WO2019187591A1 - めっき造形物の製造方法 - Google Patents
めっき造形物の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019187591A1 WO2019187591A1 PCT/JP2019/002818 JP2019002818W WO2019187591A1 WO 2019187591 A1 WO2019187591 A1 WO 2019187591A1 JP 2019002818 W JP2019002818 W JP 2019002818W WO 2019187591 A1 WO2019187591 A1 WO 2019187591A1
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- 0 C*(C)[N+]([O-])O* Chemical compound C*(C)[N+]([O-])O* 0.000 description 6
- LAUXJHXHHKYKII-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=NC(C(C1)CC2CC1C1)C1OC2=O Chemical compound C=NC(C(C1)CC2CC1C1)C1OC2=O LAUXJHXHHKYKII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INMULQPOUJODKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C1NCCC11)OC1=O Chemical compound CC(C1NCCC11)OC1=O INMULQPOUJODKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPIYRSCRNNBXNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC(OCCNC)=O Chemical compound CCCC(OCCNC)=O GPIYRSCRNNBXNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBTVRFLWSQFFNU-UHFFFAOYSA-O C[S+](C)c(c1c2)cccc1ccc2O Chemical compound C[S+](C)c(c1c2)cccc1ccc2O YBTVRFLWSQFFNU-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cc1ccccc1 Chemical compound Cc1ccccc1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYBRCKYEBDBPCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(CS1CCCC1)c1ccc(cccc2)c2c1 Chemical compound O=C(CS1CCCC1)c1ccc(cccc2)c2c1 LYBRCKYEBDBPCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXRZSXPTGIABAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C1OCC2C1C1C(C3CC4CC3)C4C2C1 Chemical compound O=C1OCC2C1C1C(C3CC4CC3)C4C2C1 KXRZSXPTGIABAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=S1(CCCC1)=O Chemical compound O=S1(CCCC1)=O HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/09—Photosensitive materials characterised by structural details, e.g. supports, auxiliary layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/02—Electroplating of selected surface areas
- C25D5/022—Electroplating of selected surface areas using masking means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
- G03F7/0397—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition the macromolecular compound having an alicyclic moiety in a side chain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/40—Treatment after imagewise removal, e.g. baking
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/42—Stripping or agents therefor
- G03F7/427—Stripping or agents therefor using plasma means only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a plated model using a pattern formed using a photosensitive composition as a mold.
- Photofabrication is the mainstream of precision micromachining technology.
- Photofabrication is the application of a photoresist composition to the workpiece surface to form a photoresist layer, patterning the photoresist layer by photolithography technology, chemical etching and electrolysis using the patterned photoresist layer (photoresist pattern) as a mask.
- photolithography technology e.g., lithography technology
- chemical etching and electrolysis e.g., chemical etching and electrolysis using the patterned photoresist layer (photoresist pattern) as a mask.
- It is a generic name for technologies for manufacturing various precision parts such as semiconductor packages by performing etching or electroforming mainly composed of electroplating.
- connection terminals for example, protruding electrodes (mounting terminals) such as bumps protruding on the package, or metal posts that connect the rewirings extending from the peripheral terminals on the wafer and the mounting terminals. Etc. are arranged on the substrate with high accuracy.
- a photoresist composition is used for such photofabrication.
- a photoresist composition for example, a chemically amplified photoresist composition containing an acid generator is known (Patent Document 1, (See 2 etc.).
- the chemically amplified photoresist composition generates an acid from the acid generator by irradiation (exposure), and the acid diffusion is promoted by the heat treatment to cause an acid catalytic reaction to the base resin or the like in the composition.
- the alkali solubility changes.
- Such a photoresist composition is used, for example, for forming a plating shaped article such as a bump, a metal post, and a Cu rewiring by a plating process.
- a photoresist composition a photoresist layer having a desired thickness is formed on a support such as a metal substrate, exposed through a predetermined mask pattern, developed, and a plated model is obtained.
- a photoresist pattern used as a template from which a portion to be formed is selectively removed (peeled) is formed.
- conductors, such as copper, in this removed part (non-resist part) by plating a bump, a metal post, and Cu rewiring can be formed by removing the surrounding photoresist pattern. .
- connection terminals such as bumps and metal posts by the plating process and the formation of Cu rewiring
- the cross-sectional shape of the non-resist portion of the resist pattern serving as a mold is rectangular. By doing so, it is possible to sufficiently ensure the contact area between the connection terminals such as bumps and metal posts, the bottom surface of the Cu rewiring, and the support. If it does so, it will be easy to form the connection terminal and Cu rewiring which have favorable adhesiveness with a support body.
- a connection pattern such as a bump and a metal post, or a resist pattern serving as a template for forming a Cu rewiring is made of metal.
- the bottom of the non-resist part is narrower than the top of the non-resist part due to the resist part protruding to the non-resist part side at the contact surface between the substrate surface and the resist pattern. Is likely to occur.
- JP-A-9-176112 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-52562 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-184389
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, while suppressing footing in the pattern when forming a pattern used as a mold for forming a plated model using the photosensitive composition, while An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a plated shaped article, which can form a plated shaped article having good adhesion to a metal surface on a substrate using the above mold.
- the inventors of the present invention have developed a resist pattern used as a mold for forming a plated article, and a photosensitive pattern containing a sulfur-containing compound and / or a nitrogen-containing compound having a predetermined structure.
- the above-mentioned problem can be solved by ashing the surface made of metal exposed from the non-resist portion of the resist pattern used as a mold before forming the plating modeled object using the adhesive composition.
- the headline and the present invention were completed. Specifically, the present invention provides the following.
- the present invention comprises a step of preparing a substrate having a metal layer on the surface and a photosensitive composition; Applying a photosensitive composition to a substrate to form a photosensitive composition film; Exposing the photosensitive composition film; Developing the exposed photosensitive composition film and forming a pattern to expose at least a portion of the metal layer on the substrate; Using the pattern as a mold to form a plated object; A method for producing a plated shaped article,
- the photosensitive composition contains a sulfur-containing compound and / or a nitrogen-containing compound,
- the sulfur-containing compound contains a sulfur atom coordinated to the metal constituting the metal layer;
- the nitrogen-containing compound contains a nitrogen atom constituting a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle that coordinates to the metal constituting the metal layer;
- Provided is a method for manufacturing a plated model, which further includes a step of performing an ashing process on the surface of the exposed metal layer between the step of forming a pattern and the step of forming a plated model.
- this invention provides the provision method of the photosensitive composition which provides the said photosensitive composition with respect to the process line which performs the manufacturing method of said plating molded object.
- the metal on the substrate using the above-described mold while suppressing the footing in the pattern when forming the pattern used as the mold for forming the plated article using the photosensitive composition. It is possible to provide a method for producing a plated model, which can form a plated model with good adhesion to the surface.
- Example and a comparative example it is a figure which shows typically the cross section of the resist pattern observed when measuring the footing amount in the non-resist part in a resist pattern.
- the manufacturing method of the plating model is Preparing a substrate having a metal layer on the surface and a photosensitive composition; Applying a photosensitive composition to a substrate to form a photosensitive composition film; Exposing the photosensitive composition film; Developing the exposed photosensitive composition film and forming a pattern to expose at least a portion of the metal layer on the substrate; Using the pattern as a mold to form a plated object; including. And said manufacturing method further includes the process of performing an ashing process with respect to the surface of the exposed metal layer between the process of forming a pattern, and the process of forming a metal-plating modeling thing.
- the process of preparing the substrate having the metal layer on the surface and the photosensitive composition is also referred to as “preparation process”.
- the process of applying a photosensitive composition to a substrate to form a photosensitive composition film is also referred to as a “film forming process”.
- the process of exposing the photosensitive composition film is also referred to as “exposure process”.
- the step of developing the exposed photosensitive composition film to form a pattern so as to expose at least a part of the metal layer on the substrate is also referred to as a “pattern formation step”.
- a step of performing an ashing process on the exposed surface of the metal layer is also referred to as an “ashing step”.
- the process of forming a plated model using the pattern as a mold is also referred to as a “plating process”.
- the photosensitive composition used for forming a pattern serving as a mold includes a sulfur-containing compound having a predetermined structure and / or a nitrogen-containing compound portion, and has a pattern having a desired film thickness.
- Any photosensitive composition that can be formed is not particularly limited.
- the aforementioned sulfur-containing compound contains a sulfur atom that coordinates to the metal constituting the metal layer on the substrate.
- the aforementioned nitrogen-containing compound contains a nitrogen atom constituting a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle that coordinates to the metal constituting the metal layer on the substrate.
- the photosensitive composition containing such a sulfur-containing compound and / or nitrogen-containing compound it is possible to suppress the footing in the pattern formed as a casting mold, and as a result, the cross-sectional shape of the non-pattern part is good.
- a rectangular pattern for a mold can be formed.
- a substrate having a metal layer on the surface and a photosensitive composition are prepared. It does not specifically limit as a board
- the photosensitive composition is not particularly limited as long as it contains a sulfur-containing compound having a predetermined structure and / or a nitrogen-containing compound and can form a pattern with a desired film thickness.
- a photosensitive composition after explaining the manufacturing method of a plating molded article, it demonstrates in detail.
- a photosensitive composition is applied to the substrate to form a photosensitive composition film.
- the photosensitive composition film is formed on the substrate as follows, for example. That is, a liquid photosensitive composition is applied on a substrate, and the solvent is removed by heating to form a photosensitive composition film having a desired film thickness.
- the thickness of the photosensitive composition film is not particularly limited as long as a resist pattern serving as a mold can be formed with a desired film thickness.
- the film thickness of the photosensitive composition film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 1 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, and most preferably 3 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- a spin coating method, a slit coating method, a roll coating method, a screen printing method, an applicator method, or the like can be employed. It is preferable to pre-bake the photosensitive composition film. Prebaking conditions vary depending on the type of each component in the photosensitive composition, the blending ratio, the coating film thickness, and the like, but are usually 70 ° C. or higher and 200 ° C. or lower, preferably 80 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower, and 2 minutes or longer and 120 minutes. Less than a minute.
- the photosensitive composition film formed on the substrate is exposed.
- the patterning by image development is performed in the pattern formation process mentioned later. For this reason, position-selective exposure is performed on the photosensitive composition film so that a portion where the plated model is formed is removed by development.
- the photosensitive composition film is selectively irradiated (exposed) with actinic rays or radiation, for example, ultraviolet rays or visible rays having a wavelength of 300 nm to 500 nm through a mask having a predetermined pattern.
- a low-pressure mercury lamp As a radiation source, a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, an ultrahigh-pressure mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon gas laser, or the like can be used.
- the radiation includes microwaves, infrared rays, visible rays, ultraviolet rays, X-rays, ⁇ rays, electron beams, proton beams, neutron beams, ion beams, and the like. Dose of radiation varies depending on the film thickness and the like of the composition or the photosensitive composition layer of the photosensitive composition, for example, in the case of ultra-high pressure mercury lamp used is 100 mJ / cm 2 or more 10000 mJ / cm 2 or less.
- the photosensitive composition contains a photoacid generator
- the photosensitive composition film is exposed to light by promoting diffusion of the acid by heating the photosensitive composition film using a known method.
- the alkali solubility of the photosensitive composition film can be changed.
- the exposed photosensitive composition film is developed to form a pattern so that at least a part of the metal layer on the substrate is exposed.
- the exposed photosensitive composition film is thus developed according to a conventionally known method, and unnecessary portions are dissolved and removed, thereby forming a mold for forming a plated shaped article.
- an alkaline aqueous solution is preferably used as the developer.
- Examples of the developer include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, aqueous ammonia, ethylamine, n-propylamine, diethylamine, di-n-propylamine, triethylamine, methyldiethylamine, Dimethylethanolamine, triethanolamine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, pyrrole, piperidine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] -7-undecene, 1,5-diazabicyclo [4,3,
- An aqueous solution of an alkali such as 0] -5-nonane can be used.
- an aqueous solution obtained by adding an appropriate amount of a water-soluble organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol or a surfactant to the alkaline aqueous solution can also be used as a developer.
- the development time varies depending on the composition of the photosensitive composition, the film thickness of the photosensitive composition film, and the like, but is usually between 1 minute and 30 minutes.
- the developing method may be any of a liquid piling method, a dipping method, a paddle method, a spray developing method, and the like.
- a template-equipped substrate that includes a resist pattern that serves as a template for forming a plated structure on the metal layer of the substrate.
- ⁇ Ashing process> an ashing process is performed on the surface of the metal layer exposed in the non-patterned portion of the resist pattern serving as a mold for forming a plated model.
- the effect of suppressing footing when forming a mold for forming a plated model is considered to be brought about by the coordination of the aforementioned sulfur-containing compound and / or nitrogen-containing compound to the surface of the metal layer on the substrate. .
- the surface of the metal layer of the plated model is formed. There is a problem that the adhesion is easily impaired.
- the inventors of the present application have studied, and by performing the above ashing treatment, a pattern formed using a photosensitive composition containing a sulfur-containing compound and / or a nitrogen-containing compound as a template. Even when used, it has been found that a plated model can be formed that adheres well to the surface of the metal layer. From this, it is speculated that the sulfur-containing compound and / or nitrogen-containing compound derived from the photosensitive composition coordinated on the surface of the metal layer inhibits the adhesion of the plated model to the substrate.
- the ashing treatment is not particularly limited as long as the ashing process is a method that does not damage the resist pattern serving as a mold for forming a plated modeled object so that a plated modeled object having a desired shape cannot be formed.
- a preferable ashing treatment method includes a method using oxygen plasma. In order to ash the surface of the metal layer on the substrate using oxygen plasma, oxygen plasma is generated using a known oxygen plasma generator and the surface of the metal layer on the substrate is irradiated with the oxygen plasma. do it.
- Various gases that have been conventionally used for plasma treatment together with oxygen can be mixed with the gas used for generating the oxygen plasma as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- gases include nitrogen gas, hydrogen gas, and CF 4 gas.
- Ashing conditions using oxygen plasma are not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, but the treatment time is, for example, in the range of 10 seconds to 20 minutes, and preferably in the range of 20 seconds to 18 minutes. More preferably, it is the range of 30 seconds or more and 15 minutes or less.
- ⁇ Plating process> By embedding a conductor such as metal in the non-resist portion of the resist pattern as a mold formed on the substrate by the above method by plating, for example, connection terminals such as bumps and metal posts, and Cu rewiring A plated model can be formed.
- the plating method is not particularly limited, and various conventionally known methods can be employed.
- As the plating solution solder plating, copper plating, gold plating, nickel plating solution is particularly preferably used.
- the remaining mold is finally removed using a stripping solution or the like according to a conventional method.
- the photosensitive composition is not particularly limited as long as it contains a sulfur-containing compound having a predetermined structure and / or a nitrogen-containing compound described later and can form a pattern with a desired film thickness.
- the photosensitive composition any of various conventionally known negative photosensitive compositions and positive photosensitive compositions can be used.
- the positive photosensitive composition includes a non-chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition containing a quinonediazide group-containing compound and an alkali-soluble resin; an acid-dissociable leaving group, and the elimination
- the negative photosensitive composition for example, a polymerization negative photosensitive composition containing an alkali-soluble resin, a photopolymerizable monomer, and a photopolymerization initiator; an alkali-soluble resin, a crosslinking agent, Chemically amplified negative photosensitive composition containing an acid generator; has an acid-dissociable leaving group, and the leaving group is eliminated by the action of an acid generated from the photoacid generator upon exposure.
- Examples thereof include a chemically amplified negative photosensitive composition for a solvent development process containing at least a resin whose polarity is increased and a photoacid generator.
- the photosensitive composition it is preferable to use a positive photosensitive composition from the viewpoint that the resist pattern used as a mold after plating is easily peeled off. Further, as the positive photosensitive composition, a chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition is preferable because it is excellent in resolution and easy to form a fine pattern.
- the sulfur-containing compound and / or nitrogen-containing compound will be described in detail as components of the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition.
- the sulfur-containing compound and / or the nitrogen-containing compound described later can naturally be applied to various photosensitive compositions other than the preferred chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition.
- the amount of the sulfur-containing compound and / or nitrogen-containing compound in the photosensitive composition is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less when the solid content of the photosensitive composition is 100 parts by mass. 0.02 to 3 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.05 to 2 parts by mass is particularly preferable.
- the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition includes an acid generator (A) that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation (hereinafter also referred to as an acid generator (A)), and an alkali-soluble solution by the action of an acid.
- a composition containing a resin (B) whose properties are increased hereinafter also referred to as a resin (B)
- a sulfur-containing compound having a predetermined structure and / or a nitrogen-containing compound (C) is preferable.
- Such a preferable chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition may contain components such as an alkali-soluble resin (D), an acid diffusion inhibitor (E), and an organic solvent (S) as necessary.
- the film thickness of the resist pattern formed using the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition is not particularly limited.
- the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition is preferably used for forming a thick film resist pattern.
- the acid generator (A) is a compound that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that generates an acid directly or indirectly by light.
- the acid generator (A) the acid generators of the first to fifth embodiments described below are preferable.
- preferred embodiments of the acid generator (A) suitably used in the preferred chemical amplification type positive photosensitive composition will be described as first to fifth embodiments.
- Examples of the first aspect of the acid generator (A) include compounds represented by the following formula (a1).
- X 1a represents a sulfur atom or an iodine atom having a valence of g, and g is 1 or 2.
- h represents the number of repeating units in the structure in parentheses.
- R 1a is an organic group bonded to X 1a , an aryl group having 6 to 30 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic group having 4 to 30 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, Represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or an alkynyl group having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and R 1a represents alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylthio At least one selected from the group consisting of carbonyl, acyloxy, arylthio, alkylthio, aryl, heterocycle, aryloxy, alkylsulfin
- R 1a is g + h (g ⁇ 1) +1, and R 1a may be the same as or different from each other. Also, directly with each other two or more R 1a, or -O -, - S -, - SO -, - SO 2 -, - NH -, - NR 2a -, - CO -, - COO -, - CONH- May be bonded via an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a phenylene group to form a ring structure containing X 1a .
- R 2a is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- X 2a is a structure represented by the following formula (a2).
- X 4a represents a divalent group of an alkylene group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a heterocyclic compound having 8 to 20 carbon atoms.
- X 4a is selected from the group consisting of alkyl having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, hydroxy, cyano, nitro groups, and halogen. It may be substituted with at least one selected.
- X 5a is -O -, - S -, - SO -, - SO 2 -, - NH -, - NR 2a -, - CO -, - COO -, - CONH-, carbon atom number of 1 to 3 alkylene Represents a group or a phenylene group.
- h represents the number of repeating units in the structure in parentheses.
- the h + 1 X 4a and the h X 5a may be the same or different.
- R 2a is the same as defined above.
- X 3a- is a counter ion of onium and includes a fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate anion represented by the following formula (a17) or a borate anion represented by the following formula (a18).
- R 3a represents an alkyl group in which 80% or more of hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- j represents the number, and is an integer of 1 to 5.
- j R 3a may be the same or different.
- R 4a to R 7a each independently represents a fluorine atom or a phenyl group, and part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the phenyl group are selected from the group consisting of a fluorine atom and a trifluoromethyl group. It may be substituted with at least one selected from the above.
- Examples of the onium ion in the compound represented by the above formula (a1) include triphenylsulfonium, tri-p-tolylsulfonium, 4- (phenylthio) phenyldiphenylsulfonium, bis [4- (diphenylsulfonio) phenyl] sulfide, Bis [4- ⁇ bis [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] sulfonio ⁇ phenyl] sulfide, bis ⁇ 4- [bis (4-fluorophenyl) sulfonio] phenyl ⁇ sulfide, 4- (4-benzoyl-2- Chlorophenylthio) phenylbis (4-fluorophenyl) sulfonium, 7-isopropyl-9-oxo-10-thia-9,10-dihydroanthracen-2-yldi-p-tolylsulfonium, 7
- a preferable onium ion includes a sulfonium ion represented by the following formula (a19).
- R 8a is each independently a hydrogen atom, alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkyloxycarbonyl, halogen atom, aryl optionally having substituent (s), arylcarbonyl, Represents a group selected from the group consisting of X 2a represents the same meaning as X 2a in the formula (a1).
- sulfonium ion represented by the formula (a19) include 4- (phenylthio) phenyldiphenylsulfonium, 4- (4-benzoyl-2-chlorophenylthio) phenylbis (4-fluorophenyl) sulfonium, 4- (4-benzoylphenylthio) phenyldiphenylsulfonium, phenyl [4- (4-biphenylthio) phenyl] 4-biphenylsulfonium, phenyl [4- (4-biphenylthio) phenyl] 3-biphenylsulfonium, [4- (4 -Acetophenylthio) phenyl] diphenylsulfonium, diphenyl [4- (p-terphenylthio) phenyl] diphenylsulfonium.
- R 3a represents an alkyl group substituted with a fluorine atom, and preferably has 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to carbon atoms. 4 or less.
- the alkyl group include linear alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl and octyl; branched alkyl groups such as isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl and tert-butyl; and cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl and cyclopentyl.
- the ratio of the hydrogen atom of the alkyl group substituted by a fluorine atom is usually 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 100%.
- substitution rate of fluorine atoms is less than 80%, the acid strength of the onium fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate represented by the above formula (a1) is lowered.
- R 3a is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a substitution rate of 100% of fluorine atoms.
- Specific examples include CF 3 , CF 3 CF 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 CF, CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 CF 2 , (CF 3 ) 2 CFCF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) CF, (CF 3 ) 3 C
- the number j of R 3a is an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less, preferably 2 or more and 4 or less, particularly preferably 2 or 3.
- preferred fluorinated alkyl fluorophosphate anions include [(CF 3 CF 2 ) 2 PF 4 ] ⁇ , [(CF 3 CF 2 ) 3 PF 3 ] ⁇ , [((CF 3 ) 2 CF) 2.
- Preferred specific examples of the borate anion represented by the above formula (a18) include tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate ([B (C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] ⁇ ), tetrakis [(trifluoromethyl) phenyl] borate ( [B (C 6 H 4 CF 3 ) 4 ] ⁇ ), difluorobis (pentafluorophenyl) borate ([(C 6 F 5 ) 2 BF 2 ] ⁇ ), trifluoro (pentafluorophenyl) borate ([(C 6 F 5 ) BF 3 ] ⁇ ), tetrakis (difluorophenyl) borate ([B (C 6 H 3 F 2 ) 4 ] ⁇ ) and the like.
- tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate ([B (C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] ⁇ ) is particularly preferable.
- R ⁇ 9a> , R ⁇ 10a > , R ⁇ 11a> represents a halogenated alkyl group each independently.
- R 12a represents a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic group
- R 13a represents a substituted or unsubstituted saturated hydrocarbon group, unsaturated hydrocarbon group, or aromatic group
- N represents the number of repeating units in the structure in parentheses.
- the aromatic group means a group of a compound exhibiting physical and chemical properties peculiar to an aromatic compound.
- an aryl group such as a phenyl group or a naphthyl group, a furyl group, or a thienyl group.
- heteroaryl groups such as groups. These may have one or more suitable substituents such as a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, and a nitro group on the ring.
- R 13a is particularly preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group. Particularly preferred are compounds wherein R 12a is an aromatic group and R 13a is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 12a is any one of a phenyl group, a methylphenyl group, and a methoxyphenyl group
- R 13a is a methyl group
- an onium salt having a naphthalene ring in the cation part can be mentioned.
- This “having a naphthalene ring” means having a structure derived from naphthalene, and means that at least two ring structures and their aromaticity are maintained.
- This naphthalene ring has a substituent such as a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, and a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Also good.
- the structure derived from the naphthalene ring may be a monovalent group (one free valence) or a divalent group (two free valences) or more, but may be a monovalent group. Desirable (however, at this time, the free valence is counted excluding the portion bonded to the substituent).
- the number of naphthalene rings is preferably 1 or more and 3 or less.
- a structure represented by the following formula (a5) is preferable.
- R 14a , R 15a , and R 16a represents a group represented by the following formula (a6), and the rest are linear or branched having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- one of R 14a , R 15a , and R 16a is a group represented by the following formula (a6), and the remaining two are each independently a linear or branched group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. And these ends may be bonded to form a ring.
- R 17a and R 18a are each independently a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or A branched alkyl group is represented, and R 19a represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a single bond or a substituent.
- l and m each independently represent an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less, and l + m is 3 or less.
- l and m each independently represent an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less, and l + m is 3 or less.
- l + m is 3 or less.
- the number of groups represented by the formula (a6) is preferably one from the viewpoint of the stability of the compound, and the rest is a straight chain having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. It is a chain or branched alkylene group, and these ends may be bonded to form a ring.
- the two alkylene groups constitute a 3- to 9-membered ring including a sulfur atom.
- the number of atoms (including sulfur atoms) constituting the ring is preferably 5 or more and 6 or less.
- examples of the substituent that the alkylene group may have include an oxygen atom (in this case, a carbonyl group is formed together with a carbon atom constituting the alkylene group), a hydroxyl group, and the like.
- examples of the substituent that the phenyl group may have include a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and a linear or branched group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. And the like.
- Examples of the cation suitable as the cation moiety include cations represented by the following formulas (a7) and (a8), and a structure represented by the following formula (a8) is particularly preferable.
- Such a cation moiety may be an iodonium salt or a sulfonium salt, but a sulfonium salt is desirable from the viewpoint of acid generation efficiency and the like.
- an anion suitable as the anion part of the onium salt having a naphthalene ring in the cation part an anion capable of forming a sulfonium salt is desirable.
- the anion part of such an acid generator is a fluoroalkyl sulfonate ion or an aryl sulfonate ion in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms are fluorinated.
- the alkyl group in the fluoroalkyl sulfonate ion may be linear, branched or cyclic having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and has 1 to 10 carbon atoms from the bulk of the generated acid and its diffusion distance. Is preferred.
- a branched or cyclic alkyl group is preferable because of its short diffusion distance.
- a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, an octyl group etc. can be mentioned as a preferable alkyl group.
- the aryl group in the aryl sulfonate ion is an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include an alkyl group, a phenyl group which may or may not be substituted with a halogen atom, and a naphthyl group.
- an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is preferable because it can be synthesized inexpensively.
- Specific examples of preferred aryl groups include phenyl group, toluenesulfonyl group, ethylphenyl group, naphthyl group, methylnaphthyl group and the like.
- the fluorination rate when part or all of the hydrogen atoms are fluorinated is preferably 10% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 50% or more and 100%.
- those in which all of the hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine atoms are preferable because the strength of the acid is increased.
- Specific examples thereof include trifluoromethane sulfonate, perfluorobutane sulfonate, perfluorooctane sulfonate, and perfluorobenzene sulfonate.
- a preferable anion moiety includes an anion moiety represented by the following formula (a9).
- R 20a is a group represented by the following formulas (a10), (a11), and (a12).
- x represents an integer of 1 or more and 4 or less.
- R 21a represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a linear or branched group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- y represents an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less.
- trifluoromethanesulfonate and perfluorobutanesulfonate are preferable from the viewpoint of safety.
- anion moiety an anion moiety containing nitrogen represented by the following formulas (a13) and (a14) can also be used.
- X a represents a linear or branched alkylene group having at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom, the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group 2 to 6 Or less, preferably 3 or more and 5 or less, and most preferably 3 carbon atoms.
- Y a and Z a each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom, and the alkyl group has 1 to 10 carbon atoms. , Preferably 1 or more and 7 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 3 or less.
- X a number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group, or Y a, soluble enough in organic solvents the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group of Z a is less preferred because it is excellent.
- the proportion of fluorine atoms in the alkylene group or alkyl group, that is, the fluorination rate is preferably 70% or more and 100% or less, more preferably 90% or more and 100% or less, and most preferably all hydrogen atoms are fluorine.
- Preferred examples of such an onium salt having a naphthalene ring at the cation moiety include compounds represented by the following formulas (a15) and (a16).
- bis (p-toluenesulfonyl) diazomethane bis (1,1-dimethylethylsulfonyl) diazomethane, bis (cyclohexylsulfonyl) diazomethane, bis (2,4- Bissulfonyldiazomethanes such as dimethylphenylsulfonyl) diazomethane; 2-nitrobenzyl p-toluenesulfonate, 2,6-dinitrobenzyl p-toluenesulfonate, nitrobenzyl tosylate, dinitrobenzyl tosylate, nitrobenzyl sulfonate, nitro Nitrobenzyl derivatives such as benzyl carbonate and dinitrobenzyl carbonate; pyrogallol trimesylate, pyrogallol tritosylate, benzyl tosylate, benzyl tosylate, benz
- This acid generator (A) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the acid generator (A) is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, based on the total solid content of the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition, and is 0.5% by mass. More preferably, the content is 3% by mass or less.
- the resin (B) whose solubility in an alkali is increased by the action of an acid is not particularly limited, and any resin whose solubility in an alkali is increased by the action of an acid can be used. Among these, it is preferable to contain at least one resin selected from the group consisting of novolac resin (B1), polyhydroxystyrene resin (B2), and acrylic resin (B3).
- Novolac resin (B1) As the novolac resin (B1), a resin containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (b1) can be used.
- R 1b represents an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group
- R 2b and R 3b each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group represented by R 1b include groups represented by the following formulas (b2) and (b3), linear, branched or cyclic alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Group, vinyloxyethyl group, tetrahydropyranyl group, tetrahydrofuranyl group, or trialkylsilyl group.
- R 4b and R 5b each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R 6b represents carbon Represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 10 atoms; R 7b represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Represents 0 or 1.
- Examples of the linear or branched alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a neopentyl group.
- Examples of the cyclic alkyl group include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group.
- the acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group represented by the above formula (b2) specifically, a methoxyethyl group, an ethoxyethyl group, an n-propoxyethyl group, an isopropoxyethyl group, an n-butoxyethyl group, Examples thereof include isobutoxyethyl group, tert-butoxyethyl group, cyclohexyloxyethyl group, methoxypropyl group, ethoxypropyl group, 1-methoxy-1-methyl-ethyl group, 1-ethoxy-1-methylethyl group and the like.
- the acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group represented by the above formula (b3) include a tert-butoxycarbonyl group and a tert-butoxycarbonylmethyl group.
- the trialkylsilyl group include groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in each alkyl group such as a trimethylsilyl group and a tri-tert-butyldimethylsilyl group.
- Polyhydroxystyrene resin (B2) As the polyhydroxystyrene resin (B2), a resin containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (b4) can be used.
- R 8b represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 9b represents an acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting group.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms is, for example, a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the linear or branched alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a neopentyl group.
- the cyclic alkyl group include a cyclopentyl group and a cyclohexyl group.
- the same acid dissociable, dissolution inhibiting groups as exemplified in the above formulas (b2) and (b3) can be used.
- the polyhydroxystyrene resin (B2) can contain other polymerizable compounds as constituent units for the purpose of appropriately controlling physical and chemical properties.
- polymerizable compounds include known radical polymerizable compounds and anionic polymerizable compounds.
- polymerizable compounds include monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid; dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid; 2-methacryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, 2- Methacryloyloxyethylmaleic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethylphthalic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethylhexahydrophthalic acid and other methacrylic acid derivatives having a carboxy group and an ester bond; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (Meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters such as (meth) acrylate;
- the acrylic resin (B3) is not particularly limited as long as it is an acrylic resin whose solubility in alkali is increased by the action of an acid, and has conventionally been blended in various photosensitive compositions.
- the acrylic resin (B3) preferably contains, for example, a structural unit (b-3) derived from an acrylate ester containing a —SO 2 — containing cyclic group or a lactone containing cyclic group. In this case, when forming a resist pattern, it is easy to form a resist pattern having a preferable cross-sectional shape.
- the “—SO 2 —containing cyclic group” refers to a cyclic group containing a ring containing —SO 2 — in the ring skeleton, and specifically, a sulfur atom in —SO 2 — ( S) is a cyclic group that forms part of the ring skeleton of the cyclic group.
- a ring containing —SO 2 — in the ring skeleton is counted as the first ring, and if it is only the ring, it is a monocyclic group, and if it has another ring structure, it is a polycyclic group regardless of the structure Called.
- the —SO 2 — containing cyclic group may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- -SO 2 - containing cyclic group in particular, -O-SO 2 - within the ring skeleton cyclic group containing, i.e. -O-SO 2 - -O-S- medium is a part of the ring skeleton It is preferably a cyclic group containing a sultone ring to be formed.
- the number of carbon atoms in the —SO 2 — containing cyclic group is preferably 3 or more and 30 or less, more preferably 4 or more and 20 or less, further preferably 4 or more and 15 or less, and particularly preferably 4 or more and 12 or less.
- the number of carbon atoms is the number of carbon atoms constituting the ring skeleton, and does not include the number of carbon atoms in the substituent.
- the —SO 2 — containing cyclic group may be an —SO 2 — containing aliphatic cyclic group or an —SO 2 — containing aromatic cyclic group.
- An —SO 2 — containing aliphatic cyclic group is preferable.
- the —SO 2 — containing aliphatic cyclic group includes a hydrogen atom from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring in which a part of carbon atoms constituting the ring skeleton is substituted with —SO 2 — or —O—SO 2 —.
- a group excluding at least one of them is mentioned. More specifically, a group obtained by removing at least one hydrogen atom from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring in which —CH 2 — constituting the ring skeleton is substituted with —SO 2 —, —CH 2 — constituting the ring And a group obtained by removing at least one hydrogen atom from an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring in which CH 2 — is substituted with —O—SO 2 —.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alicyclic hydrocarbon ring is preferably 3 or more and 20 or less, and more preferably 3 or more and 12 or less.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon ring may be polycyclic or monocyclic.
- the monocyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferably a group in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from a monocycloalkane having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of the monocycloalkane include cyclopentane and cyclohexane.
- the polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon ring is preferably a group in which two hydrogen atoms are removed from a polycycloalkane having 7 to 12 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the polycycloalkane include adamantane, norbornane. , Isobornane, tricyclodecane, tetracyclododecane and the like.
- the —SO 2 — containing cyclic group may have a substituent.
- substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an oxygen atom ( ⁇ O), —COOR ′′, —OC ( ⁇ O) R ′′, a hydroxyalkyl group, a cyano group, and the like. Is mentioned.
- the alkyl group as the substituent is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkyl group is preferably linear or branched. Specific examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a neopentyl group, and an n-hexyl group. It is done. Among these, a methyl group or an ethyl group is preferable, and a methyl group is particularly preferable.
- the alkoxy group as the substituent is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxy group is preferably linear or branched. Specifically, a group in which the alkyl group mentioned as the alkyl group as the substituent is bonded to an oxygen atom (—O—) can be given.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- halogenated alkyl group for the substituent examples include groups in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the aforementioned alkyl groups have been substituted with the aforementioned halogen atoms.
- halogenated alkyl group as the substituent examples include groups in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group mentioned as the alkyl group as the above-described substituent are substituted with the above-described halogen atoms.
- a fluorinated alkyl group is preferable, and a perfluoroalkyl group is particularly preferable.
- R ′′ in the above-described —COOR ′′ and —OC ( ⁇ O) R ′′ is a hydrogen atom or a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
- R ′′ is a linear or branched alkyl group
- the chain alkyl group has preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 1 or 2.
- R ′′ is a cyclic alkyl group
- the number of carbon atoms of the cyclic alkyl group is preferably 3 or more, 15 or less, more preferably 4 or more and 12 or less, and particularly preferably 5 or more and 10 or less.
- one or more hydrogen atoms are removed from polycycloalkanes such as monocycloalkanes, bicycloalkanes, tricycloalkanes, and tetracycloalkanes that may or may not be substituted with a fluorinated alkyl group.
- one or more hydrogen atoms are selected from monocycloalkanes such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane, and polycycloalkanes such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, and tetracyclododecane. Excluded groups and the like.
- the hydroxyalkyl group as the substituent is preferably a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples include groups in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group mentioned as the alkyl group as the substituent is substituted with a hydroxyl group.
- —SO 2 — containing cyclic group examples include groups represented by the following formulas (3-1) to (3-4).
- a ′ is an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- z is an integer of 0 to 2
- R 10b Is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, —COOR ′′, —OC ( ⁇ O) R ′′, a hydroxyalkyl group, or a cyano group
- R ′′ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group.
- a ′ is an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain an oxygen atom (—O—) or a sulfur atom (—S—). , An oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom.
- the alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in A ′ is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group, and examples thereof include a methylene group, an ethylene group, an n-propylene group, and an isopropylene group.
- alkylene group contains an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- specific examples thereof include a group in which —O— or —S— is interposed between the terminal or carbon atoms of the aforementioned alkylene group.
- a ′ is preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or —O—, more preferably an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and most preferably a methylene group.
- z may be any of 0, 1, and 2, and is most preferably 0.
- the plurality of R 10b may be the same or different.
- the alkyl group, alkoxy group, halogenated alkyl group, —COOR ′′, —OC ( ⁇ O) R ′′, and hydroxyalkyl group in R 10b each may have a —SO 2 — containing cyclic group.
- Examples of the alkyl group, alkoxy group, halogenated alkyl group, —COOR ′′, —OC ( ⁇ O) R ′′, and hydroxyalkyl group mentioned as the substituent include the same groups as the hydroxyalkyl group described above.
- the —SO 2 — containing cyclic group is preferably a group represented by the above formula (3-1), and the above-described chemical formulas (3-1-1) and (3-1-18) , (3-3-1), and (3-4-1), more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of groups represented by any one of the groups represented by the chemical formula (3-1-1).
- groups represented by the above formula (3-1) are particularly preferred.
- lactone-containing cyclic group refers to a cyclic group containing a ring (lactone ring) containing —O—C ( ⁇ O) — in the ring skeleton.
- the lactone ring is counted as the first ring.
- the lactone-containing cyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.
- the lactone cyclic group in the structural unit (b-3) is not particularly limited, and a cyclic group containing any lactone ring can be used.
- the lactone-containing monocyclic group includes a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a 4- to 6-membered ring lactone, such as a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from ⁇ -propionolactone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone. Examples thereof include a group in which one hydrogen atom has been removed and a group in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from ⁇ -valerolactone.
- Examples of the lactone-containing polycyclic group include groups in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from a bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane, or tetracycloalkane having a lactone ring.
- the structural unit (b-3) has a —SO 2 — containing cyclic group or a lactone containing cyclic group, the —SO 2 — containing cyclic group, and the lactone
- the structure of other parts other than the containing cyclic group is not particularly limited.
- the structural unit (b-3) is a structural unit derived from an acrylate ester in which the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom at the ⁇ -position may be substituted with a substituent, and the —SO 2 -containing cyclic group
- a structural unit derived from an acrylate ester in which the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom at the ⁇ -position may be substituted with a substituent, and a lactone-containing cyclic group At least one structural unit selected from the group consisting of structural units containing (b-3-L) is preferred.
- structural unit (b-3-S) More specifically, examples of the structural unit (b-3-S) include structural units represented by the following formula (b-S1).
- R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms
- R 11b is a —SO 2 — containing cyclic group
- R 12b is a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- R is the same as defined above.
- R 11b is the same as the —SO 2 — containing cyclic group mentioned above.
- R 12b may be a single bond or a divalent linking group. Since it is excellent in the effect of this invention, it is preferable that it is a bivalent coupling group.
- bivalent coupling group in R12b Although it does not specifically limit as a bivalent coupling group in R12b,
- the bivalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, the bivalent coupling group containing a hetero atom, etc. are mentioned as a suitable example.
- the hydrocarbon group as the divalent linking group may be an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group.
- An aliphatic hydrocarbon group means a hydrocarbon group having no aromaticity.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be saturated or unsaturated. Usually, a saturated hydrocarbon group is preferred. More specifically, examples of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group include a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a ring in the structure, and the like.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 1 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 8 or less, and further preferably 1 or more and 5 or less.
- linear alkylene group As the linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a linear alkylene group is preferable. Specifically, methylene group [—CH 2 —], ethylene group [— (CH 2 ) 2 —], trimethylene group [— (CH 2 ) 3 —], tetramethylene group [— (CH 2 ) 4 —] And pentamethylene group [— (CH 2 ) 5 —] and the like.
- a branched alkylene group is preferable. Specifically, —CH (CH 3 ) —, —CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —C (CH 3 ) (CH 2 CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) (CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ) —, alkylmethylene groups such as —C (CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 —; —CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 —, —CH (CH 3 ) CH (CH 3 ) — An alkylethylene group such as —C (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 —, —CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) CH 2 —, —C (CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 —CH 2 —; and —CH (CH 3 ) CH Alkyl trimethylene groups such as 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 —; —CH (CH 3 ) CH Alkyl trimethylene groups such as 2 CH
- the above-mentioned linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group may or may not have a substituent (a group or atom other than a hydrogen atom) that substitutes a hydrogen atom.
- substituent include a fluorine atom, a fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a fluorine atom, and an oxo group ( ⁇ O).
- a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may contain a substituent containing a hetero atom in the ring structure (excluding two hydrogen atoms from the aliphatic hydrocarbon ring) Group), a group in which the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group is bonded to the end of a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group is a linear or branched chain.
- Examples include a group intervening in the middle of the aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- Examples of the linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group include the same groups as described above.
- the number of carbon atoms in the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably 3 or more and 20 or less, and more preferably 3 or more and 12 or less.
- the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group may be polycyclic or monocyclic.
- the monocyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from a monocycloalkane is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the monocycloalkane is preferably 3 or more and 6 or less. Specific examples include cyclopentane and cyclohexane.
- the polycyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group a group in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane is preferable.
- the number of carbon atoms of the polycycloalkane is preferably 7 or more and 12 or less. Specific examples include adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, and tetracyclododecane.
- the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group may or may not have a substituent (a group or atom other than a hydrogen atom) that replaces a hydrogen atom.
- substituents include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, and an oxo group ( ⁇ O).
- the alkyl group as the substituent is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.
- the alkoxy group as the substituent is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and is a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an iso-propoxy group, an n-butoxy group, or a tert-butoxy group.
- a methoxy group and an ethoxy group are particularly preferable.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- halogenated alkyl group examples include groups in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the aforementioned alkyl group have been substituted with the above halogen atoms.
- a part of carbon atoms constituting the ring structure may be substituted with —O— or —S—.
- substituent containing a hetero atom —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —S—, —S ( ⁇ O) 2 —, and —S ( ⁇ O) 2 —O— are preferable.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group as the divalent hydrocarbon group is a divalent hydrocarbon group having at least one aromatic ring and may have a substituent.
- the aromatic ring is not particularly limited as long as it is a cyclic conjugated system having 4n + 2 ⁇ electrons, and may be monocyclic or polycyclic.
- the number of carbon atoms in the aromatic ring is preferably 5 or more and 30 or less, more preferably 5 or more and 20 or less, further preferably 6 or more and 15 or less, and particularly preferably 6 or more and 12 or less. However, the number of carbon atoms does not include the number of carbon atoms of the substituent.
- aromatic ring examples include aromatic hydrocarbon rings such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene; aromatic heterocycles in which some of the carbon atoms that constitute the aromatic hydrocarbon ring are substituted with heteroatoms; Etc.
- hetero atom in the aromatic heterocyclic ring examples include an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom.
- aromatic heterocycle examples include a pyridine ring and a thiophene ring.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group as the divalent hydrocarbon group is a group obtained by removing two hydrogen atoms from the above aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocyclic ring (arylene group or heteroarylene group); A group in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from an aromatic compound containing two or more aromatic rings (for example, biphenyl, fluorene, etc.); a group in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from the above aromatic hydrocarbon ring or aromatic heterocycle ( A group in which one of the hydrogen atoms of the aryl group or heteroaryl group is substituted with an alkylene group (eg, benzyl group, phenethyl group, 1-naphthylmethyl group, 2-naphthylmethyl group, 1-naphthylethyl group, 2- And a group obtained by further removing one hydrogen atom from an aryl group in an arylalkyl group such as a naphthylethyl group.
- arylene group or heteroarylene group A
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group bonded to the aryl group or heteroaryl group is preferably 1 or more, 4 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 2 or less, and particularly preferably 1.
- the hydrogen atom of the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent.
- a hydrogen atom bonded to an aromatic ring in the aromatic hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a substituent.
- the substituent include an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, and an oxo group ( ⁇ O).
- the alkyl group as the substituent is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.
- the alkoxy group as the substituent is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and is a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an iso-propoxy group, an n-butoxy group, or a tert-butoxy group.
- a methoxy group and an ethoxy group are more preferable.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom and an iodine atom, and a fluorine atom is preferable.
- halogenated alkyl group examples include groups in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the aforementioned alkyl group are substituted with the halogen atoms.
- a hetero atom in a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom is an atom other than a carbon atom and a hydrogen atom, such as an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom, and a halogen atom.
- divalent linking group containing a hetero atom specifically, —O—, —C ( ⁇ O) —, —C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —O—C ( ⁇ O) —O—, —S—, —S ( ⁇ O) 2 —, —S ( ⁇ O) 2 —O—, —NH—, —NH—C ( ⁇ O) —, —NH—C ( ⁇ NH) —, ⁇ N
- non-hydrocarbon linking groups such as-, and combinations of at least one of these non-hydrocarbon linking groups with a divalent hydrocarbon group.
- the divalent hydrocarbon group include the same groups as the divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent as described above, and a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferable. .
- —NH—, —NH— in —C ( ⁇ O) —NH—, and H in —NH—C ( ⁇ NH) — are each substituted with a substituent such as an alkyl group or an acyl group. May be.
- the number of carbon atoms of the substituent is preferably 1 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 8 or less, and particularly preferably 1 or more and 5 or less.
- the divalent linking group for R 12b is particularly preferably a linear or branched alkylene group, a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom.
- the divalent linking group in R 12b is a linear or branched alkylene group
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is preferably 1 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 6 or less, and 1 or more and 4 or less. Is particularly preferable, and most preferably 1 or more and 3 or less.
- the “divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent” as the above-described divalent linking group it is exemplified as a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group. Examples thereof include the same groups as the linear alkylene group and the branched alkylene group.
- the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group may have a “substituent” as the divalent linking group described above.
- the “divalent hydrocarbon group” include the same groups as the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group mentioned as “the aliphatic hydrocarbon group including a ring in the structure”.
- the cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group is particularly preferably a group in which two or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from cyclopentane, cyclohexane, norbornane, isobornane, adamantane, tricyclodecane, or tetracyclododecane.
- the divalent linking group in R 12b is a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom
- the hydrogen atom in —NH— may be substituted with a substituent such as an alkyl group or acyl.
- the number of carbon atoms of the substituent is preferably 1 or more, 10 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 8 or less, and particularly preferably 1 or more and 5 or less.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent.
- Examples of the divalent hydrocarbon group include the same groups as the “divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent” described in the description of the divalent linking group.
- Y 1 is preferably a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, more preferably a linear alkylene group, more preferably a linear alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a methylene group, and ethylene. The group is particularly preferred.
- Y 2 is preferably a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and more preferably a methylene group, an ethylene group, or an alkylmethylene group.
- the alkyl group in the alkylmethylene group is preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, more preferably a linear alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably a methyl group.
- m ′ is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less, preferably an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less, 1 is more preferable, and 1 is particularly preferable. That is, the group represented by the formula — [Y 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —O] m ′ —Y 2 — is represented by the formula —Y 1 —C ( ⁇ O) —O—Y 2 —. The group is particularly preferred. Of these, a group represented by the formula — (CH 2 ) a ′ —C ( ⁇ O) —O— (CH 2 ) b ′ — is preferable.
- a ′ is an integer of 1 to 10, an integer of 1 to 8 is preferable, an integer of 1 to 5 is more preferable, 1 or 2 is further preferable, and 1 is most preferable.
- b ′ is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 8, more preferably an integer of 1 to 5, more preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1.
- the divalent linking group containing a hetero atom is preferably an organic group comprising a combination of at least one non-hydrocarbon group and a divalent hydrocarbon group.
- the divalent linking group for R 12b is preferably an alkylene group or a group containing an ester bond (—C ( ⁇ O) —O—).
- the alkylene group is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group.
- a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group a methylene group [—CH 2 —], an ethylene group [— (CH 2 ) 2 —], a trimethylene group [— (CH 2 ) 3 —], And tetramethylene group [— (CH 2 ) 4 —], pentamethylene group [— (CH 2 ) 5 —] and the like.
- branched alkylene group examples include —CH (CH 3 ) —, —CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —C (CH 3 ) (CH 2 Alkylmethylene groups such as CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) (CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 —; —CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 —, —CH ( Alkyl ethylene such as CH 3 ) CH (CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 —, —CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) CH 2 —, —C (CH 2 CH 3 ) 2 —CH 2 —, etc.
- alkyl trimethylene group such as —CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 —; —CH (CH 3 ) CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH (CH 3) CH 2 CH 2 - alkyl, such as alkyl tetramethylene group such as Such as an alkylene group, and the like.
- the structural unit (b-3-S) is preferably a structural unit represented by the following formula (b-S1-1).
- R and R 11b are the same as defined above, and R 13b is a divalent linking group.
- R 13b is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the same groups as the divalent linking group in R 12b described above.
- the divalent linking group for R 13b a linear or branched alkylene group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group containing a ring in the structure, or a divalent linking group containing a hetero atom is preferable.
- a branched alkylene group or a divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom as a hetero atom is preferable.
- linear alkylene group a methylene group or an ethylene group is preferable, and a methylene group is particularly preferable.
- branched alkylene group an alkylmethylene group or an alkylethylene group is preferable, and —CH (CH 3 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, or —C (CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 — is particularly preferable. preferable.
- the divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom is preferably a divalent linking group containing an ether bond or an ester bond, and the above-described —Y 1 —O—Y 2 —, — [Y 1 —C ( ⁇ O —O] m ′ —Y 2 — or —Y 1 —O—C ( ⁇ O) —Y 2 — is more preferred.
- Y 1 and Y 2 are each independently a divalent hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, and m ′ is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less.
- —Y 1 —O—C ( ⁇ O) —Y 2 — is preferable, and a group represented by — (CH 2 ) c —O—C ( ⁇ O) — (CH 2 ) d — is particularly preferable.
- . c is an integer of 1 to 5, preferably 1 or 2.
- d is an integer of 1 or more and 5 or less, and 1 or 2 is preferable.
- a structural unit represented by the following formula (b-S1-11) or (b-S1-12) is particularly preferable, and in the formula (b-S1-12) The structural unit represented is more preferable.
- a ′ is preferably a methylene group, an oxygen atom (—O—), or a sulfur atom (—S—).
- R 13b is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group or a divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom.
- Examples of the linear or branched alkylene group and the divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom in R 13b include the aforementioned linear or branched alkylene group and the divalent linking group containing an oxygen atom, respectively. The same group is mentioned.
- R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
- R ′ is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an alkoxy group.
- a halogenated alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, —COOR ′′, —OC ( ⁇ O) R ′′, a hydroxyalkyl group, or a cyano group R ′′ is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group; R 12b is a single bond, or A divalent linking group, s ′′ is an integer of 0 or more and 2 or less; A ′′ is an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may contain an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom, or sulfur An atom; r is 0 or 1)
- R in the formulas (b-L1) to (b-L5) is the same as described above.
- the alkyl group, alkoxy group, halogenated alkyl group, —COOR ′′, —OC ( ⁇ O) R ′′, and hydroxyalkyl group in R ′ each may have a —SO 2 — containing cyclic group.
- Examples of the alkyl group, alkoxy group, halogenated alkyl group, —COOR ′′, —OC ( ⁇ O) R ′′, and hydroxyalkyl group mentioned as the substituent include the same groups as those described above.
- R ′ is preferably a hydrogen atom in view of industrial availability.
- the alkyl group in R ′′ may be linear, branched or cyclic.
- R ′′ is a linear or branched alkyl group, it preferably has 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R ′′ is a cyclic alkyl group, it preferably has 3 to 15 carbon atoms, more preferably 4 to 12 carbon atoms, and most preferably 5 to 10 carbon atoms.
- one or more polycycloalkanes such as monocycloalkane, bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane, and tetracycloalkane, which may or may not be substituted with a fluorine atom or a fluorinated alkyl group, may be used.
- examples include a group excluding a hydrogen atom, specifically, a monocycloalkane such as cyclopentane or cyclohexane, or one or more polycycloalkanes such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, or tetracyclododecane.
- examples include a group excluding a hydrogen atom.
- a ′′ examples include the same groups as A ′ in the above formula (3-1).
- a ′′ represents an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom (—O—) or a sulfur atom. (—S—) is preferable, an alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or —O— is more preferable.
- the alkylene group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms is more preferably a methylene group or dimethylmethylene group, and most preferably a methylene group.
- R 12b is the same as R 12b in the above-mentioned formula (b-S1).
- s ′′ is preferably 1 or 2.
- Specific examples of the structural units represented by the aforementioned formulas (b-L1) to (b-L3) are shown below.
- R ⁇ represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group.
- the structural unit (b-3-L) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of structural units represented by the aforementioned formulas (b-L1) to (b-L5).
- (b-L3) more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of structural units represented by the formula (b-L1) or (b-L3).
- Particularly preferred is at least one selected from the group.
- the above-mentioned formulas (b-L1-1), (b-L1-2), (b-L2-1), (b-L2-7), (b-L2-12), (b-L2) -14), (b-L3-1), and at least one selected from the group consisting of structural units represented by (b-L3-5) are preferred.
- structural unit (b-3-L) structural units represented by the following formulas (b-L6) to (b-L7) are also preferable.
- R and R 12b are the same as described above.
- the acrylic resin (B3) is a structural unit represented by the following formulas (b5) to (b7) having an acid-dissociable group as a structural unit that enhances the solubility of the acrylic resin (B3) in alkali by the action of an acid. including.
- R 14b and R 18b to R 23b are each independently a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom, or Represents a linear or branched fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 15b to R 17b each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- R 16b and R 17b are bonded to each other
- a hydrocarbon ring having 5 to 20 carbon atoms may be formed together with the carbon atoms to which Y is bonded
- Y b represents an aliphatic cyclic group or an alkyl group which may have a substituent
- p Is an integer between 0 and 4 Represents
- q represents 0 or
- linear or branched alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isopentyl group, and a neopentyl group.
- the fluorinated alkyl group is a group in which part or all of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group are substituted with fluorine atoms.
- aliphatic cyclic group examples include groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as monocycloalkane, bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane, and tetracycloalkane.
- a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from a monocycloalkane such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, or cyclooctane, or a polycycloalkane such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, or tetracyclododecane.
- a group obtained by removing one hydrogen atom from cyclohexane or adamantane is preferable.
- R 15b , R 16b , and R 17b are carbon atoms from the viewpoint of high contrast, good resolution, depth of focus, etc.
- a linear or branched alkyl group having a number of 2 or more and 4 or less is preferable.
- R 19b , R 20b , R 22b and R 23b are preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- R 16b and R 17b may form an aliphatic cyclic group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms together with the carbon atom to which both are bonded.
- Specific examples of such an aliphatic cyclic group include groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as monocycloalkane, bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane, and tetracycloalkane.
- one or more hydrogen atoms were removed from monocycloalkanes such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, and cyclooctane, and polycycloalkanes such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, and tetracyclododecane.
- monocycloalkanes such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, and cyclooctane
- polycycloalkanes such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, and tetracyclododecane.
- a group obtained by removing one or more hydrogen atoms from cyclohexane or adamantane (which may further have a substituent) is preferable.
- the substituent include a hydroxyl group, a carboxy group, a cyano group, an oxygen atom ( ⁇ O And a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- a polar group an oxygen atom ( ⁇ O) is particularly preferable.
- Y b is an aliphatic cyclic group or an alkyl group, and examples thereof include groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been removed from a polycycloalkane such as monocycloalkane, bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane, and tetracycloalkane. .
- one or more hydrogen atoms were removed from monocycloalkanes such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, and cyclooctane, and polycycloalkanes such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane, and tetracyclododecane.
- a group in which one or more hydrogen atoms are removed from adamantane (which may further have a substituent) is preferable.
- a polar group an oxygen atom ( ⁇ O) is particularly preferable.
- Y b is an alkyl group, 1 to 20 carbon atoms, it is preferably a preferably 6 to 15 linear or branched alkyl group.
- Such an alkyl group is particularly preferably an alkoxyalkyl group, and examples of such an alkoxyalkyl group include 1-methoxyethyl group, 1-ethoxyethyl group, 1-n-propoxyethyl group, 1-isopropoxy group.
- Ethyl group 1-n-butoxyethyl group, 1-isobutoxyethyl group, 1-tert-butoxyethyl group, 1-methoxypropyl group, 1-ethoxypropyl group, 1-methoxy-1-methyl-ethyl group, 1 -Ethoxy-1-methylethyl group and the like can be mentioned.
- preferred structural units represented by the above formula (b5) include structural units represented by the following formulas (b5-1) to (b5-33).
- R 24b represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Preferred specific examples of the structural unit represented by the above formula (b6) include structural units represented by the following formulas (b6-1) to (b6-26).
- R 24b represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- Preferred specific examples of the structural unit represented by the above formula (b7) include structural units represented by the following formulas (b7-1) to (b7-15).
- R 24b represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the structural unit represented by the formula (b6) is preferable from the viewpoint of easy synthesis and relatively high sensitivity. Moreover, in the structural unit represented by the formula (b6), a structural unit in which Y b is an alkyl group is preferable, and a structural unit in which one or both of R 19b and R 20b are an alkyl group is preferable.
- the acrylic resin (B3) is a resin comprising a copolymer containing structural units derived from a polymerizable compound having an ether bond together with the structural units represented by the above formulas (b5) to (b7). Is preferred.
- Examples of the polymerizable compound having an ether bond include radical polymerizable compounds such as a (meth) acrylic acid derivative having an ether bond and an ester bond, and specific examples include 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate. 2-ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, methoxytriethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl carbitol (meth) acrylate, phenoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol (meth) Examples thereof include acrylate, methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate, and tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate.
- radical polymerizable compounds such as a (meth) acrylic acid derivative having an ether bond and an ester bond
- specific examples include 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate. 2-ethoxyethy
- the polymerizable compound having an ether bond is preferably 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, or methoxytriethylene glycol (meth) acrylate. These polymerizable compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the acrylic resin (B3) can contain other polymerizable compounds as structural units for the purpose of appropriately controlling physical and chemical properties.
- examples of such polymerizable compounds include known radical polymerizable compounds and anionic polymerizable compounds.
- polymerizable compounds examples include monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid; dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid; 2-methacryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, and 2-methacryloyloxy.
- Methacrylic acid derivatives having a carboxy group and an ester bond such as ethyl maleic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phthalic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth ) (Meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters such as acrylate and cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate; (meth) acrylic acid hydroxyal such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate and 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate (Meth) acrylate aryl esters such as phenyl (meth) acrylate and benzyl (meth) acrylate; dicarboxylic acid diesters such as diethyl maleate and dibutyl fumarate; styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, chlorostyrene
- the acrylic resin (B3) may contain the structural unit derived from the polymeric compound which has a carboxy group like said monocarboxylic acid and dicarboxylic acids.
- the acrylic resin (B3) does not substantially contain a structural unit derived from a polymerizable compound having a carboxy group from the viewpoint of easily forming a resist pattern including a non-resist portion having a rectangular shape with a good cross-sectional shape. Is preferred.
- the proportion of the structural unit derived from the polymerizable compound having a carboxy group in the acrylic resin (B3) is preferably 20% by mass or less, more preferably 15% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 5% by mass or less. preferable.
- the acrylic resin containing a relatively large amount of structural units derived from the polymerizable compound having a carboxy group contains only a small amount of structural units derived from the polymerizable compound having a carboxy group. It is preferably used in combination with an acrylic resin.
- examples of the polymerizable compound include (meth) acrylic acid esters having a non-acid dissociable aliphatic polycyclic group, vinyl group-containing aromatic compounds, and the like.
- a non-acid-dissociable aliphatic polycyclic group a tricyclodecanyl group, an adamantyl group, a tetracyclododecanyl group, an isobornyl group, a norbornyl group, and the like are particularly preferable in terms of industrial availability.
- These aliphatic polycyclic groups may have a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms as a substituent.
- R 25b represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the acrylic resin (B3) includes a structural unit (b-3) including a —SO 2 — containing cyclic group or a lactone-containing cyclic group
- the structural unit (b-3) of the acrylic resin (B3) The content is preferably 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, particularly preferably 10% by mass to 50% by mass, and most preferably 10% by mass to 30% by mass.
- the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition contains the structural unit (b-3) in an amount within the above range, it is easy to achieve both good developability and good pattern shape.
- the acrylic resin (B3) preferably contains 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more, and more preferably 10% by mass or more of the structural units represented by the above formulas (b5) to (b7). It is particularly preferable to contain 50% by mass or less.
- the acrylic resin (B3) preferably contains a structural unit derived from the polymerizable compound having an ether bond.
- the content of the structural unit derived from the polymerizable compound having an ether bond in the acrylic resin (B3) is preferably 0% by mass to 50% by mass, and more preferably 5% by mass to 30% by mass.
- the acrylic resin (B3) preferably contains a structural unit derived from (meth) acrylic acid esters having the non-acid dissociable aliphatic polycyclic group.
- the content of structural units derived from (meth) acrylic acid esters having an acid non-dissociable aliphatic polycyclic group in the acrylic resin (B3) is preferably 0% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. More preferably, it is at least 30% by mass.
- an acrylic resin other than the acrylic resin (B3) described above can also be used as the resin (B).
- Such an acrylic resin other than the acrylic resin (B3) is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin including the structural units represented by the aforementioned formulas (b5) to (b7).
- the polystyrene-reduced mass average molecular weight of the resin (B) described above is preferably 10,000 or more and 600,000 or less, more preferably 20,000 or more and 400,000 or less, and further preferably 30,000 or more and 300,000 or less.
- the dispersity of the resin (B) is preferably 1.05 or more.
- the dispersity is a value obtained by dividing the mass average molecular weight by the number average molecular weight.
- the content of the resin (B) is preferably 5% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition. Moreover, 5 mass% or more and 98 mass% or less are preferable with respect to the total solid content mass of a photosensitive composition, and, as for content of resin (B), 10 mass% or more and 95 mass% or less are more preferable.
- the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition contains a sulfur-containing compound having a predetermined structure and / or a nitrogen-containing compound (C). Therefore, when a chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition containing a sulfur-containing compound having a predetermined structure and / or a nitrogen-containing compound (C) is used, the cross-sectional shape such as footing is formed when forming a resist pattern. Even when a metal substrate such as Cu, which is prone to defects, is used, it is easy to form a resist pattern having a desired shape and size.
- the sulfur-containing compound and the nitrogen-containing compound will be described.
- the sulfur-containing compound is a compound containing a sulfur atom that coordinates to the metal constituting the metal layer.
- a compound capable of generating two or more tautomers when at least one tautomer includes a sulfur atom coordinated to a metal constituting the metal layer, the compound corresponds to a sulfur-containing compound. .
- a compound corresponding to both a sulfur-containing compound and the nitrogen-containing compound mentioned later it describes as a sulfur-containing compound.
- Examples of the sulfur atom that can be coordinated to the metal constituting the metal layer include a mercapto group (—SH), a thiocarboxy group (—CO—SH), a dithiocarboxy group (—CS—SH), and a thiocarbonyl group. Included in sulfur-containing compounds such as (-CS-). It is preferable that the sulfur-containing compound has a mercapto group because it is easy to coordinate with the metal constituting the metal layer and is excellent in the effect of suppressing footing.
- the sulfur-containing compound having a mercapto group include a compound represented by the following formula (c1). (Wherein R c1 and R c2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R c3 represents a single bond or an alkylene group, and R c4 represents a u-valent fat which may contain an atom other than carbon. Represents a group, and u represents an integer of 2 or more and 4 or less.)
- R c1 and R c2 are alkyl groups
- the alkyl group may be linear or branched, and is preferably linear.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkyl group is preferably 1 or more and 4 or less, particularly preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1.
- R c3 is an alkylene group
- the alkylene group may be linear or branched, and is preferably linear.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group is preferably 1 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 1 or more and 5 or less, particularly preferably 1 or 2, and most preferably 1.
- R c4 is a divalent to tetravalent aliphatic group which may contain atoms other than carbon.
- atoms other than carbon that R c4 may contain include a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the structure of the aliphatic group that is R c4 may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination of these structures.
- Suitable mercapto compounds represented by the above formulas (c3-L1) to (c3-L7) include the following compounds.
- Suitable mercapto compounds represented by the above formulas (c3-1) to (c3-4) include the following compounds.
- R c4 is a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R c5 is an alkyl group which may have a hydroxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is an alkyl group which may have a hydroxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is an alkyl group which may have a hydroxyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- alkyl groups a methyl group, a hydroxymethyl group, and an ethyl group are preferable.
- R c5 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- alkoxy groups a methoxy group and an ethoxy group are preferable, and a methoxy group is more preferable.
- R c5 is an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- methylthio group methylthio group
- ethylthio group n-propylthio group
- isopropylthio group n-butylthio group
- isobutylthio group sec-butylthio group
- And tert-butylthio group a methylthio group and an ethylthio group.
- R c5 is a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- a hydroxymethyl group, a 2-hydroxyethyl group, and a 1-hydroxyethyl group are preferable, and a hydroxymethyl group is more preferable.
- R c5 is a mercaptoalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R c5 is a mercaptoalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- mercaptomethyl group 2-mercaptoethyl group, 1-mercaptoethyl group, 3-mercapto-n-propyl group, and 4 -Mercapto-n-butyl group and the like.
- a mercaptomethyl group, a 2-mercaptoethyl group, and a 1-mercaptoethyl group are preferable, and a mercaptomethyl group is more preferable.
- R c5 is a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- examples of the halogen atom contained in the halogenated alkyl group include fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
- Specific examples when R c5 is a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include chloromethyl group, bromomethyl group, iodomethyl group, fluoromethyl group, dichloromethyl group, dibromomethyl group, difluoromethyl group, Trichloromethyl group, tribromomethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, 2-chloroethyl group, 2-bromoethyl group, 2-fluoroethyl group, 1,2-dichloroethyl group, 2,2-difluoroethyl group, 1-chloro- Examples include 2-fluoroethyl group, 3-chloro-n-propyl group, 3-bromo-n-propyl group, 3-fluor
- chloromethyl group, bromomethyl group, iodomethyl group, fluoromethyl group, dichloromethyl group, dibromomethyl group, difluoromethyl group, trichloromethyl group, tribromomethyl group, and trifluoromethyl group are preferable, and a chloromethyl group, a dichloromethyl group, a trichloromethyl group, and a trifluoromethyl group are more preferable.
- R c5 is a halogen atom
- R c5 is a halogen atom
- n1 is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less, and 1 is more preferable.
- n1 is 2 or 3
- the plurality of R c5 may be the same or different.
- the substitution position of R c5 on the benzene ring is not particularly limited.
- the substitution position of R c5 on the benzene ring is preferably a meta position or a para position with respect to the bonding position of — (CH 2 ) n0 —SH.
- the compound represented by the formula (c4) has one group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, and a mercaptoalkyl group as R c5 , an alkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, or a mercaptoalkyl group
- the substitution position on the benzene ring of the group is preferably a meta position or a para position with respect to a bonding position of — (CH 2 ) n0 —SH, and more preferably a para position.
- n0 is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less.
- N is preferably 0 or 1 and more preferably 0 because of easy preparation and availability of the compound.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the formula (c4) include p-mercaptophenol, p-thiocresol, m-thiocresol, 4- (methylthio) benzenethiol, 4-methoxybenzenethiol, 3-methoxybenzenethiol, 4-ethoxybenzenethiol, 4-isopropyloxybenzenethiol, 4-tert-butoxybenzenethiol, 3,4-dimethoxybenzenethiol, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzenethiol, 4-ethylbenzenethiol, 4-isopropylbenzenethiol 4-n-butylbenzenethiol, 4-tert-butylbenzenethiol, 3-ethylbenzenethiol, 3-isopropylbenzenethiol, 3-n-butylbenzenethiol, 3-tert-butylbenzenethiol, 3,5 Dimethylbenzenethiol, 3,4
- Examples of the sulfur-containing compound having a mercapto group include a compound containing a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring substituted with a mercapto group and a tautomer of a compound containing a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring substituted with a mercapto group. It is done.
- nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic ring examples include imidazole, pyrazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, oxazole, thiazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, 1,2, 3-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,3,5-triazine, indole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, 1H-benzotriazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, And 1,8-naphthyridine.
- nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds suitable as sulfur-containing compounds and tautomers of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds include the following compounds.
- the nitrogen-containing compound is a compound containing a nitrogen atom constituting a nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle that coordinates to the metal constituting the metal layer on the substrate.
- the nitrogen-containing compound is coordinated to the metal constituting the metal layer on the substrate by the nitrogen-containing heterocycle contained in the structure.
- the compound applicable to both the above-mentioned sulfur-containing compound and nitrogen-containing compound it describes as a sulfur-containing compound.
- nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic compounds that can be suitably used as nitrogen-containing compounds include pyrrole compounds, pyrazole compounds, imidazole compounds, triazole compounds, tetrazole compounds, pyridine compounds, pyrazine compounds, pyridazine compounds, pyridine compounds, and indolizines.
- indole compound isoindole compound, indazole compound, purine compound, quinolidine compound, quinoline compound, isoquinoline compound, naphthyridine compound, phthalazine compound, quinoxaline compound, quinazoline compound, cinnoline compound, buteridine compound, thiazole compound, isothiazole compound, oxazole
- examples thereof include compounds, isoxazole compounds, and furazane compounds.
- pyrazole compounds include 1H-pyrazole, 4-nitro-3-pyrazolecarboxylic acid, 3,5-pyrazolecarboxylic acid, 3-amino-5-phenylpyrazole, 5-amino-3-phenylpyrazole, 3,4 , 5-tribromopyrazole, 3-aminopyrazole, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hydroxymethylpyrazole, 3-methylpyrazole, 1-methylpyrazole, 3-amino-5-methylpyrazole, 4-amino-pyrazolo [3,4-D] pyrimidine, allopurinol, 4-chloro-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-D] pyrimidine, 3,4-dihydroxy-6-methylpyrazolo (3,4-B) -pyridine And 6-methyl-1H-pyrazolo [3,4-B] pyridin-3-amine.
- imidazole compounds include imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylpyrazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-isopropylimidazole, benzimidazole, 5, 6-dimethylbenzimidazole, 2-aminobenzimidazole, 2-chlorobenzimidazole, 2-methylbenzimidazole, 2- (1-hydroxyethyl) benzimidazole, 2-hydroxybenzimidazole, 2-phenylbenzimidazole, 2,5 -Dimethylbenzimidazole, 5-methylbenzimidazole, 5-nitrobenzimidazole, 1H-purine and the like.
- triazole compounds include 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole, methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxy 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylic acid, methyl 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxylate, 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, 3,5-diamino-1H -1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol, 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole, 3-amino-5-benzyl-4H-1 , 2,4-triazole, 3-amino-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole, 3-bromo-5-nitro-1,2,4 -Triazo 4- (1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) phenol, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 4-amino-3,5-di
- tetrazole compounds include 1H-tetrazole, 5-methyltetrazole, 5-aminotetrazole, and 5-phenyltetrazole.
- indazole compounds include 1H-indazole, 5-amino-1H-indazole, 5-nitro-1H-indazole, 5-hydroxy-1H-indazole, 6-amino-1H-indazole, 6-nitro-1H-indazole , 6-hydroxy-1H-indazole, 3-carboxy-5-methyl-1H-indazole, and the like.
- indole compounds include 1H-indole, 1-methyl-1H-indole, 2-methyl-1H-indole, 3-methyl-1H-indole, 4-methyl-1H-indole, 5-methyl-1H-indole 6-methyl-1H-indole, 7-methyl-1H-indole, 4-amino-1H-indole, 5-amino-1H-indole, 6-amino-1H-indole, 7-amino-1H-indole, 4 -Hydroxy-1H-indole, 5-hydroxy-1H-indole, 6-hydroxy-1H-indole, 7-hydroxy-1H-indole, 4-methoxy-1H-indole, 5-methoxy-1H-indole, 6-methoxy -1H-indole, 7-methoxy-1H-indole, 4-chloro-1H-in 5-chloro-1H-indole, 6-chloro
- triazole compounds are preferred.
- the triazole compounds in particular, 1H-benzotriazole, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole, 5,6-dimethyl-1H-benzotriazole, 1- [N, N-bis (hydroxyethyl) aminomethyl] -5 -Methylbenzotriazole, 1- [N, N-bis (hydroxyethyl) aminomethyl] -4-methylbenzotriazole, 1,2,3-triazole, and 1,2,4-triazole are preferred.
- the sulfur-containing compound and / or nitrogen-containing compound is preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the resin (B) and the alkali-soluble resin (D) described later. 0.02 to 3 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.05 to 2 parts by mass is particularly preferable.
- a preferable chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition preferably further contains an alkali-soluble resin (D) in order to improve crack resistance.
- the alkali-soluble resin is a resin film having a resin concentration of 20% by mass (solvent: propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate), and a 1 ⁇ m-thick resin film is formed on the substrate to form a 2.38% by mass TMAH aqueous solution.
- the alkali-soluble resin (D) is preferably at least one resin selected from the group consisting of a novolak resin (D1), a polyhydroxystyrene resin (D2), and an acrylic resin (D3).
- the novolak resin can be obtained, for example, by addition condensation of an aromatic compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group (hereinafter simply referred to as “phenols”) and an aldehyde under an acid catalyst.
- phenols an aromatic compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group
- aldehyde an aldehyde under an acid catalyst.
- phenols examples include phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, o-ethylphenol, m-ethylphenol, p-ethylphenol, o-butylphenol, m-butylphenol, p-butylphenol, 2 , 3-xylenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 2,6-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, 3,5-xylenol, 2,3,5-trimethylphenol, 3,4,5- Examples include trimethylphenol, p-phenylphenol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, hydroquinone monomethyl ether, pyrogallol, phloroglicinol, hydroxydiphenyl, bisphenol A, gallic acid, gallic acid ester, ⁇ -naphthol, ⁇ -naphthol and the like.
- aldehydes examples include formaldehyde, furfural, benzaldehyde, nitrobenzaldehyde, acetaldehyde and the like.
- the catalyst for the addition condensation reaction is not particularly limited.
- hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid and the like are used as the acid catalyst.
- the mass average molecular weight of the novolak resin (D1) is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, but is preferably 1000 or more and 50000 or less.
- Polyhydroxystyrene resin (D2) examples of the hydroxystyrene compound constituting the polyhydroxystyrene resin (D2) include p-hydroxystyrene, ⁇ -methylhydroxystyrene, ⁇ -ethylhydroxystyrene and the like. Furthermore, the polyhydroxystyrene resin (D2) is preferably a copolymer with a styrene resin. Examples of the styrene compound constituting such a styrene resin include styrene, chlorostyrene, chloromethylstyrene, vinyltoluene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and the like.
- the mass average molecular weight of the polyhydroxystyrene resin (D2) is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, but is preferably 1000 or more and 50000 or less.
- the acrylic resin (D3) preferably includes a structural unit derived from a polymerizable compound having an ether bond and a structural unit derived from a polymerizable compound having a carboxy group.
- Examples of the polymerizable compound having an ether bond include 2-methoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, methoxytriethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, 3-methoxybutyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl carbitol (meth) acrylate, phenoxypolyethylene glycol ( Examples include (meth) acrylic acid derivatives having an ether bond and an ester bond such as (meth) acrylate, methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth) acrylate, and tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate.
- the polymerizable compound having an ether bond is preferably 2-methoxyethyl acrylate or methoxytriethylene glycol acrylate. These polymerizable compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the polymerizable compound having a carboxy group include monocarboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and crotonic acid; dicarboxylic acids such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid; 2-methacryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, and 2-methacryloyloxy. Examples thereof include compounds having a carboxy group and an ester bond such as ethylmaleic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethylphthalic acid, 2-methacryloyloxyethylhexahydrophthalic acid, and the like.
- the polymerizable compound having a carboxy group is preferably acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. These polymerizable compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the mass average molecular weight of the acrylic resin (D3) is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, but is preferably 50,000 or more and 800,000 or less.
- the content of the alkali-soluble resin (D) is preferably 0 part by mass or more and 80 parts by mass or less, and preferably 0 part by mass or more and 60 parts by mass when the total of the resin (B) and the alkali-soluble resin (D) is 100 parts by mass. Less than the mass part is more preferable.
- a preferable chemical amplification type positive photosensitive composition further contains an acid diffusion control agent (E) in order to improve the shape of the resist pattern used as a template and the stability of the film of the photosensitive composition. It is preferable.
- an acid diffusion control agent (E) As the acid diffusion controller (E), a nitrogen-containing inhibitor (E1) is preferable, and an organic carboxylic acid, or an oxo acid of phosphorus or a derivative thereof (E2) can be further contained as necessary.
- nitrogen-containing inhibitor (E1) examples include compounds containing nitrogen atoms that do not correspond to the nitrogen-containing compound that satisfies the above-mentioned predetermined requirements. In addition, about the above-mentioned nitrogen-containing compound as a component which suppresses a footing, there exists a case where there exists an effect
- Nitrogen-containing inhibitors (E1) include trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, di-n-propylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-pentylamine, tribenzylamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, n-hexyl.
- ADK STAB LA-52, ADK STAB LA-57, ADK STAB LA-63P, ADK STAB LA-68, ADK STAB LA-72, ADK STAB LA-77Y, ADK STAB LA-77G, ADK STAB LA-81, ADK STAB LA-82, and ADK STAB LA Commercially available hindered amine compounds such as ⁇ 87 (all manufactured by ADEKA) can also be used as the nitrogen-containing inhibitor (E1).
- the nitrogen-containing inhibitor (E1) is usually used in the range of 0 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the resin (B) and the alkali-soluble resin (D). It is particularly preferably used in the range of 3 parts by mass or less.
- Organic carboxylic acid or phosphorus oxo acid or derivative (E2) Among organic carboxylic acids or phosphorus oxo acids or derivatives thereof (E2), specifically, as malonic acid, malonic acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid and the like are preferable. In particular, salicylic acid is preferred.
- Phosphorus oxoacids or derivatives thereof include phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid di-n-butyl ester, phosphoric acid diphenyl ester and the like phosphoric acid and derivatives thereof such as phosphonic acid, phosphonic acid dimethyl ester, phosphonic acid- Derivatives such as phosphonic acid and their esters such as di-n-butyl ester, phenylphosphonic acid, phosphonic acid diphenyl ester and phosphonic acid dibenzyl ester; phosphinic acids such as phosphinic acid and phenylphosphinic acid and their esters Derivatives thereof, and the like.
- phosphonic acid is particularly preferable. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic carboxylic acid or phosphorus oxo acid or derivative thereof (E2) is usually 0 to 5 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the resin (B) and the alkali-soluble resin (D). It is particularly preferably used within a range of 0 to 3 parts by mass.
- a preferable chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition contains an organic solvent (S).
- the type of the organic solvent (S) is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired, and can be appropriately selected from organic solvents conventionally used in positive photosensitive compositions.
- organic solvent (S) examples include ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl isoamyl ketone, and 2-heptanone; ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoacetate, diethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monoacetate Polyhydric alcohols such as dipropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol monoacetate monomethyl ether, monoethyl ether, monopropyl ether, monobutyl ether, monophenyl ether and derivatives thereof; cyclic ethers such as dioxane; ethyl formate, lactic acid Methyl, ethyl lactate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl pyruvate, methyl acetoacetate, ethyl acetoacetate, pyrubi Ethyl acetate,
- the content of the organic solvent (S) is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- a thick film in which the film thickness of the photosensitive composition film formed by using the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition obtained from the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition obtained by spin coating or the like is 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the organic solvent (S) is preferably used in the range where the solid content concentration of the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition is 30 parts by mass or more and 55% by mass or less.
- the photosensitive composition may further contain a polyvinyl resin.
- the polyvinyl resin include polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polyhydroxystyrene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl benzoic acid, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl ethyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl phenol, and copolymers thereof. Is mentioned.
- the polyvinyl resin is preferably polyvinyl methyl ether because of its low glass transition point.
- the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition further contains an adhesion assistant in order to improve the adhesion between the mold formed using the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition and the surface of the metal layer. It may be.
- the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition may further contain a surfactant in order to improve coating properties, antifoaming properties, leveling properties, and the like.
- a surfactant for example, a fluorine-based surfactant or a silicone-based surfactant is preferably used.
- fluorosurfactant examples include BM-1000, BM-1100 (all manufactured by BM Chemie), MegaFuck F142D, MegaFuck F172, MegaFuck F173, MegaFak F183 (all Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc.) ), Fluorard FC-135, Fluorard FC-170C, Fluorard FC-430, Fluorard FC-431 (all manufactured by Sumitomo 3M), Surflon S-112, Surflon S-113, Surflon S-131, Surflon S- 141, commercially available fluorosurfactants such as Surflon S-145 (all manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), SH-28PA, SH-190, SH-193, SZ-6032, SF-8428 (all manufactured by Toray Silicone Co., Ltd.) However, it is not limited to these.
- silicone surfactants include unmodified silicone surfactants, polyether modified silicone surfactants, polyester modified silicone surfactants, alkyl modified silicone surfactants, aralkyl modified silicone surfactants, and A reactive silicone surfactant or the like can be preferably used. Commercially available silicone surfactants can be used as the silicone surfactant.
- silicone surfactants include Paintad M (manufactured by Dow Corning Toray), Topica K1000, Topica K2000, Topica K5000 (all manufactured by Takachiho Sangyo Co., Ltd.), XL-121 (polyether-modified silicone type) Surfactant, manufactured by Clariant), BYK-310 (polyester-modified silicone surfactant, manufactured by Big Chemie), and the like.
- the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition may further contain an acid, an acid anhydride, or a high boiling point solvent in order to finely adjust the solubility in the developer.
- acids and acid anhydrides include monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, isobutyric acid, n-valeric acid, isovaleric acid, benzoic acid and cinnamic acid; lactic acid, 2-hydroxybutyric acid, Hydroxy monocarboxylic acids such as 3-hydroxybutyric acid, salicylic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 3-hydroxycinnamic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid and syringic acid Acids: oxalic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxy
- the high boiling point solvent examples include N-methylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methylformanilide, N-methylacetamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide, benzyl Ethyl ether, dihexyl ether, acetonyl acetone, isophorone, caproic acid, caprylic acid, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, diethyl oxalate, diethyl maleate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate , Propylene carbonate, phenyl cellosolve acetate and the like.
- the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition may further contain a sensitizer in order to improve sensitivity.
- the chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition is prepared by mixing and stirring the above-mentioned components by a usual method.
- the apparatus that can be used for mixing and stirring the above components include a dissolver, a homogenizer, and a three-roll mill. After the above components are uniformly mixed, the obtained mixture may be further filtered using a mesh, a membrane filter or the like.
- the providing method of the photosensitive composition of this embodiment provides a photosensitive composition with respect to the process line which performs the manufacturing method of the plating molded article mentioned above.
- the photosensitive composition here should just be prepared suitably selecting from the material mentioned above, and should just prepare the preparation timing of a photosensitive composition according to the magnitude
- the business entity that executes the method of manufacturing a plated model and the business entity that executes the present providing method are not necessarily the same.
- Examples 1 to 45 and Comparative Examples 1 to 48 in Examples 1 to 45 and Comparative Examples 1 to 48 described below, as a photosensitive composition, an acid generator (A) that generates an acid upon irradiation with actinic rays or radiation, and a solution in an alkali by the action of the acid Resin (B) whose properties increase, a sulfur-containing compound having a predetermined structure and / or a nitrogen-containing compound (C), an alkali-soluble resin (D), an acid diffusion inhibitor (E), and an organic solvent (S And a chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition.
- A an acid generator
- B a solution in an alkali by the action of the acid Resin
- C sulfur-containing compound having a predetermined structure and / or a nitrogen-containing compound
- D alkali-soluble resin
- E acid diffusion inhibitor
- S And a chemically amplified positive photosensitive composition.
- Resin B1 has a weight average molecular weight Mw of 40,000 and a dispersity (Mw / Mn) of 2.6.
- Resin B2 has a weight average molecular weight Mw of 40,000 and a dispersity (Mw / Mn) of 2.6.
- the number average molecular weight of Resin B3 is 103,000.
- Example 1 to 45 Comparative Examples 1 to 15, Comparative Examples 17 to 31, and Comparative Examples 33 to 47, the following C1 to C12 were used as sulfur-containing compounds and / or nitrogen-containing compounds (C).
- Comparative Examples 16, 32, and 48 no sulfur-containing compound and / or nitrogen-containing compound (C) was used.
- D2 Novolak resin (m-cresol single condensate (mass average molecular weight (Mw) 8000))
- E1 tripentylamine and E2LA63-P (manufactured by ADEKA) were used as the acid diffusion inhibitor (E).
- the substrate was placed on a hot plate and post-exposure heating (PEB) was performed at 100 ° C. for 3 minutes. Thereafter, a 2.38 wt% aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (developer, NMD-3, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is dropped onto the exposed photosensitive composition film, and then allowed to stand at 23 ° C. for 60 seconds. The operation was repeated a total of 4 times. Thereafter, the resist pattern surface was washed with running water and then blown with nitrogen to obtain a resist pattern. The cross-sectional shape of this resist pattern was observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the footing amounts for Examples 1 to 30 and Comparative Examples 1 to 32 were measured.
- PEB post-exposure heating
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a cross section of a resist portion and a non-resist portion when measuring the footing amount.
- a resist pattern including a resist portion 12 and a non-resist portion 13 (hole) is formed on a substrate 11.
- an inflection point 15 which is a location where a footing on the side wall 14 starts, is determined on the side wall 14 that is an interface between the resist portion 12 and the non-resist portion 13.
- a perpendicular line 16 is lowered from the inflection point 15 toward the surface of the substrate 11, and an intersection point between the perpendicular line 16 and the surface of the substrate 11 is defined as a footing start point 17.
- the width Wf between the footing start point 17 and the footing end point 18 determined in this way was used as the footing amount.
- the footing amount is a value measured for any one side wall 14 of any one non-resist portion in the resist pattern. From the obtained value of the footing amount, the degree of footing was evaluated according to the following criteria. ⁇ Footing evaluation criteria> ⁇ : 0 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less ⁇ : More than 1.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m or less ⁇ : More than 2.5 ⁇ m
- the plasma ashing was performed under the conditions of a processing time of 60 seconds, a processing temperature of 25 ° C., and a plasma generator output of 300 W.
- the plating height is 50 ⁇ m under the conditions of using a copper sulfate plating solution, a solution temperature of 25 ° C., and a cathode current density of 5 ASD (A / dm 2 ).
- the substrate was placed on a hot plate and post-exposure heating (PEB) was performed at 90 ° C. for 1.5 minutes. Thereafter, a 2.38 wt% aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (developer, NMD-3, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd.) is dropped onto the exposed photosensitive composition film, and then allowed to stand at 23 ° C. for 30 seconds. The operation was repeated twice in total. Thereafter, the resist pattern surface was washed with running water and then blown with nitrogen to obtain a resist pattern. The cross-sectional shape of this resist pattern was observed with a scanning electron microscope, and the footing amount was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- PEB post-exposure heating
- a resist pattern used as a mold for forming a plated model is formed using a photosensitive composition containing a sulfur-containing compound having a predetermined structure and / or a nitrogen-containing compound (C).
- C a nitrogen-containing compound
- a resist pattern used as a mold for forming a plated article is formed by containing a sulfur-containing compound and / or a predetermined structure.
- ashing is performed on the metal surface exposed from the non-resist portion of the resist pattern used as a mold before forming the plated model.
- it does not give it turns out that the adhesiveness with respect to the surface which consists of a metal on the board
- the resist pattern used as a template for forming a plated model object does not include a sulfur-containing compound and / or a nitrogen-containing compound (C) having a predetermined structure.
- a footing tends to arise in the resist pattern formed.
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Abstract
Description
そうすることにより、バンプ及びメタルポスト等の接続端子や、Cu再配線の底面と、支持体との接触面積を十分に確保できる。そうすると、支持体との密着性が良好である接続端子やCu再配線を形成しやすい。
基板に、感光性組成物を塗布し、感光性組成物膜を形成する工程と、
感光性組成物膜を露光する工程と、
露光された感光性組成物膜を現像し、基板における金属層の少なくとも一部を露出させるようにパターンを形成する工程と、
パターンを鋳型として、めっき造形物を形成する工程と、
を含む、めっき造形物の製造方法であって、
感光性組成物が、含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物を含み、
含硫黄化合物が、金属層を構成する金属に対して配位する硫黄原子を含み、
含窒素化合物が、金属層を構成する金属に対して配位する含窒素芳香族複素環を構成する窒素原子を含み、
パターンを形成する工程と、めっき造形物を形成する工程との間に、露出された金属層の表面に対してアッシング処理を行う工程をさらに含む、めっき造形物の製造方法を提供する。
めっき造形物の製造方法は、
表面に金属層を備える基板と、感光性組成物とを準備する工程と、
基板に、感光性組成物を塗布し、感光性組成物膜を形成する工程と、
感光性組成物膜を露光する工程と、
露光された感光性組成物膜を現像し、基板における金属層の少なくとも一部を露出させるようにパターンを形成する工程と、
パターンを鋳型として、めっき造形物を形成する工程と、
を含む。
そして、上記の製造方法は、パターンを形成する工程と、めっき造形物を形成する工程との間に、露出された金属層の表面に対してアッシング処理を行う工程をさらに含む。
前述の含硫黄化合物は、基板上における金属層を構成する金属に対して配位する硫黄原子を含む。前述の含窒素化合物は、基板上における金属層を構成する金属に対して配位する含窒素芳香族複素環を構成する窒素原子を含む。
かかる含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物を含む感光性組成物を用いることにより、めっき用の鋳型として形成されるパターンにおけるフッティングを抑制でき、その結果、非パターン部の断面形状が良好な矩形である鋳型用のパターンを形成できる。
しかし、パターン形成工程と、めっき工程との環に、露出された金属層の表面に対してアッシング処理を行うと、上記の含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物を含む感光性組成物を用いて形成されたパターンが鋳型として使用されていても、基板における金属層の表面に対する密着性が良好なめっき造形物を形成できる。
準備工程では、表面に金属層を備える基板と、感光性組成物とを準備する。
表面に金属層を備える基板としては、特に限定されず、従来公知の基板を用いることができる。例えば、電子部品用の基板や、これに所定の配線パターンが形成された基板等を例示することができる。該基板としては、金属層を有する基板が用いられる。金属層を構成する金属種としては、例えば、銅、金、アルミニウムが好ましく、銅がより好ましい。
感光性組成物は、所定の構造の含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合部を含み、所望する膜厚のパターンを形成可能な感光性組成物であれば特に限定されない。
感光性組成物については、めっき造形物の製造方法について説明した後に、詳細に説明する。
膜形成工程では、基板に、感光性組成物を塗布し、感光性組成物膜を形成する。
感光性組成物膜は、例えば以下のようにして、基板上に形成される。すなわち、液状の感光性組成物を基板上に塗布し、加熱により溶媒を除去することによって所望の膜厚の感光性組成物膜を形成する。感光性組成物膜の厚さは、鋳型となるレジストパターンを所望の膜厚で形成できる限り特に限定されない。感光性組成物膜の膜厚は特に限定されないが、0.5μm以上が好ましく、0.5μm以上300μm以下がより好ましく、1μm以上150μm以下が特に好ましく、3μm以上100μm以下が最も好ましい。
露光工程では、基板上形成された感光性組成物膜を露光する。露光された感光性組成物について、後述するパターン形成工程において、現像によるパターニングが行われる。このため、感光性組成物膜に対しては、めっき造形物を形成する箇所が現像により除去されるように、位置選択的な露光が行われる。
具体的には、感光性組成物膜に対して、所定のパターンのマスクを介して、活性光線又は放射線、例えば波長が300nm以上500nm以下の紫外線又は可視光線が位置選択的に照射(露光)される。
パターン形成工程では、露光された感光性組成物膜を現像し、基板における金属層の少なくとも一部を露出させるようにパターンを形成する。
露光された感光性組成物膜を、このように、従来知られる方法に従って現像し、不要な部分を溶解、除去することにより、めっき造形物を形成するための鋳型が形成される。この際、現像液としては、アルカリ性水溶液が使用されるのが好ましい。
アッシング工程では、めっき造形物形成用の鋳型となるレジストパターンの非パターン部において露出された金属層の表面に対してアッシング処理を行う。
めっき造形物形成用の鋳型を形成する際のフッティングの抑制効果は、前述の含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物が基板上の金属層の表面に配位することによりもたらされると考えられる。
ところが、前述の通り、含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物を感光性組成物を用いて形成されたパターンを鋳型として用いてめっき造形物を形成する場合、めっき造形物の金属層の表面に対する密着性が損なわれやすい問題がある。
このことから、金属層の表面に配位する、感光性組成物に由来する含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物が、めっき造形物の基板への密着を阻害していると推察される。
好ましいアッシング処理方法としては酸素プラズマを用いる方法が挙げられる。基板上の金属層の表面を、酸素プラズマを用いてアッシングするためには、公知の酸素プラズマ発生装置を用いて酸素プラズマを発生させ、当該酸素プラズマを基板上の金属層の表面に対して照射すればよい。
酸素プラズマを用いるアッシング条件は、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲で特に限定されないが、処理時間は、例えば10秒以上20分以下の範囲であり、好ましくは20秒以上18分以下の範囲であり、より好ましくは30秒以上15分以下の範囲である。
酸素プラズマによる処理時間を上記の範囲に設定することで、レジストパターンの形状の変化をもたらすことなく、めっき造形物の密着性改良の効果を奏しやすくなる。
上記の方法により基板上に形成された鋳型としてのレジストパターンの非レジスト部に、めっきにより金属等の導体を埋め込むことにより、例えば、バンプ及びメタルポスト等の接続端子や、Cu再配線のようなめっき造形物を形成することができる。なお、めっき処理方法は特に制限されず、従来から公知の各種方法を採用することができる。めっき液としては、特にハンダめっき、銅めっき、金めっき、ニッケルめっき液が好適に用いられる。残っている鋳型は、最後に、常法に従って剥離液等を用いて除去される。
感光性組成物は、後述する所定の構造の含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合部を含み、所望する膜厚のパターンを形成可能な感光性組成物であれば特に限定されない。
感光性組成物としては、従来公知の種々のネガ型の感光性組成物、及びポジ型の感光性組成物のいずれも用いることができる。
ネガ型の感光性組成物としては、例えば、アルカリ可溶性樹脂と、光重合性モノマーと、光重合開始剤とを含有する重合型のネガ型感光性組成物;アルカリ可溶性樹脂と、架橋剤と、酸発生剤とを含有する化学増幅型のネガ型感光性組成物;酸解離性の脱離基を有し、当該脱離基が露光により光酸発生剤から発生する酸の作用で脱離することにより極性が増大する樹脂と、光酸発生剤とを少なくとも含む溶剤現像プロセス用の化学増幅型ネガ型感光性組成物等が挙げられる。
また、ポジ型の感光性組成物としては、解像性に優れ、微細パターンの形成が容易であることから、化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物が好ましい。
感光性組成物における、含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物の量は、感光性組成物の固形分量を100質量部とする場合に、0.01質量部以上5質量部以下が好ましく、0.02質量部以上3質量以下がより好ましく、0.05質量部以上2質量部以下が特に好ましい。
化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物としては、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する酸発生剤(A)(以下酸発生剤(A)とも記す。)と、酸の作用によりアルカリに対する溶解性が増大する樹脂(B)(以下樹脂(B)とも記す。)と、所定の構造の含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物(C)と、を含有する組成物が好ましい。かかる好ましい化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物は、必要に応じて、アルカリ可溶性樹脂(D)、酸拡散抑制剤(E)、及び有機溶剤(S)等の成分を含んでいてもよい。
酸発生剤(A)は、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する化合物であり、光により直接又は間接的に酸を発生する化合物であれば特に限定されない。酸発生剤(A)としては、以下に説明する、第一~第五の態様の酸発生剤が好ましい。以下、好ましい化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物において好適に使用される酸発生剤(A)の好適な態様について、第一から第五の態様として説明する。
酸の作用によりアルカリに対する溶解性が増大する樹脂(B)としては、特に限定されず、酸の作用によりアルカリに対する溶解性が増大する任意の樹脂を用いることができる。その中でも、ノボラック樹脂(B1)、ポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂(B2)、及びアクリル樹脂(B3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂を含有することが好ましい。
ノボラック樹脂(B1)としては、下記式(b1)で表される構成単位を含む樹脂を使用することができる。
ポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂(B2)としては、下記式(b4)で表される構成単位を含む樹脂を使用することができる。
アクリル樹脂(B3)としては、酸の作用によりアルカリに対する溶解性が増大するアクリル樹脂であって、従来から、種々の感光性組成物に配合されているアクリル樹脂であれば、特に限定されない。
アクリル樹脂(B3)は、例えば、-SO2-含有環式基、又はラクトン含有環式基を含むアクリル酸エステルから誘導される構成単位(b-3)を含有するのが好ましい。かかる場合、レジストパターンを形成する際に、好ましい断面形状を有するレジストパターンを形成しやすい。
ここで、「-SO2-含有環式基」とは、その環骨格中に-SO2-を含む環を含有する環式基を示し、具体的には、-SO2-における硫黄原子(S)が環式基の環骨格の一部を形成する環式基である。その環骨格中に-SO2-を含む環をひとつ目の環として数え、当該環のみの場合は単環式基、さらに他の環構造を有する場合は、その構造に関わらず多環式基と称する。-SO2-含有環式基は、単環式であってもよく、多環式であってもよい。
「ラクトン含有環式基」とは、その環骨格中に-O-C(=O)-を含む環(ラクトン環)を含有する環式基を示す。ラクトン環をひとつ目の環として数え、ラクトン環のみの場合は単環式基、さらに他の環構造を有する場合は、その構造に関わらず多環式基と称する。ラクトン含有環式基は、単環式基であってもよく、多環式基であってもよい。
構成単位(b-3-S)の例として、より具体的には、下記式(b-S1)で表される構成単位が挙げられる。
R11bは、前記で挙げた-SO2-含有環式基と同様である。
R12bは、単結合、2価の連結基のいずれであってもよい。本発明の効果に優れることから、2価の連結基であることが好ましい。
2価の連結基としての炭化水素基は、脂肪族炭化水素基であってもよく、芳香族炭化水素基であってもよい。脂肪族炭化水素基は、芳香族性を持たない炭化水素基を意味する。当該脂肪族炭化水素基は、飽和であってもよく、不飽和であってもよい。通常は飽和炭化水素基が好ましい。当該脂肪族炭化水素基として、より具体的には、直鎖状又は分岐鎖状の脂肪族炭化水素基、構造中に環を含む脂肪族炭化水素基等が挙げられる。
ヘテロ原子を含む2価の連結基におけるヘテロ原子とは、炭素原子及び水素原子以外の原子であり、例えば、酸素原子、窒素原子、硫黄原子、及びハロゲン原子等が挙げられる。
R13bの2価の連結基としては、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキレン基、構造中に環を含む脂肪族炭化水素基、又はヘテロ原子を含む2価の連結基が好ましく、直鎖状若しくは分岐鎖状のアルキレン基、又はヘテロ原子として酸素原子を含む2価の連結基が好ましい。
構成単位(b-3-L)の例としては、例えば前述の式(b-S1)中のR11bをラクトン含有環式基で置換した構成単位が挙げられる。より具体的には、下記式(b-L1)~(b-L5)で表される構成単位が挙げられる。
R’におけるアルキル基、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、-COOR”、-OC(=O)R”、ヒドロキシアルキル基としては、それぞれ、-SO2-含有環式基が有していてもよい置換基として挙げたアルキル基、アルコキシ基、ハロゲン化アルキル基、-COOR”、-OC(=O)R”、ヒドロキシアルキル基について前述した基と同様の基が挙げられる。
R”におけるアルキル基は、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状のいずれであってもよい。
R”が直鎖状又は分岐鎖状のアルキル基の場合は、炭素原子数1以上10以下であることが好ましく、炭素原子数1以上5以下であることがさらに好ましい。
R”が環状のアルキル基の場合は、炭素原子数3以上15以下であることが好ましく、炭素原子数4以上12以下であることがさらに好ましく、炭素原子数5以上10以下が最も好ましい。具体的には、フッ素原子又はフッ素化アルキル基で置換されていてもよいし、されていなくてもよいモノシクロアルカン、ビシクロアルカン、トリシクロアルカン、テトラシクロアルカン等のポリシクロアルカンから1個以上の水素原子を除いた基等を例示できる。具体的には、シクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン等のモノシクロアルカンや、アダマンタン、ノルボルナン、イソボルナン、トリシクロデカン、テトラシクロドデカン等のポリシクロアルカンから1個以上の水素原子を除いた基等が挙げられる。
A”としては、前述の式(3-1)中のA’と同様の基が挙げられる。A”は、炭素原子数1以上5以下のアルキレン基、酸素原子(-O-)又は硫黄原子(-S-)であることが好ましく、炭素原子数1以上5以下のアルキレン基、又は-O-がより好ましい。炭素原子数1以上5以下のアルキレン基としては、メチレン基、又はジメチルメチレン基がより好ましく、メチレン基が最も好ましい。
式(b-L1)中、s”は1又は2であることが好ましい。
以下に、前述の式(b-L1)~(b-L3)で表される構成単位の具体例を例示する。以下の各式中、Rαは、水素原子、メチル基、又はトリフルオロメチル基を示す。
なかでも、前述の式(b-L1-1)、(b-L1-2)、(b-L2-1)、(b-L2-7)、(b-L2-12)、(b-L2-14)、(b-L3-1)、及び(b-L3-5)で表される構成単位からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種が好ましい。
脂肪族環式基の具体例としては、モノシクロアルカン、ビシクロアルカン、トリシクロアルカン、テトラシクロアルカン等のポリシクロアルカンから1個以上の水素原子を除いた基が挙げられる。具体的には、シクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン、シクロヘプタン、シクロオクタン等のモノシクロアルカンや、アダマンタン、ノルボルナン、イソボルナン、トリシクロデカン、テトラシクロドデカン等のポリシクロアルカンから1個の水素原子を除いた基が挙げられる。特に、シクロヘキサン、アダマンタンから1個の水素原子を除いた基(さらに置換基を有していてもよい)が好ましい。
アクリル樹脂(B3)において、カルボキシ基を有する重合性化合物に由来する構成単位を比較的多量に含むアクリル樹脂は、カルボキシ基を有する重合性化合物に由来する構成単位を少量しか含まないか、含まないアクリル樹脂と併用されるのが好ましい。
また、樹脂(B)の含有量は、感光性組成物の全固形分質量に対して5質量%以上98質量%以下が好ましく、10質量%以上95質量%以下がより好ましい。
化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物は、所定の構造の含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物(C)を含有する。このため、所定の構造の含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物(C)を含有する化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物を用いると、レジストパターンを形成する際にフッティング等の断面形状の不具合が発生しやすいCu等の金属基板を用いる場合でも、所望する形状及び寸法のレジストパターンを形成しやすい。
以下、含硫黄化合物と、含窒素化合物とについて説明する。
含硫黄化合物は、金属層を構成する金属に対して配位する硫黄原子を含む化合物である。なお、2以上の互変異性体を生じ得る化合物に関して、少なくとも1つの互変異性体が金属層を構成する金属に対して配位する硫黄原子を含む場合、当該化合物は含硫黄化合物に該当する。
また、本明細書において、含硫黄化合物と、後述する含窒素化合物との双方に該当する化合物については、含硫黄化合物として記載する。
金属層を構成する金属に対して配位しやすく、フッティングの抑制効果に優れることから、含硫黄化合物がメルカプト基を有するのが好ましい。
含窒素芳香族複素環の好適な具体例としては、イミダゾール、ピラゾール、1,2,3-トリアゾール、1,2,4-トリアゾール、オキサゾール、チアゾール、ピリジン、ピリミジン、ピリダジン、ピラジン、1,2,3-トリアジン、1,2,4-トリアジン、1,3,5-トリアジン、インドール、インダゾール、ベンゾイミダゾール、ベンゾオキサゾール、ベンゾチアゾール、1H-ベンゾトリアゾール、キノリン、イソキノリン、シンノリン、フタラジン、キナゾリン、キノキサリン、及び1,8-ナフチリジンが挙げられる。
含窒素化合物は、基板上における金属層を構成する金属に対して配位する含窒素芳香族複素環を構成する窒素原子を含む化合物である。つまり、含窒素化合物は、その構造中に含まれる含窒素複素環によって、基板上における金属層を構成する金属に対して配位する。
なお、本明細書において、前述の通り、前述の含硫黄化合物と、含窒素化合物との双方に該当する化合物については、含硫黄化合物として記載する。
好ましい化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物は、クラック耐性を向上させるため、さらにアルカリ可溶性樹脂(D)を含有することが好ましい。ここで、アルカリ可溶性樹脂とは、樹脂濃度20質量%の樹脂溶液(溶媒:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート)により、膜厚1μmの樹脂膜を基板上に形成し、2.38質量%のTMAH水溶液に1分間浸漬した際、0.01μm以上溶解する樹脂をいう。アルカリ可溶性樹脂(D)としては、ノボラック樹脂(D1)、ポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂(D2)、及びアクリル樹脂(D3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂であることが好ましい。
ノボラック樹脂は、例えばフェノール性水酸基を有する芳香族化合物(以下、単に「フェノール類」という。)とアルデヒド類とを酸触媒下で付加縮合させることにより得られる。
上記アルデヒド類としては、例えば、ホルムアルデヒド、フルフラール、ベンズアルデヒド、ニトロベンズアルデヒド、アセトアルデヒド等が挙げられる。
付加縮合反応時の触媒は、特に限定されないが、例えば酸触媒では、塩酸、硝酸、硫酸、蟻酸、シュウ酸、酢酸等が使用される。
ポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂(D2)を構成するヒドロキシスチレン系化合物としては、p-ヒドロキシスチレン、α-メチルヒドロキシスチレン、α-エチルヒドロキシスチレン等が挙げられる。
さらに、ポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂(D2)は、スチレン樹脂との共重合体とすることが好ましい。このようなスチレン樹脂を構成するスチレン系化合物としては、スチレン、クロロスチレン、クロロメチルスチレン、ビニルトルエン、α-メチルスチレン等が挙げられる。
アクリル樹脂(D3)としては、エーテル結合を有する重合性化合物から誘導された構成単位、及びカルボキシ基を有する重合性化合物から誘導された構成単位を含むことが好ましい。
好ましい化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物は、鋳型として使用されるレジストパターンの形状や、感光性組成物膜の引き置き安定性等の向上のため、さらに酸拡散制御剤(E)を含有することが好ましい。酸拡散制御剤(E)としては、含窒素抑制剤(E1)が好ましく、さらに必要に応じて、有機カルボン酸、又はリンのオキソ酸若しくはその誘導体(E2)を含有させることができる。
含窒素抑制剤(E1)としては、前述の所定の要件を満たす含窒素化合物に該当しない、窒素原子を含有する化合物が挙げられる。なお、フッティングを抑制する成分としての前述の含窒素化合物について、使用量によっては酸拡散抑制剤(E)としての作用を奏する場合がある。
含窒素抑制剤(E1)としては、トリメチルアミン、ジエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン、ジ-n-プロピルアミン、トリ-n-プロピルアミン、トリ-n-ペンチルアミン、トリベンジルアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、n-ヘキシルアミン、n-ヘプチルアミン、n-オクチルアミン、n-ノニルアミン、エチレンジアミン、N,N,N’,N’-テトラメチルエチレンジアミン、テトラメチレンジアミン、ヘキサメチレンジアミン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルアミン、ホルムアミド、N-メチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、アセトアミド、N-メチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、プロピオンアミド、ベンズアミド、ピロリドン、N-メチルピロリドン、メチルウレア、1,1-ジメチルウレア、1,3-ジメチルウレア、1,1,3,3,-テトラメチルウレア、1,3-ジフェニルウレア、ピロリジン、ピペリジン、モルホリン、4-メチルモルホリン、及び1,4-ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン等を挙げることができる。これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
有機カルボン酸、又はリンのオキソ酸若しくはその誘導体(E2)のうち、有機カルボン酸としては、具体的には、マロン酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、コハク酸、安息香酸、サリチル酸等が好適であり、特にサリチル酸が好ましい。
好ましい化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物は、有機溶剤(S)を含有する。有機溶剤(S)の種類は、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲で特に限定されず、従来よりポジ型の感光性組成物に使用されている有機溶剤から適宜選択して使用することができる。
感光性組成物は、可塑性を向上させるため、さらにポリビニル樹脂を含有していてもよい。ポリビニル樹脂の具体例としては、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリスチレン、ポリヒドロキシスチレン、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリビニル安息香酸、ポリビニルメチルエーテル、ポリビニルエチルエーテル、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルフェノール、及びこれらの共重合体等が挙げられる。ポリビニル樹脂は、ガラス転移点の低さの点から、好ましくはポリビニルメチルエーテルである。
フッ素系界面活性剤の具体例としては、BM-1000、BM-1100(いずれもBMケミー社製)、メガファックF142D、メガファックF172、メガファックF173、メガファックF183(いずれも大日本インキ化学工業社製)、フロラードFC-135、フロラードFC-170C、フロラードFC-430、フロラードFC-431(いずれも住友スリーエム社製)、サーフロンS-112、サーフロンS-113、サーフロンS-131、サーフロンS-141、サーフロンS-145(いずれも旭硝子社製)、SH-28PA、SH-190、SH-193、SZ-6032、SF-8428(いずれも東レシリコーン社製)等の市販のフッ素系界面活性剤が挙げられるが、これらに限定されない。
シリコーン系界面活性剤としては、未変性シリコーン系界面活性剤、ポリエーテル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤、ポリエステル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤、アルキル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤、アラルキル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤、及び反応性シリコーン系界面活性剤等を好ましく用いることができる。
シリコーン系界面活性剤としては、市販のシリコーン系界面活性剤を用いることができる。市販のシリコーン系界面活性剤の具体例としては、ペインタッドM(東レ・ダウコーニング社製)、トピカK1000、トピカK2000、トピカK5000(いずれも高千穂産業社製)、XL-121(ポリエーテル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤、クラリアント社製)、BYK-310(ポリエステル変性シリコーン系界面活性剤、ビックケミー社製)等が挙げられる。
化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物は、上記の各成分を通常の方法で混合、撹拌して調製される。上記の各成分を、混合、撹拌する際に使用できる装置としては、ディゾルバー、ホモジナイザー、3本ロールミル等が挙げられる。上記の各成分を均一に混合した後に、得られた混合物を、さらにメッシュ、メンブランフィルタ等を用いて濾過してもよい。
本実施形態の感光性組成物の提供方法は、前述しためっき造形物の製造方法を実行するプロセスラインに対し、感光性組成物を提供する。
ここでの感光性組成物は、上述した材料の中から適宜選択して調製したものであればよく、プロセスラインの大きさ、稼働スピードに応じて感光性組成物の調製タイミングを図ればよい。
また、めっき造形物の製造方法を実行する事業主体と、本提供方法を実行する事業主体は必ずしも同一である必要はない。
以下に説明する実施例1~45、及び比較例1~48では、感光性組成物として、活性光線又は放射線の照射により酸を発生する酸発生剤(A)と、酸の作用によりアルカリに対する溶解性が増大する樹脂(B)と、所定の構造の含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物(C)と、アルカリ可溶性樹脂(D)と、酸拡散抑制剤(E)と、有機溶剤(S)とを含む化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物を用いた。
D1:ポリヒドロキシスチレン樹脂(p-ヒドロキシスチレン:スチレン=85:15(質量比)の共重合体、質量平均分子量(Mw)2500、分散度(Mw/Mn)2.4)
D2:ノボラック樹脂(m-クレゾール単独縮合体(質量平均分子量(Mw)8000))
実施例、及び比較例の感光性組成物を、直径8インチの銅基板上に塗布し、膜厚55μmの感光性組成物膜を形成した。次いで、感光性組成物膜を100℃で5分間プリベークした。プリベーク後、30μm×30μmの矩形の開口を形成できるスクェアパターンのマスクと露光装置Prisma GHI(ウルトラテック社製)とを用いて、所定のサイズのパターンを形成可能な最低露光量の1.2倍の露光量にて、ghi線でパターン露光した。次いで、基板をホットプレート上に載置して100℃で3分間の露光後加熱(PEB)を行った。その後、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドの2.38重量%水溶液(現像液、NMD-3、東京応化工業株式会社製)を露光された感光性組成物膜に滴下した後に23℃で60秒間静置する操作を、計4回繰り返して行った。その後、レジストパターン表面を流水洗浄した後に、窒素ブローしてレジストパターンを得た。このレジストパターンの断面形状を走査型電子顕微鏡により観察して、実施例1~30、及び比較例1~32についてのフッティング量を測定した。
具体的には、フッティング量は以下のようにして測定した。フッティング量を測定する際のレジスト部及び非レジスト部の断面の模式図を図1に示す。図1中で、基板11上にレジスト部12と非レジスト部13(ホール)とを備えるレジストパターンが形成されている。まず、レジスト部12と非レジスト部13との界面である側壁14上において、側壁14上でのフッティングが開始する箇所である変曲点15を定めた。変曲点15から基板11の表面に向けて垂線16を下ろし、垂線16と基板11の表面との交点をフッティング始点17とした。また、側壁14の曲線と基板11の表面との交点をフッティング終点18とした。このように定めた、フッティング始点17とフッティング終点18との間の幅Wfをフッティング量とした。フッティング量は、レジストパターン中の任意の1つの非レジスト部の、任意の一方の側壁14について測定した値である。求められたフッティング量の値から、以下の基準に従って、フッティングの程度を評価した。
<フッティング評価基準>
○:0μm以上1.5μm以下
△:1.5μm超2.5μm以下
×:2.5μm超
フッティングの評価と同様の方法で、3つの基板に対してレジストパターンを形成した。レジストパターンの形成後、3つの基板のうちの1つについて、レジストパターンの非レジスト部において露出する銅からなる表面に対して、酸素ガス(O2)を用いたプラズマアッシングを行った。
また、3つの基板のうちの1つについて、レジストパターンの非レジスト部において露出する銅からなる表面に対して、混合ガス(O2/CF4=9/1(体積比))を用いたプラズマアッシングを行った。
さらに、3つの基板のうちの1つについて、レジストパターンの非レジスト部において露出する銅からなる表面に対して、混合ガス(O2/CF4=7/3(体積比))を用いたプラズマアッシングを行った。
なお、プラズマアッシングは、処理時間60秒、処理温度25℃、プラズマ発生装置出力300Wの条件で行った。
それぞれ異なるガスを用いてプラズマアッシングされた3つの基板それぞれに対して、硫酸銅めっき液使用、液温25℃、及びカーソード電流密度5ASD(A/dm2)の条件で、めっき高さが50μmに達するまで、メッキを施し、基板中の銅からなる表面上に直方体状のめっき造形物を形成した。
めっき造形物の形成後、アセトンでリンスしてめっき造形物の形成用の鋳型として用いられたレジストパターンを剥離した。
レジストパターンを剥離した後の基板の表面を電子顕微鏡により観察し、めっき造形物についての位置ずれや倒れの有無を確認して、めっき造形物の密着性を評価した。位置ずれや倒れが確認されなかった場合を○と判定し、位置ずれや倒れが確認された場合を×と判定した。
プラズマアッシングを行わないことの他は、実施例1~30についての評価と同様に、めっき、及びレジストパターンの剥離を行い、めっき造形物の密着性を評価した。
実施例、及び比較例の感光性組成物を、直径8インチの銅基板上に塗布し、膜厚7μmの感光性組成物膜を形成した。次いで、感光性組成物膜を130℃で5分間プリベークした。プリベーク後、プリベーク後、ライン幅2μmスペース幅2μmのラインアンドスペースパターンのマスクと露光装置Prisma GHI(ウルトラテック社製)とを用いて、所定のサイズのパターンを形成可能な最低露光量の1.2倍の露光量にて、ghi線でパターン露光した。次いで、基板をホットプレート上に載置して90℃で1.5分間の露光後加熱(PEB)を行った。その後、テトラメチルアンモニウムヒドロキシドの2.38重量%水溶液(現像液、NMD-3、東京応化工業株式会社製)を露光された感光性組成物膜に滴下した後に23℃で30秒間静置する操作を、計2回繰り返して行った。その後、レジストパターン表面を流水洗浄した後に、窒素ブローしてレジストパターンを得た。このレジストパターンの断面形状を走査型電子顕微鏡により観察して、実施例1と同様にフッティング量を測定した。求められたフッティング量の値から、以下の基準に従って、フッティングの程度を評価した。
<フッティング評価基準>
○:0μm以上0.5μm以下
△:0.5μm超1.0μm以下
×:1.0μm超
めっき高さを5μmに変更した以外は、実施例1又は比較例1についての評価と同様に、めっき、及びレジストパターンの剥離を行い、めっき造形物の密着性を評価した。
Claims (7)
- 表面に金属層を備える基板と、感光性組成物とを準備する工程と、
前記基板に、前記感光性組成物を塗布し、感光性組成物膜を形成する工程と、
前記感光性組成物膜を露光する工程と、
露光された前記感光性組成物膜を現像し、前記基板における前記金属層の少なくとも一部を露出させるようにパターンを形成する工程と、
前記パターンを鋳型として、めっき造形物を形成する工程と、
を含む、めっき造形物の製造方法であって、
前記感光性組成物が、含硫黄化合物、及び/又は含窒素化合物を含み、
前記含硫黄化合物が、前記金属層を構成する金属に対して配位する硫黄原子を含み、
前記含窒素化合物が、前記金属層を構成する金属に対して配位する含窒素芳香族複素環を構成する窒素原子を含み、
パターンを形成する前記工程と、めっき造形物を形成する工程との間に、露出された前記金属層の表面に対してアッシング処理を行う工程をさらに含む、めっき造形物の製造方法。 - 前記感光性組成物が、前記含硫黄化合物としてメルカプト基を含有する化合物を含む、請求項1に記載のめっき造形物の製造方法。
- 前記感光性組成物が、ポジ型の感光性組成物である、請求項1又は2に記載のめっき造形物の製造方法。
- 前記感光性組成物が、化学増幅型ポジ型感光性組成物である、請求項3に記載のめっき造形物の製造方法。
- アッシング処理を行う前記工程が、酸素プラズマにより行われる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のめっき造形物の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のめっき造形物の製造方法を実行するプロセスラインに対し、前記感光性組成物を提供する、感光性組成物の提供方法。
- 前記感光性組成物が、前記含硫黄化合物としてメルカプト基を含有する化合物を含む、請求項6に記載の感光性組成物の提供方法。
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WO2021235283A1 (ja) * | 2020-05-18 | 2021-11-25 | Jsr株式会社 | 感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法及びオニウム塩化合物 |
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WO2023085246A1 (ja) | 2021-11-11 | 2023-05-19 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 非感光性表面改質剤、積層体、プリント基板及び電子デバイス |
JP2024065371A (ja) | 2022-10-31 | 2024-05-15 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 非感光性表面改質剤、処理液及び積層体 |
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Also Published As
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JPWO2019187591A1 (ja) | 2020-04-30 |
CN111919174A (zh) | 2020-11-10 |
SG11202009505XA (en) | 2020-10-29 |
KR102487143B1 (ko) | 2023-01-10 |
EP3761117A4 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
JP7219691B2 (ja) | 2023-02-08 |
EP3761117A1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
TWI699621B (zh) | 2020-07-21 |
US20210055655A1 (en) | 2021-02-25 |
TW201942676A (zh) | 2019-11-01 |
KR20200135502A (ko) | 2020-12-02 |
JP6612485B1 (ja) | 2019-11-27 |
JP2020034933A (ja) | 2020-03-05 |
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