WO2021199644A1 - 複合材 - Google Patents
複合材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021199644A1 WO2021199644A1 PCT/JP2021/003383 JP2021003383W WO2021199644A1 WO 2021199644 A1 WO2021199644 A1 WO 2021199644A1 JP 2021003383 W JP2021003383 W JP 2021003383W WO 2021199644 A1 WO2021199644 A1 WO 2021199644A1
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- composite material
- hydrogen
- silicon
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- particles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/34—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals
- A23L3/3454—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23L3/358—Inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
- A61K47/02—Inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/19—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing inorganic ingredients
- A61K8/25—Silicon; Compounds thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/12—Aerosols; Foams
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composite material, and a hydrogen supply material containing the composite material, a pharmaceutical product, a quasi-drug, a hydrogen supply material, a feed, a supplement, a food additive, and a food, and further, a compound, a fresh food, a cosmetic, or a compound.
- cosmetics a composite material, and a hydrogen supply material containing the composite material, a pharmaceutical product, a quasi-drug, a hydrogen supply material, a feed, a supplement, a food additive, and a food, and further, a compound, a fresh food, a cosmetic, or a compound.
- the hydroxyl radical generated in the body disappears by reacting with some substances.
- an antioxidant substance in the living body such as polyphenol, vitamin C, ⁇ -tocopherol, or glutathione is generally presumed.
- these substances eliminate not only hydroxyl radicals but also active oxygen having a function in the body such as hydrogen peroxide, there is a possibility of causing adverse effects (side effects) such as a decrease in immunity.
- side effects such as a decrease in immunity.
- hydrogen can also extinguish hydroxyl radicals.
- hydrogen reacts only with hydroxyl radicals in active oxygen, it does not have the above-mentioned adverse effects (side effects). Therefore, a hydrogen water generator containing hydrogen that eliminates hydroxyl radicals in the body has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 3 a solid preparation which contains silicon fine particles as a main component and has a high hydrogen generating ability and can be used orally is disclosed. Further, the silicon fine particles and the silicon suboxide (SiO X , x in the formula are 1/2, 1, and 3/2) and / or the silicon suboxide covering at least a part of the surface of the silicon fine particles.
- Patent Document 4 A composite material containing a mixed composition of silicon dioxide and silicon dioxide is disclosed (Patent Document 4).
- the present invention can greatly contribute to solving at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems and making the hydrogen generation ability (generation ability) of silicon particles or silicon fine particles stronger.
- a large amount of hydrogen can be rapidly generated depending on the situation in a human or animal body, or in a space containing various waters or in a water-containing liquid, or can greatly contribute to more accurate extraction of a large amount of hydrogen. ..
- the present inventor has conducted extensive studies and analysis in order to find a substance that exceeds the hydrogen-generating ability of silicon fine particles disclosed so far.
- the generation of hydrogen it is required to design a substance in consideration of the total amount of hydrogen generated (total amount of production) and the amount of hydrogen generated per unit time (that is, the rate of hydrogen generation), especially in the initial stage. Therefore, in order to enhance the hydrogen generating ability, the present inventor conducted a study including the influence of other elements while using silicon (Si) as one of the elements.
- silicon (Si) is not limited to "silicon fine particles" having an average crystallite diameter of micron level or less, specifically, particles having a crystallite diameter of 1 nm or more and less than 1 ⁇ m as main particles. After including "silicon particles" with an average crystallite diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more, we proceeded with the study and analysis in search of a substance capable of exhibiting high hydrogen generating ability.
- silicon particles silicon fine particles
- silicon particles silicon fine particles
- the composite material generates more hydrogen generating ability. More specifically, the total amount of hydrogen generated (total amount of hydrogen produced) and / or the amount of hydrogen generated per unit time in the initial stage of the composite material is significantly superior to those of the conventional silicon fine particles. The present inventor has found.
- the "surface" of the silicon particles is the silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide.
- the silicon particles include a film of the mixed composition with, or when the silicon particles include a natural oxide film, the surface of the film of the silicon suboxide and the film of the mixed composition, respectively. It means the surface or the surface of the natural oxide film.
- the present inventor has increased the amount of hydrogen generated by adopting the composite material, and as a result, after the hydrogen generation reaction, a silicon suboxide (SiO X , in the formula) that covers at least a part of the surface of silicon particles and the like.
- X is 1/2, 1, and 3/2. The same shall apply hereinafter.
- And / or the film thickness of the mixed composition of the silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide is that of the conventional silicon fine particles. It was found that the film thickness was larger than that.
- the present invention was created from each of the above viewpoints.
- the "silicon fine particles” in the present application are mainly particles having an average crystallite diameter of 1 nm or more and less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the "silicon fine particles” in the present application mainly consist of silicon nanoparticles having an average crystallite diameter of nano-level, specifically, a crystallite diameter of 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- the "silicon particles” in the present application are mainly particles having an average crystallite diameter of more than 500 nm (more narrowly, 1 ⁇ m or more) and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the "silicon fine particles” are not limited to those in which each silicon fine particles are dispersed, but also have a size of ⁇ m order (generally 0.1 ⁇ m or more) in which a plurality of silicon fine particles are aggregated. Includes those in the state of forming aggregates. Since each of the above-mentioned numerical ranges of "silicon fine particles” is only an example, the numerical range is not limited. Further, the crystallite diameter is appropriately selected according to the use, usage, required function, etc. of the "silicon fine particles” or "silicon particles”.
- the "water-containing liquid” in the present application is water or an aqueous solution, and includes, for example, a liquid in the digestive tract of an animal (including a human).
- the "digestive tract fluid” refers to the fluid in the small intestine and the fluid in the large intestine.
- the example of the "water-containing liquid” is not limited to the above-mentioned example.
- the material of the "pH adjuster” in the present application is particularly limited as long as it is a drug (hereinafter, "alkaline agent”) capable of adjusting the pH value to an alkaline range of more than 7 (typically, more than 7.4). Not done. It also includes use on the skin of animals (including humans).
- composite material When the composite material is used as an in vivo active oxygen neutralizing agent, it is preferable to use a pharmaceutical product (quasi-drug), a quasi-drug, and an alkaline agent recognized as a food additive.
- a pharmaceutical product quadsi-drug
- quasi-drug a pharmaceutical product recognized as a food additive.
- composites are not limited to animals (including humans).
- alkaline agents are sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, and other pHs for pharmaceuticals, non-pharmaceutical products, foods, and cosmetics. Regulators can be adopted.
- sodium hydrogen carbonate which is the most general-purpose product, is widely used as a pharmaceutical product, a quasi-drug, or a food additive, and has a plurality of pH value adjusting functions required by the present invention and excellent safety and versatility. This is to combine the advantages.
- the pH adjusting agent is not limited to the above-mentioned pH adjusting agent, and a pH adjusting agent can be widely adopted. It is a preferable aspect that any pH adjusting agent has a form that is not decomposed by an acid. In particular, when the composite material of the present application is orally ingested, it is preferable that the composite material is not decomposed by gastric acid or is hardly decomposed.
- One composite material of the present invention supports, adheres to, or adsorbs silicon particles or silicon fine particles capable of generating hydrogen and at least a part of the surface of the silicon particles or the silicon fine particles. It comprises a physiologically acceptable or medically acceptable metal element that is or is chemically bonded to the surface.
- metal elements or metal element-containing substances; hereinafter collectively referred to as "metal elements”
- metal elements or metal element-containing substances; hereinafter collectively referred to as "metal elements”
- the amount of hydrogen generated increases due to the catalytic action of the metal element, and as a result, the film thickness of the silicon suboxide covering at least a part of the surface of the silicon fine particles or the silicon particles, and / or The film thickness of the mixed composition of the silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide can be made larger than the film thickness of the conventional silicon fine particles.
- this composite material by adopting this composite material, a reaction in which silicon and water (or water in a water-containing liquid) come into contact with each other to form hydrogen and thereby silicon oxide is formed can occur with higher accuracy. As a result, it is compared with silicon particles or silicon fine particles in which the above-mentioned metal elements are hardly supported (or not supported at all) or hardly chemically bonded (or not chemically bonded) to the metal elements. Therefore, it is possible to exert a remarkably excellent hydrogen generating ability. More specifically, in this composite material, the total amount of hydrogen generated (total amount of hydrogen produced) and / or the amount of hydrogen generated per unit time (hydrogen production amount) in the initial stage is significantly higher than that of conventional silicon fine particles. Are better. In particular, it is worth noting that even silicon particles having a crystallite diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more, which are relatively large particles, have a strong ability to generate hydrogen.
- One composite material of the present invention is a composite material excellent in the total amount of hydrogen generated (total amount of hydrogen generated) and / or the amount of hydrogen generated per unit time in the initial stage.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the composite material 100 of the present embodiment.
- the composite material 100 of the present embodiment has silicon particles or silicon fine particles (hereinafter, also collectively referred to as “silicon particles”) 10 having a hydrogen generating ability, and the surface of the silicon particles 10.
- Physiologically acceptable or medically acceptable metal element 20 that is carried, adhered to, or adsorbed to, or chemically bonded to the surface of at least a portion of Collectively, it is referred to as "physiologically acceptable metal element 20").
- the metal element 20 is iron (Fe).
- the metal element 20 supported, adhered to, or adsorbed on at least a part of the silicon particles 10 is an example of an embodiment that can be adopted by the composite material 100 of the present embodiment.
- a compound for example, VDD is formed in a state where a part of the metal element 20 and the surface of the silicon particles 10 are chemically adsorbed, and in a region where the metal element 20 and the surface of the silicon particles 10 are in contact with each other.
- the state is an example in which the surface of the silicon particles 10 and the metal element 20 are chemically bonded.
- the amount of the metal element 20 supported on at least a part of the surface of the silicon particles 10 or chemically bonded to the surface is not particularly limited.
- a typical amount of the metal element 20 is 0.1 ppmw or more and 1000 ppmw or less in terms of mass ratio.
- the lower limit of the numerical range in the mass ratio of the amount of the metal element 20 described above is preferably 0.5 ppmw or more, more preferably. Is 1 ppmw or more, more preferably 1.5 ppmw or more, and further preferably 2 ppmw or more.
- the upper limit of the numerical range is preferably 500 ppmw or less, more preferably 300 ppmw or less, still more preferably 100 ppmw or less, still more preferably 75 ppmw or less, still more preferably. It is 50 ppmw or less.
- ⁇ Crushing process> for example, commercially available high-purity silicon particle powder (particle size 300 ⁇ m or less, purity 99.999%, i-type silicon) is used as a part of the raw material of the composite material 100.
- silicon particle powder having a purity higher or lower than the above-mentioned purity can be adopted.
- a crushing step (first crushing step) is performed on the above-mentioned high-purity silicon particle powder by a crushing process using a cutter by a jet mill method.
- first crushing step is performed on the above-mentioned high-purity silicon particle powder by a crushing process using a cutter by a jet mill method.
- second pulverization step using 0.5 mm ⁇ zirconia beads in ethanol is performed in the bead mill method. It is also an embodiment in which it is possible to obtain silicon fine particles (silicon nanoparticles) 10 having a typical crystallite diameter of less than 500 nm.
- a roller mill method instead of the first pulverization step, a roller mill method, a high-speed rotary pulverization method, or a container-driven mill method is used to obtain silicon particles 10 having a crystallite diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 60 ⁇ m or less, or a typical crystallite diameter.
- a classification step is performed between the crushing step (first crushing step or the second crushing step) of the present embodiment and the metal element supporting step described later.
- the ratio of the aggregates of the silicon fine particles 10 and the silicon fine particles 10 having a crystallite diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m to all the silicon particles 10, the silicon fine particles 10 and the aggregates thereof is 5% by mass or less. (More preferably 3% by mass or less, further preferably 1% by mass or less, further preferably 0.5% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.2% by mass or less) using the air flow method.
- aggregates of silicon fine particles 10 and silicon fine particles 10 having a crystallite diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m are substantially removed.
- crystallite diameter used for the silicon particles 10
- crystal particle size is used as a term for the overall diameter of the aggregates of the silicon particles 10.
- the composite material 100 having a hydrogen generating ability of the present embodiment includes all of silicon particles 10 and / or agglomerates of silicon fine particles 10 and silicon fine particles 10 having a crystallite diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m.
- the ratio of the silicon particles 10, the silicon fine particles 10 and their aggregates to the aggregates is 5% by mass or less (more preferably 3% by mass or less, still more preferably 1% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.5% by mass). % Or less, more preferably 0.2% by mass or less), which has the effect that the safety can be enhanced by preventing the composite material 100 from passing through the cell membrane of the intestinal tract and between cells. obtain.
- the upper limit of the crystallite diameter of the silicon particles 10 and the aggregates of the silicon particles 10 is not limited.
- Classification to be% or less (more preferably 3% by mass or less, further preferably 1% by mass or less, further preferably 0.5% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.2% by mass or less).
- the process can be adopted.
- the hydrogen generating ability can be maintained high and the crystallite diameter is constant.
- the crystallite diameter is constant.
- deterioration of human texture can be suppressed.
- the ratio of the silicon fine particles having a crystallite diameter of less than 1 ⁇ m and the aggregates of the silicon fine particles to all the silicon particles, the silicon fine particles and their aggregates is 5% by mass.
- an aggregate of silicon particles 10 and silicon particles 10 having a crystallite diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 60 ⁇ m or less (more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and less than 45 ⁇ m) can be obtained.
- ⁇ Metal element supporting process> a step of supporting, adhering, or adsorbing the metal element 20 to the silicon particles 10 or a chemical bonding step of chemically bonding the metal element 20 and the surface of the silicon particles 10 (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "supporting process”. ) Is performed.
- a solution of a metal element 20 for example, iron (Fe)
- a metal element 20 for example, iron (Fe)
- aqueous chloride solution for example, an aqueous chloride solution
- Spraying treatment using the device is performed.
- a spraying step of spraying a 10 mM FeCl 2 aqueous solution onto the silicon particles 10 is performed.
- the solution of the metal element 20 is a part of the raw material of the composite material 100.
- another step of bringing the silicon particles 10 into contact with the solution of the metal element 20 may be adopted in place of or in combination with the spraying step described above.
- a step of manually or automatically immersing the silicon particles 10 in the solution of the metal element 20 by using a storage portion for accommodating the solution of the metal element 20 can be adopted. ..
- the above-mentioned crushing step in the above-mentioned crushing step, a crushing process using a SUS cutter is performed, and the composition of the cutter is utilized in the crushing process, for example, iron.
- a step of supporting, adhering, or adsorbing (Fe) to the silicon particles 10 can be adopted.
- the above-mentioned crushing step can also play the role of the supporting step of the present embodiment.
- Example 1 is a composite material 100 in which a part of the surface of the silicon particles 10 carries the metal element 20 or the surface and the metal element 20 are chemically bonded.
- the metal element 20 of Example 1 is iron (Fe).
- the metal element 20 with respect to the silicon particles 10 is about 10 ppmw.
- Example 2 Similar to Example 1, Example 2 is also a composite material 100 in which a part of the surface of the silicon particles 10 carries the metal element 20 or the surface and the metal element 20 are chemically bonded.
- the metal element 20 of Example 2 is iron (Fe).
- the metal element 20 with respect to the silicon particles 10 is about 5 ppmw.
- the metal with respect to the silicon particles in the comparative example is less than 0.1 ppmw, or more narrowly, below the detection limit when an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer is used.
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the time change of hydrogen generated by the reaction between the composite material 100 of Examples 1 and 2 and the silicon particles of Comparative Example and the water-containing liquid.
- Example 1 As shown in FIG. 2, among the composite materials 100, in Example 1, not only the amount of hydrogen generated (591 mL (milliliter) / g (gram)) is large, but also immediately after hydrogen is generated (particularly, in particular). It was revealed that the amount of hydrogen (mL / g) per unit mass (within 2 to 3 hours after hydrogen generation) was very large. Specifically, the amount of hydrogen generated up to 3 hours after the generation of hydrogen was a very high value of about 385 mL / g. It is worth noting that, as in Example 1, high hydrogen generating ability can be exhibited for a long time of 40 hours or more (at least 48 hours in one example) from the start of hydrogen generation.
- Example 2 shows that the composite materials 100, in Example 2, not only the total amount generated (368 mL / g) is relatively large, but also the unit mass immediately after hydrogen is generated (particularly within 2 to 3 hours after hydrogen generation). It became clear that the amount of hydrogen per unit (mL / g) was relatively large. Specifically, the amount of hydrogen generated up to 3 hours after the generation of hydrogen was a relatively high value of about 170 mL / g. It is worth noting that, as in Example 2, a high hydrogen generating ability can be exhibited for a long time of 40 hours or more (at least 48 hours in one example) from the start of hydrogen generation.
- the carrying step of the first embodiment is not performed, not only the amount of hydrogen generated (309 mL / g) is smaller than that of the composite material 100, but also immediately after hydrogen is generated (particularly, in particular). It was revealed that the amount of hydrogen (mL / g) per unit mass (within 2 to 3 hours after hydrogen generation) was the smallest. Specifically, the amount of hydrogen generated up to 3 hours after the generation of hydrogen was as low as about 75 mL / g.
- the inventor of the present application adopts iron (Fe) as the metal element 20 and sets the mass ratio of the metal element 20 to the silicon particles 10 to be about the same as in Example 1.
- Fe iron
- the amount of hydrogen per unit mass (mL / g) was examined for the cases of 0.5 ppmw, about 1.5 ppmw, and about 2.0 ppmw, in each case, immediately after hydrogen was generated (particularly, hydrogen generation).
- the amount of hydrogen (mL / g) (so to speak, hydrogen generation rate) per unit mass (within 2 to 3 hours after that) showed a higher value than that of the comparative example.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional TEM image showing the film thickness of each silicon oxide of the composite material (a) and comparative example (b) of Example 1 described above.
- the film thickness of silicon oxide (about 113.9 nm) of the composite material 100 of Example 1 is the film thickness of silicon oxide of Comparative Example. It was confirmed that the thickness was 17 times or more that of (about 6.4 nm).
- the detailed mechanism is not clear at this time, it is considered that a part of the metal element 20 on the surface of the silicon particles 10 exerts a catalytic effect.
- the hydrogen generation reaction is promoted as compared with the case where the metal element 20 is absent, and as a result, the film thickness of the silicon suboxide and / or the film thickness of the mixed composition of the silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide. It is considered that a situation can be formed in which it is easy to increase (in other words, it is easy to cause a hydrogen generation reaction).
- the silicon particle 10 by supporting, adhering to, or adsorbing the metal element 20 on at least a part of the surface of the silicon particle 10, or by adopting a composite material in which the surface and the metal element 20 are chemically bonded, the silicon particle 10
- the film thickness of the silicon suboxide covering at least a part of the surface of the silicon suboxide and / or the film thickness of the mixed composition of the silicon suboxide and silicon dioxide is larger than the film thickness of the conventional silicon fine particles.
- the fact that the film thickness is large makes the reaction in which silicon and water (or water in a water-containing liquid) come into contact with each other to form silicon oxide and hydrogen, as compared with conventional silicon fine particles. It shows that it can occur high.
- the surface of the silicon particles 10 carries the metal element 20 in the numerical range of 0.1 ppmw or more and 1000 ppmw or less with respect to the silicon particles 10, or the surface thereof.
- the composite material 100 in which the metal element 20 in the numerical range and the metal element 20 in the numerical range are chemically bonded it is possible to greatly contribute to more strongly generating the hydrogen generating ability of the composite material 100. For example, a large amount of hydrogen is generated quickly and for a long time depending on the situation in a human or animal body, or in a space containing various waters or in a water-containing liquid, or it greatly contributes to drawing out a large amount of hydrogen with higher accuracy. Can be done.
- the surface of the silicon particles is further modified by contacting the surface with hydrogen peroxide solution after the crushing step is performed and before the supporting step is performed. It is also a preferable aspect to carry out a reforming step for performing quality.
- the silicon particles containing the silicon nanoparticles can be made hydrophilic when viewed macroscopically.
- the silicon particles are immersed in a hydrogen peroxide solution (for example, about 10 ° C. to about 80 ° C., about 20 ° C. to about 50 ° C. from the viewpoint of realizing lower cost) contained in a known container. Thereby, the reforming step can be performed.
- the amount of hydrogen generated in the case where the above-mentioned reforming step with the hydrogen peroxide solution is performed is larger than the amount of hydrogen generated under the condition that the carrying step in the first embodiment is not performed. It has been confirmed that the amount of hydrogen generated in the composite material 100 (without the reforming step with the hydrogen peroxide solution) of the first embodiment described above is larger.
- the same modification can be realized by immersing the silicon particles in ozone water and / or sodium percarbonate instead of the hydrogen peroxide solution.
- similar modification can be achieved by contacting the silicon particles with at least one selected from the group of hydrogen peroxide solution, ozone water, and sodium percarbonate.
- the composite material 100 having a stable silicon suboxide and a pH adjuster such as sodium hydrogen carbonate are separately not dissolved under acidic conditions, but are dissolved under basic conditions, such as nanocapsules, microcapsules, ordinary capsules, or coatings. Is a preferred embodiment.
- the composite material 100 of the above-mentioned first embodiment or modifications (1) to (2) of the first embodiment can be utilized as, for example, a pharmaceutical product (medicinal product) or a quasi-drug.
- the application examples are not limited to tablets.
- a capsule containing a powdery composite material 100 in a capsule is used instead of the tablet, the same effect as described above can be obtained.
- the composite material 100 can generate a large amount of hydrogen when it is in the form of a powder having a large surface area rather than in the form of a lump, but it is easier to take it orally or through the anus by making it into a tablet or a capsule.
- the surface area of the composite material 100 exposed to the gastric juice and / or the contents of the stomach is reduced, and in the small intestine and / or the large intestine where the hydrogen generation reaction is desired to be promoted, the water-containing liquid is used.
- the exposed surface area can be increased.
- the composite material 100 may be a pharmaceutical product of granules.
- Granule preparations are powdery at an earlier stage after ingestion or anal ingestion compared to tablets and capsules.
- gastric juice has a low pH value (about 1.5), so even if it reaches the stomach and immediately becomes powdery, it hardly generates hydrogen, and in the presence of water after passing through the stomach. To generate hydrogen.
- the composite material 100 may be a powder.
- the powder is easy to handle when the composite material 100 is used as a constituent component of a food including a health food, for example, as a food additive.
- silicon fine particles 10 having a crystallite diameter of 1 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, or 1 nm or more and 500 nm or less (more narrowly, 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less) can be mixed and used as the composite material 100.
- the silicon fine particles 10 are preferably contained in an amount of 1% by mass or more. Although there is no upper limit to the content of the silicon fine particles 10, it is preferably 40% by mass or less in consideration of the taste.
- An example of a coating layer applicable to a tablet is a known poorly soluble gastrointestinal enteric material, which is a coating agent covering the outermost layer of a tablet.
- An example of a coating layer applicable to a capsule is the capsule itself, which contains the composite material 100 and is manufactured from a known poorly soluble gastrointestinal material.
- examples of a suitable formulation as an example of utilization of the composite material 100 are tablets, which are lumpy preparations that are easy to ingest in a sufficient amount orally or easily ingested from the anus, or powdery composite material 100 (aggregates). It is a capsule containing a capsule containing (which may include the one in the state of).
- a disintegrant may be further contained.
- a known material can be adopted.
- a more preferred example of a disintegrant is an organic acid, the most preferred example is citric acid.
- the organic acid can also function as a binder that agglomerates the silicon particles 10.
- the composite material 100 can also be used as, for example, a granular, flaky, and / or rag-shaped food topping material (typically, "sprinkle") for each food material.
- the composite material 100 of the above-mentioned first embodiment or modifications (1) to (3) of the first embodiment is percutaneously used, for example, by using a "medium” that is brought into contact with the composite material 100.
- a "medium” that is brought into contact with the composite material 100.
- hydrogen can be taken into the body (including the skin itself or the mucous membrane itself) transmucosally.
- the medium of this modification is not particularly limited to materials or products. Any physiologically acceptable medium can produce the effects of this variant. Therefore, a material provided with the composite material 100 and the medium in contact with the composite material 100 can exhibit a function as a hydrogen supply material.
- a human part comes into contact with water (or a water-containing liquid) or a medium containing the water (or a water-containing liquid) (hereinafter, collectively referred to as "medium").
- suitable vehicles are at least one selected from the liquid, gel, cream, paste, emulsion, and mousse groups.
- An example of another suitable medium is bath water (preferably alkaline bath water). Therefore, in one example of this modification, the production of the bath water is the method for producing the medium.
- tap water is typically stored as bathing water in a general bathtub (including a public bathtub, a public bathtub, and an indoor or outdoor bathtub installed by an inn).
- a general bathtub including a public bathtub, a public bathtub, and an indoor or outdoor bathtub installed by an inn.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) is generated by arranging or putting the above-mentioned composite material in the bathtub and performing a contact step of bringing the composite material 100 into contact with the bath water as a medium. Therefore, the composite material 100 of this modified example can be adopted as a so-called bath agent.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) generated by the above-mentioned contact step can be brought into contact with the human skin and / or mucous membrane to be bathed via bath water as a physiologically acceptable medium.
- the composite material 100 of the above-mentioned first embodiment or each modification thereof is, for example, a layered body in which the composite material 100 is formed in layers, or a layered body in which the composite material 100 is contained in the base material formed in layers. Is another aspect that can be adopted. Therefore, the layered body can exert a function as a hydrogen supply material.
- the laminated structure 200 of the layered body and the medium is used. Can be formed.
- FIG. 4A is a side view showing a laminated structure 200 of the layered body and the medium before generating hydrogen
- FIG. 4B is a laminated structure of the layered body and the medium when hydrogen is generated. It is a side view which shows 200.
- the above-mentioned laminated structure 200 is formed on or above the base 40 (for example, fiber, natural resin, synthetic resin, metal, semiconductor, ceramics, or glass).
- the layered body 30 and the medium 60 are provided.
- a preferred example of the medium 60 is at least one material that is physiologically acceptable and is selected from the liquid, gel, cream, paste, emulsion, and mousse groups. ..
- the medium 60 can contain a pH adjuster typified by sodium hydrogen carbonate. It is a preferable aspect that the base 40 has elasticity. Further, when the laminated structure 200 of the layered body 30 and the medium 60 can be held even if the base portion 40 is not provided, the base portion 40 does not necessarily have to be provided.
- an impermeable membrane 50 is provided between the layered body 30 and the medium 60 so that the layered body 30 and the medium 60 do not come into contact with each other before hydrogen is generated.
- a membrane formed from a known impermeable material can be used as the membrane 50.
- an example of the material of the impermeable membrane 50 is a known polymer such as polyethylene.
- the film 50 is pulled out in the arrow direction (leftward on the paper surface) so that the layered body 30 and the medium 60 are in direct contact with each other, but the method for removing the film 50 is not particularly limited.
- the medium 60 is formed so as to be in contact with the composite material 100 (layered body 30 in this embodiment).
- a material for dissolving at least a part of the membrane 50 for example, it is also adopted to adopt a sheet having water solubility and water impermeability disclosed in International Publication No. WO2011 / 036992. This is one aspect of obtaining.
- the composite material 100 of the above-mentioned first embodiment or a modified example thereof is covered with an impermeable film 50. Can be done. If at least a part of the composite material 100 and the medium 60 comes into direct contact with each other by removing or dissolving the film 50, the same effect as in the case of the layered body 30 can be obtained.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a foam 300 containing or containing a composite material 100.
- the foam component for face washing formed by spraying from a known face wash spray can constitutes the medium 60, and the foam component contains or contains the composite material 100.
- the spray can is configured so as not to come into contact with moisture in the air.
- the medium comprises a physiologically acceptable adhesive, for example to adhere to a human site.
- the layered body 30 in which the composite material 100 is formed in layers may be a single layered body 30 or a laminated structure of the base 40 and the layered body 30. Can also be adopted.
- the structure 400 as an example shown in FIG. 6 includes a layered body 30 on the base 40. If the shape of the layered body can be maintained even if the base 40 is not provided, the base 40 does not necessarily have to be provided. Further, from the viewpoint of avoiding contact with moisture in the air with high accuracy, the impermeable film 50 may be provided so as to cover the layered body 30.
- the structure or laminated structure that can be adopted in the second embodiment and its modified example (1) is a structure that can be adopted in various "living situations".
- typical product examples in which the medium can be adopted (included) are the following (A) to (D).
- B Skin with lotion (for example, one containing hyaluronic acid), beauty liquid, milky lotion, lotion, cosmetic cream (for example, one containing collagen), foundation, skin packing agent (gel (or gel-like agent))
- a therapeutic material selected from the group of ointments and poultices.
- D A type of sanitary material selected from the group of water-absorbent resin, water-absorbent non-woven fabric, water-absorbent fiber, water-absorbent felt, and water-absorbent gel (or gel-like agent).
- hair cosmetics include hair styling products, hair oils, camellia oils, styling products (charges), sets (charges), blows (charges), brushing (charges), tics, hair sticks, hair waxes, hair foams, etc.
- hair gels pomades, hair creams, hair solids, hair lacquers, hair liquids, hair sprays and hair waters.
- sanitary materials include sanitary gloves, head covers, head bands, bed pads, bed sheets, adult incontinence products, menstrual products, clothing, wound care products (including wound covering materials, tapes, and bandages).
- disposable diapers including adult and pediatric diapers, gauze, gowns, sanitary napkins (including squeezers, wash towels, patches, wet tissues, and napkins), degreased cotton, cotton swabs, adhesive plasters, and surgical tape.
- the composite material 100 of each of the above-described embodiments or modifications thereof includes, for example, animals (dogs, cats, horses, sheep, rabbits or chickens) for breeding (including breeding on a ranch in the present application). (Excluding fish), food animals, animals whose hair or skin can be used for clothing or leather products (including pouches, various cases, or bags), etc. (foxes, bears, deer, snakes, or crocodile) It can also be used as a feed for animals (including), animals used for medical purposes, or fish including fish for cultivation. Furthermore, it can also be used as an industrial chemical or a chemical.
- the composite material 100 of each of the above-described embodiments or modifications thereof can also be used as a human supplement or a food additive.
- the composite material of each of the above-described embodiments or modifications thereof has a hydrogen generating ability, it is worth noting that it can exert an antiseptic function on various foods or materials. For example, by bringing a fresh food containing vegetables, fruits, fresh fish, and meat into contact with water containing the composite material 100 or water in which the composite material 100 is immersed, the fresh food can be made to last longer. Further, by immersing or containing the composite material 100 in various cosmetics or various cosmetics containing water (moisture)-containing perfume, milky lotion, cream, or lotion, the cosmetic or the cosmetic is made to last for a long time. Can be done.
- the composite material of each of the above-described embodiments or modifications thereof can form an agglomerate having a diameter of ⁇ m level (for example, several tens of ⁇ m or more) by agglomerating in a natural state.
- agglomerate having a diameter of ⁇ m level (for example, several tens of ⁇ m or more) by agglomerating in a natural state.
- the formulation may also be applied to plants (including trees).
- the soil is utilized as a medium containing a water-containing liquid by embedding the compound in the soil (containing water) in which the plant is planted or grows naturally. do.
- Hydrogen (H 2 ) is generated by contacting the formulation with soil as a medium.
- the plant in contact with the soil is able to take up hydrogen into the body via its roots, stems, or exodermis.
- the sugar content can be improved.
- a typical example of the water content of this embodiment is rainwater or artificial water.
- the number or amount of the compound in the soil is not particularly limited.
- Another embodiment of the present embodiment is also to bring the compound into contact with the water-containing liquid by introducing or putting the compound into a naturally occurring or artificial puddle (medium). Can be adopted as.
- Hydrogen (H 2 ) is generated by contacting the compound with a water-containing liquid.
- H 2 Hydrogen
- the animal comes into contact with or soaks in the above-mentioned puddle, it can be realized that the animal takes in hydrogen into the body through the water-containing liquid.
- excess active oxygen particularly hydroxyl radical
- Health promotion and / or disease prevention of the animal can be realized.
- the pH value of the above-mentioned water pool is higher than the weakly acidic pH value (for example, the pH value is 5 or more)
- the mixture of the formulation of the present embodiment and sodium hydrogen carbonate can be used.
- the pH value becomes high, and the condition as a medium that easily generates hydrogen (H 2) can be satisfied.
- a water-containing liquid such as a puddle is acidic
- a large amount of the mixture should be introduced or put into the soil in order to satisfy the condition as a medium that easily generates hydrogen (H 2). Is required.
- the formulation is used as a medium.
- the composite material 100 is brought into contact with the medium through a contact step. As a result, the generation of hydrogen (H 2 ) can be promoted.
- the hydrogen (H 2 ) produced by the above contact steps can be applied to the skin and / or mucous membranes of animals, or to the leaves, stems, exodermis, and / of plants. Alternatively, it can be brought into contact with the root.
- the uptake of hydrogen (H 2 ) into the body of an animal or a plant For example, for animals, it can exert an aging-suppressing function.
- the hydrogen can exert a function of suppressing corrosion.
- the present invention is not limited to the case where the composite material 100 or the compound is used as it is.
- a mode in which the composite material 100 or the formulation is contained in a "base material” such as, for example, a veterinary drug, a livestock or pet food, or an animal feed, or a plant drug, a plant fertilizer, or a plant compost.
- the embodiment blended in the "base material” is also a preferred embodiment that can be adopted.
- the composite material 100 or the compound is mixed or kneaded with, for example, 0.1 wt% to 50 wt% as an additive in the base material.
- the above-mentioned “base material” is a “mixture” in a broad sense in the present embodiment. .. Therefore, as a suitable means for an animal or plant to take hydrogen into the body, for example, percutaneously or transmucosally, it may be adopted that the above-mentioned base material is in contact with a medium.
- the composite material 100 of each of the above-described embodiments and modifications thereof is brought into contact with, for example, a first water-containing liquid having a pH value of less than 7 in the first contact step (first contact step), and then in the contact step (first contact step).
- it can be brought into contact with a second water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more, and hydrogen can be generated in the second contact step.
- the composite material 100 of each of the above-described embodiments has a remarkable hydrogen generating ability when it comes into contact with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 7 or more (more preferably more than 7 and more preferably 8.2 or more). Can be done.
- the temperature conditions of the second water-containing liquid for hydrogen generation described above are not limited. Although it may depend on the pH of the second water-containing liquid, if the temperature of the second water-containing liquid is 80 ° C. or lower, the accuracy is high and hydrogen generation can be promoted.
- the upper limit of the temperature of the second water-containing liquid is not originally limited. For example, when the composite material 100 of each of the above-described embodiments and modifications thereof is used as an industrial chemical, the temperature may exceed 50 ° C. However, the higher the temperature, the higher the heat resistance of the equipment (including the container) is required, and there are problems that care must be taken in handling. Therefore, even when used as an industrial chemical, it is preferably used at 100 ° C. or lower.
- the composite material of the present invention can be used in agriculture, agriculture and livestock, forestry, fisheries, pet industry, bonsai or fresh flower industry, medicine (including non-pharmaceutical products) and medical industry, food industry, veterinary doctor. It can be widely used in various industries including industry and tree medicine, cosmetics, or industries dealing with industrial reducing agents, rust preventive applications, and synthetic processes of industrial chemicals, as well as new energy industries such as fuel cells. ..
Abstract
Description
<第1の実施形態>
本実施形態の複合材100、及び複合材100の製造方法について詳述する。図1は、本実施形態の複合材100の模式図である。図1に示すように、本実施形態の複合材100は、水素発生能を有する、シリコン粒子又はシリコン微細粒子(以下、総称して「シリコン粒子」ともいう。)10と、シリコン粒子10の表面の少なくとも一部に担持している、付着している、又は吸着している、あるいは該表面と化学結合している、生理学的に許容可能な又は医学的に許容可能な金属元素20(以下、総称して、「生理学的に許容可能な金属元素20」という。)と、を備える。
次に、本実施形態の複合材100の製造方法を説明する。また、複合材100と水含有液との反応過程において測定又は観察された複合材100の表面、及び該表面を覆う酸化シリコン膜について説明する。
本実施形態においては、例えば市販の高純度シリコン粒子粉末(粒径300μm以下,純度99.999%,i型シリコン)を、複合材100の原料の一部として用いる。なお、本実施形態の他の一態様においては、前述の純度よりも高純度、又は低純度のシリコン粒子粉末を採用することができる。
本実施形態の粉砕工程(第1粉砕工程又は第2粉砕工程)と、後述する金属元素の担持工程との間に、分級工程が行われることも本実施形態の一態様である。具体的には、結晶子径が1μm未満のシリコン微細粒子10及びシリコン微細粒子10の凝集体の、全てのシリコン粒子10、シリコン微細粒子10及びそれらの該凝集体に対する割合が、5質量%以下(より好適には3質量%以下、さらに好適には1質量%以下、さらに好適には0.5質量%以下、さらに好適には0.2質量%以下)となるように、気流法を用いて、1μm未満の結晶子径のシリコン微細粒子10及びシリコン微細粒子10の凝集体がほぼ除去される。なお、シリコン粒子10に対して「結晶子径」という用語を採用するのとは異なり、シリコン粒子10の凝集体に対しては、その全体の径を表す用語として「結晶粒径」を用いる。
次に、シリコン粒子10に金属元素20を担持、付着、又は吸着させる工程、又は金属元素20とシリコン粒子10の表面とを化学結合させる化学結合工程(以下、総称して「担持工程」という。)が行われる。
その後、本発明者は、水含有液と複合材100とを接触させる接触工程を行うことによる水素(H2)の発生総量(生成総量)及び水素の発生速度(生成速度)を分析するため、複合材100をpH調整剤として炭酸水素ナトリウムを溶質とする水溶液であって、ヒトの体温相当の温度(37℃)の水含有液(pH値は8.2)に浸漬させた。
以下、第1の実施形態をより詳細に説明するために、実施例を挙げて説明するが、第1の実施形態はこれらの例によって限定されるものではない。
実施例1は、シリコン粒子10の表面の一部が金属元素20を担持している、又は該表面と金属元素20とが化学結合している複合材100である。なお、実施例1の金属元素20は鉄(Fe)である。また、実施例1における質量比については、シリコン粒子10に対する金属元素20が、約10ppmwである。
実施例2も、実施例1と同様に、シリコン粒子10の表面の一部が金属元素20を担持している、又は該表面と金属元素20とが化学結合している複合材100である。なお、実施例2の金属元素20は鉄(Fe)である。また、実施例2における質量比については、シリコン粒子10に対する金属元素20が、約5ppmwである。
さらに、本発明者は、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて、上述の実施例1の複合材100と上述の水含有液との反応、及び上述の比較例のシリコン粒子と上述の水含有液との反応によって形成された該表面を覆う酸化シリコン膜を分析した。図3は、上述の実施例1の複合材(a)及び比較例(b)の、各酸化シリコンの膜厚を示す断面TEM像である。
上述の第1の実施形態において、粉砕工程が行われた後であって、担持工程が行われる前に、シリコン粒子の表面を、さらに、過酸化水素水に接触させることにより、該表面の改質を行う改質工程を行うことも好適な一態様である。この改質工程によって、シリコンナノ粒子を含むシリコン粒子は、巨視的に見たときに、親水性にすることが可能となる。例えば、公知の容器中に収容した過酸化水素水(例えば、約10℃~約80℃、より低コストを実現する観点では約20℃~約50℃)の中に、該シリコン粒子を浸漬させることによって、改質工程を行うことができる。
また、本変形例においては、第1の実施形態、又は第1の実施形態の変形例(1)の複合材100の500mgを、炭酸水素ナトリウム粉末(和光純薬株式会社製、純度99.5%)約500mgと混合する。この混合物を混錬し、打錠法を用いて、直径約8mm、高さ約4mmの円柱型の塊状体としての錠剤(例えば、医薬用又は医薬部外品用の錠剤)を得ることができる。なお、錠剤は、塊状製剤の一例である。なお、安定なシリコンサブオキサイドを有する複合材100及び炭酸水素ナトリウム等のpH調整剤を別々に酸性下では溶解せず、塩基性下では溶解する、ナノカプセル、マイクロカプセル、通常のカプセル、又はコーティングを行うことは好適な一態様である。前述の態様を採用することにより、酸性条件における水分の存在下での反応を回避して、塩基性で水分の存在下において、溶解して複合材100と水とが反応することを促すことが可能となる。
なお、上述の第1の実施形態又は第1の実施形態の変形例(1)~(2)の複合材100は、例えば、製剤(医薬用)又は医薬部外品として活用することができる。加えて、その活用例は、錠剤に限定されない。例えば、錠剤の代わりに、粉状の複合材100をカプセルに内包させたカプセル剤を採用した場合であっても、上述の効果と同様の効果が奏され得る。複合材100は、塊状でなく表面積の大きな粉状である方が多くの水素を発生させ得るが、錠剤又はカプセル剤にすることより、経口摂取又は肛門からの摂取が容易になる。また、錠剤又はカプセル剤にすることにより、胃内ではある程度、塊状を保つ一方、胃を通過した後は崩壊が進み粉状を呈するようになる。このため水素発生反応を抑制したい胃内においては、複合材100が胃液及び/又は胃の内容物に曝される表面積を少なくし、水素発生反応を促進したい小腸及び/又は大腸において水含有液に曝される表面積を多くすることができる。
また、上述の第1の実施形態又は第1の実施形態の変形例(1)~(3)の複合材100は、例えば、複合材100に接触させる「媒体」を用いることにより、経皮的又は経粘膜的に水素を体内(皮膚自身又は粘膜自身を含む)に取り込むことが可能となる。なお、本変形例の媒体は、特に材料又は商品を限定しない。生理学的に許容可能な媒体であれば、本変形例の効果を奏し得る。従って、複合材100と、複合材100に接する該媒体とを備えるものは、水素供給材としての機能を発揮し得る。
また、上述の第1の実施形態又はその各変形例の複合材100は、例えば、複合材100を層状に形成した層状体、又は層状に形成された母材中に複合材100を含む層状体も、採用し得る他の一態様である。従って、該層状体は、水素供給材としての機能を発揮し得る。
上述の第2の実施形態の1つの変形例として、複合材100を層状に形成した層状体30は、層状体30単体としても、基部40と層状体30との積層構造としても、いずれであっても採用され得る。図6に示す一例としての構造体400は、基部40上に層状体30を備えている。なお、基部40を備えていなくても層状体の形状を保持し得る場合は、基部40を必ずしも設ける必要はない。また、空気中の水分との接触を確度高く回避する観点から、不透水性の膜50が層状体30を覆うように設けられてもよい。
(A)洗顔料、ヘアシャンプー、ボディシャンプー、液体ハンドソープ、及び液体ボディソープの群から選択される1種の洗浄剤。
(B)化粧水(例えば、ヒアルロン酸を含むもの)、美容液、乳液、ローション、化粧用クリーム(例えば、コラーゲンを含むもの)、ファンデーション、皮膚パック剤(ジェル(又はゲル状剤)を有する皮膚パック剤を含む)、シェービングクリーム、ヘアリンス、ヘアトリートメント、ヘアコンディショナー、頭髪化粧料、制汗剤、及び紫外線防御用化粧料の群から選択される1種の化粧用材料。
(C)軟膏及び湿布剤の群から選択される1種の治療用材料。
(D)吸水性樹脂、吸水性不織布、吸水性繊維、吸水性フエルト、及び吸水性ジェル(又はゲル状剤)の群から選択される1種の衛生材料。
また、上述の各実施形態又はその各変形例の複合材100は、例えば、飼育用(本願においては、牧場における飼養を含む)の動物(犬、猫、馬、羊、うさぎ又は鶏を含み、魚類を除く。)、食料用の動物、該動物の毛又は皮が衣料又は革製品(ポーチ、各種ケース、又はバッグを含む)等に利用され得る動物(キツネ、熊、鹿、ヘビ、又はワニを含む)、医療用として活用される動物、又は、養殖用の魚類を含む魚類などの飼料として使用することもできる。さらに、工業用薬品又は薬剤として使用することもできる。
また、上述の各実施形態又はその各変形例の複合材は、自然な状態において凝集することによってμmレベル(例えば、数十μm以上)の径の大きさの凝集体を構成し得る。この凝集体又は結合剤の添加や圧縮等により、人為的に複合材100を集合させることによって、ヒトの指によってつまめる程度の大きさの塊状の固体の製剤とした配合物を形成することができる。該配合物は、植物(樹木を含む)に対しても適用し得る。
ところで、上述の各実施形態及びその変形例の複合材100について、例えば、最初の接触工程(第1接触工程)においてpH値が7未満の第1水含有液に接触させ、その後の接触工程(第2接触工程)においてpH値が7以上の第2水含有液と接触させ、第2接触工程で水素を発生させることができる。なお、上述の各実施形態の複合材100は、pH値が7以上(より好適には7超、さらに好適には8.2以上)の水含有液に接触したときに著しい水素発生能を有し得る。
20 金属元素
30 層状体
40 基部
50 不透水性の膜
60 媒体
100 複合材
200 積層構造
300 複合材を含有する、又は備える泡
400 構造体
Claims (17)
- 水素発生能を有する、シリコン粒子又はシリコン微細粒子と、
該シリコン粒子又は該シリコン微細粒子の表面の少なくとも一部に担持している、付着している、又は吸着している、あるいは該表面と化学結合している鉄(Fe)と、を備える、
複合材。 - 前記シリコン粒子又は前記シリコン微細粒子を1としたときの前記鉄(Fe)の質量比が、0.1ppmw以上1000ppmw以下である、
請求項1に記載の複合材。 - 前記シリコン粒子又は前記シリコン微細粒子を1としたときの前記鉄(Fe)の質量比が、0.5ppmw以上1000ppmw以下である、
請求項1に記載の複合材。 - 結晶子径が1μm未満の該シリコン微細粒子及び該シリコン微細粒子の凝集体の、全ての該シリコン粒子、該シリコン微細粒子及びそれらの該凝集体に対する割合が、5質量%以下である、
請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の複合材。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合材を含む、
医薬品。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合材を含む、
医薬部外品。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合材を含む、
生理学的に許容可能な、該複合材に接する媒体と、を備える、
前記媒体を経由して該複合材から生成される水素を皮膚及び/又は粘膜に接触させるための、
水素供給材。 - 前記複合材、又は前記複合材を含む層を覆う不透水性の膜をさらに備え、
前記膜の少なくとも一部を除去したとき又は該膜の少なくとも一部が溶解したときに、前記媒体が該複合材に接する、
請求項7に記載の水素供給材。 - 前記媒体は、液状、ゲル状、クリーム状、ペースト状、乳液状、及びムース状の群から選択される少なくとも1種である、
請求項7又は請求項8に記載の水素供給材。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合材を含む、
飼料。 - 動物(魚類を除く)のための、
請求項10に記載の飼料。 - 魚類のための、
請求項10に記載の飼料。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合材を含む、
サプリメント。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合材を含む、
食品添加物。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合材を含む、
食品。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合材を、植物用医薬品、植物用肥料、又は植物用堆肥に配合した、
配合物。 - 請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の前記複合材を浸漬させた水、又は該複合材を備える水に接触させた、
生鮮食品、化粧品、又は香粧品。
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