon and / or in the silicon oxide film. As each reaction proceeds, silicon suboxide is formed, and further, the silicon suboxide is oxidized to increase the amount of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ). Therefore, it can be said that “silicon oxide” in the above “broad sense” is a mixed composition of the silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide.
- a substance in which at least silicon suboxide exists on the surface of silicon fine particles can be referred to as “composite”.
- the “composite composition” in the present application is not limited to the case where it matches the above-mentioned “complex”.
- the “composite composition” of the present application includes a case of “comprising a silicon fine particle and a mixed composition of the silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide”.
- the present inventor has obtained the knowledge shown in the following (X) and (Y). Obtained.
- (Y) As shown in the above reaction formulas (1) to (7), the pH value is controlled by utilizing the reaction of OH ⁇ ions.
- the hydrogen generation rate can be arbitrarily controlled by
- the present inventor has realized silicon fine particles having many silicon suboxides by producing silicon fine particles to which the above-described device has been applied.
- the hydrogen generation ability of the silicon fine particles is stronger, i.e., a large amount of hydrogen gas is continuously generated for a long time, or a suitable state for generating hydrogen is drawn out with higher accuracy. It became clear.
- the present inventor not only realizes silicon fine particles including many silicon suboxides by performing additional processing on the silicon fine particles described above, but also when viewed macroscopically.
- the bonding of (OH group) in other words, by realizing many SiOH groups, the silicon fine particles including the silicon oxide film containing silicon suboxide are hydrophilic when viewed macroscopically. It became. As a result, the silicon fine particles whose contact or reaction with moisture is promoted has a stronger hydrogen generation capability, that is, a large amount of hydrogen gas can be continuously generated for a long time, or more accurately. .
- microscopic physical properties can be obtained by devising at least part of the surface of silicon fine particles including silicon suboxide, the silicon oxide film covering the surface, and the interface between the surface and the silicon oxide film.
- the present inventors have found that the formation of features leads to stronger hydrogen generation capability of silicon fine particles, that is, a large amount of hydrogen gas is continuously generated for a long time or drawn out with higher accuracy.
- the present inventor has developed a composite composition containing fine silicon particles having at least a part of such a silicon oxide film containing silicon suboxide, for oral and external use. It has also been found that it can be a composition.
- the present inventor determined that the amount of generated hydrogen required for the application, the method of adjusting the composite composition, the amount of the composite composition used, the size of the fine particles constituting the composite composition, the pH value, etc. It was also found out that it can be arbitrarily adjusted.
- the present invention was created for the first time by introducing the above-described viewpoints and devices different from the above.
- One composite composition of the present invention includes silicon fine particles and silicon suboxide covering at least a part of the surface of the silicon fine particles (SiO x , where x is 1/2, 1, and 3/2). And / or a mixed composition of the silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide.
- the silicon oxide film covering at least a part of the surface of the silicon fine particles contains the above-described silicon suboxide, so that the hydrogen generation capability of the silicon fine particles is stronger, that is, a large amount of hydrogen gas is generated. It is possible to continuously generate for a long time or to extract with higher accuracy.
- the basic unit that is a measurement target of the “diameter” is expressed as “crystallite” regardless of the diameter of the crystal (not including the silicon oxide film).
- the “silicon fine particles” in the present application are mainly made of silicon particles having an average crystallite diameter of micron level or less, specifically, a crystallite diameter of 1 nm to 500 ⁇ m.
- “silicon fine particles” in the present application have an average crystallite diameter of nano-level, specifically, a silicon nanocrystal having a crystallite diameter of 1 nm to 50 nm (more broadly, 1 nm to 500 nm). The particles are the main particles.
- “silicon fine particles” are not only those in which each silicon fine particle is dispersed, but a plurality of silicon fine particles are aggregated to have a size on the order of ⁇ m (generally 0.1 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m).
- silicon fine particles are merely examples, and the numerical ranges are not limited.
- the crystallite size is appropriately selected according to the use, usage method, required function, and the like of the “silicon fine particles”.
- the “silicon fine particles” can be used in a state of being mixed with other substances.
- “silicon oxide” in the present application is a mixed composition of the silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide.
- the “water-containing liquid” in the present application is water or an aqueous solution, and includes, for example, animal (including human) gastrointestinal tract liquid.
- “Gastrointestinal fluid” refers to small intestinal fluid and large intestinal fluid.
- the example of the “water-containing liquid” is not limited to the above-described example.
- the “pH adjusting agent” in the present application is particularly limited as long as it is an agent (hereinafter referred to as “alkaline agent”) capable of adjusting the pH value to an alkali range exceeding 7 (typically, exceeding 7.4). Not. It also includes use on the skin of animals (including humans).
- the composite composition When the composite composition is used as a drug for neutralizing active oxygen in vivo, it is preferable to use an alkaline agent that is recognized as a pharmaceutical (pharmaceutical product), a quasi-drug, and a food additive.
- the composite composition is not limited to animals (including humans).
- alkaline agents are sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, and other pH for pharmaceuticals, quasi drugs, foods or cosmetics.
- Conditioners may be employed.
- sodium hydrogen carbonate which is the most general-purpose product, is widely used as a pharmaceutical product, quasi-drug, or food additive, and has a pH value adjusting function required by the present invention, safety, and versatility.
- a pH adjuster can be employ
- the composite composition of the present application is taken orally, it is preferably in a form that is not decomposed or hardly decomposed by stomach acid.
- the silicon oxide film covering at least a part of the surface of the silicon fine particles contains the silicon suboxide described above, the hydrogen generation capability of the silicon fine particles is stronger or more accurate. It becomes possible to pull out high.
- the surface state of the silicon fine particles of the first embodiment and the surface state of the silicon fine particles of the modification (1) of the first embodiment were measured using an X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS analyzer).
- the dotted line shows the result of separating peaks spectrum Si 0, Si +, Si 2+ , Si 3+, the Si 4+. Silicon oxide calculated based on the measurement results of FIG.
- Structure relating to the surface of silicon fine particles constituting at least part of the composite composition of the first embodiment, a silicon oxide film containing recon suboxide covering the surface, and / or an interface between the surface and the silicon oxide film It is a conceptual diagram which shows a model. Hydrogen generation when an aqueous solution in which the silicon fine particles in one example of the modified example (1) of the first embodiment are adjusted to pH 10 using sodium hydrogen carbonate and sodium carbonate reacts with water at about 36 ° C. It is a graph which shows the relationship between quantity and reaction time. The relationship between the amount of hydrogen generated and the reaction time when an aqueous solution in which the modified silicon particle powder in the third embodiment was adjusted to pH 8.2 using sodium hydrogen carbonate and water at about 36 ° C. reacted.
- the composite composition of this embodiment is a composite composition containing fine silicon particles having hydrogen generation ability.
- the composite composition of the present embodiment includes silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and silicon suboxide (SiO X , where x is a silicon oxide film covering at least part of the surface of the silicon fine particles. 1/2, 1 and 3/2).
- the film thickness of the silicon oxide film described above can vary by generating hydrogen, as will be described later, but the range is from 0.5 nm to 20 nm.
- the amount of the above-mentioned silicon suboxide contained in the silicon oxide film can also be changed by generating hydrogen, but the silicon oxide film is suitable as an example before the hydrogen generation reaction described later.
- the composition ratio (silicon atom number ratio) of the silicon suboxide is 10% or more. Although there is no particular need to provide an upper limit, the upper limit is 80% (that is, 80% or less).
- silicon particles for example, commercially available high purity silicon particle powder (manufactured by High Purity Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd., particle size distribution ⁇ 5 ⁇ m (however, typically, the crystal particle size exceeds 1 ⁇ m). Silicon particles, purity 99.9%, i-type 5658 silicon>) are refined by pulverization using a bead mill in a liquid such as ethanol, etc.
- the silicon fine particles are, for example, silicon nanoparticle
- the present embodiment is not limited to the size, purity, pulverization method, or dispersion solvent of the silicon particle powder as a raw material of the composite composition described above.
- the examples adopted in the embodiments or modifications other than the present embodiment are merely examples, they are limited to the aspects of the embodiments or the modifications. There.
- a bead mill apparatus manufactured by IMEX Co., Ltd .: RMH type horizontal continuous ready mill
- 200 g of high-purity silicon particle powder manufactured by High-Purity Chemical Laboratory Co., Ltd., particle size distribution ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, A purity of 99.9% or more
- ethanol such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), or methanol (however, in this embodiment, ethanol) 4000 ml and a small amount of water (for example, 0.1 wt% or more).
- a pulverization step is performed in which the material is pulverized at 2500 rpm to be refined.
- ethanol for example, 99.5 wt% is used as the alcohol contained in the mixed solution because the silicon fine particles finally produced and the composite composition containing the silicon fine particles are safe. This is a preferred embodiment from the viewpoint of increasing the accuracy of (for example, safety to the human body).
- silicon nanoparticles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less, and a size of 40 nm to 0.5 ⁇ m including the silicon nanoparticles It was confirmed that silicon particles mainly composed of silicon fine particles and / or aggregates of the silicon nanoparticles and silicon fine particles containing the silicon nanoparticles were obtained.
- a silicon oxide film containing more suboxides is formed during or after the pulverization process by using a solvent further containing a small amount of water in addition to the above-mentioned solvent.
- the knowledge was obtained. This fact can greatly contribute to further improving the hydrogen generation ability by the silicon fine particles.
- the inventor has also found that the shape of the silicon fine particles is more or less spherical or substantially disk-shaped by the pulverization step of the present embodiment.
- the grinding method is not limited to the bead mill grinding method.
- other pulverization methods such as a high-pressure collision method may be employed as appropriate.
- the main solvent type is not limited to ethanol.
- alcohols such as isopropanol whose main solvent is used and / or solvents other than alcohols such as acetone, acetonitrile, THF, and acetate can be used in place of or in addition to the aforementioned ethanol. .
- the present inventor obtained interesting findings when analyzing silicon fine particles (including silicon nanoparticles) by FT-IR analysis. Specifically, in the process of producing silicon fine particles (the pulverization step described above), water and / or water vapor contained in alcohol (typically ethanol) reacts with the silicon fine particles. As a result, it is considered that some hydrogen generation reaction occurs. It is known that in the initial reaction between silicon and water, water molecules are partially dissociated and adsorbed on H and OH. As a result of a slight reaction with water during the pulverization step, hydrogen atoms are bonded to silicon atoms at the interface between the silicon fine particles and the silicon oxide film.
- alcohol typically ethanol
- Si—H 3 , Si—H 2 and Si—H are considered to be confirmed. Therefore, although H—SiO 3 , H—SiO 2 , and H—SiO present on the surface of the silicon oxide film cause hydrophobicity, the silicon fine particles and the silicon oxide film containing the recon suboxide are Si—H 3 , Si—H 2 and Si—H present at the interface are not involved in hydrophobicity. Further, as described above, hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atoms are easily removed by surface treatment using hydrogen peroxide.
- the mixed solution containing fine silicon particles (including silicon nanoparticles) separated from the beads in a bead mill pulverizer is heated to 40 ° C. using a vacuum evaporator to evaporate the mixed solution. Dry silicon fine particles (including silicon nanoparticles) can be obtained.
- the dried silicon fine particles can be stored in a vacuum container or a nitrogen-substituted container.
- the method for separating and drying the silicon nanoparticles obtained by pulverization is not limited to the method disclosed in the present embodiment. For example, known separation methods and / or drying methods employed in the production of other particles can also be employed.
- silicon fine particles (including silicon nanoparticles) obtained by the above method is mainly composed of silicon nanoparticles having a crystallite diameter of 1 nm to 500 nm. More specifically, as a result of measuring silicon nanoparticles with an X-ray diffractometer (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, Smart Lab), the following values were obtained as an example. In the volume distribution, the mode diameter of the silicon crystallite was 6.6 nm, the median diameter was 14.0 nm, and the average crystallite diameter was 20.3 nm. In addition, since the above-mentioned result is only a result by the crushing process etc. as an example, this embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned numerical value.
- the silicon fine particles When an example of the silicon fine particles was observed using an SEM (scanning electron microscope), the silicon fine particles partially aggregated and had a slightly large, irregular shape of about 0.1 ⁇ m or more. Further, when the aggregates of the aggregated individual silicon fine particles are observed using a TEM (transmission electron microscope), most of the crystallites included in the observation field have a crystallite diameter of about 2 nm to 40 nm. Met. In addition, since the above-mentioned result is only a result by the crushing process etc. as an example, this embodiment is not limited to the above-mentioned numerical value.
- the silicon oxide film covering at least a part of the surface of the silicon fine particles contains abundant silicon suboxide. It becomes possible to extract the hydrogen generation ability of the particles more strongly or with higher accuracy. More specifically, by adopting the silicon fine particles, for example, a high hydrogen generation rate can be realized over a long time of 20 hours or more from the start of generation.
- ⁇ Modification Example (1) of First Embodiment> It is also a preferable aspect to perform a modification step of modifying the surface of the silicon fine particles produced in the first embodiment described above by further contacting the surface with a hydrogen peroxide solution. .
- the silicon fine particles including the silicon nanoparticles can be changed to hydrophilic when viewed macroscopically.
- the means for bringing the surface of the silicon fine particles into contact with the hydrogen peroxide solution is not limited.
- the silicon fine particles in a 3 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution for example, about 10 ° C. to about 80 ° C., about 20 ° C. to about 50 ° C. from the viewpoint of realizing lower cost
- the soaking process can be carried out by soaking. Similar modification can also be realized by immersing the silicon fine particles in ozone water and / or sodium percarbonate instead of the hydrogen peroxide solution. Alternatively, the same modification can be realized by bringing the silicon fine particles into contact with at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrogen peroxide water, ozone water, and sodium percarbonate.
- silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide that is, an example of a composite composition
- silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide can exhibit a function as a hydrogen supply material.
- the reforming process is performed using a hydrogen peroxide solution at about room temperature from the viewpoint of realizing low-cost and safe processing.
- a hydrogen peroxide solution at about room temperature from the viewpoint of realizing low-cost and safe processing.
- the use of hydrogen peroxide water in the reforming process of this embodiment like ethanol, generates hydrogen by using a safer and safer material (for example, less impact on the human body). From a viewpoint that can be achieved, this is a preferred embodiment.
- silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide of this modification was observed using SEM (scanning electron microscope). As a result, the silicon fine particles partially aggregated and slightly larger than about 0.1 ⁇ m. It was an irregular shape. Further, when the aggregates of the aggregated individual silicon fine particles are observed using a TEM (transmission electron microscope), most of the crystallites included in the observation field have a crystallite diameter of about 2 nm to 40 nm. Met.
- the silicon fine particles having the silicon suboxide of this modification are brought into contact with water, as described later, the silicon fine particles having the silicon suboxide of the first embodiment It was confirmed that the rate of hydrogen generation was about 10 times or more faster than the rate of hydrogen generation when it was brought into contact with water.
- hydrogen peroxide is used to modify the surface of the silicon fine particles.
- the modification (1) of the first embodiment is used.
- the material for realizing the reforming process is not limited to hydrogen peroxide solution.
- the use of sodium percarbonate instead of hydrogen peroxide is another embodiment. Since sodium percarbonate reacts with water to produce hydrogen peroxide, the same effect as that of the modification (1) of the first embodiment can be achieved.
- XPS analyzer X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyzer (XPS analyzer) (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model: KRATOS AXIS 165) on the surface of the silicon fine particles (an example of the composite composition) of the two embodiments described above. was used for analysis.
- XPS analyzer X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyzer
- FIG. 1 shows a pH of 7 with silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide of the first embodiment and the modified example (1) of the first embodiment, using an XPS analyzer with a Mg K ⁇ radiation source.
- the dotted line in FIG. 1 shows the result of peak-separating the spectrum into Si 0 , Si + , Si 2+ , Si 3+ and Si 4+ .
- all Si2p peaks include Si2p 3/2 peaks and Si2p 1/2 , which have an intensity ratio of 2: 1 and are 0.61 eV apart from each other.
- Si2p 3/2 of the above-described two types of peaks is indicated by a dotted line.
- the measurement object is immediately after the pulverization process (after the pulverization process in the figure), immediately after the modification process with hydrogen peroxide (after the modification process in the figure), and the silicon fine particles that have undergone the modification process are super
- silicon fine particles that have undergone the reforming process have contacted with ultrapure water
- silicon fine particles that have undergone the modification process have contacted with ultrapure water 4 hours after the reaction has elapsed
- the silicon fine particles that have undergone the modification process have contacted with ultrapure water, 6 hours after the reaction has elapsed
- after the silicon fine particles that have undergone the modification process have contacted ultrapure water.
- the data immediately after the pulverization process in FIG. 1 (after the pulverization step in the figure) is also adopted as a result of the silicon fine particles having the silicon suboxide of the first embodiment described above.
- FIG. 2 shows a predetermined value when hydrogen is generated by continuously contacting silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide of Modification 1 of the first embodiment with water at pH 7 and 36 ° C.
- Changes in the film thickness of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) (open circles in FIG. 2) calculated based on the measurement results in FIG. 1 with respect to time (reaction time), and silicon suboxide (SiO X , x Are 1/2, 1, and 3/2) film thickness (triangle mark in FIG. 2), and a film thickness as a mixed composition of silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide (ie, silicon oxide) (FIG. 2). It is a graph which shows the change of (black circle mark).
- the reaction time in these analyzes means the contact time when silicon fine particles are continuously brought into contact with pH 7 pure water.
- the calculation of each film thickness described above can be calculated based on the integrated intensity ratio of the peak of the Si2p region. Note that the film thickness of the silicon oxide film described above is a film thickness when the film thicknesses of the silicon dioxide and silicon suboxide components are added together.
- each film thickness described above is performed using the following method based on the integrated intensity ratio of the peak of the Si2p region as shown below.
- I (Si 4+ ), I (Si 3+ ), I (Si 2+ ), and I (Si + ) are the peak area intensity due to SiO 2 , Si 2 O 3 , SiO, and Si 2 O. .
- the film thickness (t oxide ) of the silicon oxide film is given by the following equation using I (oxide) and the area intensity of the Si 2p peak of silicon fine particles, I (Si 0 ). In this equation, it is assumed that the shape of the silicon fine particles is a cylindrical shape having the same radius R and height. (O. Renault, R. Marlier, NT Barrett, E. Martinez, T. Baron, M. Gely, and B. De Salvo, Modeling the XPS Si 2p core-level intensities of silicon nanocrystals for determination of oxide shell thickness, Surf Interface Anal. 38, 486-488 (2006))
- N is the number density of silicon atoms
- ⁇ is the photoionization cross section
- ⁇ is the mean free path of photoelectrons
- subscripts oxide and Si are the values of the silicon oxide film and silicon fine particles.
- ⁇ oxide / ⁇ Si ), ⁇ oxide , and ⁇ Si are described in the literature (MF Hochelia, Jr. and AH Carim, Surf. Sci. Lett. 197, L260 (1988) and H. Kobayashi, Asuha, O., respectively. Maida, M. Takahashi, and H. Iwasa, Nitiric acid oxidation of Si to form ultrathin of Si to form ultrathin silicon dioxide layers with a low leakage current density, J. Appl. Phys. 94 (11) 7328-7335 (2003) 1.1, 2.9 nm, and 2.5 nm, which are the values described in (1).
- N oxide The number density of silicon atoms in the silicon oxide film, N oxide, is given by the following equation.
- N (SiO 2 ), N (Si 2 O 3 ), N (SiO 2), and N (Si 2 O) are silicon atoms in SiO 2 , Si 2 O 3 , SiO, and Si 2 O, respectively.
- the film thickness of the silicon dioxide film (t SiO2 ) and the film thickness of the suboxide (t suboxide ) are obtained from the following equations using the film thickness (t oxide ) of the silicon oxide film, respectively.
- N subside is given by the following equation (6).
- the thickness of the silicon dioxide film measured after completion of the hydrogen generation reaction was 10.5 nm. It is worthy of special mention that a silicon oxide film having a thickness of 10.5 nm was formed under a very low temperature condition of 36 ° C. As described above, this thick film is realized by the fact that the silicon fine particles of the modification (1) of the first embodiment contain abundant silicon suboxides and abundant OH groups on the silicon oxide film. It can be said that this is one of the typical effects resulting from the presence of (ie, SiOH groups) and / or the fact that the surface is hydrophilic because almost no hydrogen atoms are present on the surface.
- the present inventor has obtained from the XPS spectrum of FIG. 1 that the silicon oxide film immediately after the reforming step with the hydrogen peroxide solution of the modified example (1) of the first embodiment (after the reforming step in FIG. 1).
- the film thickness of the silicon dioxide film and the film thickness of the silicon suboxide in the film were determined.
- the film thickness of the silicon dioxide film formed on the surface of the silicon fine particles was 1.7 nm
- the film thickness of the silicon suboxide was 1.0 nm.
- the above calculation result proves that the silicon oxide film of about 2.7 nm formed on the surface of the silicon fine particles contains many suboxides.
- Silicon suboxide contains many silicon dangling bonds. Silicon dangling bonds have an energy level within the band gap, and chemical species (such as hydroxide ions (OH ⁇ ions)) that oxidize fine silicon particles through the energy level conduct hopping conduction. It is thought to promote species diffusion (or migration). Accordingly, it can be said that the silicon suboxide functions as an active intermediate as described above.
- the relationship between the number of first silicon atoms (A 1 ) of the silicon dioxide and the number of second silicon atoms (A 2 ) of the silicon suboxide in the silicon oxide film is satisfied, in particular, the hydrogen generation ability of the silicon fine particles can be extracted more strongly or with higher accuracy. Therefore, when the composition ratio (silicon atom ratio) of the silicon suboxide in the silicon oxide film is 10% or more, the hydrogen generation ability that is continuous for a longer time can be drawn stronger or more accurately. Is possible. In FIG.
- the composition ratio (silicon atom number ratio) of silicon suboxide in the silicon oxide film immediately after the pulverization process (corresponding to the silicon fine particles of the first embodiment) is one time depending on the sample. According to the experimental result, it was about 38%.
- the composition ratio (silicon atom number ratio) of the silicon suboxide in the silicon oxide film immediately after the modification step with the hydrogen peroxide solution of the modification example (1) of the first embodiment is one time depending on the sample. According to the experimental results, it was about 28%.
- the amount of hydrogen generated by the composite composition in the above-described embodiment or modification is determined according to the application, the adjustment method of the composite composition, the amount of the composite composition used, the size of the fine particles constituting the composite composition, or the pH. It can be arbitrarily adjusted to the required amount depending on the value or the like.
- the composition ratio (silicon atom number ratio) of the silicon suboxide in the silicon oxide film is determined as a pulverized product or a pulverized product. It is 10% or more regardless of the surface treated product with hydrogen peroxide or the like.
- the upper limit is 80% (that is, 80% or less).
- the above-mentioned numerical range is 20% or more and 70% or less.
- the silicon fine particles of the first embodiment and the silicon fine particles of the modification example (1) of the first embodiment are both silicon oxide films containing a large amount of silicon suboxide and / or silicon.
- the reaction between the silicon fine particles and hydroxide ions (OH 2 ⁇ ions) is promoted.
- the generation capability is stronger, that is, a large amount of hydrogen can be generated in the body for a long time, or can be extracted with higher accuracy.
- the inventor further provides the surface of the silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide immediately after the pulverization process in the first embodiment and the modification process using the hydrogen peroxide solution in the modification (1) of the first embodiment.
- the surface of silicon fine particles having a silicon suboxide was analyzed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR apparatus) (manufactured by JASCO Corporation, model: FT / IR-6200).
- FIG. 3 shows an FT-IR spectrum of silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide after the pulverization step and an FT-IR spectrum of silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide after the modification step.
- the lower spectrum is shown with the intensity four times that of the upper spectrum.
- the surface concentration of OH groups (that is, SiOH groups) on the surface of the silicon fine particles having the silicon suboxide immediately after the pulverization treatment in the first embodiment is 1. It is calculated to be 5 ⁇ 10 14 / cm 2 .
- the thickness of the silicon oxide film is obtained from the XPS spectrum of the Si2p region.
- the same cylindrical structure model as that used when the film thickness of the silicon oxide film is obtained from the XPS spectrum of the Si2p region is assumed.
- the volume V of silicon oxide is expressed by the following equation (8).
- the surface area S of the silicon oxide film is expressed by the following formula (9).
- the area intensity I (LO) of the LO peak of the silicon oxide film is determined by the volume of the silicon oxide film, the atomic density N (oxide) of silicon atoms in the silicon oxide film, and the O—Si—O inversely symmetric stretching vibration (LO phonon). ) Is proportional to the vibrator strength ⁇ (LO).
- the area intensity I (OH) of the OH group OH stretching vibration peak on the surface is the surface area of the silicon oxide film, the surface concentration c (OH) of the OH group, and the oscillator strength of the OH stretching vibration. It is proportional to ⁇ (OH). Therefore, the ratio (I (OF) / I (LO)) between the peak intensity of LO phonon and the peak intensity of OH stretching vibration is obtained by the following equation (10).
- the surface concentration of the OH group on the surface of the silicon fine particles having the silicon suboxide immediately after the pulverization treatment in the first embodiment is 2 ⁇ 10 14 / before hydrogen peroxide treatment. cm 3 .
- the surface concentration of OH groups on the surface of the silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide immediately after the reforming step with hydrogen peroxide solution was 4.5 ⁇ 10 14 / cm 3 .
- the surface concentration of the OH group estimated using the above method is obtained by using the area intensity of the vibration peak based on calcium carbonate and its vibrator strength when a silicon microparticle mixed with 10 wt% calcium carbonate is used as a standard sample. It was in good agreement with the value when calculated. It is worthy of special mention that the numerical value immediately after the reforming step is twice or more the surface concentration of OH groups on the surface of the silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide immediately after the pulverization treatment in the first embodiment.
- FT-IR spectra of the Si-H stretching vibration region is by H-SiO peak by H-SiO 3 to 2240 cm -1, the 2192Cm -1 peak by H-SiO 2, the 2155Cm -1 peak, peak by Si-H 3 to 2135cm -1, a peak due to Si-H 2 in 2110Cm -1, is separated into six peaks of Si-H by peaks at 2077cm -1.
- H—SiO 3 , H—SiO 2 , and H—SiO are due to hydrogen atoms bonded to the surface of the silicon oxide film.
- Si—H 3 , Si—H 2 and Si—H are water and / or water vapor contained in ethanol in the process of producing silicon fine particles (the pulverization step described above), as already described.
- silicon fine particles the silicon fine particles and the silicon fine particles and a slight hydrogen generation reaction
- hydrogen atoms are bonded to silicon atoms at the interface between the silicon fine particles and the silicon oxide film.
- the silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide after the pulverization step as shown in FIG. 3, at least a part of the surface of the silicon fine particles is covered with a thin silicon oxide film, and hydrogen atoms are formed on the surface of the silicon oxide film. You can see that they are connected. As a result, the surface of the silicon oxide film exhibits hydrophobicity when viewed macroscopically. Accordingly, H—SiO 3 , H—SiO 2 , and H—SiO present on the surface of the silicon oxide film cause hydrophobicity. However, Si—H 3 , Si—H 2 , and Si—H present at the interface are considered not to participate in hydrophobicity.
- the concentration of hydroxyl groups (OH groups) existing on the surface of the silicon oxide film containing silicon suboxide is 5 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 2 or more.
- the silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide after the modification step as described above, hydrogen atoms bonded to the surface of the silicon oxide film are removed. Therefore, it can be said that the hydrogen atoms were removed until the SiH group concentration on the surface of the silicon fine particles became 2 ⁇ 10 14 / cm 2 or less. It was also confirmed that many hydroxyl groups (OH groups) were present on the surface of the silicon oxide film having silicon suboxide. In combination with the above factors, it can be said that the surface of the silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide has changed to hydrophilicity.
- the present inventor has determined that each state of the surface of the silicon fine particle, the silicon oxide film covering the surface, and / or the interface between the surface and the silicon oxide film has been described above.
- the reaction was considered to change according to the following structural model.
- FIG. 4 shows a surface of silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide constituting at least a part of the composite composition of the present embodiment, a silicon oxide film containing silicon suboxide covering the surface, and / or the surface and the oxidation. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the structural model regarding the interface with a silicon film.
- (A) to (d) show the following states, respectively.
- reaction time is about 6 hours or more
- silicon fine particles are covered with a silicon oxide film of about 2.5 nm. Further, H—SiO 3 , H—SiO 2 and H—SiO exist on the surface of the silicon oxide film (FIG. 4A). As described above, since H—SiO 3 , H—SiO 2, and H—SiO exist, the surface of the silicon oxide film exhibits a hydrophobic property when viewed macroscopically, and thus reacts with water. Sex is not so great. In addition, many suboxides are contained in the silicon oxide film and / or the interface between the silicon fine particles and the silicon oxide film as shown in FIG.
- the surface of the silicon oxide film changes dramatically. Since a large amount of H—SiO 3 , H—SiO 2 and H—SiO is removed by the reforming process, the surface of the silicon oxide film becomes so-called hydrophilic, and the reactivity with water is remarkably increased (FIG. 4). (B)). As shown in FIG. 4B, many hydroxyl groups (OH groups) exist on the surface of the silicon oxide film. Also at this stage, many suboxides are contained in the silicon oxide and / or at the interface between the silicon fine particles and the silicon oxide.
- the hydrogen generation reaction proceeds in contact with water (FIG. 4C)
- the reaction rate at which silicon suboxide is generated from the silicon fine particles, and silicon dioxide is generated from the silicon suboxide.
- the reaction rate becomes substantially equal.
- the amount of silicon dioxide (film thickness) increases while silicon suboxide becomes substantially constant.
- the hydrogen generation reaction stops (FIG. 4 (d)). Note that the thickness of 15 nm described in FIG. 4 is merely an example, and the present embodiment is not limited to the numerical value.
- the silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide subjected to the pulverization process and the modification process of the present embodiment have passed 168 hours (7 days) from the time of hydrogen generation due to contact with water.
- the film thickness of the later silicon oxide film is 3 nm or more and 20 nm or less (typically 15 nm or less). Therefore, if the film thickness of the silicon oxide film after the elapse of 168 hours (7 days) from the time of hydrogen generation is within the above numerical range, it can be recognized with high accuracy that the silicon fine particles of the present embodiment.
- the reaction between the silicon fine particles and water is not limited to this condition. Examples of other conditions include reaction conditions at pH 10, 36 ° C. shown in FIG.
- the pulverization process and the modification process of the present embodiment removal of hydrogen atoms adsorbed on the surface of the silicon oxide film included in the silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide and the oxidation including silicon suboxide are performed.
- a state in which many hydroxyl groups (OH groups) exist on the surface of the silicon film can be realized.
- the silicon fine particles can be made hydrophilic when viewed macroscopically, the silicon fine particles whose contact and reaction with moisture are more accurately promoted have a hydrogen generating ability. Can be generated more strongly, that is, a large amount of hydrogen can be generated in the body for a long time, or can be exerted with higher accuracy.
- the reforming process is performed using a hydrogen peroxide solution at about room temperature from the viewpoint of realizing low-cost and safe processing.
- the modification step is performed by immersing the silicon fine particles in hydrogen peroxide solution at about room temperature.
- the means for the reforming step is not limited to the means disclosed in the modification (1) of the first embodiment.
- contacting the hydrogen peroxide solution and the silicon fine particles with the ball mill machine is another embodiment that can be adopted. It is.
- the main component is silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide mainly having a crystallite diameter of 5 nm to 500 nm in a volume distribution. More specifically, the following values were obtained as a result of measuring silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide with an X-ray diffractometer. In the volume distribution, the mode diameter of the silicon crystallites was 9.3 nm, the median diameter was 26.1 nm, and the average crystallite diameter was 41.5 nm. When the silicon fine particles were observed using SEM, some of the silicon fine particles having silicon suboxide were aggregated to form slightly larger, irregular aggregates of 0.5 to 5 ⁇ m. Further, when individual silicon fine particles were observed using a TEM, most of them had a crystallite diameter of about 5 nm to 50 nm.
- nanocapsules, microcapsules, ordinary capsules, or coatings that are stable under acidic conditions and soluble under basic conditions, such as silicon fine particles having stable silicon suboxide and sodium bicarbonate, are separately performed. This is a preferred embodiment. By adopting the above-described embodiment, it is possible to avoid the reaction in the presence of moisture under acidic conditions, and to promote the reaction between the silicon fine particles and water by dissolving in the presence of basic and moisture. It becomes possible.
- a mixed solution of ethanol and a small amount of water (0.1 wt% to 2 wt%) is employed in the pulverization process using the bead mill.
- the first embodiment is not limited to the mixed solution.
- 2-propanol is employed instead of ethanol, or when the various solvents described above are employed, the first embodiment or a modified example of the first embodiment ( The effect can be obtained in the same manner as the effect 1).
- the composite composition of the present embodiment uses an acidic solution (typically a pH value of 3 to 6) instead of ethanol and a small amount of water employed in the pulverization step in the first embodiment.
- an acidic solution typically a pH value of 3 to 6
- One of the features is that it is manufactured by performing.
- the description which overlaps with 1st Embodiment may be abbreviate
- the raw material of the composite composition in the present embodiment is, for example, a high purity obtained by pulverizing commercially available i-type polycrystalline silicon having a purity of 99.99% or more using a jet mill method and passing through a 300 ⁇ m sieve. Silicon particle powder (particle size of 300 ⁇ m or less). Note that the present embodiment is not limited to the size, purity, pulverization method, or dispersion solvent of the silicon particle powder as the raw material of the composite composition described above.
- a bead mill apparatus manufactured by Imex Corporation: RMH type horizontal continuous ready mill
- 2.1 g of the above-described high-purity silicon particle powder as silicon particles is an acidic solution adjusted to have a pH value of 3 to 5 (in this embodiment, hydrochloric acid (HCl aqueous solution)).
- HCl aqueous solution hydrochloric acid
- ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m zirconia beads were added, and the temperature of the cooling water of the bead mill apparatus was set to about 6 ° C. for 75 minutes at 2500 rpm in the atmosphere.
- a pulverization step is performed in which pulverization is performed to refine the material.
- the pH adjusting solution for forming the acidic solution is not limited to hydrochloric acid.
- the finally produced silicon fine particles including silicon nanoparticles and / or aggregates of silicon nanoparticles
- the composite composition containing the silicon fine particles This is a preferred embodiment from the viewpoint of improving the accuracy of safety (for example, safety to the human body).
- the present inventor uses an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyzer (XPS analyzer)) (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model: KRATOS AXIS 165) on the surface of an example of the silicon fine particles (composite composition) of the present embodiment. And analyzed.
- XPS analyzer X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyzer
- pulverization process is 5.0.
- the silicon fine particles formed by pulverizing by a bead mill method using hydrochloric acid (HCl aqueous solution) of pH 5.0 are 1.6 nm silicon dioxide film, 1.0 nm silicon suboxide. And 2.6 nm of silicon oxide film.
- the composite composition of the present embodiment is characterized in that it is formed without performing the pulverization step in each of the first or second embodiments.
- the description which overlaps with 1st or 2nd embodiment or those each modifications may be abbreviate
- the raw material of the composite composition in the present embodiment is the high-purity silicon particle powder (particle size of 300 ⁇ m or less) of the second embodiment. Note that the present embodiment is not limited to the size, purity, pulverization method, or dispersion solvent of the silicon particle powder as the raw material of the composite composition described above.
- the pulverization step is not performed, but as in the modification (1) of the first embodiment, the surface of the silicon particle powder is brought into contact with hydrogen peroxide water to thereby form the surface.
- a reforming step for reforming is performed. Specifically, the modified silicon particle powder of this embodiment (an example of a composite composition) is formed by bringing hydrogen peroxide water having a concentration of, for example, 3 wt% into contact with the silicon particle powder for 30 minutes.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of hydrogen gas generated and the reaction time in this embodiment.
- modified silicon particle powder (an example of a composite composition) having a particle size of 45 ⁇ m or less is formed.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of hydrogen gas generated and the reaction time in this modification.
- the composite composition of each above-mentioned embodiment or its modification can be utilized as a formulation, for example.
- the utilization example is not limited to tablets.
- the composite composition can generate more hydrogen if it is powdery with a large surface area rather than a lump, but it is easier to take orally than when it is made into a tablet or capsule.
- the disintegration proceeds and becomes powdery.
- the composite composition reduces the surface area exposed to the gastric juice and / or stomach contents, and the water-containing liquid in the small intestine and / or large intestine where the hydrogen generation reaction is to be promoted.
- the surface area exposed to can be increased.
- the composite composition may be a granular preparation.
- Granule preparations are in the form of powder at an early stage after ingestion compared to tablets and capsules.
- gastric juice has a low pH value (about 1.5), it hardly generates hydrogen even if it shows powdery form immediately after reaching the stomach, and generates hydrogen in the presence of water after passing through the stomach. .
- the composite composition may be a powder. Powders are easy to handle when the composite composition is used as a constituent of foods including health foods, for example, food additives.
- silicon particles having a crystallite diameter of 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m, or 1 nm to 500 nm (more narrowly, 1 nm to 100 nm) can be mixed and used as the composite composition.
- the silicon fine particles are preferably contained in an amount of 1% by mass or more. Although there is no upper limit of the content of silicon fine particles, it is preferably 40% by mass or less in consideration of taste.
- An example of the coating layer that can be applied to the tablet is a known gastric insoluble enteric material that is a coating agent that covers the outermost layer of the tablet.
- the example of the coating layer which can be applied to a capsule is the capsule itself manufactured from the well-known poorly gastric enteric material which encloses this composite composition.
- an example of a preparation suitable as an application example of the composite composition is a tablet that is a bulk preparation that can be easily taken orally, or a powdered composite composition (in the form of an aggregate) In a capsule.
- a tablet when a tablet is employ
- a well-known material can be employ
- a preferred example of a more suitable disintegrant is an organic acid, and the most preferred example is citric acid.
- the organic acid can also function as a binder for lumping silicon fine particles or silicon nanoparticles.
- the composite composition can also be used as a food topping material (typically, “sprinkle”) in the form of granules, flakes, and / or rags on each food, for example.
- the composite composition of each of the above-described embodiments or modified examples thereof for example, by using a “medium” that is brought into contact with the composite composition, hydrogen is transcutaneously or transmucosally in the body (skin itself or mucosa (Including self).
- the medium of the present embodiment is not particularly limited in material or product. As long as the medium is physiologically acceptable, the effect of the present embodiment can be obtained. Therefore, the one provided with the composite composition and the medium in contact with the composite composition can exhibit a function as a hydrogen supply material.
- a human part comes into contact with water (or a water-containing liquid) or a medium containing the water (or a water-containing liquid) (hereinafter collectively referred to as “medium”).
- suitable media are at least one selected from the group of liquid, gel, cream, paste, emulsion, and mousse.
- bath water preferably bath water that is alkaline. Therefore, in one example of the present embodiment, manufacturing the bath water is a medium manufacturing method.
- the bathing water will be described in more detail.
- tap water is stored as bathing water in a general bathtub (including a bathhouse in a public bath, a public bath, and an indoor or outdoor bathtub installed by an inn).
- hydrogen (H 2 ) is generated by performing a contact process in which the above-described composite composition is placed or put into the bath and the bathing water as a medium is brought into contact with the bath.
- the composite composition of the present embodiment can be used as a bath agent.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) generated by the above-described contact step can be brought into contact with the human skin and / or mucous membrane to be bathed via bathing water as a physiologically acceptable medium.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) can be taken into the human body (including the skin itself or the mucous membrane itself) using a means different from the ingestion.
- the composite composition of each of the above-described embodiments or modifications thereof includes, for example, a layered body in which the composite composition is formed in layers, or a layered body that includes the composite composition in a base material formed in layers. This is another aspect that can be adopted. Therefore, the layered body can exhibit a function as a hydrogen supply material.
- a layered structure in which the composite composition is formed in layers, or a layered structure including the composite composition in a base material formed in layers is used to form a layered structure 100 of layered bodies and media.
- FIG. 8A is a side view showing a laminated structure 100 of a layered body and a medium before generating hydrogen
- FIG. 8B is a laminated structure of the layered body and the medium when generating hydrogen.
- the laminated structure 100 described above is formed on or above the base 20 (for example, fiber, natural resin, synthetic resin, metal, semiconductor, ceramic, or glass).
- the layered body 10a and the medium 90b are provided.
- a preferable example of the medium 90b is physiologically acceptable and at least one material selected from the group of liquid, gel, cream, paste, emulsion, and mousse.
- the medium 90b can contain a pH adjuster typified by sodium hydrogen carbonate.
- the base 20 has elasticity. Further, if the laminated structure 100 of the layered body 10a and the medium 90b can be maintained without the base 20, the base 20 is not necessarily provided.
- an impermeable film 70 is provided between the layered body 10a and the medium 90b so that the layered body 10a and the medium 90b do not contact each other. It has been.
- a film formed from a known impermeable material can be used as the film 70.
- an example of the material of the water-impermeable film 70 is a known polymer such as polyethylene.
- the layered body 10a and the medium 90b are formed in direct contact with each other by pulling out the film 70 in the arrow direction (left direction in the drawing), but the method for removing the film 70 is not particularly limited.
- the medium 90b is formed so as to be in contact with the composite composition (in this embodiment, the layered body 10a).
- a material for dissolving at least a part of the membrane 70 for example, a sheet having water decomposability and water impermeability disclosed in International Publication No. WO2011 / 036992 is also employed. It is one mode to obtain.
- the composite composition of each of the above-described embodiments or modifications thereof may be covered with an impermeable film 70. If at least a part of the composite composition and the medium 90b are in direct contact with each other by removing or dissolving the film 70, the same effect as in the case of the layered body 10a can be obtained.
- the medium is at least one selected from the group of liquid, gel, cream, paste, emulsion, and mousse, two layers (layered) as shown in FIG.
- the body 10a and the medium 90b) do not maintain a clearly separated state. Rather, such a case is preferable from the viewpoint of more accurately promoting hydrogen generation because the contact area between the layered body 10a and the medium 90b increases.
- a layered body formed by laminating the composite composition may be employed as a single body or as a laminated structure with the base 20.
- a structure 200 as an example shown in FIG. 9 includes a layered body 10 a on the base 20.
- the base 20 is not necessarily provided when the shape of the layered body can be maintained without the base 20.
- an impermeable film 70 may be provided so as to cover the layered body 10a.
- the structures or laminated structures that can be employed in the other embodiment (3) and its modifications are structures that can be employed in various “life situations”.
- typical product examples that can employ (include) the medium are the following (A) to (D).
- hair cosmetics are hair styling, hair oil, salmon oil, styling (material), set (material), blow (material), brushing (material), tic, hair stick, hair wax, hair foam, Includes hair gel, pomade, hair cream, hair solid, hair lacquer, hair liquid, hair spray, hair water.
- the above-mentioned “hygiene materials” include sanitary gloves, head covers, headbands, bed pads, bed sheets, adult incontinence products, menstrual products, clothing products, wound dressing products (including wound dressings, tapes, and bandages), Includes disposable diapers, including adult and pediatric diapers, gauze, gowns, sanitary tissue (including towels, wash towels, patches, wet tissues, and napkins), cotton wool, swabs, bandages, and surgical tape.
- the composite composition of each of the above-described embodiments or modifications thereof includes, for example, animals (dogs, cats, horses, sheep, rabbits or chickens) for breeding (including breeding in the ranch in the present application), and fish.
- animals dogs, cats, horses, sheep, rabbits or chickens
- fish Including animals such as foxes, bears, deer, snakes, or crocodiles that can be used for food animals, hair or skin of the animals such as clothing or leather products (including pouches, various cases, or bags) ), And can be used as feed for animals used for medical purposes or fish including fish for aquaculture.
- it can also be used as industrial chemicals or drugs.
- the composite composition of each of the above-described embodiments or modifications thereof can be used as a human supplement or food additive.
- the composite composition of each above-mentioned embodiment or its modification has hydrogen generating ability, it deserves special mention that it can exhibit an antiseptic function with respect to various foodstuffs or materials.
- the composite composition containing water or water in which the composite composition is immersed, the fresh food can be made to last for a long time.
- the composite composition in various cosmetics or various cosmetics containing perfume, milky lotion or lotion containing water (moisture), the cosmetics or the cosmetics can be prolonged.
- the composite composition of each of the above-described embodiments or modifications thereof can form an aggregate having a diameter of ⁇ m level (for example, about 20 ⁇ m) by aggregation in a natural state.
- the composite composition may be artificially assembled by the addition or compression of the aggregate or binder to form a solid solid preparation having a size enough to be pinched by a human finger. it can.
- the formulation can also be applied to plants (including trees).
- the soil is utilized as a medium containing a water-containing liquid by embedding the compound in the soil (including water) in which the plant is planted or growing.
- Hydrogen (H 2 ) is generated by contacting the formulation with soil as a medium.
- the plant in contact with the soil can take up hydrogen into the body via its roots, stems, or outer skin.
- sugar content improvement can also be implement
- moisture content of this embodiment is rain water or artificial water.
- the number or amount of the compound in the soil is not particularly limited.
- Another aspect of the present embodiment is that the compound is brought into contact with the water-containing liquid by introducing or introducing the compound into a naturally existing or artificial water pool (medium).
- Can be adopted as Hydrogen (H 2 ) is generated by bringing the formulation into contact with a water-containing liquid.
- H 2 Hydrogen
- excess active oxygen especially hydroxyl radicals
- the animal's health promotion and / or disease prevention can be realized.
- the pH value of the above-mentioned puddle is higher than weakly acidic (for example, the pH value is 5 or more)
- weakly acidic for example, the pH value is 5 or more
- the pH value becomes high, and the conditions as a medium that easily generates hydrogen (H 2 ) can be satisfied.
- the water-containing liquid such as a puddle is acidic, a large amount of the compound is introduced or introduced into the soil in order to satisfy the condition as a medium that easily generates hydrogen (H 2 ). It will be necessary.
- the blend is a medium.
- a contact step of bringing the composite composition into contact with the medium is performed.
- generation of hydrogen (H 2 ) can be promoted.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) generated by the above-mentioned contact process via the soil or the water reservoir as a medium is transferred to the skin and / or mucous membrane of animals or leaves, stems, hulls, and / or plants. Or it becomes possible to make it contact a root.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) can be taken into the body of an animal or plant.
- an animal can exert a function of suppressing aging.
- this hydrogen can exhibit the inhibitory function of corrosion.
- the composite composition or the blend is used as it is.
- the composite composition or the formulation is included in a “matrix” such as, for example, veterinary medicine, livestock or pet food, or animal feed, or botanical medicine, plant fertilizer, or plant compost.
- An aspect or an aspect blended in the “base material” is also a preferable aspect that can be adopted.
- the composite composition or the blend is mixed or kneaded as an additive in the base material, for example, 0.1 wt% to 50 wt%.
- the above-mentioned “base material” is not limited to a “formulation” in a broad sense, as well as a composition in which the composite composition is blended with a botanical drug, plant fertilizer, or plant compost. is there. Therefore, it is possible to adopt that the above-mentioned base material is in contact with the medium as one suitable means for animals or plants to take hydrogen into the body, for example, transdermally or transmucosally.
- Example 1-1 First, 200 g of silicon fine particles having the silicon suboxide of the first embodiment (that is, an example of the composite composition of the first embodiment) is used as a raw material, put into a reaction vessel, and 3 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution. 500 ml was added. The surface modification process of the silicon fine particles is performed by setting the temperature to 35 ° C. while stirring and immersing the silicon fine particles in hydrogen peroxide solution for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the silicon fine particles whose surface was modified (that is, an example of the composite composition of the modified example (1) of the first embodiment) were converted to ashless quantitative filter paper (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, grade) 42, particle retention capacity: 2.5 ⁇ m), and solid-liquid separation was performed by filtration under reduced pressure.
- ashless quantitative filter paper manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, grade
- the silicon fine particles were dispersed in ethanol, and then solid-liquid separation was performed by centrifugation.
- the surface-modified silicon fine particles subjected to solid-liquid separation are dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. Thereafter, the dried silicon fine particles are stored in a vacuum container or a container purged with nitrogen.
- the surface of the silicon fine particles subjected to the modification process showed hydrophilicity.
- Example 1-2 First, 200 g of silicon fine particles of the first embodiment (that is, an example of the composite composition of the first embodiment) was used as a raw material, put into a reaction vessel, and 250 ml of 10 wt% hydrogen peroxide solution was added. The surface modification process of the silicon fine particles is performed by setting the temperature to 20 ° C. while stirring and immersing the silicon fine particles in hydrogen peroxide solution for 60 minutes. Thereafter, the silicon fine particles whose surface was modified (that is, an example of the composite composition of the modified example (1) of the first embodiment) were converted to ashless quantitative filter paper (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, grade) 42, particle retention capacity: 2.5 ⁇ m), and solid-liquid separation was performed by filtration under reduced pressure.
- ashless quantitative filter paper manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, grade
- the silicon fine particles were dispersed in ethanol, and then solid-liquid separation was performed by centrifugation.
- the surface-modified silicon fine particles subjected to solid-liquid separation are dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. Thereafter, the dried silicon fine particles are stored in a vacuum container or a container purged with nitrogen.
- the surface of the silicon fine particles subjected to the modification process showed hydrophilicity.
- Example 1-3 First, 200 g of silicon fine particles of the first embodiment (that is, an example of the composite composition of the first embodiment) was used as a raw material, placed in a reaction vessel, and 500 ml of 3 wt% hydrogen peroxide water was added. The surface modification process of the silicon fine particles is performed by setting the temperature to 60 ° C. while stirring and immersing the silicon fine particles in hydrogen peroxide solution for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the silicon fine particles whose surface was modified (that is, an example of the composite composition of the modified example (1) of the first embodiment) were converted to ashless quantitative filter paper (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, grade) 42, particle retention capacity: 2.5 ⁇ m), and solid-liquid separation was performed by filtration under reduced pressure.
- ashless quantitative filter paper manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, grade
- the silicon fine particles were dispersed in ethanol, and then solid-liquid separation was performed by centrifugation.
- the surface-modified silicon fine particles subjected to solid-liquid separation are dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. Thereafter, the dried silicon fine particles are stored in a vacuum container or a container purged with nitrogen.
- the surface of the silicon fine particles subjected to the modification process showed hydrophilicity.
- Example 2 5 mg of silicon fine particles of the first embodiment (that is, an example of the composite composition of the first embodiment) was used as a raw material. To the raw material (silicon fine particles), 78 ml of water at pH 7 and 36 ° C. was added to disperse the raw material, and the hydrogen gas generated while stirring was measured with a hydrogen concentration meter. The amount of hydrogen gas generated over time is as shown in Table 1. The amount of hydrogen gas generated was also identified and quantitatively evaluated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC / MS) analysis.
- GC / MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- the silicon fine particles after the reaction were analyzed by the XPS apparatus and the FT-IR apparatus of the first embodiment. As a result, it was shown that the silicon fine particles after the reaction still have the ability to generate hydrogen.
- Example 3 The raw material was 5 mg of silicon fine particles (that is, surface-modified silicon fine particles) of Modification Example (1) of the first embodiment. To the raw material (silicon fine particles), 78 ml of water at pH 7 and 36 ° C. was added to disperse the raw material, and the generated hydrogen gas was measured with a hydrogen concentration meter. As shown in Table 2, the amount of hydrogen gas generated over time was 10 times or more the result of Table 1. In addition, the generation amount of hydrogen gas was identified and quantitatively evaluated by GC / MS analysis.
- the silicon fine particles after the reaction were analyzed by the XPS apparatus and the FT-IR apparatus of the first embodiment. As a result, it was shown that the silicon fine particles after the reaction (that is, surface-modified silicon fine particles) still have the ability to generate hydrogen.
- Example 4 5 mg of silicon fine particles of the first embodiment (that is, an example of the composite composition of the first embodiment) was used as a raw material.
- the raw material silicon fine particles
- Table 3 shows the amount of hydrogen gas generated over time. In addition, the generation amount of hydrogen gas was identified and quantitatively evaluated by GC / MS analysis.
- the silicon fine particles after the reaction were analyzed by the XPS apparatus and the FT-IR apparatus of the first embodiment. As a result, it was shown that the silicon fine particles after the reaction still have the ability to generate hydrogen.
- Example 5 The raw material was 5 mg of silicon fine particles (that is, surface-modified silicon fine particles) of Modification Example (1) of the first embodiment.
- silicon fine particles that is, surface-modified silicon fine particles
- aqueous solution aqueous solution adjusted to pH 8.3 using sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to disperse the raw material, and the generated hydrogen gas was measured with a hydrogen concentration meter. did.
- the amount of hydrogen gas generated over time was 15 times or more the result of Table 3. This increase in the amount of hydrogen generation is an effect due to the alkaline pH value. More characteristically, compared to the results in Table 3, the amount of hydrogen gas generated particularly at the initial stage of the reaction increased significantly. In addition, the generation amount of hydrogen gas was identified and quantitatively evaluated by GC / MS analysis.
- the silicon fine particles after the reaction were analyzed by the XPS apparatus and the FT-IR apparatus of the first embodiment. As a result, it was shown that the silicon fine particles after the reaction (that is, surface-modified silicon fine particles) still have the ability to generate hydrogen.
- Example 6 200 g of silicon fine particles of the first embodiment (that is, an example of the composite composition of the first embodiment) was used as a raw material. To the raw material (silicon fine particles), 250 ml of 10 wt% hydrogen peroxide water diluted with 35% hydrogen peroxide was added to disperse the raw material. Under the condition of 35 ° C., a modification step was carried out for modifying the surface of the silicon fine particles by immersing the silicon fine particles in hydrogen peroxide water for 30 minutes.
- the silicon fine particles whose surface was modified (that is, an example of the composite composition of the modified example (1) of the first embodiment) were converted to ashless quantitative filter paper (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, grade) 42, particle retention capacity: 2.5 ⁇ m), and solid-liquid separation was performed by filtration under reduced pressure. After silicon fine particles were dispersed in ethanol, solid-liquid separation was performed by centrifugation. The surface-modified silicon fine particles subjected to solid-liquid separation are dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. Thereafter, the dried silicon fine particles are stored in a vacuum container or a container purged with nitrogen. The surface of the silicon fine particles subjected to the modification process showed hydrophilicity.
- the number of silicon atoms in the silicon oxide film that is, the total number of silicon atoms of silicon dioxide and silicon suboxide (100%)).
- the composition ratio of silicon suboxide was about 60%.
- Example 7 An example in which sodium percarbonate is employed instead of the hydrogen peroxide solution of the modification (1) of the first embodiment will be described.
- the raw material was 5 mg of silicon fine particles of the first embodiment (that is, an example of the composite composition of the first embodiment). 180 ml of water was added to the raw material (silicon fine particles), and 1.8 g of sodium percarbonate was further added to prepare an aqueous solution, and the raw material was dispersed in the aqueous solution. Under the condition of 30 ° C., a modification step of modifying the surface of the silicon fine particles was performed by immersing the silicon fine particles with stirring for 30 minutes.
- the silicon fine particles whose surface was modified (that is, an example of the composite composition of the modified example (1) of the first embodiment) were converted to ashless quantitative filter paper (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, grade) 42, particle retention capacity: 2.5 ⁇ m), and solid-liquid separation was performed by filtration under reduced pressure. Then, after removing sodium carbonate adhering to the silicon fine particles by washing with water, the silicon fine particles were dispersed in ethanol and then subjected to solid-liquid separation by centrifugation. The surface-modified silicon fine particles subjected to solid-liquid separation are dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. Thereafter, the dried silicon fine particles are stored in a container purged with nitrogen. The surface of the silicon fine particles subjected to the modification process showed hydrophilicity.
- Example 8 The raw material was 5 mg of silicon fine particles obtained in Example (7) (that is, silicon fine particles surface-modified with sodium percarbonate). 78 ml of water at pH 7 and 36 ° C. was added to the raw material (silicon fine particles) to disperse the raw material in the water. In this example, the amount of hydrogen gas generated by immersing in the aqueous solution was measured using a hydrogen concentration meter.
- the thickness of the silicon oxide film (including silicon dioxide and silicon suboxide) after 168 hours (7 days) from the time of hydrogen generation was about 13 nm. Therefore, if the film thickness of the silicon oxide film after the elapse of 168 hours (7 days) from the generation of hydrogen is within the numerical range of 3 nm to 20 nm (typically 15 nm or less) already described, the first accuracy is high. It can be recognized that these are the silicon fine particles of the modification (1) of the embodiment.
- Example 9 5 mg of silicon fine particles of the first embodiment (that is, an example of the composite composition of the first embodiment) was used as a raw material.
- the raw material silicon fine particles
- aqueous solution aqueous solution adjusted to pH 10 using sodium hydrogen carbonate and sodium carbonate was added to prepare an aqueous solution, and the raw material was dispersed in the aqueous solution.
- the amount of hydrogen gas generated by immersing the raw material in the aqueous solution was measured using a hydrogen concentration meter.
- the amount of hydrogen generated over time was significantly increased compared to the case of using water at pH 7 or pH 8.3.
- the amount of hydrogen generated was also identified and quantitatively evaluated by GC / MS analysis.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of hydrogen gas generated and the reaction time in this example.
- Example 10 5 mg of silicon fine particles of the first embodiment (that is, an example of the composite composition of the first embodiment) was used as a raw material.
- a raw material silicon fine particles
- aqueous solution aqueous solution
- caustic soda aqueous solution
- the amount of hydrogen gas generated by immersing the raw material in the aqueous solution was measured using a hydrogen concentration meter.
- the amount of hydrogen generated over time was significantly increased compared to the case of using pH 7 water.
- the amount of hydrogen generated was also identified and quantitatively evaluated by GC / MS analysis.
- the raw material was 5 mg of silicon fine particles (that is, surface-modified silicon fine particles) of Modification Example (1) of the first embodiment.
- silicon fine particles that is, surface-modified silicon fine particles
- the amount of hydrogen gas generated by immersing the raw material in the aqueous solution was measured using a hydrogen concentration meter.
- the amount of hydrogen generated over time was significantly increased compared to the case of using pH 7 water.
- the amount of hydrogen generated was also identified and quantitatively evaluated by GC-MAS analysis.
- Example 12 5 mg of silicon fine particles of the first embodiment (that is, an example of the composite composition of the first embodiment) was used as a raw material.
- aqueous solution adjusted to pH 8.3 using caustic soda and heated to 60 ° C. in advance was added little by little to disperse the raw material in the aqueous solution.
- the amount of hydrogen gas generated by immersing the raw material in the aqueous solution was measured using a hydrogen concentration meter.
- the raw material was 5 mg of silicon fine particles (that is, surface-modified silicon fine particles) of Modification Example (1) of the first embodiment.
- silicon fine particles that is, surface-modified silicon fine particles
- aqueous solution adjusted to pH 10 using caustic soda and heated to 60 ° C. in advance was added little by little to disperse the raw material in the aqueous solution.
- the amount of hydrogen gas generated by immersing the raw material in the aqueous solution was measured using a hydrogen concentration meter.
- Example 14 By filtering the composite composition produced in the second embodiment under reduced pressure using an ashless quantitative filter paper (manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, grade 42, particle retention capacity: 2.5 ⁇ m), a solid liquid is obtained. Separation was performed. The surface-modified silicon fine particles subjected to solid-liquid separation are dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C. Thereafter, the dried silicon fine particles are stored in a vacuum container or a container purged with nitrogen. The surface of the composite composition produced in the second embodiment showed hydrophilicity.
- an ashless quantitative filter paper manufactured by GE Healthcare Japan, grade 42, particle retention capacity: 2.5 ⁇ m
- An example of the composite composition obtained in Example 14 is mainly composed of silicon nanoparticles having a crystallite diameter of 1 nm to 500 nm. More specifically, as a result of measuring silicon nanoparticles with an X-ray diffractometer (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, Smart Lab), the average crystallite diameter was 28.0 nm as an example. In addition, since the result of the above-mentioned average crystallite diameter is only the result by the crushing process etc. as an example, a present Example is not limited to the above-mentioned numerical value.
- Example 15 5 mg of the silicon fine particles obtained in Example 14 (that is, an example of the composite composition of the second embodiment) was used as a raw material.
- the raw material silicon fine particles
- 78 ml of water at pH 7 and 36 ° C. was added to disperse the raw material, and the hydrogen gas generated while stirring was measured with a hydrogen concentration meter.
- Table 5 shows the amount of hydrogen gas generated over time. The amount of hydrogen gas generated was also identified and quantitatively evaluated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC / MS) analysis.
- GC / MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- the silicon fine particle of each above-mentioned embodiment it is made to contact with the 1st water containing liquid whose pH value is less than 7 at a 1st contact process, and 2nd water content whose pH value is 7 or more at the subsequent 2nd contact process. Hydrogen can be generated in the second contact step by contacting with the liquid. Therefore, the silicon fine particles of each of the above-described embodiments can have a remarkable hydrogen generation ability when in contact with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more.
- the temperature condition of the second water-containing liquid for generating hydrogen in each of the above embodiments is not limited. Although it may depend on the pH of the second water-containing liquid, if the temperature of the second water-containing liquid is 80 ° C. or lower, the accuracy is high and hydrogen generation is promoted.
- the upper limit of the temperature of the second water-containing liquid is not originally limited. For example, when using the composite composition of this embodiment as an industrial chemical, it may exceed 50 ° C. However, the higher the temperature, the higher the heat resistance required for the equipment (including the container), and the problem that it is necessary to handle with care. Therefore, even when used as an industrial chemical, it is preferably used at 100 ° C. or lower.
- the composite composition of the present invention can be used for agriculture, farming, forestry, fisheries, fisheries, pet industry, or bonsai or fresh flower industry, medicine (including quasi-drugs) and medical industry, food industry,
- the present invention can be widely used in various industries including veterinary and tree medical industries, industrial reducing agents, rust prevention applications, industrial chemical synthesis processes, and new energy industries such as fuel cells.
Abstract
Description
(1)該酸化シリコン膜がいわゆる「シリコンサブオキサイド」と呼ばれる、化学量論的にSiO2とは異なる複数の種類の酸化物を多く含んでいること
(2)シリコン粒子と、該酸化シリコン膜(シリコンサブオキサイド及び二酸化シリコンを含む)とを備える複合組成物の存在
(3)該シリコン粒子を構成するシリコン微細粒子を核とし、各種の酸化シリコン膜(シリコンサブオキサイド及び二酸化シリコンを含む)が該シリコン微細粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を覆うことにより形成された複合組成物の存在
(4)該シリコン微細粒子の表面が親水性を示し、該シリコン微細粒子の該表面に結合した水素の濃度(SiH基の濃度)が低いこと、及び該酸化シリコン膜の表面が多くのOH基(すなわち、SiOH基)を有すること
化学反応式(1)では、シリコンと水酸化イオン(OH-)が反応して、SiO2と水素が生成するとともに、電子(e)が生成する。この反応は、シリコンと酸化シリコン膜の界面で起こると考えられる。生成した電子は、酸化シリコン膜の表面に移動して、化学反応式(2)に示すように水分子が電子を受け取ることにより、水酸化物イオンと水素が生成する。従って、全体の反応(化学反応式(1)+化学反応式(2)=化学反応式(3))が起こった後には、水酸化物イオンの濃度は変化しない。一方、化学反応式(1)に示される化学反応が律速反応であるため、反応速度は水酸化イオンの濃度の増加とともに顕著に増加する。
(X)シリコン微細粒子と水分(特に、水酸化物イオン(OH-イオン))との反応を促進して、シリコン微細粒子の水素の発生能をより強く、すなわち多量の水素ガスが継続的に長時間発生し、又はより確度高く引き出すことにつながること
(Y)上述の反応式(1)~(7)で示されるように、OH-イオンが反応することを利用して、pH値の制御によって任意に水素発生速度を制御できること
20 基部
70 不透水性の膜
90b 媒体
100 積層構造
200 構造体
<第1の実施形態>
本実施形態の複合組成物は、水素発生能を有する、シリコン微細粒子を含有する複合組成物である。加えて、本実施形態の複合組成物は、前述のシリコン微細粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を覆う酸化シリコン膜の中に、二酸化シリコン(SiO2)とシリコンサブオキサイド(SiOX,但しxは、1/2、1、及び3/2)とを含む、新規な複合組成物である。
上述の第1の実施形態において製造されたシリコン微細粒子の表面を、さらに、過酸化水素水に接触させることにより、該表面の改質を行う改質工程を行うことも好適な一態様である。この改質工程によって、シリコンナノ粒子を含むシリコン微細粒子は、巨視的に見たときに、シリコン微細粒子を親水性に変化させることが可能となる。なお、シリコン微細粒子の表面を過酸化水素水に接触させる手段は限定されない。例えば公知の容器中に収容した3wt%の過酸化水素水(例えば、約10℃~約80℃、より低コストを実現する観点では約20℃~約50℃)の中に、該シリコン微細粒子を浸漬させることによって、改質工程を行うことができる。また、過酸化水素水に代えて、オゾン水及び/又は過炭酸ナトリウムの中に該シリコン微細粒子を浸漬させることによっても、同様の改質が実現され得る。あるいは、過酸化水素水、オゾン水、及び過炭酸ナトリウムの群から選択される少なくとも一種に該シリコン微細粒子を接触させることによっても、同様の改質が実現され得る。
以下に、第1の実施形態のシリコンサブオキサイドを有するシリコン微細粒子の表面(該表面上の酸化シリコンを含む。以下、同じ。)の状態と、第1の実施形態の変形例(1)のシリコンサブオキサイドを有するシリコン微細粒子の表面(該表面上の酸化シリコンを含む。以下、同じ。)の状態とを、各種の分析法を用いて測定及び考察した結果を示す。
本発明者は、上述の2つの実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(複合組成物の一例)の表面について、X線光電子分光分析装置(XPS分析装置)(株式会社島津製作所製、型式:KRATOS AXIS 165)を用いて分析した。
Si2p領域のXPSスペクトルは、Si+、Si2+、Si3+、及びSi4+によるピークに分離される。ここで、Si0、Si+、Si2+、Si3+、及びSi4+は、1個のシリコン原子に結合している酸素原子の数が、0、1、2、3、4個であることを示す。すべてのSi2pピークは、強度が2:1である、互いに0.61eV離れたSi2p3/2(高エネルギー側)とSi2p1/2(低エネルギー側)を含んでいる。酸化シリコン膜によるピークの面積強度を、I(oxide)とすると、次式が与えられる。
図1に示すように、シリコン微細粒子に起因するSi0のピークと、二酸化シリコン(SiO2)膜による幅の広いSi4+ピークと、図中において、破線によって囲まれた領域に示すように、サブオキサイトであるSi+、Si2+、Si3+のピークが観測された。
本発明者は、さらに、第1の実施形態における粉砕処理直後のシリコンサブオキサイドを有するシリコン微細粒子の表面と、第1の実施形態の変形例(1)の過酸化水素水による改質工程直後のシリコンサブオキサイドを有するシリコン微細粒子の表面について、フーリエ変換赤外分光装置(FT-IR装置)(日本分光株式会社製、型式:FT/IR-6200)を用いて分析した。図3は、該粉砕工程後のシリコンサブオキサイドを有するシリコン微細粒子のFT-IRスペクトルと、該改質工程後のシリコンサブオキサイドを有するシリコン微細粒子のFT-IRスペクトルである。なお、下段のスペクトルは、図を見易くするために、上段に比較して強度を4倍にして掲載している。
このモデルでは、酸化シリコンの体積Vは、次式(8)となる。
(a)粉砕工程後
(b)改質工程後
(c)pH7の水と接触して、水素発生反応が進行している時(反応時間が約6時間以上)
(d)水素発生反応が終了したとき
ところで、第1の実施形態及び第1の実施形態の変形例(1)においては、室温程度の過酸化水素水の中に該シリコン微細粒子を浸漬させることによって改質工程が行われているが、改質工程の手段は、第1の実施形態の変形例(1)に開示される手段に限定されない。例えば、過酸化水素水の中への浸漬の代わりに、公知のボールミル機を用いて、該ボールミル機によって過酸化水素水と該シリコン微細粒子とを接触させることも、採用し得る他の一態様である。
また、第1の実施形態、第1の実施形態の変形例(1)、又は第1の実施形態の変形例(2)のシリコン微細粒子5mgを、炭酸水素ナトリウム粉末(和光純薬株式会社製、純度99.5%)約500mgと混合する。この混合物を混錬し、打錠法を用いて、直径約8mm、高さ約4mmの円柱型の塊状体としての錠剤を得ることができる。なお、錠剤は、塊状製剤の一例である。なお、安定なシリコンサブオキサイドを有するシリコン微細粒子及び炭酸水素ナトリウム等のpH調整剤を別々に酸性下では安定で塩基性下では溶解する、ナノカプセル、マイクロカプセル、通常のカプセル、又はコーティングを行うことは好適な一態様である。前述の態様を採用することにより、酸性条件における水分の存在下での反応を回避して、塩基性で水分の存在下において、溶解してシリコン微細粒子と水とが反応することを促すことが可能となる。
また、第1の実施形態及び第1の実施形態の変形例(1)においては、ビーズミルを用いた粉砕工程において、エタノールと少量の水(0.1wt%~2wt%)との混合溶液が採用されたが、第1の実施形態は該混合溶液に限定されない。例えば、エタノールの代わりに、2-プロパノールが採用された場合であっても、あるいは既に述べた各種溶剤を採用する場合であっても、第1の実施形態又は第1の実施形態の変形例(1)の効果と同様に効果が奏され得る。
本実施形態の複合組成物は、第1の実施形態における粉砕工程において採用したエタノール及び少量の水の代わりに、酸性の溶液(代表的には、pH値が3~6)を用いて粉砕工程が行われることによって製造されている点が特徴の一つである。なお、第1の実施形態と重複する説明は省略され得る。
本発明者は、本実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(複合組成物)の一例の表面について、X線光電子分光分析装置(XPS分析装置))(株式会社島津製作所製、型式:KRATOS AXIS 165)を用いて分析した。なお、この分析の対象となるシリコン微細粒子については、上述の粉砕工程において用いられた酸性の溶液のpH値は、5.0である。観測したXPSスペクトルを解析した結果、pH5.0の塩酸(HCl水溶液)を用いてビーズミル法による粉砕を行って形成したシリコン微細粒子は、1.6nmの二酸化シリコン膜、1.0nmのシリコンサブオキサイド、及び2.6nmの酸化シリコン膜を有していることがわかった。
本実施形態の複合組成物は、第1又は第2の各実施形態における粉砕工程が行われずに形成されている点が特徴である。なお、第1又は第2の実施形態、あるいはそれらの各変形例と重複する説明は省略され得る。
また、本実施形態の変形例の一つとして、第3の実施形態における該改質シリコン粒子粉末を形成する過程において採用された300μmの篩を、45μmの篩に変更した点を除いて、第3の実施形態と同じ処理を行った例(変形例)について説明する。
なお、上述の各実施形態又はその変形例の複合組成物は、例えば、製剤として活用することができる。加えて、その活用例は、錠剤に限定されない。例えば、錠剤の代わりに、粉状の該複合組成物をカプセルに内包させたカプセル剤を採用した場合であっても、上述の効果と同様の効果が奏され得る。該複合組成物は、塊状でなく表面積の大きな粉状である方が多くの水素を発生させ得るが、錠剤又はカプセル剤にすることより、経口摂取が容易になる。また、錠剤又はカプセル剤にすることにより、胃内ではある程度、塊状を保つ一方、胃を通過した後は崩壊が進み粉状を呈するようになる。このため水素発生反応を抑制したい胃内においては、該複合組成物が胃液及び/又は胃の内容物に曝される表面積を少なくし、水素発生反応を促進したい小腸及び/又は大腸において水含有液に曝される表面積を多くすることができる。
また、上述の各実施形態又はその変形例の複合組成物は、例えば、該複合組成物に接触させる「媒体」を用いることにより、経皮的又は経粘膜的に水素を体内(皮膚自身又は粘膜自身を含む)に取り込むことが可能となる。なお、本実施形態の媒体は、特に材料又は商品を限定しない。生理学的に許容可能な媒体であれば、本実施形態の効果を奏し得る。従って、該複合組成物と該複合組成物に接する該媒体とを備えるものは、水素供給材としての機能を発揮し得る。
また、上述の各実施形態又はその変形例の複合組成物は、例えば、該複合組成物を層状に形成した層状体、又は層状に形成された母材中に該複合組成物を含む層状体も、採用し得る他の一態様である。従って、該層状体は、水素供給材としての機能を発揮し得る。
上述のその他の実施形態(3)の1つの変形例として、該複合組成物を層状に形成した層状体は、単体としても、基部20との積層構造としても採用され得る。図9に示す一例としての構造体200は、基部20上に層状体10aを備えている。なお、基部20を備えていなくても層状体の形状を保持し得る場合は、基部20を必ずしも設ける必要はない。また、空気中の水分との接触を確度高く回避する観点から、不透水性の膜70が層状体10aを覆うように設けられてもよい。
(A)洗顔料、ヘアシャンプー、ボディシャンプー、液体ハンドソープ、及び液体ボディソープの群から選択される1種の洗浄剤。
(B)化粧水(例えば、ヒアルロン酸を含むもの)、美容液、乳液、ローション、化粧用クリーム(例えば、コラーゲンを含むもの)、ファンデーション、皮膚パック剤(ジェル(又はゲル状剤)を有する皮膚パック剤を含む)、シェービングクリーム、ヘアリンス、ヘアトリートメント、ヘアコンディショナー、頭髪化粧料、制汗剤、及び紫外線防御用化粧料の群から選択される1種の化粧用材料。
(C)軟膏及び湿布剤の群から選択される1種の治療用材料。
(D)吸水性樹脂、吸水性不織布、吸水性繊維、吸水性フエルト、及び吸水性ジェル(又はゲル状剤)の群から選択される1種の衛生材料。
また、上述の各実施形態又はその変形例の複合組成物は、例えば、飼育用(本願においては、牧場における飼養を含む)の動物(犬、猫、馬、羊、うさぎ又は鶏を含み、魚類を除く。)、食料用の動物、該動物の毛又は皮が衣料又は革製品(ポーチ、各種ケース、又はバッグを含む)等に利用され得る動物(キツネ、熊、鹿、ヘビ、又はワニを含む)、医療用として活用される動物、又は、養殖用の魚類を含む魚類などの飼料として使用することもできる。さらに、工業用薬品又は薬剤として使用することもできる。
また、上述の各実施形態又はその変形例の複合組成物は、自然な状態において凝集することによってμmレベル(例えば、20μm程度)の径の大きさの凝集体を構成し得る。この凝集体又は結合剤の添加や圧縮等により、人為的に該複合組成物を集合させることによって、ヒトの指によってつまめる程度の大きさの塊状の固体の製剤とした配合物を形成することができる。該配合物は、植物(樹木を含む)に対しても適用し得る。
以下、上述の各実施形態をより詳細に説明するために、実施例を挙げて説明するが、上述の実施形態はこれらの例によって限定されるものではない。
まず、第1の実施形態のシリコンサブオキサイドを有するシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の複合組成物の一例)200gを原料にして、反応容器に入れ、3wt%濃度の過酸化水素水500mlを添加した。撹拌しながら35℃に設定し、シリコン微細粒子を過酸化水素水の中に30分間浸漬させることによって、シリコン微細粒子の表面の改質工程を行う。その後、表面が改質された該シリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の変形例(1)の複合組成物の一例)を、無灰定量ろ紙(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社製、グレード42、粒子保持能:2.5μm)を用いて減圧濾過することにより、固液分離を行った。その後、水洗した上で、シリコン微細粒子をエタノール中に分散させたのちに遠心分離により固液分離を行った。固液分離された表面改質されたシリコン微細粒子に対して、40℃減圧下において乾燥処理を行う。その後、乾燥した該シリコン微細粒子は、真空容器内又は窒素置換された容器内に保存される。改質工程が行われたシリコン微細粒子の表面は、親水性を示した。
まず、第1の実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の複合組成物の一例)200gを原料にして、反応容器に入れ、10wt%濃度の過酸化水素水250mlを添加した。撹拌しながら20℃に設定し、シリコン微細粒子を過酸化水素水の中に60分間浸漬させることによって、シリコン微細粒子の表面の改質工程を行う。その後、表面が改質された該シリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の変形例(1)の複合組成物の一例)を、無灰定量ろ紙(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社製、グレード42、粒子保持能:2.5μm)を用いて減圧濾過することにより、固液分離を行った。その後、水洗した上で、シリコン微細粒子をエタノール中に分散させたのちに遠心分離により固液分離を行った。固液分離された表面改質されたシリコン微細粒子に対して、40℃減圧下において乾燥処理を行う。その後、乾燥した該シリコン微細粒子は、真空容器内又は窒素置換された容器内に保存される。改質工程が行われたシリコン微細粒子の表面は、親水性を示した。
まず、第1の実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の複合組成物の一例)200gを原料にして、反応容器に入れ、3wt%濃度の過酸化水素水500mlを添加した。撹拌しながら60℃に設定し、シリコン微細粒子を過酸化水素水の中に30分間浸漬させることによって、シリコン微細粒子の表面の改質工程を行う。その後、表面が改質された該シリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の変形例(1)の複合組成物の一例)を、無灰定量ろ紙(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社製、グレード42、粒子保持能:2.5μm)を用いて減圧濾過することにより、固液分離を行った。その後、水洗した上で、シリコン微細粒子をエタノール中に分散させたのちに遠心分離により固液分離を行った。固液分離された表面改質されたシリコン微細粒子に対して、40℃減圧下において乾燥処理を行う。その後、乾燥した該シリコン微細粒子は、真空容器内又は窒素置換された容器内に保存される。改質工程が行われたシリコン微細粒子の表面は、親水性を示した。
第1の実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の複合組成物の一例)5mgを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)にpH7であって36℃の水78mlを添加して該原料を分散させ、撹拌しながら発生する水素ガスを水素濃度計で測定した。継時的に発生する水素ガスの量は、表1に示すとおりである。なお、ガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析法(GC/MS)分析法によっても水素ガスの発生量を同定するとともに定量評価した。
第1の実施形態の変形例(1)のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、表面改質されたシリコン微細粒子)5mgを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)にpH7であって36℃の水78mlを添加して該原料を分散させ、発生する水素ガスを水素濃度計で測定した。継時的に発生する水素ガスの量は、表2に示すように、表1の結果の10倍以上の値であった。なお、GC/MS分析法によっても水素ガスの発生量を同定するとともに定量評価した。
第1の実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の複合組成物の一例)5mgを原料とした。原料(シリコン微細粒子)に、炭酸水素ナトリウムを用いてpH8.3に調製された36℃の水(水溶液)78mlを添加して該原料を分散させ、発生する水素ガスを水素濃度計で測定した。継時的に発生する水素ガスの量は、表3に示すとおりである。なお、GC/MS分析法によっても水素ガスの発生量を同定するとともに定量評価した。
第1の実施形態の変形例(1)のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、表面改質されたシリコン微細粒子)5mgを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)に、炭酸水素ナトリウムを用いてpH8.3に調製された36℃の水(水溶液)78mlを添加して該原料を分散させ、発生する水素ガスを水素濃度計で測定した。継時的に発生する水素ガスの量は、表4に示すように、表3の結果の15倍以上の値であった。この水素発生量の増大は、pH値がアルカリ性となることによる効果である。さらに特徴的なことに、表3の結果に比べて、特に反応の初期段階の水素ガスの発生量が格段に上昇した。なお、GC/MS分析法によっても水素ガスの発生量を同定するとともに定量評価した。
第1の実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の複合組成物の一例)200gを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)に35%過酸化水素を希釈した10wt%濃度の過酸化水素水250mlを添加して該原料を分散させた。35℃の条件下において、30分間、シリコン微細粒子を過酸化水素水に、浸漬させることによって、シリコン微細粒子の表面を改質する改質工程を行った。その後、表面が改質された該シリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の変形例(1)の複合組成物の一例)を、無灰定量ろ紙(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社製、グレード42、粒子保持能:2.5μm)を用いて減圧濾過することにより、固液分離を行った。シリコン微細粒子をエタノール中に分散させたのちに遠心分離により固液分離を行った。固液分離された表面改質されたシリコン微細粒子に対して、40℃減圧下において乾燥処理を行う。その後、乾燥した該シリコン微細粒子は、真空容器内又は窒素置換された容器内に保存される。改質工程が行われたシリコン微細粒子の表面は、親水性を示した。
第1の実施形態の変形例(1)の過酸化水素水に代えて、過炭酸ナトリウムが採用された例を説明する。
実施例(7)によって得られたシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、過炭酸ナトリウムによって表面改質されたシリコン微細粒子)5mgを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)にpH7であって36℃の水78mlを添加して、該水に該原料を分散させた。この例においては、該水溶液に浸漬させることによって、発生した水素ガスの量を、水素濃度計を用いて測定した。
第1の実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の複合組成物の一例)5mgを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)に、炭酸水素ナトリウム及び炭酸ナトリウムを用いてpH10に調製された36℃の水(水溶液)78mlを添加して水溶液を作製し、該水溶液に該原料を分散させた。この例においては、該原料を該水溶液に浸漬させることによって、発生した水素ガスの量を、水素濃度計を用いて測定した。継時的に発生する水素の量は、pH7又はpH8.3の水を用いた場合に比べて大幅に増大した。なお、GC/MS分析法によっても水素の発生量を同定するとともに定量評価した。また、図5が、この例における水素ガスの発生量と反応時間との関係を示すグラフである。
第1の実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の複合組成物の一例)5mgを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)に、苛性ソーダを用いてpH8.3に調製された36℃の水(水溶液)78mlを添加して水溶液を作製し、該水溶液に該原料を分散させた。この例においては、該原料を該水溶液に浸漬させることによって、発生した水素ガスの量を、水素濃度計を用いて測定した。継時的に発生する水素の量は、pH7の水を用いた場合に比べて大幅に増大した。なお、GC/MS分析法によっても水素の発生量を同定するとともに定量評価した。
第1の実施形態の変形例(1)のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、表面改質されたシリコン微細粒子)5mgを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)に、苛性ソーダを用いてpH8.3に調製された36.5℃の水(水溶液)30mlを作製し、該水溶液に添加して該原料を分散させた。この例においては、該原料を該水溶液に浸漬させることによって、発生した水素ガスの量を、水素濃度計を用いて測定した。継時的に発生する水素の量は、pH7の水を用いた場合に比べて大幅に増大した。なお、GC-MAS分析法によっても水素の発生量を同定するとともに定量評価した。
第1の実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第1の実施形態の複合組成物の一例)5mgを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)に、苛性ソーダを用いてpH8.3に調製され、予め60℃に加熱されていた水(水溶液)78mlを少しずつ添加して該原料を該水溶液に分散させた。この例においては、該原料を該水溶液に浸漬させることによって、発生した水素ガスの量を、水素濃度計を用いて測定した。
第1の実施形態の変形例(1)のシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、表面改質されたシリコン微細粒子)5mgを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)に、苛性ソーダを用いてpH10に調製され、予め60℃に加熱されていた水(水溶液)78mlを少しずつ添加して該原料を該水溶液に分散させた。この例においては、該原料を該水溶液に浸漬させることによって、発生した水素ガスの量を、水素濃度計を用いて測定した。
第2の実施形態において製造される複合組成物を、無灰定量ろ紙(GEヘルスケア・ジャパン株式会社製、グレード42、粒子保持能:2.5μm)を用いて減圧濾過することにより、固液分離を行った。固液分離された表面改質されたシリコン微細粒子に対して、40℃減圧下において乾燥処理を行う。その後、乾燥した該シリコン微細粒子は、真空容器内又は窒素置換された容器内に保存される。第2の実施形態において製造される複合組成物の表面は、親水性を示した。
実施例14によって得られたシリコン微細粒子(すなわち、第2の実施形態の複合組成物の一例)の5mgを原料とした。該原料(シリコン微細粒子)にpH7であって36℃の水78mlを添加して該原料を分散させ、撹拌しながら発生する水素ガスを水素濃度計で測定した。継時的に発生する水素ガスの量は、表5に示すとおりである。なお、ガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析法(GC/MS)分析法によっても水素ガスの発生量を同定するとともに定量評価した。
Claims (23)
- シリコン微細粒子と、
前記シリコン微細粒子の表面の少なくとも一部を覆うシリコンサブオキサイド(SiOX,式中のxは、1/2、1、及び3/2)及び/又は該シリコンサブオキサイドと二酸化シリコンとの混合組成物と、を含む、
複合組成物。 - 前記シリコン微細粒子は、シリコンナノ粒子を含有する、
請求項1に記載の複合組成物。 - 前記混合組成物の膜である酸化シリコン膜中の前記シリコンサブオキサイドの組成比(シリコン原子数比)が10%以上80%以下である、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の複合組成物。 - 前記混合組成物の膜である酸化シリコン膜の厚さが、0.5nm以上15nm以下である、
請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の複合組成物。 - 前記シリコン微細粒子の表面が、SiOH基を有し、かつ親水性である、
請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の複合組成物。 - 前記シリコン微細粒子の表面のSiH基の数密度が、2×1014/cm2以下である、
請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の複合組成物。 - 前記シリコン微細粒子の表面の水酸基の濃度が、5×1013/cm2以上である、
請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の複合組成物。 - 前記シリコン微細粒子の平均の結晶子径が、1nm以上10μm以下である、
請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の複合組成物。 - 前記シリコンナノ粒子の平均の結晶子径が、1nm以上500nm以下である、
請求項2に記載の複合組成物。 - 過酸化水素水、オゾン水、及び過炭酸ナトリウムの群から選択される少なくとも一種に接触した前記シリコン微細粒子の前記表面を備える、
請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の複合組成物。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合組成物を含む、
医薬品。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合組成物を含む、
医薬部外品。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の複合組成物と、
生理学的に許容可能な、該複合組成物に接する媒体と、を備える、
前記媒体を経由して該複合組成物から生成される水素を皮膚及び/又は粘膜に接触させるための、
水素供給材。 - 前記複合組成物、又は前記複合組成物を含む層を覆う不透水性の膜をさらに備え、
前記膜の少なくとも一部を除去したとき又は該膜の少なくとも一部が溶解したときに、前記媒体が該複合組成物に接する、
請求項13に記載の水素供給材。 - 前記媒体は、液状、ゲル状、クリーム状、ペースト状、乳液状、及びムース状の群から選択される少なくとも1種である、
請求項13又は請求項14に記載の水素供給材。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合組成物を含む、
飼料。 - 動物(魚類を除く)のための、
請求項16に記載の飼料。 - 魚類のための、
請求項16に記載の飼料。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合組成物を含む、
サプリメント。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合組成物を含む、
食品添加物。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合組成物を含む、
健康食品。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合組成物を、植物用医薬品、植物用肥料、又は植物用堆肥に配合した、
配合物。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合組成物と水とが、接触している、
生鮮食品、化粧品、又は香粧品。
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