WO2019021769A1 - 薬剤及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
薬剤及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019021769A1 WO2019021769A1 PCT/JP2018/025315 JP2018025315W WO2019021769A1 WO 2019021769 A1 WO2019021769 A1 WO 2019021769A1 JP 2018025315 W JP2018025315 W JP 2018025315W WO 2019021769 A1 WO2019021769 A1 WO 2019021769A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0053—Mouth and digestive tract, i.e. intraoral and peroral administration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/167—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction with an outer layer or coating comprising drug; with chemically bound drugs or non-active substances on their surface
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
- A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/02—Silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a drug, in particular a drug for renal disease, and a method of producing the same.
- kidney disease which is also pointed out as being associated with metabolic syndrome (lifestyle related disease), is increasing year by year. In the case of Japan, it is said that one in eight adults aged 20 and over has chronic kidney disease. For example, when the impairment of renal function is chronically sustained and exacerbated, harmful substances accumulate in the blood, causing uremia including impaired consciousness and the like. It is also pointed out that the decrease in renal function causes hypertension and hyperphosphatemia, and increases the risk of causing serious cardiovascular disorders such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction.
- an organ substitute device or a therapeutic agent for removing toxic substances from the kidney instead of the kidney, or preventative medicine for not reducing the renal function is an urgent issue to realize an organ substitute device or a therapeutic agent for removing toxic substances from the kidney instead of the kidney, or preventative medicine for not reducing the renal function.
- a representative example of an organ substitute device is an artificial kidney that removes toxic substances by hemodialysis.
- the hemodialysis-type artificial kidney not only requires a specialized technician to be a sophisticated and special device, but also imposes a heavy mental and physical burden on the patient.
- the increase in the number of patients with kidney disease as described above is an enormous burden on the medical economy for all countries adopting the insurance system.
- Hydrogen is known as an example of a substance that eliminates hydroxyl radicals generated in the body. Hydrogen reacts with hydroxyl radicals to form water, which does not produce harmful substances to the living body. Therefore, an apparatus for producing hydrogen water containing hydrogen that annihilates hydroxyl radicals in the body has been proposed (for example, Patent Document 2).
- the present invention solves at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, and includes silicon fine particles or silicon fine particles having hydrogen generation ability, aggregates of silicon crystal grains (aggregate having a particle size of about 1 ⁇ m to about 2 ⁇ m), or silicon Realization of prevention or treatment of kidney disease different from the means or approach adopted so far by utilizing silicon particles (preferably, porous particles having a void of nano order) having a surface area equivalent to fine particles Make a significant contribution to
- the inventors of the present invention found that the above-mentioned silicon microparticles or aggregates thereof, or silicon grains are mostly in contact with a water-containing liquid having a very small pH value (ie, strongly acidic) such as gastric acid. It does not generate hydrogen, but when it comes in contact with a site or a water-containing liquid having a pH value in the range of neutral (in this application, pH value is 6 to 7 inclusive) to alkaline numerical value, hydrogen It has been found that it can be generated. Based on these facts, the inventors of the present invention conducted various experiments and analyzes to investigate the possibility that the silicon microparticles or aggregates thereof or silicon grains described above contribute to the prevention or treatment of kidney disease. I piled up. As a result, a significant effect on kidney disease could be confirmed.
- a very small pH value ie, strongly acidic
- the inventors of the present invention have found that reduction of hydroxyl radicals in the body by hydrogen generated from the above-mentioned silicon microparticles or their aggregates or silicon crystal grains contributes to the prevention and / or treatment of kidney disease. I believe that.
- the "water-containing liquid" in the present application includes water itself and human body fluid.
- the hydrogen generation mechanism by the reaction of silicon fine particles or silicon crystal grains with water molecules is represented by the following formula (1).
- the reaction shown in Formula 1 is limited in the case of contact with a water-containing liquid having a low pH value (typically, a pH value of less than 5). It has been found that the reaction proceeds when it comes into contact with a water-containing solution having a pH value of 6 or more (particularly, more than 6). Therefore, it was revealed that it is very interesting that even a weakly acidic water-containing liquid having a pH value of 6 can effectively generate hydrogen.
- the pH value is more preferably 7 or more (or more than 7), and even more preferably the pH value is more than 7.4. It has been found that it is effective to contact with a water-containing liquid having a basicity of more than 8 (hereinafter also referred to as “alkaline”).
- a basic water-containing solution in the range of basicity or biocompatibility of intestinal fluid defines the upper limit of the pH value.
- the inventors of the present invention solve at least a part of the above-mentioned technical problems by utilizing the above-mentioned silicon fine particles or their aggregates, or silicon crystal grains for kidney disease. I found out to get.
- the present invention was created based on the above-mentioned viewpoints.
- One agent of the present invention is an agent for renal diseases, which includes hydrogen particles, silicon microparticles, aggregates of silicon particles, or silicon grains.
- the physiologically acceptable silicon fine particles described above or an aggregate of the silicon fine particles (hereinafter, also collectively referred to as "silicon fine particles"), silicon crystal grains (particle diameter is about 1 ⁇ m) It is considered that hydrogen generated from silicon particles of 1 ⁇ m or more having a surface area equivalent to about 2 ⁇ m or a surface area corresponding to silicon fine particles contributes to the reduction of hydroxyl radicals in the body. At the moment, although the detailed mechanism is not clear, it is considered that such reduction of hydroxyl radicals may contribute to the prevention and / or treatment of renal diseases. The effect of prevention, treatment, or amelioration of specific kidney disease has been confirmed by this drug.
- the above-mentioned drug hardly generates hydrogen even when it is brought into contact with a water-containing solution having a very small pH value such as gastric acid, it has a site having a pH value of neutral to alkaline or a water-containing solution
- the ability to generate hydrogen significantly when contacted with can significantly contribute to the prevention, treatment or amelioration of kidney disease.
- a method of producing the drug substance of one drug of the present invention is a method of producing the drug substance of the above-mentioned drug, wherein the silicon fine particles and / or the silicon described above are obtained by grinding silicon particles in an ethanol solution.
- hydrogen generated from the physiologically acceptable silicon fine particles or silicon grains reduces hydroxyl radicals in the body.
- the above-mentioned drug when it is actually used, it is granulated with a binder of 100 nm or more (or more than 100 nm) porous, polycrystalline, free, crushed, not decomposed and having a surface area corresponding to silicon fine particles.
- a binder 100 nm or more (or more than 100 nm) porous, polycrystalline, free, crushed, not decomposed and having a surface area corresponding to silicon fine particles.
- a binder 100 nm or more (or more than 100 nm) porous, polycrystalline, free, crushed, not decomposed and having a surface area corresponding to silicon fine particles.
- the expression “crystallite” is adopted instead of the expression “crystal grain (or crystal particle)".
- the expression “crystal grain (or crystal grain)” is adopted.
- the expression “grain” is adopted as an expression regardless of the presence or absence of crystallinity.
- the "silicon fine particles” in the present application include “silicon nanoparticles” having an average crystallite diameter of nm order, specifically, a crystallite diameter of substantially 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less.
- the “fine silicon particles” in the present application are mainly composed of silicon nanoparticles having an average crystallite diameter of nano level, specifically, a crystallite diameter of 1 nm or more and 50 nm or less.
- silicon nanoparticles having a main crystallite diameter of 1 nm or more and less than 10 nm are “fine silicon particles” that realize the most miniaturization as one aspect that can be adopted.
- silicon nanoparticles in the state of being dispersed in silicon fine particles not only silicon nanoparticles in the state of being dispersed in silicon fine particles but also a plurality of silicon nanoparticles naturally gather to form aggregates having a size close to ⁇ m (approximately 0.1 ⁇ m or more).
- the state which comprises the collection, the fusion body, and the granulation object which does not re-disperse may be included.
- silicon fine particles in the present application may include porous silicon.
- the “silicon fine particles” in the present application can form aggregates of ⁇ m level (for example, about 1 ⁇ m) in diameter by aggregating in a natural state.
- ⁇ m level for example, about 1 ⁇ m
- solid preparations Those in the form of massive solid preparations.
- the “agent” in the present application includes a "solid preparation”.
- the representative example of a "solid preparation” is a tablet, the granule which does not show lumps, and takes powder form, or a powder.
- the expression “disease” includes the meanings of “disease”, “disorder” and “disorder”.
- the “physiologically acceptable matrix (substance or material)” in the present application is substantially non-toxic, and the substratum (substance (substance or substance) substantially does not cause any side effect or adverse reaction even when in contact with the skin or mucous membrane Or materials).
- the term “physiological” includes the meaning of “medical”.
- hydrogen generated from the aforementioned physiologically acceptable silicon microparticles can contribute to the prevention and / or treatment of renal diseases.
- the method for producing the drug substance of one drug of the present invention it is possible to produce a drug in which hydrogen generated from the aforementioned physiologically acceptable silicon microparticles can contribute to reduction of hydroxyl radicals in the body. it can. As a result, a drug that can contribute to the prevention and / or treatment of current kidney disease can be produced.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the amount of hydrogen generated in Examples 1 and 2.
- the result of the BAP test (plasma antioxidant activity evaluation test) for measuring the degree of antioxidant when a normal diet or the solid preparation of the first embodiment (feed) of the first embodiment is fed for 8 weeks to a 6-week-old SD rat Is a graph showing It is an implementation plan (protocol) for the preventive effect confirmation by the solid preparation of 1st Embodiment using a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model. It is an histopathology image (HE staining) of the kidney after 4 weeks in the implementation plan of FIG. Fig. 9 (a) shows the kidney of a rat which has taken a normal diet, and Fig. 9 (b) shows the kidney of a rat which has consumed a feed containing silicon particles in the normal diet.
- HE staining histopathology image
- the solid preparation of the present embodiment includes silicon fine particles having an ability to generate hydrogen or an aggregate of the silicon fine particles (hereinafter, also collectively referred to as “silicon fine particles”) or silicon crystal grains.
- silicon fine particles, the silicon fine particles, or a solid preparation containing the crystal grains as an example of the “agent” in the present embodiment will be described in detail.
- the method of producing the drug of the present embodiment or the method of producing the drug substance of the drug will also be described in detail.
- Silicon fine particles or silicon crystal grains
- solid preparation and method for producing them
- the solid preparation of the present embodiment is a commercially available high purity silicon particle powder (typically, high purity) as silicon particles
- Fine silicon particles that can contain silicon nanoparticles, which are made by Chemical Labs, Inc., particle size distribution ⁇ 5 ⁇ m (where silicon particles with a crystal particle size of more than 1 ⁇ m, purity 99.9%, i-type silicon) are refined by bead milling It is manufactured using particles (hereinafter, representatively, also referred to as "silicon fine particles").
- a step of forming silicon fine particles or aggregates of the silicon fine particles by grinding silicon particles in an ethanol solution is employed.
- the method disclosed in the present embodiment is not limited to the method described above.
- separation into beads and an ethanol solution containing silicon fine particles is performed by a separation slit provided inside the grinding chamber of the bead mill apparatus.
- the ethanol solution containing silicon microparticles separated from the beads is heated to 30 ° C. to 35 ° C. using a vacuum evaporator. As a result, by evaporating the ethanol solution, silicon microparticles and / or aggregates thereof are obtained.
- the silicon microparticles that can play a role of the drug substance of the present embodiment obtained by the above method mainly include silicon microparticles having a crystallite diameter of 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less. More specifically, as a result of measuring silicon fine particles with an X-ray diffractometer (Smart Lab, manufactured by RIGAKU ELECTRIC CO., LTD.), The following values were obtained as an example. In the volume distribution, the mode diameter was 6.6 nm, the median diameter was 14.0 nm, and the average crystallite diameter was 20.3 nm.
- the silicon fine particles were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As a result, a part of the silicon fine particles was aggregated to form a somewhat large, irregularly shaped aggregate of about 0.5 ⁇ m or less. In addition, when individual silicon fine particles were observed using a TEM (transmission electron microscope), the main silicon fine particles had a crystallite diameter of about 2 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- the first mixing step (hereinafter, also referred to as “H 2 O 2 treatment” or “hydrogen peroxide water treatment step”) of mixing hydrogen peroxide water and the silicon fine particles in a glass container thereafter. Say)).
- the temperature of the hydrogen peroxide solution (3.5 wt% in the present embodiment) in the mixing step is 75 ° C.
- the mixing time is 30 minutes. Note that sufficient stirring in the first mixing step (hydrogen peroxide water treatment step) is preferable in order to increase the chance of contact between the silicon fine particles and the hydrogen peroxide solution.
- the temperature of the hydrogen peroxide solution in the first mixing step is, for example, around room temperature, at least a part of the effect of the present embodiment can be exhibited.
- the silicon fine particle which passed through the 1st mixing process can also play a role of a drug substance of this embodiment.
- the silicon microparticles mixed with the hydrogen peroxide solution are removed from the hydrogen peroxide solution by solid-liquid separation using a known centrifugal separator to obtain silicon microparticles.
- silicon fine particles whose surface is treated with hydrogen peroxide solution can be obtained.
- the surface is treated with hydrogen peroxide water to remove the alkyl group (eg, methyl group) present on the surface of the silicon fine particles.
- the silicon microparticles and their aggregates can form a state having a surface that can be in direct contact with the medium that can contain the water-containing liquid while maintaining the hydrophilicity of the surface as a whole.
- a second mixing step of mixing the silicon fine particles and the ethanol solution is further performed thereafter.
- the stirring process is sufficiently performed in the mixing step in order to increase the chance of contact between the silicon fine particles and the ethanol solution (99.5 wt% in the present embodiment).
- the silicon microparticles mixed with the ethanol solution are sufficiently dried by solid-liquid separation processing after removing the highly volatile ethanol solution using a known centrifugal separation processing apparatus, as an example of this embodiment. Silicon microparticles are produced.
- silicone fine particle which passed through the 2nd mixing process can also play a role of a drug substance of this embodiment.
- silicon fine particles in which the mixing time of the hydrogen peroxide solution and the silicon fine particles in the first mixing step is 60 minutes as another final fine silicon particle are described. Particles were also produced.
- silicon crystal grains instead of silicon fine particles, silicon crystal grains (for example, those substantially not including “silicon nanoparticles” of 1 nm or more and 100 nm or less) are at least described above. It is also possible to manufacture through the first mixing step of In addition, the crystal grain of the above-mentioned silicon can also play a role as a drug substance of this embodiment.
- isopropyl alcohol or hydrofluoric acid (aqueous solution) is not used.
- aqueous solution since the ethanol solution and the hydrogen peroxide solution are used to obtain silicon microparticles (or aggregates thereof) or silicon crystal grains, a drug (or It is worthy to note that it is possible to provide a solid preparation), a method of manufacturing a drug (or solid preparation), or a method of manufacturing a drug (or solid preparation) drug substance.
- FIG. 1 (a) is an overview photograph of a normal feed as a comparative example
- FIG. 1 (b) is an overview photograph of the normal feed into which silicon fine particles are mixed according to the present embodiment.
- a normal feed as a base material (Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., model number AIN 93M 97.5 wt%, and the above-mentioned silicon fine particles (and / or crystal grains of silicon) manufactured 2.5 wt%
- the amount of the aqueous solution of citric acid is not particularly limited.
- the amount of silicon fine particles (and / or grains of silicon) and the feed may be about 0.5 wt%, and the pH value of the aqueous solution of citric acid is about 4.
- the type of the base material is not limited as long as it is a physiologically acceptable base material (material or material).
- the feed into which silicon fine particles (and / or silicon grains) are kneaded is molded using a commercially available pelleter. Thereafter, water is removed using a dryer heated to about 90 ° C., and the size is determined using a sieve, whereby a solid preparation (feed) 100 shown in FIG. 1 (b) can be produced.
- a solid preparation (feed) 100 shown in FIG. 1 (b) can be produced.
- storing the solid preparation (feed) 100 in a packaged state is a preferable embodiment.
- a mode in which silicon fine particles (including aggregates thereof) which are not in the solid preparation 100 are contained in a known material (base material) other than the normal feed is also one mode that can be adopted.
- the citric acid contained in the solid preparation 100 of the present embodiment has a pH value of 4 or more and less than 7 (more specifically, 6 or less) when the solid preparation 100 is disintegrated in pure water. It can play a role as a pH value regulator.
- the action of adjusting the pH value by citric acid which brings the water-containing liquid into an acidic state can prevent or suppress the generation of hydrogen due to the solid preparation 100 coming into contact with the moisture and the like of the open air. Therefore, it is a preferable aspect of the present embodiment that the solid preparation 100 contains citric acid. Even when the solid preparation of the present embodiment does not contain citric acid, at least a part of the effects of the present embodiment can be exhibited.
- Citric acid in the first embodiment is an example of “pH adjuster”, but “pH adjuster” is not limited to citric acid. If it is a material (hereinafter, also referred to as "acidic agent") that can be adjusted to an acid having a pH value of 2 or more (more preferably 3 or more) and less than 7 (more preferably 6 or less) It is not limited.
- Representative examples of the acidic agent are at least one selected from the group of citric acid, gluconic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid and lactic acid or a salt thereof. It is a preferred embodiment to adopt a material having the advantages of being excellent in safety and versatility, such as being widely used as a food additive.
- the agent (or the solid preparation 100) of the first embodiment is formulated to be suitable for oral intake in order to improve the doseability of the silicon microparticles of the first embodiment or the crystal grains of silicon, This is a preferred embodiment.
- it is other suitable to adopt the known jelly formulation of the solid preparation 100, or to adopt the known formulation such as fine particles, solutions, dry syrups, chewables, troches, fine granules and the like. It is an aspect.
- the solid preparation 100 has sustained release for generating hydrogen in the intestinal tract (for example, in the entire intestinal tract) and exerting a pharmacological function.
- examples of other means for achieving sustained release include adjustment of particle size distribution of silicon microparticles, adjustment of coating material, and / or capsules (including microcapsules) that can function as a sustained release agent described later ) It is accommodation inside.
- the form of the preparation is not particularly limited, and a wide range of forms can be adopted. Therefore, the dosage form and form of the drug (or solid preparation 100) for renal disease of the present embodiment are not limited to the above-mentioned respective dosage forms and forms.
- the same high purity silicon particle powder as used in the first embodiment (typically, silicon particles having a crystal grain size of more than 1 ⁇ m) is subjected to the procedure described in the first embodiment. Grind in one step. Further, in the present embodiment, zirconia beads (volume: 750 ml) having a diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m used for one-step grinding are automatically separated from the solution containing silicon fine particles in the bead mill grinding chamber. Further, 0.3 ⁇ m zirconia beads (volume 300 ml) are added to the solution in which the beads are separated and the silicon fine particles are added, and the mixture is pulverized for 4 hours (two-stage pulverization) at 2500 rpm for micronization.
- the silicon microparticles comprising the beads are separated from the solution comprising silicon microparticles as described above.
- the ethanol solution containing silicon microparticles separated from the beads is heated to 40 ° C. using a vacuum evaporator as in the first embodiment to evaporate the ethanol solution to obtain silicon microparticles.
- a physiologically acceptable covering layer for covering the solid preparation 100 of the first embodiment or the solid preparation described in Modifications (1) and (2) of the first embodiment.
- a physiologically acceptable coating layer for covering the solid preparation 100 of the first embodiment or the solid preparation described in Modifications (1) and (2) of the first embodiment.
- a physiologically acceptable coating layer that can be applied as a capsule agent is a known gastric poorly soluble enteric agent that contains silicon fine particles (mainly aggregates of silicon fine particles) or silicon crystal grains. It is a capsule manufactured from the material.
- a disintegrant may be further contained.
- disintegrant known materials can be adopted.
- an example of a more suitable disintegrant is an organic acid, the most preferred example being citric acid.
- the organic acid can also function as a binder that agglomerates the silicon microparticles.
- the temperature conditions of the water-containing liquid for hydrogen generation in the above-described embodiments are not limited. However, if the temperature of the water-containing liquid capable of generating hydrogen is preferably 30 ° C. (more preferably 35 ° C.) or more and 45 ° C. or less, the hydrogen generation reaction is promoted.
- Example 1 The inventors of the present application examined the generation of hydrogen without performing a molding process using a pelleter in order to evaluate silicon fine particles themselves. Specifically, as Example 1, experiments were performed using silicon fine particles treated by the one-step grinding in the first embodiment.
- a glass bottle (borosilicate glass thickness about 1 mm, ASONE) having a volume of 100 ml in the form of powder (that is, without mixing citric acid and mixing) 10 mg of silicon microparticles described in the first embodiment It was put in a company lab run screw tube bottle). 30 ml of tap water having a pH value of 7.1 is put into this glass bottle, the liquid temperature is sealed at a temperature condition of 25 ° C., the hydrogen concentration in the liquid in the glass bottle is measured, and the hydrogen generation amount is determined using this The For measurement of the hydrogen concentration, a portable dissolved hydrogen meter (manufactured by Toa DKK Co., Ltd., model DH-35A) was used.
- Example 2 is the same as Example 1 except that 30 ml of tap water was added and the liquid temperature was changed to a temperature condition of 37 ° C.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of Examples 1 and 2.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 4 indicates the time (minute) during which the solid preparation is in contact with the water-containing liquid, and the vertical axis of the graph indicates the amount of hydrogen generated.
- silicon fine particles or silicon crystal grains have a hydrogen generation ability of 5 ml / g or more when contacted with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 6 or more and less than 7. And when it contacted the water content liquid whose pH value is more than 7 and less than 9, it became clear to have a hydrogen-producing ability of 10 ml / g or more. In addition, it was also revealed that silicon fine particles or silicon crystal grains have a hydrogen generation ability of 2 ml / g or less when contacting with a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the inventors of the present invention have the same silicon fine particles as the silicon fine particles (not a solid preparation) of the first embodiment except that citric acid is not contained, an aqueous solution in which sodium hydrogen carbonate is dissolved in pure water and The time change of the amount of hydrogen generated by making contact was investigated.
- the lid is made of polypropylene
- the inner lid is made of a multilayer filter made of polyethylene and polypropylene, whereby permeation and leakage of generated hydrogen can be sufficiently suppressed.
- silicone fine particle in which the above-mentioned 1st mixing process was not performed is shown in each graph for reference.
- the amount of dissolved hydrogen described above was measured using a portable dissolved hydrogen concentration meter (manufactured by Toa DKK Corporation, model DH-35A) manufactured by Toa DKK Corporation.
- FIG. 3 (a) and FIG. 3 (b) it was revealed that the generation of hydrogen is promoted by performing the first mixing step.
- a hydrogen generation amount of 40 ml or more in 2 hours is continuously obtained after 2 hours from the start of hydrogen generation. Is worthy of special mention.
- the amount of hydrogen generated by silicon microparticles in the first mixing step for 60 minutes is less than the amount of hydrogen generated in silicon microparticles for 30 minutes in the oxidation process on the surface of silicon microparticles. It is thought that it affects the difference in thickness of the film. In other words, since the silicon fine particles in the first mixing step for 60 minutes have a thicker oxide film than the silicon fine particles for 60 minutes, it is difficult to directly contact the medium (aqueous solution) with the silicon fine particles so that hydrogen is generated. It is considered to be suppressed.
- the mixing time of the first mixing step is more than 2 minutes and not more than 50 minutes (more preferably 3 minutes to 40 minutes, still more preferably 4 minutes to 30 minutes. If it is less than 5 minutes, most preferably 5 minutes or more and 20 minutes or less), it is possible to realize a state having a sufficient surface area capable of being in direct contact with the medium while appropriately maintaining the hydrophilicity of the silicon fine particle surface. As a result, the generation of hydrogen can be more accurately promoted within the aforementioned mixing time range.
- Example 3 Sample A: 200 mg of a solid preparation pulverized once by a pelleter and charged into 2 ml of a water-containing liquid having a pH value of 8.2. (Water-containing liquid is pure water.) Sample B: 200 mg of a solid preparation was added to 2 ml of a water-containing solution having a pH value of 8.2.
- Sample C 200 mg of a solid preparation which had been once molded by a pelleter, which had been pulverized, was placed in 2 ml of pure water.
- Sample D 200 mg of a solid preparation was placed in 2 ml of pure water.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of generated hydrogen (ppm) and the reaction time (minutes) of the samples A to D described above. As shown in FIG. 4, it was confirmed that the crushed solid preparation had a tendency that the amount of generated hydrogen was significantly larger with the passage of time than the ungrounded solid preparation. This suggests that, for example, when a solid preparation that has been chewed by humans enters the body, the amount of hydrogen generation is larger than when the human swallows the solid preparation as it is. In addition, the pH of the water-containing solution with a pH value of 8.2 tends to generate more hydrogen than pure water, suggesting that the reaction with intestinal fluid increases the amount of hydrogen generation.
- FIG. 5 shows that a normal diet (comparative example in FIG. 5) or a solid preparation (feed) for a 6-week-old SD rat (Sprague-Dawley rat, referred to as “SD rat” in the present application)
- SD rat Sprague-Dawley rat, referred to as “SD rat” in the present application
- Form is a graph which shows hydrogen concentration (ppb) in 200 microliters (microliter) of blood when it is ingested for 8 weeks.
- FIG. 6 shows exhaled breath in the case where a normal diet (comparative example in FIG. 6) or a solid preparation (feed) (this embodiment in FIG.
- FIG. 7 shows the degree of anti-oxidation when a normal diet (comparative example in FIG. 7) or a solid preparation (feed) (this embodiment in FIG. 7) is ingested in 6 week old SD rats for 8 weeks
- the BAP test was measured using a FREE Carrio Duo device (manufactured by Diacron International, model DI-601M).
- FIG. 8 shows an implementation plan (protocol) for confirming the preventive effect of the solid preparation 100 of the first embodiment using a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model.
- W represents how many weeks after the observation start of the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model.
- “4 W” means 4 weeks after the observation start of the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model.
- Example 4 In this experiment, 5 of the following two types ((1) comparative example and (2) first embodiment (hereinafter, also referred to as “this embodiment” up to the description of the second embodiment))) / 6 nephrectomized rat models were used for comparison.
- FIG. 9 is a histopathological image (HE staining) of the kidney after 4 weeks in the above-mentioned execution plan. Specifically, FIG. 9 (a) is a kidney of a rat which has taken a normal feed, and FIG. 9 (b) is a kidney of a rat which has received the feed of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 (a) it is confirmed that the symptoms of chronic kidney disease are prominent. Specifically, dilation of the tubule, which is thought to be due to roughened glomeruli (Y in FIG. 9 (a)) and ischemia, and thinning of tubular epithelial cells were confirmed. In addition, as shown by X in the figure, it was also confirmed that the fibrosis of the renal tubulointerstitium has progressed. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9 (b), in the present embodiment, the above-mentioned various findings were not observed.
- FIG. 10 is a graph which shows the condition of the fibrosis of the renal tubule interstice of this embodiment and a comparative example four weeks after the observation start of a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model.
- the fibrosis of the renal tubular interstitium is a significant difference, as compared with the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of the present embodiment. It was confirmed that it was in progress. Therefore, it has become clear that the administration of the solid preparation of the present embodiment can suppress fibrosis of the renal interstitium with high accuracy.
- FIG. 11 shows the amount of creatinine in the serum of the present embodiment and a comparative example, that is, the model creation date of the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model, and four weeks after the start of observation after creating the model (ie, the amount of creatinine , “Serum creatinine value”) (mg / dl (deciliter)).
- the solid preparation of the present embodiment reduces the renal function. It has become clear that it can significantly contribute to the effect of suppressing or maintaining the renal function (typically, the effect of suppressing the progression of chronic renal failure) or the improving effect of the renal function. Therefore, as a result of realizing reduction or elimination of hydroxyl radicals in the body by hydrogen generated from silicon microparticles or the aggregate thereof possessed by the drug (solid preparation) of the present embodiment, a preventive effect on diseases of the kidney is obtained. Conceivable.
- the present inventors conducted, as a confirmation experiment, serum creatinine when an 8-week-old 5/6 nephrectomized rat model was fed with a normal feed or a solid preparation (feed) for 8 weeks as in Example 4 described above. The results of the values and of the urinary protein excretion were analyzed. In addition, the rat model which received only normal feed was made into the comparative example.
- the solid preparation (feed) adopted in this confirmation experiment is only the solid preparation (feed) having a silicon fine particle (and / or crystal grain of silicon) content rate of 2.5 wt% according to the above-mentioned embodiment
- the solid preparation (feed) wherein the content is 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1.0 wt%.
- the manufacturing method of the solid preparation (feed) of each above-mentioned content rate is the same as the method demonstrated in 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the results of serum creatinine levels.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing the results of urinary protein excretion. Note that the “present embodiment” in FIGS. 12 and 13 has a silicon fine particle (and / or crystal grain of silicon) content ratio of 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, and 2.5 wt%. % Is a solid preparation (feed).
- the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of the comparative example and the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model of the present embodiment are independent of the silicon fine particle (and / or silicon crystal grain) content rate.
- the above-mentioned solid preparation (feed) has the effect of suppressing the decrease in renal function or maintaining the renal function (typically, the effect of suppressing the progression of chronic renal failure). It could be confirmed that it could significantly contribute to the improvement effect of kidney function or kidney function.
- the present inventors started administration of a normal feed or a solid preparation (feed) to 7-week-old rats as a confirmation experiment.
- the artery and vein of the left kidney of the 8-week-old rat from the start of administration were blocked. After 60 minutes, the block was released and the right kidney was removed.
- the results of serum creatinine levels 24 and 72 hours after release of the block in this condition, and the results of urinary protein excretion after 24 hours were analyzed.
- the rat model which received only normal feed was made into the comparative example.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the results of serum creatinine levels.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the results of urinary protein excretion.
- the solid preparation (feed) adopted in this confirmation experiment is a solid preparation (feed) having a silicon fine particle (and / or crystal grain of silicon) content rate of the above-mentioned present embodiment of 2.5 wt%.
- the method of producing the solid preparation (feed) is the same as the method described in the first embodiment.
- the solid preparation of each of the above-described embodiments (including the modification) is a drug for a disease of the kidney.
- the drug is typically a drug for chronic renal failure, but the target disease for which the pharmacological effect of the solid preparation of each of the above-described embodiments (including the modification) is obtained is not limited to chronic renal failure.
- the above-described embodiments (modifications ) Solid formulations can function as medicaments.
- Second Embodiment In this embodiment, a confirmation experiment was conducted on the therapeutic effect of the solid preparation 100 as an example of the “drug” of the first embodiment using the 5/6 nephrectomy rat model described in Example 4.
- FIG. 16 is for confirmation of therapeutic effect by the solid preparation of the first embodiment (containing 2.5 wt% of silicon fine particles (and / or crystal grains of silicon)) using a 5/6 nephrectomy rat model
- It is an implementation plan (protocol).
- the description overlapping with the description in the first embodiment may be omitted.
- the same operation as in the first embodiment is performed to create a model.
- only normal feed hereinafter, also referred to as “feed of the present embodiment” or “solid preparation” mixed with silicon fine particles shown in FIG. 1 (b) is administered.
- the solid preparation of the present invention can greatly contribute to the effect of suppressing the reduction of renal function or maintaining the renal function (typically, the effect of suppressing the progression of chronic renal failure) or the improving effect of the renal function. Therefore, by achieving reduction or elimination of hydroxyl radicals in the body by hydrogen produced from silicon microparticles or the aggregate thereof possessed by the drug (solid preparation) of the present embodiment, therapeutic effects on diseases of the kidney can be exhibited. .
- the above-mentioned solid preparation is a drug for a disease of the kidney.
- the drug is typically a drug for chronic renal failure, but the target disease for which the pharmacological effect of the solid preparation of the present embodiment can be obtained is limited to chronic renal failure. I will not.
- the solid preparation of the present embodiment is used as a drug It can work.
- the present inventors excised 2/3 of the left kidney of a 7-week-old rat and started administration of a normal feed or a solid preparation (feed).
- the results of serum creatinine levels and the results of urinary protein excretion were analyzed when all right kidneys of rats aged 8 weeks after the start of administration were removed.
- various data described later four weeks and eight weeks later were acquired.
- the rat model which received only normal feed was made into the comparative example.
- the solid preparation (feed) adopted in this confirmation experiment is only the solid preparation (feed) having a silicon fine particle (and / or crystal grain of silicon) content rate of 2.5 wt% according to the above-mentioned embodiment
- the solid preparation (feed) wherein the content is 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1.0 wt%.
- the manufacturing method of the solid preparation (feed) of each above-mentioned content rate is the same as the method demonstrated in 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the results of serum creatinine levels.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing the results of urinary protein excretion. Note that the “present embodiment” in FIGS. 17 and 18 has a silicon fine particle (and / or crystal grain of silicon) content ratio of 0.1 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1.0 wt%, and 2.5 wt%. % Is a solid preparation (feed).
- the chronic renal failure rat model (comparative example) to which a normal diet which is already in an aggravated state was administered regardless of the content of silicon microparticles (and / or grains of silicon)
- a significant difference from the chronic renal failure rat model of the embodiment could be confirmed. Therefore, the above-mentioned solid preparation (feed) suppresses renal dysfunction, maintains renal function, or cures renal function that has deteriorated (or improves renal function) (typically, chronic renal failure It can be confirmed that it can greatly contribute to the effect of suppressing the progression of the disease and the ability to cure chronic renal failure) or the improvement effect of the renal function.
- one aspect of the method for producing silicon microparticles in the above-mentioned drug (solid preparation) is to pulverize silicon particles having a crystal grain size of more than 1 ⁇ m by a physical pulverization method, and include a crystallite size of 1 nm to 100 nm.
- Preferred examples of the physical pulverizing method are a method of pulverizing by a bead milling method, a planetary ball milling method, a shock wave milling method, a high pressure collision method, a jet milling method, or a combination of two or more of these. It is also possible to adopt known chemical methods. However, from the viewpoint of production cost or easiness of production control, a particularly suitable example is a bead mill grinding method alone or a grinding method including at least a bead mill grinding method.
- silicon particles which are commercially available high purity silicon particle powder, are adopted as the starting material, but the starting material is not limited to such silicon particles.
- the adoption of porous crystal grains having voids of nano order means that particles having a large diameter as a whole and / Alternatively, this is a preferred embodiment because it can be realized to use particles with a large surface area.
- the silicon microparticles in each of the embodiments described above are silicon microparticles that do not pass through the cell membranes and cells of the intestinal tract, and aggregates of the silicon microparticles do not pass through the cell membranes described above and the cells described above.
- the intestinal fluid is weakly alkaline. Therefore, in each of the above-described embodiments, in order to support the realization of its weak alkalinity, for example, a mixture of the silicon microparticles and a bicarbonate such as sodium bicarbonate or potassium bicarbonate is administered in advance. Is one of the effective methods. In that case, it is preferable to make the mixture enteric for protecting it from gastric acid and dissolving it in the intestine, for example, because it is degraded by human gastric acid. Therefore, the administration method is oral administration of an enteric solution containing silicon fine particles having hydrogen generation ability, aggregates of the silicon fine particles, or crystal grains of silicon and bicarbonate in each of the embodiments described above. Is a preferred embodiment.
- the agent of the present invention and the method for producing the same can be widely used in the medical industry, the pharmaceutical industry and the health industry.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態の固形製剤は、水素の発生能を有するシリコン微細粒子又は該シリコン微細粒子の凝集体(以下、総称して「シリコン微細粒子」ともいう)、あるいはシリコンの結晶粒を含む。以下に、本実施形態の「薬剤」の一例としての、シリコン微細粒子、及び該シリコン微細粒子、あるいは該結晶粒を含む固形製剤について詳述する。加えて、本実施形態の薬剤の製造方法又は該薬剤の原体の製造方法についても詳述する。
本実施形態の固形製剤は、シリコン粒子としての市販の高純度シリコン粒子粉末(代表的には、高純度化学研究所社製、粒度分布<φ5μm(但し、結晶粒径が1μm超のシリコン粒子)、純度99.9%、i型シリコン)をビーズミル法によって微細化した、シリコンナノ粒子を含み得るシリコン微細粒子(以下、代表して、「シリコン微細粒子」ともいう)を用いて製造される。本実施形態においては、エタノール溶液中でシリコン粒子を粉砕することによって該シリコン微細粒子又は該シリコン微細粒子の凝集体を形成する工程が採用される。なお、本実施形態において開示される方法は上述の方法に限定されない。
第1の実施形態の薬剤(又は固形製剤100)の製造方法、又は薬剤(又は固形製剤100)の原体の製造方法において、体内の適切な環境下において水素がより発生し易い条件を満たすように、換言すれば水素がより発生し易いpH値の数値範囲内に収まるように調整する「pH調整剤」を薬剤(又は固形製剤)中に導入する導入工程をさらに含むことは、好適な一態様である。
第1の実施形態の薬剤(又は固形製剤100)が、第1の実施形態のシリコン微細粒子、あるいはシリコンの結晶粒の服用性を改善するため、経口摂取に適するように調剤されていることは、好適な一態様である。例えば、固形製剤100の公知のゼリー製剤化を採用すること、又は、微粒剤、液剤、ドライシロップ剤、チュアブル剤、トローチ、細粒剤等の公知の製剤化を採用することは、他の好適な一態様である。
本実施形態においては、第1の実施形態で用いたのと同じ高純度シリコン粒子粉末(代表的には、結晶粒径が1μm超のシリコン粒子)を、第1の実施形態で説明した手順で一段階粉砕する。また、本実施形態においては、一段階粉砕に用いるφ0.5μmのジルコニア製ビーズ(容量750ml)が、ビーズミル粉砕室内部において、自動的にシリコン微細粒子を含む溶液から分離される。さらに、ビーズが分離されシリコン微細粒子を含む溶液に、0.3μmのジルコニア製ビーズ(容量300ml)を加えて4時間、回転数2500rpmで粉砕(二段階粉砕)して微細化する。
ところで、第1の実施形態の固形製剤100又は第1の実施形態の変形例(1)及び(2)において説明した固形製剤を被覆する、生理学的に許容可能な被覆層がさらに設けられることも、採用し得る他の一態様である。例えば、固形製剤100の最外層を覆うコーティング剤である、公知の胃難溶性腸溶性の材料を採用することができる。また、カプセル剤として適用し得る生理学的に許容可能な被覆層の例は、シリコン微細粒子(主として、シリコン微細粒子の凝集体)、あるいはシリコンの結晶粒を内包する、公知の胃難溶性腸溶性材料から製造されるカプセルである。なお、固形製剤100を採用した場合は、さらに崩壊剤を含んでもよい。また、崩壊剤については、公知の材料を採用することができる。加えて、より好適な崩壊剤の例は、有機酸であり、最も好適な例はクエン酸である。ここで、有機酸は、シリコン微細粒子を塊状にする結合剤としても機能し得る。
以下、上述の各実施形態をより詳細に説明するために、実施例を挙げて説明するが、上述の実施形態はこれらの例によって限定されるものではない。
本願発明者らは、シリコン微細粒子自身を評価するために、ペレッターによる成型工程を行わずに水素の発生状況を調べた。具体的には、実施例1として、第1の実施形態における一段階粉砕によって処理されたシリコン微細粒子を用いて実験を行った。
実施例2は、水道水30mlを入れて、液温を37℃の温度条件とした以外は実施例1と同じである。
また、本願発明者らは、クエン酸を含まない点を除いて第1実施形態のシリコン微細粒子(固形製剤ではない)と同じシリコン微細粒子を、純水に炭酸水素ナトリウムを溶解させた水溶液とを接触させることによって発生した水素量の時間変化を調べた。
また、本願発明者らは、上述の実施例1~実施例2の結果に加えて、ペレッターによる成型加工を施した、第1の実施形態の固形製剤100について、条件の異なる下記4つの試料A~Dに関する水素発生量(ppm)の評価を行った。
(実施例3)
試料A:一旦ペレッターによって成型した固形製剤を粉砕したもの200mgを、pH値は8.2の水含有液2ml中に投入したもの。(水含有液は、純水。)
試料B:固形製剤200mgを、pH値は8.2の水含有液2ml中に投入したもの。(水含有液は、純水。)
試料C:一旦ペレッターによって成型した固形製剤を粉砕したもの200mgを、純水2ml中に投入したもの。
試料D:固形製剤200mgを、純水2ml中に投入したもの。
また、図5は、6週齢のSDラット(Sprague-Dawley rat、本願では「SDラット」という)に通常飼料(図5中の比較例)又は固形製剤(飼料)(図5中の本実施形態)を8週間摂取させた場合の、血液200μl(マイクロリットル)中の水素濃度(ppb)を示すグラフである。加えて、図6は、6週齢のSDラットに通常飼料(図6中の比較例)又は固形製剤(飼料)(図6中の本実施形態)を8週間摂取させた場合の、呼気中の水素濃度(ppb)を示すグラフである。なお、血液中の水素濃度は、センサガスクロマトグラフ装置(エフアイエス社製、型式SGHA-P2)によって測定した。また、呼気中の水素濃度はラットを完全密閉容器に8分間留置後、同様にセンサガスクロマトグラフ装置(エフアイエス社製、型式SGHA-P2)によって測定した。
上述の各基礎的実験を踏まえ、本願発明者らは、5/6腎摘除ラットモデルを用いた、第1の実施形態の固形製剤100による予防効果に対する確認実験を行った。図8は、5/6腎摘除ラットモデルを用いた、第1の実施形態の固形製剤100による予防効果確認のための実施計画(プロトコール)である。なお、図8以降の各図面において、「W」は、5/6腎摘除ラットモデルの観察開始から何週間後であるか、を表している。例えば、「4W」は、5/6腎摘除ラットモデルの観察開始から4週間後を意味する。
本実験においては、以下の2種類((1)比較例及び(2)第1の実施形態(以下、第2の実施形態の説明に至るまでは「本実施形態」ともいう。))の5/6腎摘除ラットモデルを用いて比較した。
(1)比較例(コントロール群):生後、図1(a)に示す通常飼料のみを投与する。7週齢のラットの左腎臓を2/3摘出し、8週齢のラットの右腎臓全てを摘出することによって本実験の5/6腎摘除ラットモデルとする。なお、該8週齢のラットを基準として、その4週間後及び8週間後の後述する各種のデータを取得する。
(2)本実施形態:生後、通常飼料を6週間与える。7週齢時及び8週齢時に、比較例と同様の手術を施行しモデル作成を行う。6週齢以降、図1(b)に示すシリコン微細粒子が混錬された通常飼料(以下、「本実施形態の飼料」又は「固形製剤」ともいう)のみを投与する。それ以外の条件は比較例と同じである。比較例と同様に、8週齢のラットを基準として、その4週間後及び8週間後の後述する各種のデータを取得する。
(A)血中に取り込まれ、血流に乗って各臓器(腎臓等)に送給される。
(B)分子量の小さい水素が腸管等から粘膜を通過して、いわば直接、腎臓に送給される。
なお、本願発明者らは、慢性腎不全に関する上述の予防効果の再現性を確認するために次の実験を行った。
本願発明者らは、急性腎不全に関する上述の予防効果の再現性を確認するために次の実験を行った。
本実施形態においては、実施例4において説明した5/6腎摘除ラットモデルを用いた、第1の実施形態の「薬剤」の一例としての固形製剤100による治療効果に対する確認実験を行った。
なお、本願発明者らは、慢性腎不全に関する上述の治療効果の再現性を確認するために次の実験を行った。
なお、上述の薬剤(固形製剤)におけるシリコン微細粒子の製造方法の1つの態様は、結晶粒径が1μm超のシリコン粒子を物理的粉砕法により微細化し、結晶子径が1nm以上100nm以下を含み得るシリコン微細粒子とする工程を含む。物理的粉砕法の好適な例は、ビーズミル粉砕法、遊星ボールミル粉砕法、衝撃波粉砕法、高圧衝突法、ジェットミル粉砕法、又はこれらを2種以上組み合わせた粉砕法によって粉砕する方法である。また、公知の化学法を採用することも可能である。但し、製造コスト又は、製造管理の容易性の観点から言えば、特に好適な例は、ビーズミル粉砕法のみ、又はビーズミル粉砕法を少なくとも含む粉砕法である。
Claims (13)
- 水素発生能を有するシリコン微細粒子、該シリコン微細粒子の凝集体、又はシリコンの結晶粒を含む、腎臓の疾患のための、
薬剤。 - 前記疾患が、腎線維症、急性腎障害、腎虚血再灌流傷害、薬剤性腎障害、及び慢性腎臓病の群から選択される少なくとも一種である、
請求項1に記載の薬剤。 - 前記薬剤が、経口摂取に適するように調剤されている、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載の薬剤。 - 前記シリコン微細粒子は、腸管の細胞膜及び細胞間を通過しない前記シリコン微細粒子であり、
前記凝集体は、前記細胞膜及び前記細胞間を通過しない前記凝集体であり、
前記結晶粒は、前記細胞膜及び前記細胞間を通過しない前記結晶粒である、
請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の薬剤。 - 純水中で崩壊させたときの水含有液のpH値を7超9未満とするpH値調整剤をさらに含む、
請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の薬剤。 - 重炭酸塩を含有する腸溶剤である、
請求項1乃至請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の薬剤。 - 投与方法が、前記シリコン微細粒子、前記凝集体、又は前記結晶粒と、重炭酸塩とを含有する腸溶剤の経口投与である、
請求項1乃至請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の薬剤。 - 徐放性を有する、
請求項1乃至請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の薬剤。 - 前記シリコン微細粒子が、実質的に結晶子径が1nm以上100nm以下のシリコン微細粒子を含む、
請求項1乃至請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の薬剤。 - ヒドロキシルラジカルと、腸内及び/又は血中の水素とを反応させることによって、前記腎臓に対する酸化ストレスの低減又は消滅させる、
請求項1乃至請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の薬剤。 - 請求項1乃至請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の前記薬剤の原体の製造方法であって、
前記シリコン微細粒子、前記凝集体、又は前記結晶粒と過酸化水素水とを接触させる過酸化水素水処理工程、を備える、
薬剤の原体の製造方法。 - さらに、前記過酸化水素水処理工程の前に、エタノール溶液中でシリコン粒子を粉砕することによって前記シリコン微細粒子、前記凝集体、又は前記結晶粒を形成する工程を含む、
請求項11に記載の薬剤の原体の製造方法。 - さらに、前記過酸化水素水処理工程の後に、前記シリコン微細粒子、前記凝集体、又は前記結晶粒を、生理学的に許容可能な母材中に含有させるときに、純水中で崩壊させたときの水含有液のpH値を4以上7未満とするpH値調整剤を含ませるpH値調整剤含有工程を含む、
請求項11又は請求項12に記載の薬剤の原体の製造方法。
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