WO2022259907A1 - シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の予防又は治療剤 - Google Patents
シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の予防又は治療剤 Download PDFInfo
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- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
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- A61P1/18—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for pancreatic disorders, e.g. pancreatic enzymes
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- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the prevention or treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity and acute pancreatitis.
- Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is a hepatitis caused by the accumulation of fat in the liver due to factors other than alcohol. It is mostly asymptomatic due to overeating and lack of exercise. Fatty liver in the prestage of NASH increases the risk of arteriosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke, and continued NASH increases the risk of liver cirrhosis and liver cancer, so early treatment is important. The main treatments are diet restriction and exercise therapy, and the development of therapeutic agents is urgently needed.
- Complications such as disuse muscle atrophy, pain, nerve paralysis, and circulatory disorders occur due to excessive rest, bedriddenness, and long-term immobility such as cast fixation as a conservative treatment for fractures.
- Long-term joint immobility is considered a risk factor for the development of intractable chronic pain such as Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS).
- CRPS Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics, acetaminophen, etc. are mainly used for pain treatment, but chronic pain such as CRPS may show resistance to drug treatment, and therapeutic agents with new mechanisms of action are required. ing.
- Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammatory disease in which activated pancreatic enzymes autolyze the pancreas and surrounding organs.
- the main causes are alcohol and gallstones, and symptoms such as severe upper abdominal pain, vomiting and fever are exhibited. In severe cases, it can lead to unconsciousness and shock.
- Severe acute pancreatitis is a disease with a high fatality rate in which inflammatory substances such as cytokines produced by autolysis spread throughout the body through the bloodstream, causing shock, respiratory failure, acute nephritis, and other organ damage.
- the main treatment for acute pancreatitis is nutritional management such as fasting and administration of fluids.
- protease inhibitor termexate mesylate
- Active oxygen is necessary for life support, it is known to oxidize and damage the cells that make up the living body.
- Active oxygen includes superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen.
- Hydroxyl radicals are radicals with extremely high oxidizing power, and when they occur in vivo, they can damage nearby substances such as DNA, lipids, It is known to oxidize proteins and the like and damage organs. Hydroxyl radicals are believed to cause various diseases such as cancer and lifestyle-related diseases, and aging due to such actions.
- Hydrogen is known as a substance that eliminates hydroxyl radicals generated in the body. Hydrogen reacts with hydroxyl radicals to produce water, which does not produce substances harmful to living organisms. Therefore, there are many reports on hydrogen water containing hydrogen that extinguishes hydroxyl radicals in the body.
- the saturated hydrogen concentration is 1.6 ppm at room temperature, and the amount of hydrogen contained in 1 liter of hydrogen water is only 18 ml (milliliter) in terms of gas even in a saturated state.
- hydrogen since hydrogen has a small molecular size, the hydrogen in the hydrogen water diffuses into the air through the container, making it difficult to maintain the amount of dissolved hydrogen in the hydrogen water.
- most of the hydrogen in the hydrogen water is gasified in the upper digestive tract such as the stomach, which may cause anorexia (so-called "belching"). Therefore, with the method of ingesting hydrogen water, it is not easy to take in a sufficient amount of hydrogen to react with hydroxyl radicals in the body.
- hydrogen even if hydrogen is absorbed and transported to each organ, its concentration returns to the concentration before ingestion of hydrogen water in about one hour. In addition, it is difficult to inhale gaseous hydrogen in daily life.
- Silicon fine particles can generate hydrogen when in contact with water. This reaction hardly progresses in contact with an acidic aqueous solution having a pH of less than 5, but proceeds in contact with an aqueous solution having a pH of 7 or higher, and proceeds more rapidly at a pH of 8 or higher. Moreover, the above reaction proceeds favorably by surface-treating the silicon microparticles. Furthermore, while the silicon microparticles are in contact with the aqueous solution, they continuously generate hydrogen for 20 hours or more, and depending on the conditions, 1 g of the silicon microparticles generates 400 ml or more of hydrogen (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, Non-Patent Document 2). Patent document 1). 400 ml of hydrogen corresponds to hydrogen contained in 22 liters of saturated hydrogen water.
- Patent Document 3 describes a solid preparation having silicon microparticles as a main component and having the ability to generate hydrogen. However, it is not described that diseases can be prevented or treated by silicon microparticles.
- Patent Document 4 describes a hydrogen supply material comprising a medium containing silicon fine particles and water. It describes supplying hydrogen to the skin or mucous membranes using the hydrogen supplying material. However, it is not described that diseases can be prevented or treated by silicon microparticles.
- Patent Document 5 describes treatment of silicon fine particles with hydrogen peroxide water. However, it is not described that diseases can be prevented or treated by silicon microparticles.
- US Pat. No. 6,200,300 describes formulations containing silicon microparticles, which are used in "base materials” such as veterinary medicines, livestock or pet foods, animal feeds, plant medicines, plant fertilizers, or plant composts. Aspects included in are listed. Although it describes health promotion and/or disease prevention in animals, it does not describe that the silicon microparticles can prevent or treat diseases to the extent that they can be used as pharmaceuticals.
- Patent Document 7 mainly describes a silicon oxide film formed on the surface of silicon fine particles. As a mode of use, feed, supplement, food additive, transdermal and/or transmucosal hydrogen uptake is described, and health promotion and/or disease prevention of animals is described. However, it is not described that silicon microparticles can prevent or treat diseases to the extent that they can be used as pharmaceuticals.
- Kidney disease inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, hepatitis, dermatitis, visceral discomfort, depression or depressive state, Parkinson's disease, autism spectrum disorder, memory impairment, spinal cord injury, hearing loss, cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, diabetes and With regard to hangovers, the present inventors discovered that silicon microparticles can prevent and treat these diseases and filed patent applications (Patent Documents 8 to 22).
- the objective of the present invention is to provide medicines, medical devices, foods, beverages, etc. for the prevention or treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis.
- silicon microparticles can prevent and/or treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis, and completed the present invention.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent according to the preceding item 1 wherein the disease is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
- 3. The preventive or therapeutic agent according to the preceding item 2 wherein the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. 4. 2.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent according to the preceding item 1 wherein the disease is pain associated with inactivity. 5.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent according to the preceding item 4 wherein the pain associated with inactivity is pain associated with musculoskeletal disuse syndrome. 6.
- a medical device for preventing or treating a disease containing silicon microparticles wherein the disease is at least one disease selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity and acute pancreatitis. Medical equipment. 14.
- a food or beverage containing silicon microparticles for prevention or treatment of a disease wherein the disease is at least one disease selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity and acute pancreatitis. food or beverage that is 15.
- a method for preventing or treating at least one disease selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis comprising administering silicon microparticles. 17.
- An agent for use in treating at least one disease selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis containing silicon microparticles.
- silicon microparticles for the preparation of a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for at least one disease selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis.
- silicon microparticles for the preparation of a therapeutic agent for at least one disease selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can prevent and treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention can prevent and treat liver dysfunction associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention can suppress fat accumulation in the liver.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can suppress liver fibrosis.
- the therapeutic agent of the present invention can suppress exacerbation of non-alcoholic fatty liver and prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can prevent and treat pain associated with inactivity.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention can prevent and treat pain associated with joint contracture and muscle atrophy.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can prevent and treat acute pancreatitis.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention can suppress the shedding of pancreatic acinar cells associated with acute pancreatitis, and can alleviate the infiltration of immune cells into the pancreatic tissue.
- Prevention and treatment with the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can be one of the causal therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis, and is highly effective and safe. . Long-term administration is also possible due to its excellent safety. Therefore, it will greatly contribute to future medical care.
- FIG. 1 is a photograph of silicon microparticles (a mixture of silicon crystallites and aggregates thereof) taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Example 2).
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the amount (cumulative amount) of hydrogen per 1 g of silicon microparticles generated by contacting the silicon microparticles obtained in Example 2 with water at 36° C. and pH 8.2.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of silicon microparticles (aggregates of silicon crystallites) taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Example 3).
- FIG. 4 shows blood total bilirubin concentrations in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model mice.
- FIG. 5 shows blood total bile acid concentrations in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model mice. It shows that administration of silicon microparticles significantly suppressed the blood total bile acid concentration and alleviated liver dysfunction.
- FIG. 5 shows blood total bile acid concentrations in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model mice. It shows that administration of silicon microparticles significantly suppressed the blood total bile acid concentration and alleviated liver dysfunction.
- FIG. 6 is a graph (b) showing a Sudan III-stained image of the liver of a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model mouse (a) and the ratio of the stained area to the entire tissue area. Neutral fat is stained orange-red. Administration of silicon microparticles significantly inhibited the accumulation of fat in the liver.
- Con control group
- FIG. 7 is an oil red stained image (a) of the liver of a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model mouse and a graph (b) showing the ratio of the stained area to the area of the entire tissue. In oil red staining, only lipid droplets of triglycerides are stained red.
- FIG. 8 is an HE-stained image (a) of the liver of a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model mouse and a graph (b) showing the degree of fat deposition (ratio of vacuole area to total tissue area).
- lipid droplets are observed as vacuoles.
- the flat white part is not a vacuole but a vascular lumen. Hepatocyte balloon-like swelling and fibrosis were observed in the liver of control mice.
- FIG. 11 is an HE-stained image of the pancreas of the severe acute pancreatitis model, showing the degree of pancreatic inflammation. Low magnification is shown on the left and high magnification is shown on the right. Infiltration of blood cells and loss of exocrine acinar cells observed in the pancreas of control mice were hardly observed in the pancreases of mice treated with silicon microparticles. Indicates that it is suppressed.
- FIG. 12 is a fluorescent immunostained image of the pancreas of a model of severe acute pancreatitis, showing the degree of infiltration of neutrophils (marker: Gr-1) and macrophages (marker: F4/80). Low magnification is shown on the left and high magnification is shown on the right. Neutrophil and macrophage infiltration was remarkable in the pancreas of control mice, but infiltration of neutrophils was not observed in the pancreas of mice treated with silicon microparticles, and a small number of macrophages infiltrated extracellularly. It shows that the infiltration of immune cells is suppressed.
- Con control mouse, Si: silicon microparticle-administered mouse
- the silicon microparticles contained in the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention are microparticles containing silicon alone, and can generate hydrogen when in contact with water.
- silicon fine particles capable of generating hydrogen means that hydrogen is continuously generated when in contact with an aqueous solution of pH 8.2 at 36°C. It means silicon microparticles capable of generating 10 ml or more of hydrogen per 1 gram of silicon microparticles in 24 hours. Preferably, it is 20 ml or more, 40 ml or more, 80 ml or more, 150 ml or more, 200 ml or more, or 300 ml or more.
- the silicon simple substance is high-purity silicon.
- high-purity silicon means that the purity of silicon is 98% or higher, preferably 99% or higher, more preferably 99.5% or higher, more preferably 99.9% or higher, more preferably 99.99%. Above, more preferably 99.999% or more silicon.
- the silicon microparticles contained in the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention are preferably silicon microparticles, aggregates of the silicon microparticles, and/or porous silicon particles.
- the active ingredient of the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention is preferably at least one particle selected from the group consisting of silicon microparticles, aggregates of the silicon microparticles, and porous silicon particles. That is, the preferred active ingredient may be silicon microparticles alone, silicon microparticle aggregates alone, or porous silicon particles alone. Moreover, two or more kinds of silicon microparticles may be included as active ingredients.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention preferably contains silicon microparticles and/or aggregates of the silicon microparticles. More preferably, the main component is an aggregate of fine silicon particles.
- Silicon microparticles in the present invention are preferably microparticles having a silicon oxide film formed on the surface thereof.
- Preferred silicon microparticles in the present invention are microparticles made of silicon simple substance and having a silicon oxide film formed on the surface thereof, aggregates of the silicon microparticles, and particles composed of porous silicon simple substance. and at least one particle selected from the group consisting of porous silicon particles having a silicon oxide film formed on the surface thereof.
- the content of silicon in the silicon microparticles is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 20% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, and most preferably 70% by weight or more.
- the silicon oxide film is preferably a silicon oxide film to which a hydroxyl group (--OH group) is added.
- a silicon oxide film to which hydroxyl groups are added is a silicon oxide film that has undergone treatment to increase the number of hydroxyl groups in the silicon oxide film.
- hydroxyl groups can be added to the silicon oxide film by hydrophilization treatment. Silicon fine particles on which a silicon oxide film to which hydroxyl groups are added have improved contact efficiency between the surface and water, promoting the hydrogen generation reaction, and can generate a large amount of hydrogen.
- the hydrophilic treatment method is not particularly limited, and a known hydrophilic treatment method may be used. Examples thereof include hydrogen peroxide water treatment and nitric acid treatment. Hydrogen peroxide water treatment is preferred. Hydrogen peroxide treatment can remove hydrogen from the SiH groups of the silicon oxide film on the particle surface and add hydroxyl groups to the particle surface.
- the silicon fine particles having the surface formed with the silicon oxide film to which hydroxyl groups are added preferably have hydroxyl groups of 5 ⁇ 10 13 /cm 2 or more on the surface. More preferably, it has hydroxyl groups of 1 ⁇ 10 14 /cm 2 or more. More preferably, it has hydroxyl groups of 3 ⁇ 10 14 /cm 2 or more.
- the particle surface means the surface of silicon microparticles, the surface of porous silicon particles, the surface of aggregates of silicon microparticles, and the surface of silicon microparticles forming aggregates.
- a specific method for hydrogen peroxide water treatment is, for example, to immerse silicon fine particles in hydrogen peroxide water and stir.
- the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is preferably 1-30%, more preferably 1.5-20%, still more preferably 2-15%, 2.5-10%, and most preferably 3-5%.
- the time for immersion and stirring is preferably 5 to 90 minutes, more preferably 10 to 80 minutes, still more preferably 20 to 70 minutes. Most preferably 30 to 60 minutes.
- Hydrophilicity of the silicon microparticles can be improved by treating with hydrogen peroxide solution, but if the treatment time is prolonged, the hydrogen generation reaction from the silicon microparticles progresses and the thickness of the oxide film of the silicon microparticles increases.
- the temperature of the hydrogen peroxide solution during the hydrogen peroxide solution treatment is preferably 20 to 60°C, more preferably 25 to 50°C, more preferably 30 to 40°C, most preferably 35°C.
- silicon microparticles There is no limit to the shape of silicon microparticles. Examples include amorphous, polygonal, spherical, elliptical, and cylindrical shapes.
- the silicon microparticles may be crystalline silicon microparticles having crystallinity. Alternatively, they may be amorphous silicon microparticles having no crystallinity. If it has crystallinity, it may be single crystal or polycrystal. Crystalline silicon microparticles are preferred, and single-crystal silicon microparticles are more preferred.
- the amorphous silicon microparticles may be amorphous silicon microparticles formed by a plasma CVD method, a laser ablation method, or the like.
- the silicon oxide film formed on the surface of the silicon fine particles in the present invention may be a silicon oxide film formed by being exposed to the atmosphere and naturally oxidized. Alternatively, it may be a silicon oxide film artificially formed by a known method such as chemical oxidation using an oxidizing agent such as nitric acid.
- the thickness of the silicon oxide film may be such a thickness that stabilizes fine particles composed of simple silicon and enables efficient generation of hydrogen. For example, 0.3 nm to 5 nm, 0.3 nm to 3 nm, 0.5 nm to 2.5 nm, 0.7 nm to 2 nm, 0.8 nm to 1.8 nm, 1.0 nm to 1.7 nm.
- the silicon oxide film can be a film containing an oxide such as Si 2 O, SiO, Si 2 O 3 , SiO 2 or the like, which is produced when silicon on the surface of fine particles made of silicon alone bonds with oxygen. Incompletely oxidized silicon oxides such as Si 2 O, SiO, and Si 2 O 3 accelerate the hydrogen evolution reaction.
- the silicon microparticles may be crystalline silicon microparticles having crystallinity. Also, it may be amorphous silicon microparticles having no crystallinity. If it has crystallinity, it may be single crystal or polycrystal.
- Preferred silicon microparticles are crystalline silicon microparticles, more preferably monocrystalline silicon microparticles (hereinafter also referred to as silicon crystallites).
- the silicon microparticles in the present invention can be silicon microparticles on which a silicon oxide film is formed naturally or artificially after the silicon microparticles are manufactured. More preferable silicon microparticles are microparticles in which a silicon oxide film is formed on the surface of silicon crystallites.
- the fine silicon particles in the present invention may be particles obtained by pulverizing lumps of silicon alone (high-purity silicon) or particles obtained by pulverizing particles of silicon alone.
- the surfaces of the silicon microparticles are naturally oxidized to form a silicon oxide film.
- the particle diameter of the silicon fine particles in the present invention is preferably 0.5 nm or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 nm or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 nm or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. 5 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 2 nm or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 2.5 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less, 5 nm or more and 500 nm or less, 7.5 nm or more and 200 nm or less, 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less. If the particle size is 500 nm or less, a favorable hydrogen generation rate and hydrogen generation amount can be obtained, and if it is 200 nm or less, a more favorable hydrogen generation rate and hydrogen generation amount can be obtained.
- the aggregate of silicon fine particles in the present invention is an aggregate of the silicon fine particles. It may be naturally formed or artificially formed. Preferably, it is an agglomeration of fine silicon particles with a silicon oxide film formed thereon. Spontaneously formed aggregates are believed to remain aggregated within the gastrointestinal tract.
- a preferred aggregate has a structure in which water molecules can penetrate into the aggregate and react with fine particles inside with voids inside. Since the hydrogen generation rate of naturally formed aggregates does not depend on the size of the aggregates, the aggregates have voids inside and water molecules can enter the aggregates and react with the fine particles inside. have
- the size of the aggregates of silicon fine particles is 50 nm or more and 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameter of the silicon fine particles constituting the aggregate of silicon fine particles in the present invention is preferably 0.5 nm or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 nm or more and 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.5 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. It is more preferably 2 nm or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 2.5 nm or more and 1 ⁇ m or less, 5 nm or more and 500 nm or less, 7.5 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and 10 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the silicon microparticles forming the silicon aggregates may be crystalline silicon microparticles or amorphous silicon microparticles.
- a preferable aggregate is an aggregate of silicon crystallites having a crystallite diameter of 1 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. Preferably, it is an agglomerate of silicon crystallites with a silicon oxide film formed on the surface.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention is preferably a silicon crystallite having a crystallite diameter of 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably a crystallite diameter of 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less, and a silicon oxide film is formed on the surface of the crystallite. and/or aggregates thereof. Preferably, it contains as a main component an aggregate of silicon crystallites having a silicon oxide film formed on the surface.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention is preferably a silicon crystallite with a crystallite diameter of 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less, on the surface of which a silicon oxide film is formed with hydroxyl groups added. It contains crystallites and/or aggregates thereof. Preferably, it contains as a main component an aggregate of silicon crystallites having a silicon oxide film with hydroxyl groups added to the surface.
- the porous silicon particles can be porous bodies of silicon particles. It may also be a porous body in which fine silicon particles are agglomerated and processed.
- the porous silicon particles are preferably particles made of porous silicon alone and having a silicon oxide film formed on the surface thereof. More preferably, the silicon oxide film is a silicon oxide film to which hydroxyl groups are added.
- the porous silicon particles may be crystalline porous silicon particles. Alternatively, they may be amorphous porous silicon particles having no crystallinity. When it has crystallinity, it may be single crystal or polycrystal.
- porous silicon particles Although there is no limit to the size of voids present in the porous silicon particles, they can usually range from 0.3 nm to 1 ⁇ m, preferably from 0.5 nm to 0.1 ⁇ m. Porous silicon particles have sufficient surface area to achieve high hydrogen evolution capability.
- the porous silicon particles may aggregate to form aggregates. There is no particular limitation on the size of the porous silicon particles and the aggregate size of the porous silicon particles. Its size may preferably be between 200 nm and 400 ⁇ m.
- Aggregates of fine silicon particles and porous silicon particles are particles that have a large overall particle diameter and a large surface area, and are thus suitable particles for oral administration. Larger particles do not pass through cell membranes and between cells in the gastrointestinal tract, especially intestinal tract, and the silicon microparticles are not absorbed into the body, which is excellent from the viewpoint of safety.
- the particle size distribution of the silicon microparticles contained in the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention the particle size distribution of the microparticles composed of silicon alone, or the crystallite size distribution. It may be polydisperse. It may also be a formulation containing silicon microparticles with a specific range of particle size or crystallite size. In addition, there is no particular limitation on the size distribution of the aggregates of silicon fine particles.
- the generation rate of hydrogen can be adjusted by the particle size and particle size distribution of the silicon fine particles and/or the thickness of the silicon oxide film.
- the method for producing the silicon microparticles of the present invention can be produced by physically pulverizing the silicon-containing particles to the desired particle size.
- Preferable examples of physical pulverization methods are bead mill pulverization, planetary ball mill pulverization, shock wave pulverization, high pressure impact method, jet mill pulverization, or a combination of two or more of these pulverization methods. It is also possible to employ a known chemical method.
- Physical pulverization is a preferred pulverization method from the viewpoint of production cost or ease of production control. Fine particles composed of fine particles of silicon alone are exposed to the air, and the surface thereof is oxidized to form a silicon oxide film. Further, after pulverization, a silicon oxide film may be artificially formed by a known method such as chemical oxidation with an oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide solution or nitric acid.
- the desired particle size or particle size distribution can be obtained by appropriately changing the size and/or type of beads. be able to.
- the silicon-containing particles of the starting material are not limited as long as they are high-purity silicon particles. Examples include commercially available high-purity silicon particle powder.
- the silicon-containing particles of the starting material may be monocrystalline, polycrystalline, or amorphous.
- the present application relates to an invention relating to a preventive or therapeutic agent for diseases containing silicon microparticles, an invention relating to a method for preventing or treating diseases involving administration of silicon microparticles, and an invention for use in the prevention or treatment of diseases containing silicon microparticles. and inventions relating to the use of silicon microparticles for the preparation of agents for the prevention or treatment of diseases, which include non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute at least one disease selected from the group consisting of pancreatitis;
- the explanations, embodiments, etc. of the inventions relating to the preventive or therapeutic agents for diseases containing silicon microparticles in the specification of the present application are the explanations, embodiments, etc. of all these inventions.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent for at least one disease selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis of the present invention includes an agent for preventing disease and an agent for treating disease. , and agents that prevent and treat diseases.
- Prevention or treatment in the present invention includes prevention of onset, delay of onset, amelioration of symptoms, suppression of exacerbation of symptoms, prevention of recurrence of symptoms, early recovery of symptoms, etc. of one or more symptoms related to the disease. .
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can prevent and treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the present invention includes nonalcoholic fatty liver, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and the like.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can prevent and treat liver dysfunction associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention can suppress fat accumulation in the liver.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can suppress liver fibrosis.
- the therapeutic agent of the present invention can suppress exacerbation of non-alcoholic fatty liver and prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
- the present invention can also be said to be a fat accumulation inhibitor in the liver containing silicon microparticles.
- the present invention can also be said to be a non-alcoholic fatty liver aggravation inhibitor containing silicon microparticles.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can prevent and treat pain associated with inactivity.
- pain associated with inactivity includes pain caused by inactivity itself and pain caused by inactivity affecting the living body. Tissue damage associated with trauma and age-related degenerative changes combined with inactivity cause pain, which often develops into chronic pain. Pain associated with inactivity in the present invention includes generalized pain and localized pain.
- Inactivity in the present invention includes excessive rest, immobilization of the affected area, no weight bearing, immobility, low movement, long-term bed rest, and the like. Inactivity itself causes pain, and inactivity is a risk factor for developing chronic pain.
- Inactivity in the present invention includes partial inactivity of the body (immobilization of limbs, etc.) and whole body inactivity (rest, etc.).
- inactivity in the present invention has no time limit, and includes short-term inactivity such as short-term rest and fixation of the affected area due to acute illness, and long-term inactivity such as low exercise and long-term bed rest due to old age.
- the pain associated with inactivity in the present invention includes pain after immobilization in a cast, muscle pain associated with inactivity, such as low back pain and stiff shoulders associated with inactivity, and joint pain associated with inactivity.
- Disuse syndrome is a variety of conditions caused by inactivity.
- the musculoskeletal disuse syndrome includes muscle atrophy, muscle weakness, joint contracture, bone atrophy and the like.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention can preferably prevent and treat pain associated with joint contracture, muscle atrophy, and muscle weakness, and more preferably prevent and treat pain associated with joint contracture and muscle atrophy. can do. More preferably, pain associated with joint contracture can be prevented and treated.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can prevent and treat acute pancreatitis.
- severe acute pancreatitis can be prevented and treated.
- Acute pancreatitis is an acute inflammation of the pancreas, and presents with symptoms such as severe upper abdominal pain, back pain, vomiting, and fever. Severe acute pancreatitis causes disturbance of consciousness, shock state, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure such as acute nephritis, and the like.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention can prevent the development of these symptoms, improve the symptoms, and suppress the exacerbation of the symptoms.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can suppress the shedding of pancreatic acinar cells associated with acute pancreatitis, and can suppress the infiltration of immune cells.
- the present invention can also be said to be a pancreatic acinar cell dropout inhibitor associated with acute pancreatitis.
- the silicon fine particles in the present invention have the property of continuously generating hydrogen for a long time (20 hours or more) in vitro.
- the silicon fine particles of the present invention generate hydrogen when contacted with an aqueous solution of pH 7 or higher, and generate more hydrogen at pH 8 or higher. On the other hand, at pH 5 or less, it has the property of hardly generating hydrogen.
- the silicon microparticles of the present invention When the silicon microparticles of the present invention are orally administered, it is thought that hydrogen is hardly generated in the stomach due to the properties described above, but hydrogen is generated in the intestine.
- the silicon microparticles of the present invention were administered to normal mice, generation of hydrogen was confirmed in the cecum, which is a part of the large intestine. Since the residence time of food in the intestine is usually 20 hours or more in humans, the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention continues to generate hydrogen in the intestine for a long time by oral administration, and hydrogen is stored in the body. can be distributed.
- hydrogen can be delivered to the body for a long period of time through the skin or transmucosal membrane by indwelling silicon fine particles on the skin or mucous membrane for a long period of time.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention does not diffuse hydrogen before administration. This property contributes to quality maintenance of products such as pharmaceuticals, and contributes to convenience for manufacturers, sellers and users.
- One of the action mechanisms by which non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis are prevented and treated is that the silicon microparticles in the present invention continue to generate hydrogen for a long time, and the generated hydrogen is , is transported into the blood and various organs, and hydrogen reacts selectively with hydroxyl radicals.
- the antioxidant capacity in the blood is improved, it is considered to be due to antioxidant substances produced in the blood.
- research by the present inventors has confirmed that it shows a remarkable effect compared to hydrogen water in research using disease model animals related to oxidative stress (WO2019/235577). Therefore, it is conceivable that there is another effect that hydrogen water does not have.
- mice treated with silicon microparticles Comparing the large intestine tissues of mice treated with silicon microparticles and mice not treated with silicon microparticles, the large intestine of mice treated with silicon microparticles contained large amounts of glutathione monosulfide and cysteine monosulfide, which are involved in antioxidant action in vivo. This may be due to the peculiar action of silicon microparticles (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2020-117481, PCT/JP2021/016176).
- a protein containing a metal element such as cobalt that captures hydrogen in the initial state of generation in the intestine due to the reaction between silicon fine particles and water, or a reducing power as a result of hydrogen atoms donating electrons A possible mechanism is that the protein, which has become stronger, is transported to each organ, reacts with hydroxyl radicals, and annihilates them.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent of the present invention can be used in combination with other therapeutic agents.
- a high therapeutic effect is expected from the combined use of the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention with a drug having a different mechanism of action.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic targets of the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention are humans and non-human animals.
- Preferred non-human animals include pets, livestock, and the like.
- One or more of the silicon microparticles in the present invention may be directly administered to humans or non-human animals, but if necessary, they may be mixed with acceptable additives or carriers and It can be formulated and administered in a form.
- acceptable additives or carriers include pH adjusters (e.g., sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, citric acid, etc.), excipients (e.g., sugar derivatives such as mannitol and sorbitol; corn starch, starch derivatives such as potato starch; or cellulose derivatives such as crystalline cellulose, etc.), lubricants (e.g., metal stearates such as magnesium stearate; or talc, etc.), binders (e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, or polyvinylpyrrolidone, etc.), disintegrants (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethylcellulose calcium, etc.), preservatives (e
- the route of administration of the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but preferred routes of administration include oral, transdermal, and transmucosal (oral, rectal, vaginal, etc.).
- Formulations for oral administration include tablets, capsules, granules, powders, syrups (dry syrups), and oral jelly.
- Examples of formulations for transdermal or transmucosal administration include patches and ointments.
- Tablets, capsules, granules, powders, etc. can be enteric-coated preparations.
- enteric coating is applied to tablets, granules, and powders.
- a gastroinsoluble enteric coating agent can be used.
- Capsules can be made enteric by filling an enteric capsule with the silicone microparticles of the present invention.
- the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention can be administered to humans or non-human animals after being formulated into the above dosage forms.
- the content of silicon microparticles in the prophylactic or therapeutic agent of the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples include 0.1-100% by weight, 1-99% by weight, and 5-95% by weight.
- the dosage and frequency of administration of the silicon microparticles in the present invention are appropriately determined according to conditions such as subject, age, body weight, sex, purpose (preventive or therapeutic), severity of symptoms, dosage form, route of administration, and the like. can change.
- the preferred dose of silicon microparticles is, for example, about 10 mg to 10 g, preferably about 100 mg to 5 g, more preferably about 500 mg to 2 g per day.
- the administration frequency may be once or more times per day, or once every few days. For example, it may be 1-3 times, 1-2 times, or 1 time per day.
- the preventive or therapeutic agent for at least one disease selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity and acute pancreatitis, containing the silicon microparticles of the present invention is a pharmaceutical, quasi-drug, medical It can be used in equipment, food and beverages.
- the present application also provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a disease containing silicon microparticles, wherein the disease is at least selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity and acute pancreatitis.
- the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for one disease.
- Pharmaceutical compositions in the present invention also include compositions with mild action that correspond to quasi-drugs.
- Embodiments of the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention include the embodiments of the preventive or therapeutic agents described above.
- the present application also provides a medical device for preventing or treating a disease containing silicon microparticles, wherein the disease is at least one selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity and acute pancreatitis. It relates to the invention of a medical device for two diseases.
- a medical device in the present invention is a device, instrument, or the like intended for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases of humans or non-human animals. Medical devices include, for example, masks. By wearing the mask of the present invention, hydrogen can be supplied directly to the trachea or lungs. Another example is a band-aid.
- the present application also provides a food or drink containing silicon microparticles for prevention or treatment of a disease, wherein the disease is selected from the group consisting of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity and acute pancreatitis.
- the invention relates to foods or beverages that are at least one disease.
- Preferred examples of the food or beverage of the present invention include health food, food with function claims, and food for specified health uses.
- the health food, functional food, and food for specified health uses are foods or beverages that can prevent, delay the onset of, and/or prevent the recurrence of the disease.
- There are no restrictions on the form of food or beverage For example, it may be in the form of a mixture mixed with existing foods or beverages, or in the form of a formulation. Examples include tablets, capsules, powders, granules, jelly and the like.
- Example 1 High-purity silicon powder (manufactured by Osaka Titanium Technologies Co., Ltd., particle size distribution ⁇ 300 ⁇ m (silicon particles with a crystal particle size exceeding 1 ⁇ m), purity 99.9%) was sieved to remove particles of 45 ⁇ m or more. 200 g of the obtained silicon particles were dispersed in 4 L (liter) of a 99.5 wt % ethanol solution, ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m zirconia beads (capacity: 750 ml) were added, and a bead mill (horizontal continuous type manufactured by Imex Co., Ltd.) was added. Using a ready mill (model, RHM-08), pulverization (single-stage pulverization) was performed for 4 hours at a rotation speed of 2500 rpm for pulverization.
- the ethanol solution containing the finely divided silicon particles was separated from the beads by the separation slit provided inside the crushing chamber of the bead mill, it was heated to 30-35°C using a vacuum evaporator. Micronized silicon particles (crystallites) were obtained by evaporating the ethanol solution.
- the average crystallite diameter of the miniaturized silicon particles (crystallites) obtained by the above method was 20 to 30 nm, and most of the crystallites formed aggregates. Moreover, the crystallite was covered with a silicon oxide film, and the thickness of the silicon oxide film was about 1 nm.
- the resulting mixture of silicon crystallites on which silicon oxide films are formed and aggregates thereof is one embodiment of the silicon microparticles that are the active ingredient of the present invention.
- Example 2 The silicon crystallites and aggregates thereof obtained in Example 1 were mixed with hydrogen peroxide water (3 wt %) in a glass vessel and stirred at 35° C. for 30 minutes.
- the hydrogen peroxide solution was removed from the silicon crystallites and aggregates thereof treated with the hydrogen peroxide solution by solid-liquid separation treatment using a known centrifugal separator.
- the obtained silicon crystallites and aggregates thereof were mixed with an ethanol solution (99.5 wt %) and sufficiently stirred. Silicon crystallites and aggregates thereof mixed with the ethanol solution were subjected to solid-liquid separation using a known centrifugal separation apparatus to remove the highly volatile ethanol solution, and then sufficiently dried.
- the resulting mixture of silicon crystallites with silicon oxide films and aggregates thereof treated with aqueous hydrogen peroxide is an embodiment of the silicon microparticles that are the active ingredient of the present invention.
- a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the obtained silicon fine particles is shown in FIG.
- the hydrogen generation rate of the obtained aggregates of silicon crystallites did not depend on the size of the aggregates.
- the amount of hydrogen generated by the silicon microparticles (silicon crystallites and aggregates thereof) obtained in Example 2 was measured. 10 mg of silicon fine particles was placed in a 100 ml capacity glass bottle (borosilicate glass, thickness of about 1 mm, Laboran screw tube bottle manufactured by ASONE). Water adjusted to pH 8.2 with sodium bicarbonate was put into this glass bottle, the liquid temperature was kept at 36° C. and the glass bottle was sealed, and the hydrogen concentration in the liquid in the glass bottle was measured. A portable dissolved hydrogen meter (manufactured by Toa DKK Co., Ltd., model DH-35A) was used to measure the hydrogen concentration. FIG. 2 shows the amount of hydrogen generated per 1 g of silicon fine particles.
- Example 3 In the same manner as in Example 2, the silicon microparticles (silicon crystallites and aggregates thereof) obtained in Example 1 were treated with hydrogen peroxide water, mixed with an ethanol solution, and stirred. The silicon fine particles mixed with the ethanol solution were dried using a spray dryer (ADL311S-A, manufactured by Yamato Scientific). The resulting aggregate of silicon crystallites is one embodiment of the silicon microparticles that are the active ingredient of the present invention. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the obtained silicon microparticles (aggregates of silicon crystallites) is shown in FIG.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Example 4 A one-stage pulverization was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m zirconia beads (capacity 750 ml) used for the one-step grinding were automatically separated from the solution containing the silicon crystallites inside the bead mill grinding chamber.
- 0.3 ⁇ m zirconia beads (capacity: 750 ml) were added to the resulting solution containing silicon crystallites, and the silicon crystallites were further pulverized (two-step pulverization) at a rotation speed of 2500 rpm for 4 hours.
- the beads were separated from the solution containing silicon crystallites as described above, and the obtained ethanol solution containing silicon crystallites was heated to 40°C using a vacuum evaporator in the same manner as in Example 1. The ethanol was evaporated to yield two-stage milled silicon crystallites. Silicon crystallites on which a silicon oxide film is thus formed by two-step pulverization is also an embodiment of the silicon microparticles that are the active ingredient of the present invention.
- Example 5 The mixture of silicon crystallites having a silicon oxide film treated with hydrogen peroxide and aggregates thereof obtained in Example 2 was filled in commercially available Capsule No. 3 to obtain a capsule formulation.
- the main component of this capsule formulation is an aggregate of silicon crystallites with a silicon oxide film that has been treated with hydrogen peroxide, and silicon crystallites with a silicon oxide film that has been treated with hydrogen peroxide. contains.
- non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model A non-alcoholic steatohepatitis model mouse was prepared by feeding CDAHFD60 (choline-deficient methionine-reduced 60 Kcal% fat diet (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) (Matsumoto, M. et al. Int. J. Exp. Path. (2013), 94, 93-103).
- CDAHFD60 choline-deficient methionine-reduced 60 Kcal% fat diet (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd.) (Matsumoto, M. et al. Int. J. Exp. Path. (2013), 94, 93-103).
- Example 2 Preparation of Food Containing Silicon Microparticles
- the silicon microparticles (silicon crystallites and aggregates thereof) produced in Example 2 were mixed with CDAHFD60 so as to have a concentration of 2.5 wt %.
- an aqueous citric acid solution (pH 4) is added in an amount of about 0.5 wt% with respect to the total amount of the silicon microparticles and the feed, and kneaded using a known kneading apparatus to obtain a high-fat diet containing silicon microparticles. Obtained.
- A5-1 Fat Accumulation Liver tissue was harvested and histologically sectioned after 12 weeks of blood testing. The degree of lipid accumulation in the liver was evaluated by two types of lipid staining methods, Sudan III staining and Oil Red staining (both staining solutions are from Muto Kagaku Co., Ltd.). Image acquisition and analysis were performed using a Keyence microscope. Sudan III staining is a staining method that stains neutral lipids in orange red, and oil red staining is a staining method that stains lipid droplets of neutral lipids in red. Stained images and graphs showing the ratio (%) of the stained area to the area of the entire tissue are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. FIG. It was clarified that administration of silicon microparticles suppresses the accumulation of fat in the liver.
- A5-2 Fat Deposition and Fibrosis
- the liver tissue section prepared in A5-1 above was stained with HE to observe vacuoles, fibrosis, and the like. Lipid droplets in hepatocytes are captured as vacuoles in paraffin-embedded specimens.
- FIG. 8 shows stained images and the ratio (%) of the area of vacuoles to the area of the entire tissue.
- the flat white part is not a vacuole but a vascular lumen.
- Hepatocyte balloon-like swelling and fibrosis were observed in the liver of control mice. On the other hand, they were not observed in the liver of silicon microparticle-administered mice. It was clarified that the administration of silicon microparticles suppressed macrovesicular fat deposition and also suppressed fibrosis.
- Example 2 Preparation of Food Containing Silicon Microparticles
- the silicon microparticles (silicon crystallites and aggregates thereof) produced in Example 2 were mixed with normal feed (manufactured by Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., model number AIN93M) to a concentration of 2.5 wt%.
- an aqueous citric acid solution (pH 4) was added in an amount of about 0.5 wt% with respect to the total amount of the silicon microparticles and the feed, and kneaded using a known kneading apparatus to obtain a silicon microparticle-containing food. .
- the cast model is widely used in research on disuse muscle atrophy and joint contracture.
- the joints are always in a state of extension due to wearing a plaster cast, reflecting the state of human joint contracture.
- joint immobilization by plaster cast induces significant skeletal muscle atrophy simply by restricting contractile activity of skeletal muscle due to joint immobilization, although gravity and innervation are maintained under normal circumstances. Therefore, the cast wearing model accurately reflects the state of skeletal muscle atrophy during inactivity observed in human daily life (Yuki Tomiga, et al. Fukuoka University Sports Science Research 45(2), 53-58(2015) ).
- Silicon microparticles are considered to be effective in mitigating acute pain increase in the acute period after wearing and pain increase due to continued immobility. It became clear that the pain associated with joint contracture and disuse muscle atrophy was alleviated by the administration of silicon microparticles.
- the silicon microparticles of the present invention exhibit high preventive and high therapeutic effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis.
- the present invention can be one of the causative therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, pain associated with inactivity, and acute pancreatitis, and will greatly contribute to future medical care and health promotion.
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Abstract
Description
1.シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の予防又は治療剤であって、該疾患が非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛、及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患である、予防又は治療剤。
2.前記疾患が非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患である、前項1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
3.前記非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患が非アルコール性脂肪肝炎である、前項2に記載の予防又は治療剤。
4.前記疾患が不活動に伴う疼痛である、前項1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
5.前記不活動に伴う疼痛が筋骨格系の廃用症候群に伴う疼痛である、前項4に記載の予防又は治療剤。
6.前記筋骨格系の廃用症候群に伴う疼痛が筋萎縮又は関節拘縮に伴う疼痛である、前項5に記載の予防又は治療剤。
7.前記疾患が急性膵炎である、前項1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
8.前記急性膵炎が重症急性膵炎である、前項7に記載の予防又は治療剤。
9.前記シリコン微粒子が、水と接して水素を発生し得るシリコン単体を含有する微粒子である、前項1~8のいずれか1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
10.前記シリコン微粒子が、シリコン微細粒子及び/又は該シリコン微細粒子の凝集体である、前項1~9のいずれか1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
11.前記シリコン微粒子が多孔質シリコン粒子である、前項1~9のいずれか1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
12.シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の予防又は治療用医薬組成物であって、該疾患が、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患である医薬組成物。
13.シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の予防又は治療用医療機器であって、該疾患が、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患である医療機器。
14.シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の予防又は治療用の食品又は飲料であって、該疾患が、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患である食品又は飲料。
15.シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の治療剤であって、該疾患が非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛、及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患である、治療剤。
16.シリコン微粒子を投与することを含む非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛、及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患の予防又は治療方法。
17.シリコン微粒子を投与することを含む非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛、及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患の治療方法。
18.シリコン微粒子を含有する、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛、及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患の予防又は治療に使用するための剤。
19.シリコン微粒子を含有する、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛、及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患の治療に使用するための剤。
20.非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛、及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患の予防又は治療剤の調製のためのシリコン微粒子の使用。
21.非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛、及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患の治療剤の調製のためのシリコン微粒子の使用。
高純度シリコン粉末(大阪チタニウムテクノロジーズ社製、粒度分布<φ300μm(但し、結晶粒子径が1μm超のシリコン粒子)、純度99.9%)を篩にかけて45μm以上の粒子を除去した。得られたシリコン粒子200gを、99.5wt%のエタノール溶液4L(リットル)中に分散させ、φ0.5μmのジルコニア製ビーズ(容量750ml)を加えて、ビーズミル装置(アイメックス株式会社製、横型連続式レディーミル(型式、RHM-08))を用いて、4時間、回転数2500rpmで粉砕(一段階粉砕)を行って微細化した。
実施例1で得られたシリコン結晶子及びその凝集体を、ガラス容器中で、過酸化水素水(3wt%)と混合し、35℃で30分間撹拌した。過酸化水素水で処理されたシリコン結晶子及びその凝集体を、公知の遠心分離処理装置を用いて、固液分離処理によって過酸化水素水を除いた。さらにその後、得られたシリコン結晶子及びその凝集体とエタノール溶液(99.5wt%)とを混合し、十分に撹拌した。エタノール溶液と混合されたシリコン結晶子及びその凝集体を、公知の遠心分離処理装置を用いて、固液分離処理によって揮発性の高いエタノール溶液を除いてから十分に乾燥させた。得られた過酸化水素水処理された、酸化シリコン膜が形成されているシリコン結晶子及びその凝集体の混合物は、本発明の有効成分であるシリコン微粒子の一実施形態である。得られたシリコン微粒子の電子走査顕微鏡(SEM)写真を図1に示す。なお、得られたシリコン結晶子の凝集体の水素発生速度は、凝集体サイズに依存しなかった。
実施例2と同様の方法で、実施例1で得られたシリコン微粒子(シリコン結晶子及びその凝集体)を過酸化水素水で処理しエタノール溶液と混合し撹拌した。エタノール溶液と混合されたシリコン微粒子をスプレードライヤ(ADL311S‐A、ヤマト科学製)を用いて乾燥させた。得られたシリコン結晶子の凝集体は、本発明の有効成分であるシリコン微粒子の一実施形態である。得られたシリコン微粒子(シリコン結晶子の凝集体)の電子走査顕微鏡(SEM)写真を図3に示す。
実施例1と同様に一段階粉砕を行った。一段階粉砕に用いたφ0.5μmのジルコニア製ビーズ(容量750ml)は、ビーズミル粉砕室内部において、自動的にシリコン結晶子を含む溶液から分離された。得られたシリコン結晶子を含む溶液に、0.3μmのジルコニア製ビーズ(容量750ml)を加えて4時間、回転数2500rpmでシリコン結晶子をさらに粉砕(二段階粉砕)して微細化した。
実施例2で得られた過酸化水素水処理された酸化シリコン膜が形成されているシリコン結晶子及びその凝集体の混合物を、市販のカプセル3号に充填し、カプセル製剤を得た。本カプセル製剤は過酸化水素水処理された酸化シリコン膜が形成されているシリコン結晶子の凝集体を主成分とし、さらに過酸化水素水処理された酸化シリコン膜が形成されているシリコン結晶子を含有する。
CDAHFD60(コリン欠乏メチオニン減量60Kcal%脂肪食(オリエンタル酵母株式会社)を与えることにより、非アルコール性脂肪肝炎モデルマウスを作製した(Matsumoto, M. et al. Int. J. Exp. Path. (2013), 94, 93-103)。
CDAHFD60に、実施例2で製造されたシリコン微粒子(シリコン結晶子及びその凝集体)を2.5wt%になるように混合した。さらにクエン酸水溶液(pH4)を、該シリコン微粒子と該飼料との総量に対して約0.5wt%の量で加え、公知の混錬装置を用いて混錬し、シリコン微粒子含有高脂肪食を得た。
C57BL6/Jマウス (雄、5週齢、日本チャールズリバー)を入手した。入手後2週間は、通常飼料(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製、型番AIN93M)を与えて馴化期間とした。その後、上記A2で得られたシリコン微粒子含有高脂肪食、又は、コントロール食(CDAHFD60)を与えて3ヶ月間飼育した。各群は13匹ずつ(n=13)とした。シリコン微粒子投与開始の翌日(0週)、6週後、12週後に血液検査を行った。両群とも、6週にはASTおよびALTの値が大きく上昇し脂肪肝もしくは肝炎を発症していた。
血中総ビリルビン濃度を図4に、総胆汁酸濃度を図5に示す。シリコン微粒子投与によって、非アルコール性脂肪性疾患に伴う肝機能障害が有意に抑制されることが明らかになった。
A5-1.脂肪の蓄積
12週の血液検査後に肝臓組織を回収して組織切片を作製した。肝臓の脂肪蓄積度をズダンIII染色とオイルレッド染色(両染色液とも武藤化学株式会社)の2種類の脂肪染色法によって評価した。なお、画像取得及び解析はキーエンス顕微鏡を用いて行った。ズダンIII染色は中性脂肪を橙赤色に、オイルレッド染色は中性脂肪の脂肪滴を赤に染める染色法である。染色画像及び組織全体の面積に対する染色面積の割合(%)を示すグラフを図6と図7に示す。シリコン微粒子投与により肝臓における脂肪の蓄積が抑制されることが明らかになった。
上記A5-1で作製した肝臓組織切片をHE染色し空胞や線維化等を観察した。肝細胞中の脂肪滴はパラフィン包埋による標本では空胞として捉えられる。図8に染色画像と組織全体の面積に対す空胞の面積の割合(%)を示す。なお、扁平の白い部分は空胞ではなく血管管腔である。コントロールマウスの肝臓には、肝細胞の風船状の腫大化及び線維化が観察された。一方シリコン微粒子投与マウスの肝臓では、それらは観察されなかった。シリコン微粒子投与により大滴性脂肪沈着が抑制され、線維化も抑制されることが明らかになった。
通常飼料(オリエンタル酵母工業株式会社製、型番AIN93M)に、実施例2で製造されたシリコン微粒子(シリコン結晶子及びその凝集体)を2.5wt%になるように混合した。さらにクエン酸水溶液(pH4)を、該シリコン微粒子と該飼料との総量に対して約0.5wt%の量で加え、公知の混錬装置を用いて混錬し、シリコン微粒子含有食を得た。
C57BL6/Jマウス (雄、7週齢、日本SLC)を入手した。水に浸すと硬化するキャスティングテープ(アルケア株式会社)でマウス片側後肢を伸展状態で固定して、ギプス装着モデルマウスを作製した。
ギプス装着(片足固定処置)1週間前より、シリコン微粒子投与マウスには、上記B1で作製したシリコン微粒子含有食を与え、コントロールマウスには、上記B1の通常飼料を与えた。
片足固定処置の1週間後、2週間後、3週間後に機械刺激による疼痛試験(von Frey試験、ダイナミックプランター・エステシオメータ(カタログNo.37450;UGO BASILE,Varese,Italy))を行い、各マウスの痛覚の閾値を評価した。
C57BL6/Jマウス (雄、7週齢、日本SLC)にL-アルギニンを 1.5 mg/g体重で1時間ごとに3回腹腔内投与して、重症急性膵炎モデルマウスを作製した(Kui B. et al. PLOS ONE. 2015 Feb 17;10(2):e0117588)。
重症急性膵炎モデル作製の1週間前より、シリコン微粒子投与マウスには、上記B1で作製したシリコン微粒子含有食を与え、コントロールマウスには、上記B1の通常飼料を与えた。
モデル作製3日後、4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定液によるかん流固定を行い、膵臓を回収して組織切片を作製し、炎症の度合いや血液細胞の浸潤及び組織構造の変化をHE染色にて評価した(図11)。急性膵炎発症時、コントロールマウス群で観察された血液細胞の浸潤や腺房細胞の脱落は、シリコン微粒子投与マウス群ではほとんど観察されなかった。免疫細胞の浸潤の度合いを、好中球マーカーGr-1に対する抗体(サーモフィッシャーサイエンティフィック社)とマクロファージマーカーF4/80に対する抗体(アブカム社)を用いた免疫染色法にて評価した(図12)。図11及び図12が示すように、コントロールマウス群と比較して、シリコン微粒子投与マウス群では、膵臓の炎症及び免疫細胞の浸潤が有意に抑制されることが明らかになった。
Claims (15)
- シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の予防又は治療剤であって、該疾患が非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛、及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患である、予防又は治療剤。
- 前記疾患が非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患である、請求項1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患が非アルコール性脂肪肝炎である、請求項2に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記疾患が不活動に伴う疼痛である、請求項1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記不活動に伴う疼痛が筋骨格系の廃用症候群に伴う疼痛である、請求項4に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記筋骨格系の廃用症候群に伴う疼痛が筋萎縮又は関節拘縮に伴う疼痛である、請求項5に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記疾患が急性膵炎である、請求項1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記急性膵炎が重症急性膵炎である、請求項7に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記シリコン微粒子が、水と接して水素を発生し得るシリコン単体を含有する微粒子である、請求項1~8のいずれか1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記シリコン微粒子が、シリコン微細粒子及び/又は該シリコン微細粒子の凝集体である、請求項1~9のいずれか1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- 前記シリコン微粒子が多孔質シリコン粒子である、請求項1~9のいずれか1に記載の予防又は治療剤。
- シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の予防又は治療用医薬組成物であって、該疾患が、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患である医薬組成物。
- シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の予防又は治療用医療機器であって、該疾患が、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患である医療機器。
- シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の予防又は治療用の食品又は飲料であって、該疾患が、非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患である食品又は飲料。
- シリコン微粒子を含有する疾患の治療剤であって、該疾患が非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患、不活動に伴う疼痛、及び急性膵炎からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの疾患である、治療剤。
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