WO2019186906A1 - オーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板 - Google Patents
オーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板 Download PDFInfo
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- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an austenitic wear-resistant steel plate used for wear-resistant members.
- Conventional steel plates for wear-resistant members are manufactured by quenching steel containing about 0.1 to 0.3% C as disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the like to make the metal structure martensite.
- the Such a steel sheet has a remarkably high Vickers hardness of about 400 to 600 Hv, and is excellent in wear resistance.
- the martensite structure is very hard, bending workability and toughness are inferior.
- conventional steel plates for wear-resistant members contain a large amount of C in order to increase the hardness, but if containing 0.2% or more of C, weld cracks may occur.
- high Mn cast steel is used as a material having both wear resistance and ductility.
- High Mn cast steel has good ductility and toughness because the matrix is austenite.
- high-Mn cast steel has the characteristic that when the surface part is subjected to plastic deformation due to rock collisions, deformation twins, or work-induced martensitic transformation occurs depending on conditions, and only the hardness of the surface part is significantly increased. Have. For this reason, the high Mn cast steel can be maintained in a state in which ductility and toughness are excellent because the central portion remains austenite even if the wear resistance of the impact surface (surface portion) is improved.
- Patent Document 9 as a method for avoiding the addition of a large amount of Mn and C, a method for producing high-Mn cast steel mainly using work-induced martensite is proposed.
- the main mechanism for improving the wear resistance of the above-mentioned high C, high Mn austenitic wear resistant steel is that austenite twin deformation occurs due to strong work introduced into the steel surface at the time of collision of rocks, etc. It causes remarkable work hardening in the steel material surface.
- the method described in Patent Document 9 is to improve the wear resistance of steel by mainly transforming austenite into high carbon martensite by strong processing of the steel material surface portion. Martensite containing a large amount of carbon is known to increase in hardness in proportion to the amount of C, and is a very hard structure.
- the amount of C can be reduced as compared with austenitic wear-resistant steel. Further, in the method described in Patent Document 9, since it is not necessary to stabilize austenite as in austenitic wear resistant steel, the amount of Mn can be reduced.
- Patent Document 9 discloses a step of performing a homogenization treatment at 850 to 1200 ° C. for 0.5 to 3 hours, a step of cooling to 500 to 700 ° C., a step of performing a pearlite treatment for 3 to 24 hours, and then 850.
- a complicated and long-time heat treatment is required, including a step of performing austenitizing treatment that is reheated to ⁇ 1200 ° C., followed by a step of performing water cooling.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2014-194042 Japanese Patent Publication No.57-17937 Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-8181 Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-14303 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-15623 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-56056 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 62-139855 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 1-142058 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 11-61339
- an object of the present invention is to provide an austenitic wear-resistant steel sheet that is excellent in wear resistance and strength, and toughness and ductility contrary to these.
- the austenitic wear resistant steel sheet In order to improve the wear resistance and strength of the austenitic wear resistant steel sheet, it is preferable to contain a large amount of hard ⁇ ′ martensite and ⁇ martensite in the austenite. However, if ⁇ ′ martensite or ⁇ martensite is excessively contained, the toughness and ductility of the austenitic wear-resistant steel sheet may deteriorate. In order to obtain the wear resistance and strength, toughness and ductility of the austenitic wear resistant steel sheet, it is necessary to have a structure mainly composed of an austenite phase at the temperature at which the austenitic wear resistant steel sheet is used.
- ⁇ ′ martensite and ⁇ martensite are contained in the steel and the structure does not contain these structures excessively. In order to realize such a structure, it is necessary to adjust the chemical composition of the steel and to control the austenite stability to an appropriate level.
- the C content is increased to around 1%, twin deformation is caused by plastic deformation due to rock collisions, etc., and remarkable work hardening occurs on the steel sheet surface. It is necessary to remarkably increase the hardness of the surface portion of the steel sheet by generating hard martensite by processing-induced martensite transformation. Since the hardness of martensite containing a large amount of carbon is high, causing the work-induced martensitic transformation in the steel plate surface portion significantly improves the wear resistance of the austenitic wear-resistant steel plate.
- the structure of the austenitic wear-resistant steel sheet is a structure mainly composed of austenite at the time of manufacture
- the stability of austenite is controlled so that it undergoes processing-induced martensitic transformation when rocks collide. It is necessary to.
- the content of C and Mn is controlled.
- crystal grains In order to improve the toughness of a steel sheet, it is extremely effective to refine austenite crystal grains (hereinafter sometimes referred to simply as “crystal grains”), and this can be achieved by hot rolling. Refinement of crystal grains has an effect of improving toughness in proportion to “ ⁇ 1/2 to the crystal grain size” as known from the relationship of Hall Petch.
- excessive refinement has a drawback in that the amount of carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries is increased by increasing the number of carbide nucleation sites generated at the austenite grain boundaries. Grain boundary carbides are very hard, and as the amount of precipitation increases, the toughness and ductility of the steel decrease.
- the present inventors have found that the toughness and ductility of a steel sheet can be improved by controlling the crystal grains so as not to become excessively small while miniaturizing the crystal grains.
- the austenitic wear-resistant steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention has a chemical composition of mass%, C: 0.2 to 1.6% Si: 0.01 to 2.00% Mn: 2.5 to 30.0%, P: 0.050% or less, S: 0.0100% or less, Cu: 0 to 3.0%, Ni: 0 to 3.0%, Co: 0 to 3.0%, Cr: 0 to 5.0%, Mo: 0 to 2.0%, W: 0-2.0%, Nb: 0 to 0.30%, V: 0 to 0.30%, Ti: 0 to 0.30%, Zr: 0 to 0.30%, Ta: 0 to 0.30%, B: 0 to 0.300%, Al: 0.001 to 0.300%, N: 0 to 1.000% O: 0 to 0.0100%, Mg: 0 to
- the chemical composition may satisfy the following formula. ⁇ C + 0.8 ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ Mn ⁇ 90 ⁇ (P + S) + 1.5 ⁇ (Cu + Ni + Co) + 3.3 ⁇ Cr + 9 ⁇ Mo + 4.5 ⁇ W + 0.8 ⁇ Al + 6 ⁇ N + 1.5 ⁇ 3.2
- Each element symbol in the above formula indicates the content of each element in mass%.
- the metal structure is a volume fraction, ⁇ martensite: 0-60%, ⁇ 'martensite: 0-60%, The total of the ⁇ martensite and the ⁇ ′ martensite may be 5 to 60%.
- the chemical composition is in mass%, O: 0.0001 to 0.0100%, Total of Mg content, Ca content and REM content: 0.0001 to 0.0100% may be sufficient.
- the chemical composition is in mass%, S: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, The content in mass% of O and S may satisfy O / S ⁇ 1.0.
- the chemical composition represents C and Mn content in mass% as C and Mn, respectively. When ⁇ 6.5 ⁇ C + 16.5 ⁇ Mn ⁇ ⁇ 20 ⁇ C + 30 may be satisfied.
- the chemical composition is in mass%, Cu: 0 to 0.2% It may be.
- an austenitic wear-resistant steel plate (hereinafter simply referred to as “steel plate”) that is excellent in wear resistance and strength, and toughness and ductility contrary to these.
- the chemical composition is appropriately controlled, the metal structure is appropriately controlled by hot rolling, and the crystal grains of the steel sheet are refined, thereby improving the resistance.
- a steel sheet excellent in wear and strength, toughness and ductility can be provided.
- the steel sheet according to the present invention can be manufactured to a width of about 5 m and a length of about 50 m with various plate thicknesses ranging from about 3 mm to about 200 mm.
- the steel sheet according to the present invention can be used not only as a relatively small wear-resistant member to which impact such as a crusher liner is applied, but also as a very large construction machine member and wear-resistant structural member.
- the steel plate which concerns on this invention the steel pipe and shape steel which have the characteristic similar to the steel plate which concerns on this invention can also be manufactured.
- the preferred embodiment of the present invention since coarsening of crystal grains in the welded portion can be suppressed using oxysulfide, it is possible to provide a steel plate that is excellent in the toughness of the welded portion.
- a steel sheet using a structure mainly composed of high-hardness austenite as described above or a martensitic transformation of the austenite structure is defined as an austenitic wear-resistant steel.
- a steel sheet having an austenite volume fraction of 40% or more and less than 95% is defined as an austenitic wear-resistant steel sheet.
- C stabilizes austenite and improves wear resistance.
- the C content needs to be 0.2% or more.
- the C content is preferably 0.3% or more, 0.5% or more, 0.6% or more, or 0.7% or more.
- the C content is set to 1.6% or less.
- the C content is more preferably 1.4% or less, or 1.2% or less.
- the C content may be 1.0% or less, or 0.8% or less.
- Si is usually a deoxidizing element and a solid solution strengthening element, but has the effect of suppressing the formation of Cr and Fe carbides.
- the present inventors have studied various elements that suppress the formation of carbides and found that the generation of carbides is suppressed by containing a predetermined amount of Si. Specifically, the present inventors have found that the formation of carbides is suppressed by setting the Si content to 0.01 to 2.00%. If the Si content is less than 0.01%, the effect of suppressing the formation of carbides cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Si content exceeds 2.00%, coarse inclusions are generated in the steel, which may cause deterioration of the ductility and toughness of the steel sheet.
- the Si content is preferably 0.10% or more, or 0.30% or more.
- the Si content is preferably 1.50% or less, or 1.00% or less.
- Mn is an element that stabilizes austenite together with C.
- the Mn content is 2.5 to 30.0%.
- the Mn content is preferably 5.0% or more, 10.0% or more, 12.0% or more, or 15.0% or more.
- the Mn content is preferably 25.0% or less, 20.0% or less, or 18.0% or less.
- the Mn content is -13.75 ⁇ C + 16.5 (%) or more and ⁇ 20 ⁇ C + 30 (%) or less (ie, -13.75 ⁇ C + 16) in relation to the C content. .5 ⁇ Mn ⁇ ⁇ 20 ⁇ C + 30). This is because the austenite volume fraction is less than 40% when the Mn content is less than ⁇ 13.75 ⁇ C + 16.5 (%) in relation to the C content. Further, if the Mn content is more than ⁇ 20 ⁇ C + 30 (%) in relation to the C content, the volume fraction of austenite is more than 95%.
- the Mn content is ⁇ 6.5 ⁇ C + 16.5 (%) or more and ⁇ 20 ⁇ C + 30 (%) or less (ie, ⁇ 6 in relation to the C content).
- the P content is 0.050% or less.
- the P content is preferably 0.030% or less, or 0.020% or less.
- P is generally mixed as an impurity from scrap or the like during the production of molten steel, but there is no need to particularly limit the lower limit thereof, and the lower limit is 0%. However, if the P content is excessively reduced, the manufacturing cost may increase. Therefore, the lower limit of the P content may be 0.001% or more, or 0.002% or more.
- S is an impurity. If it is excessively contained, it segregates at the grain boundary or produces coarse MnS, which lowers the ductility and toughness of the steel sheet. Therefore, the S content is set to 0.0100% or less.
- the S content is preferably 0.0060% or less, 0.0040% or less, or 0.0020% or less.
- the lower limit of the S content is 0%.
- S suppresses the growth of austenite crystal grains by generating fine oxysulfides in O and Mg, Ca and / or REM (rare-earth metal) and steel. In addition, there is an effect of improving the toughness of the steel sheet, particularly the toughness of the heat-affected zone (HAZ).
- the “oxysulfide” includes not only a compound containing both O and S but also an oxide and a sulfide.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment further includes the following Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, W, Nb, V, Ti, Zr, Ta, B, N, O, Mg, and Ca.
- one or more of REM may be selectively contained.
- the content of these elements is not essential, and the lower limit of the content of all these elements is 0%.
- Al mentioned later is not an arbitrary element but an essential element.
- Cu, Ni and Co improve the toughness of the steel sheet and stabilize austenite.
- the content of any one of Cu, Ni, and Co exceeds 3.0%, the effect of improving the toughness of the steel sheet is saturated and the cost increases. Therefore, when these elements are contained, the content of each element is set to 3.0% or less.
- the Cu content, Ni content, and Co content are each preferably 2.0% or less, 1.0% or less, 0.5% or less, or 0.3% or less. In particular, the Cu content is more preferably 0.2% or less.
- the Cu content may be 0.02% or more, 0.05% or more, or 0.1% or more
- the Ni content and Co content may be 0.02% or more, 0%, respectively. .05% or more, 0.1% or more, or 0.2% or more.
- Cr 0 to 5.0%
- Cr improves the work hardening characteristics of steel. If the Cr content exceeds 5.0%, precipitation of grain boundary carbides is promoted and the toughness of the steel sheet is lowered. Therefore, the Cr content is 5.0% or less.
- the Cr content is preferably 2.5% or less, or 1.5% or less. In order to improve work hardening characteristics, the Cr content may be 0.05% or more, or 0.1% or more.
- Mo and W reinforce the steel, lower the C activity in the austenite phase, suppress precipitation of Cr and Fe carbides precipitated at the austenite grain boundaries, and improve the toughness and ductility of the steel sheet.
- Mo content and W content shall be 2.0% or less, respectively.
- the Mo content and the W content are 1.0% or less, 0.5% or less, or 0.1% or less, respectively.
- the Mo content and the W content may be 0.01% or more, 0.05% or more, or 0.1% or more, respectively.
- Nb 0 to 0.30%, V: 0 to 0.30%, Ti: 0 to 0.30%, Zr: 0 to 0.30%, Ta: 0 to 0.30%
- Nb, V, Ti, Zr and Ta generate precipitates such as carbonitrides in the steel. These precipitates improve the toughness of the steel by suppressing the coarsening of crystal grains during the solidification of the steel.
- the said element reduces the activity of C and N in austenite, and suppresses the production
- the Nb content, the V content, the Ti content, the Zr content, and the Ta content are each 0.30% or less, 0.20% or less, 0.10% or less, or 0.01% or less. It is more preferable. Furthermore, it is still more preferable that the total of Nb content, V content, Ti content, Zr content and Ta content is 0.30% or less, or 0.20% or less.
- the Nb content and the V content may be 0.005% or more, 0.01% or more, or 0.02% or more, respectively.
- the Ti content, the Zr content, and the Ta content may be 0.001% or more, or 0.01% or more, respectively.
- B segregates at the austenite grain boundaries to suppress grain boundary fracture and improve the proof stress and ductility of the steel sheet.
- the B content is set to 0.300% or less.
- the B content is preferably 0.250% or less.
- the B content may be 0.0002% or more, or 0.001% or more.
- Al is a deoxidizing element and a solid solution strengthening element, but suppresses the formation of Cr and Fe carbides as with Si.
- the present inventors have found that the generation of carbides is suppressed when the Al content exceeds a predetermined amount. Specifically, the present inventors have found that the formation of carbide is suppressed by setting the Al content to 0.001 to 0.300%. If the Al content is less than 0.001%, the effect of suppressing the formation of carbides cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the Al content exceeds 0.300%, coarse inclusions are generated, which may cause deterioration of the ductility and toughness of the steel sheet.
- the Al content is preferably 0.003% or more, or 0.005% or more. Further, the Al content is preferably 0.250% or less, or 0.200% or less.
- N is an element effective for stabilizing austenite and improving the proof stress of the steel sheet.
- N has the same effect as C as an element for stabilizing austenite.
- N has no adverse effect such as deterioration of toughness due to grain boundary precipitation, and the effect of increasing the strength at extremely low temperatures is greater than that of C. Further, N has the effect of dispersing fine nitrides in the steel by coexisting with the nitride-forming elements. If the N content exceeds 1.000%, the toughness of the steel sheet may deteriorate significantly. Therefore, the N content is 1.000% or less.
- the N content is more preferably 0.300% or less, 0.100% or less, or 0.030% or less. Although a certain amount of N may be mixed as an impurity, the N content may be 0.003% or more for the purpose of increasing the strength.
- the N content is more preferably 0.005% or more, 0.007% or more, or 0.010% or more.
- O may be mixed in steel in a certain amount as an impurity, but has an effect of increasing toughness by refining crystal grains in HAZ.
- the O content exceeds 0.0100%, ductility and toughness in the HAZ may decrease on the contrary due to oxide coarsening and segregation to grain boundaries. Therefore, the O content is 0.0100% or less.
- the O content is more preferably 0.0070% or less, or 0.0050% or less.
- the O content may be 0.0001% or more, or 0.0010% or more.
- Mg, Ca, and REM are produced in large amounts in high-Mn steel, and suppress the production of MnS that significantly reduces the ductility and toughness of the steel sheet.
- the Mg content, the Ca content, and the REM content are each set to 0.0100% or less.
- the Mg content, Ca content and REM content are more preferably 0.0070% or less, or 0.0050% or less, respectively.
- the Mg content, Ca content, and REM content may each be 0.0001% or more.
- the Mg content, Ca content, and REM content may be 0.0010% or more, or 0.0020% or more, respectively.
- REM rare earth metal element
- the content of REM means the total content of these 17 elements.
- the total of the Mg content, Ca content and REM content may be 0.0001 to 0.0100%. preferable. That is, the content of at least one element in Mg, Ca, and REM is preferably 0.0001 to 0.0100%.
- the O content may be 0.0002% or more and 0.0050% or less.
- the total of Mg content, Ca content and REM content may be 0.0003% or more, 0.0005% or more, or 0.0010% or more, or 0.0050% or less, or 0.0040% or less. Good.
- the reason why the O content is 0.0001% or more and the total of Mg content, Ca content and REM content is 0.0001 to 0.0100% is that oxidation of Mg, Ca and / or REM in steel This is because a product is generated and the coarsening of crystal grains is prevented by the HAZ of the steel plate.
- the HAZ austenite crystal grain size obtained by the pinning effect of grain growth by the oxide is from several tens of ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m under standard welding conditions, and does not exceed 300 ⁇ m (however, the steel plate (mother Except when the grain size of the austenite of the material exceeds 300 ⁇ m).
- S forms an oxysulfide with O and Mg, Ca and / or REM, and is therefore an effective element for refining crystal grains. Therefore, when S is contained in the steel together with O and Mg, Ca and / or REM, the S content is 0.0001% in order to obtain the effect of increasing toughness by refining crystal grains in HAZ. The above is preferable. Further, when S is contained in the steel together with O and Mg, Ca and / or REM, the S content is preferably 0.0050% or less in order to obtain a more excellent ductility and toughness of the steel sheet.
- the S and O contents satisfy the relationship of O / S ⁇ 1.0.
- the effect of increasing toughness can be remarkably exhibited. Since sulfides are thermally unstable with respect to oxides, if the ratio of S in the precipitated particles increases, pinning particles that are stable at high temperatures may not be ensured. Therefore, when the O content is 0.0001 to 0.0100%, the total of the Mg content, Ca content and REM content is 0.0001 to 0.0100%, and S is contained in the steel,
- the content is preferably 0.0001 to 0.0050%, and the O content and the S content are preferably O / S ⁇ 1.0.
- the precipitation state of the oxysulfide in the steel becomes more preferable, and the effect of refining crystal grains can be remarkably exhibited.
- the average particle size of the austenite of the steel sheet is less than 150 ⁇ m due to the above effects, the average particle size of austenite in the HAZ can be made 150 ⁇ m or less under standard welding conditions.
- the upper limit of O / S is not particularly required, but may be 200.0 or less, 100.0 or less, or 10.0 or less.
- the balance other than the above components is composed of Fe and impurities.
- the impurities in the present embodiment are components that are mixed due to various factors in the manufacturing process, including raw materials such as ore and scrap, when the steel plate is industrially manufactured.
- the steel plate according to the present embodiment It means that it is allowed as long as it does not adversely affect the characteristics of
- the present inventors have found that the corrosion wear resistance due to a substance in which slurry such as gravel is mixed with salt water which is a corrosive environment can be improved by improving the corrosion resistance.
- the upper limit of a CIP value is not specifically limited, For example, it is good also as 65.0 or less, 50.0 or less, 40.0 or less, 30.0 or less, or 15.0 or less.
- the corrosion resistance and corrosion wear resistance of the steel sheet can be improved. However, when the CIP value is less than 3.2, the corrosion resistance and corrosion wear resistance of the steel sheet are not significantly improved.
- C, Si, Mn, P, S, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Mo, W, Al, and N are in mass%. The content of each element is shown. If the element is not included, 0 is substituted.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment is an austenite wear-resistant steel sheet using work-induced martensitic transformation and requires a predetermined amount of austenite structure.
- the volume fraction of austenite in the steel sheet is 40% or more and less than 95%. If necessary, the volume fraction of austenite may be 90% or less, 85% or less, or 80% or less.
- the volume fraction of austenite is set to 40% or more.
- the volume fraction of austenite is preferably 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, or 60% or more.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment is preferable because it can obtain desired hardness or strength more easily by containing a predetermined amount of ⁇ martensite and ⁇ ′ martensite.
- the total volume fraction of ⁇ martensite and ⁇ ′ martensite is preferably 5% or more, 10% or more, or 15% or more.
- the total volume fraction of ⁇ martensite and ⁇ ′ martensite is preferably 60% or less.
- the total volume fraction of ⁇ martensite and ⁇ ′ martensite is more preferably 55% or less, 50% or less, 45% or less, or 40% or less.
- the metal structure of the steel sheet according to this embodiment is preferably composed of austenite, ⁇ martensite, and ⁇ ′ martensite.
- iron-based carbonitrides such as cementite, carbonitrides of metal elements other than iron, oxysulfides such as Ti, Mg, Ca and REM, and other inclusions
- a measurement result suggesting the presence of a minute amount (for example, less than 1%) of precipitates and inclusions may be obtained.
- these are hardly observed, or even if observed, they are finely dispersed in each structure of austenite, ⁇ -martensite or ⁇ ′-martensite, or in the boundary of each structure. For this reason, these shall not be regarded as the metal structure of a so-called steel plate matrix.
- the volume fraction of austenite, ⁇ martensite and ⁇ ′ martensite is determined by the following method.
- a sample is cut out from the central portion of the steel plate thickness (1 / 2T depth from the steel plate surface (T is the plate thickness)).
- T is the plate thickness
- a surface parallel to the plate thickness direction and the rolling direction of the sample is used as an observation surface, and the observation surface is mirror-finished by buffing or the like, and then distortion is removed by electrolytic polishing or chemical polishing.
- the average integrated intensity of the (311) (200) (220) plane of austenite having a face-centered cubic structure (fcc structure) and a dense hexagonal lattice structure (hcp) The average value of the integrated intensity of the (010) (011) (012) plane of the ⁇ martensite of the structure) and the (220) (200) (211) plane of the ⁇ ′ martensite of the body-centered cubic structure (bcc structure)
- the volume fraction of austenite, ⁇ martensite and ⁇ ′ martensite is obtained from the average value of the integrated intensity.
- ⁇ ′ martensite has a body-centered tetragonal structure (bct structure), and the diffraction peak obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement is doubled due to the anisotropy of the crystal structure. May be a peak.
- the volume fraction of ⁇ ′ martensite is obtained from the total integrated intensity of each peak.
- the volume fraction of ⁇ ′ martensite is obtained from the average value of the integral intensities of the (220) (200) (211) planes of the body-centered cubic structure (bcc structure).
- the volume fraction of ⁇ ′ martensite is determined from the sum of the integrated intensities.
- the toughness of the steel sheet is basically improved by refining austenite while suppressing the formation of carbides.
- the steel sheet according to the present embodiment includes austenite having a volume fraction of 40% or more and less than 95%.
- the austenite in a steel plate is refined
- the average particle diameter of austenite in the steel sheet is set to 40 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size of austenite in the steel sheet is preferably 50 ⁇ m or more, 75 ⁇ m or more, or 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the average particle size of austenite in the steel sheet is set to 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of austenite in the steel sheet is preferably 250 ⁇ m or less or 200 ⁇ m or less.
- the upper and lower limits of the average particle size of the austenite are values that can be achieved by the hot rolling according to the present embodiment or the pinning effect by oxysulfide or the like.
- the average particle size of austenite in the HAZ can be reduced even when exposed to high temperatures by welding.
- FL melting
- SMAW Shielded Metal Arc Welding
- the average particle size of HAZ austenite in the vicinity can be maintained in the range of 40 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the mass ratio of O and S in the steel sheet is further set to O / S ⁇
- the average particle size of austenite in the HAZ near the FL after the welding can be maintained at 150 ⁇ m or less, or in the range of 40 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the toughness of the welded joint obtained by welding the steel plate according to this embodiment can be increased.
- highly efficient welding methods such as enlarging welding heat input, can be used.
- a method for measuring the average particle size of austenite in the present embodiment will be described.
- a sample is cut out from the plate thickness central portion of the steel plate (1 / 2T depth from the steel plate surface (T is the plate thickness)).
- a cross section parallel to the rolling direction and the plate thickness direction of the steel sheet is used as an observation surface, and is mirror-finished by alumina polishing or the like, and then corroded with a nital solution or a picral solution.
- the average grain size of austenite is obtained by magnifying and observing the metal structure of the observation surface after corrosion with an optical microscope or an electron microscope.
- a field of view of 1 mm ⁇ 1 mm or more is enlarged to a magnification of about 100 times, and annex C. of JIS Z0551: 2013 is used.
- the average section length per austenite crystal grain observed in the observation field is obtained by the cutting method using the straight test line of No. 2, and the average grain size of the austenite is obtained by setting this as the average grain size.
- the average particle diameter of the austenite after recrystallization is expressed by, for example, the following formula (1).
- D rex is the average grain size of austenite after recrystallization
- D 0 is the average grain size of austenite before recrystallization
- ⁇ is the plastic strain due to hot rolling
- p and q is a positive constant
- r is a negative constant.
- austenite having a predetermined crystal grain size can be obtained by performing plastic rolling at the maximum as much as possible and performing rolling a plurality of times.
- the initial grain size that is, the average grain size of austenite before recrystallization is 600 ⁇ m
- the average grain size of austenite after recrystallization is 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the plastic strain during hot rolling needs to be 0.056 or more.
- the plastic strain during hot rolling needs to be 0.25 or more.
- the plastic strain during hot rolling may be 2.1 or less.
- the plastic strain at the time of hot rolling calculated by the above formula (1) for obtaining austenite having a predetermined crystal grain size is a guideline, and in practice, grain growth of austenite after recrystallization. It is necessary to make fine adjustments in consideration of the effects of multi-pass rolling.
- the present inventors have confirmed that the steel sheet according to the present embodiment can be manufactured by the following manufacturing method based on the research up to now including the above.
- Melting / slab manufacturing process need not be particularly limited. That is, following the melting by a converter or an electric furnace, various secondary refining is performed to adjust the above-described chemical composition. Then, what is necessary is just to manufacture a slab by methods, such as normal continuous casting.
- the slab heating temperature is preferably more than 1250 ° C to 1300 ° C.
- the steel sheet surface may be oxidized to reduce the yield, and austenite may be coarsened and may not be easily refined even by hot rolling after slab heating. Therefore, slab heating temperature shall be 1300 degrees C or less.
- the cumulative rolling reduction in the temperature range of 900 to 1000 ° C. is 10 to 85%. As a result, it has been confirmed that the average particle size of austenite can be made 40 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the cumulative rolling reduction in the temperature range of 900 to 1000 ° C. is less than 10 to 30%, and the steel sheet according to this embodiment is manufactured by satisfying the conditions described later. It has been confirmed that it can be done.
- the rolling finishing temperature is also important to control the finishing temperature during hot rolling (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the rolling finishing temperature). If the rolling finish temperature is less than 900 ° C., austenite may not be completely recrystallized, or even if austenite is recrystallized, it may be excessively refined and the average particle size may be less than 40 ⁇ m. If austenite is not completely recrystallized, many dislocations and deformation twins are introduced into the metal structure, and a large amount of carbide may be formed in the subsequent cooling. When a large amount of carbide is generated in steel, the ductility and toughness of the steel sheet are lowered. The above-mentioned problems can be prevented by setting the rolling finishing temperature to 900 ° C. or higher. Therefore, in this embodiment, the rolling finishing temperature is set to 900 ° C. or higher.
- accelerated cooling is performed except when the heat treatment described later is performed.
- the purpose of accelerated cooling is to suppress the formation of carbides after hot rolling and increase the ductility and toughness of the steel sheet.
- the average cooling rate during accelerated cooling is 1 ° C / s or higher. This is because if the average cooling rate during accelerated cooling is less than 1 ° C./s, the effect of accelerated cooling (the effect of suppressing the formation of carbides) may not be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, if the cooling rate during accelerated cooling exceeds 200 ° C./s, a large amount of ⁇ martensite and ⁇ ′ martensite may be generated, and the toughness and ductility of the steel sheet may be reduced. Therefore, the average cooling rate during accelerated cooling is set to 200 ° C./s or less.
- Accelerated cooling after hot rolling starts as high as possible. Since the temperature at which the carbide actually starts to precipitate is less than 850 ° C., the cooling start temperature is set to 850 ° C. or higher. The cooling end temperature is 550 ° C. or lower. Accelerated cooling has not only the effect of suppressing the formation of carbides as described above, but also the effect of suppressing austenite grain growth. Therefore, also from the viewpoint of suppressing the grain growth of austenite, the above-described hot rolling and accelerated cooling are performed in combination.
- the solution treatment includes, for example, reheating the steel sheet to a temperature of 1100 ° C. or higher, performing accelerated cooling at an average cooling rate of 1 to 200 ° C./s from a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher, and a temperature of 500 ° C. or lower. Allow to cool.
- the plate thickness of the steel plate according to this embodiment is not particularly limited, but may be 3 to 100 mm. If necessary, the plate thickness may be 6 mm or more, or 12 mm or more, and may be 75 mm or less, or 50 mm or less. Although it is not necessary to prescribe
- the elongation (EL) may be 20% or more.
- the tensile strength 1020n / mm 2 or more, or 1050 N / mm may be 2 or more, 2000N / mm 2 or less, or 1700 N / mm 2 may be less.
- the absorbed energy at ⁇ 40 ° C. according to JIS Z 2242: 2005 may be 100 J or more or 200 J or more.
- the austenitic wear-resistant steel sheet according to the present embodiment is a rail crossing, a caterpillar liner, an impeller blade, a crusher blade, a rock hammer, and other small members and construction machines, industrial machinery, civil engineering, and columns that require wear resistance in the construction field, It can be suitably used for large members such as steel pipes and outer plates.
- Example 7 in Table 2-1 and Comparative Example 41 in Table 2-2 were air-cooled after hot rolling and subjected to heat treatment (solution treatment) under the conditions shown in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2.
- Volume fraction of austenite, ⁇ martensite and ⁇ 'martensite Cut out three samples from the plate thickness center of the steel plate (1 / 2T depth (T is the plate thickness) from the steel plate surface), and use the plane parallel to the plate thickness direction and rolling direction of the sample as the observation surface. After finishing to a mirror surface by buffing or the like, distortion was removed by electrolytic polishing or chemical polishing. Using the X-ray diffractometer (XRD: RINT2500, manufactured by Rigaku Corporation), the average value of the integrated intensity of the (311) (200) (220) plane of austenite having a face-centered cubic structure (fcc structure) with respect to the observation surface.
- XRD X-ray diffractometer
- volume fraction of austenite was 40% or more and less than 95%, it was determined to be acceptable as being within the scope of the present invention. The case where the volume fraction of austenite was less than 40% and 95% or more was determined to be unacceptable as being outside the scope of the present invention.
- Average particle size of austenite Cut out three samples from the plate thickness center of the steel plate (1 / 2T depth (T is the plate thickness) from the steel plate surface), and use the cross section parallel to the rolling direction and the plate thickness direction of the steel plate as the observation surface. After being mirrored, it was corroded with a nital solution. In the observation surface, a field of view of 1 mm ⁇ 1 mm or more is enlarged to a magnification of about 100 times, and Annex C. JIS Z0551: 2013 is attached. The average section length per crystal grain of austenite observed in the observation field was determined by the cutting method using the straight test line of 2, and this was used as the average grain size.
- HAZ austenite was determined by the same method as above for HAZ near the FL (melting line) at the center of the plate thickness. The particle size was measured.
- the tensile test piece having a thickness of 20 mm or less was designated as JIS Z 2241: 2011 No. 13B
- the tensile test piece having a thickness of more than 20 mm was designated as JIS Z 2241: 2011 No. 4.
- Abrasion resistance Scratching abrasion test (peripheral speed 3.7 m / sec, 50 hours) using a mixture of silica (JIS G5901: No. 5 of 2016) and water (mixing ratio of silica sand 2: water 1) as a wear material
- the weight loss of wear was evaluated based on plain steel (SS400 of JIS G3101: 2015).
- the wear amount ratio of ordinary steel in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 was obtained by dividing the wear loss of each steel by the wear loss of ordinary steel. However, when the plate thickness was more than 15 mm, a test piece reduced to a plate thickness of 15 mm was used.
- Corrosion wear For evaluation of corrosive wear, a scratching wear test (peripheral speed 3.7 m / sec) using a mixture of silica sand (average particle size 12 ⁇ m) and seawater (mixing ratio 30% silica sand, 70% seawater) as a wear material. , 100 hours) was evaluated based on plain steel (SS400 of JIS G3101: 2015).
- the ratio of corrosion wear of ordinary steel in Table 2-1 and Table 2-2 was determined by dividing the corrosion wear loss of each steel by the corrosion wear loss of ordinary steel. However, when the plate thickness was more than 15 mm, a test piece reduced to a plate thickness of 15 mm was used.
- the target value of the corrosion wear ratio of normal steel to 0.80 or less was set to 0.80 or less.
- Toughness The toughness of the steel plate (base material) is JIS, in which a test piece is taken in parallel with the rolling direction from a position of 1 / 4T (T is the plate thickness) of the steel plate, and a notch is provided in the direction in which cracks propagate in the width direction.
- T the plate thickness
- J the absorbed energy at ⁇ 40 ° C.
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Abstract
Description
[1] 本発明の一態様に係るオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板は、化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.2~1.6%、
Si:0.01~2.00%、
Mn:2.5~30.0%、
P:0.050%以下、
S:0.0100%以下、
Cu:0~3.0%、
Ni:0~3.0%、
Co:0~3.0%、
Cr:0~5.0%、
Mo:0~2.0%、
W:0~2.0%、
Nb:0~0.30%、
V:0~0.30%、
Ti:0~0.30%、
Zr:0~0.30%、
Ta:0~0.30%、
B:0~0.300%、
Al:0.001~0.300%、
N:0~1.000%、
O:0~0.0100%、
Mg:0~0.0100%、
Ca:0~0.0100%、
REM:0~0.0100%、
残部:Feおよび不純物であり、
前記Cおよび前記Mnの質量%での含有量をそれぞれC、およびMnと表したとき、-13.75×C+16.5≦Mn≦-20×C+30を満たし、
金属組織が、体積分率で、
オーステナイト:40%以上、95%未満であり、
前記オーステナイトの平均粒径が40~300μmである。
[2] 上記[1]に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板では、化学組成が、下記式を満たしてもよい。
-C+0.8×Si-0.2×Mn-90×(P+S)+1.5×(Cu+Ni+Co)+3.3×Cr+9×Mo+4.5×W+0.8×Al+6×N+1.5≧3.2
前記式中の各元素記号はそれぞれの元素の質量%での含有量を示す。
[3] 上記[1]または[2]に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板では、前記金属組織が、体積分率で、
εマルテンサイト:0~60%、
α’マルテンサイト:0~60%、
前記εマルテンサイトおよび前記α’マルテンサイトの合計:5~60%であってもよい。
[4] 上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1項に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板では、前記化学組成が、質量%で、
O:0.0001~0.0100%、
Mg含有量、Ca含有量およびREM含有量の合計:0.0001~0.0100%であってもよい。
[5] 上記[4]に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板では、前記化学組成が、質量%で、
S:0.0001~0.0050%であり、
OおよびSの質量%での含有量がO/S≧1.0を満たしてもよい。
[6] 上記[1]~[5]のいずれか1項に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板では、前記化学組成が、CおよびMnの質量%での含有量をそれぞれC、及びMnと表したとき、
-6.5×C+16.5≦Mn≦-20×C+30を満たしてもよい。
[7] 上記[1]~[6]のいずれか1項に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板では、前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Cu:0~0.2%
であってもよい。
まず、本実施形態に係るオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板に含まれる各成分の限定理由について説明する。なお、元素の含有量に関する「%」は、特に断りがない限り、「質量%」を意味する。
Cは、オーステナイトを安定化し、耐摩耗性を改善する。鋼板の耐摩耗性の改善のためには、C含有量は0.2%以上であることが必要である。特に高い耐摩耗性が必要な場合には、C含有量は0.3%以上、0.5%以上、0.6%以上又は0.7%以上であることが好ましい。一方、C含有量が1.6%を超えると、鋼中に炭化物が粗大かつ多量に生成することで、鋼板において高い靱性を得ることができない。よって、C含有量は1.6%以下とする。C含有量は、1.4%以下、又は1.2%以下とすることがより好ましい。一層の靱性向上のため、C含有量は1.0%以下、又は0.8%以下でもよい。
Siは、通常、脱酸元素であり、固溶強化元素でもあるが、CrやFeの炭化物の生成を抑制する効果がある。本発明者らは、炭化物の生成を抑制する元素を種々検討し、Siを所定量含有させることで、炭化物の生成が抑制されることを見出した。具体的には、本発明者らは、Si含有量を0.01~2.00%とすることで、炭化物の生成が抑制されることを見出した。0.01%未満のSi含有量では、炭化物の生成を抑制する効果が得られない。一方、2.00%超のSi含有量では、鋼中に粗大な介在物を発生させ、鋼板の延性および靱性の劣化を引き起こす場合がある。Si含有量は0.10%以上、又は0.30%以上とすることが好ましい。また、Si含有量は1.50%以下、又は1.00%以下とすることが好ましい。
Mnは、Cとともにオーステナイトを安定化させる元素である。Mn含有量は、2.5~30.0%とする。オーステナイト安定化の向上のため、Mn含有量は、5.0%以上、10.0%以上、12.0%以上、又は15.0%以上とすることが好ましい。Mn含有量は、25.0%以下、20.0%以下、又は18.0%以下とすることが好ましい。
Pは粒界に偏析し、鋼板の延性や靭性を低下させるので、可能な限り低減することが好ましい。そのため、P含有量を0.050%以下とする。P含有量は、0.030%以下、又は0.020%以下とすることが好ましい。Pは一般に溶鋼製造時にスクラップ等から不純物として混入するが、その下限を特に制限する必要はなく、その下限は0%である。ただし、P含有量を過剰に低減すると、製造コストが上昇する場合がある。そのため、P含有量の下限を0.001%以上、又は0.002%以上としてもよい。
Sは、不純物であり、過剰に含有させると粒界に偏析し、又は粗大なMnSを生成し、鋼板の延性や靭性を低下させる。そのため、S含有量を0.0100%以下とする。S含有量は0.0060%以下、0.0040%以下、又は0.0020%以下とすることが好ましい。S含有量の下限は0%である。後述するようにSは、O、並びにMg、Caおよび/またはREM(希土類金属:Rare-Earth Metal)と鋼中で微細な酸硫化物を生成させることで、オーステナイトの結晶粒の成長を抑制し、鋼板の靭性、特に溶接熱影響部(HAZ:Heat-Affected Zone)の靭性を向上させる効果がある。上記効果を得るために、S含有量を0.0001%以上、0.0005%以上、又は0.0010%以上としてもよい。なお、本実施形態において、「酸硫化物」とは、OおよびSの両方を含有する化合物だけでなく、酸化物および硫化物をも包含するものである。
Cu、NiおよびCoは、鋼板の靭性を向上させ、且つオーステナイトを安定化させる。しかし、Cu、Ni、Coのうち1種でもその含有量が3.0%を超えると、鋼板の靭性を向上させる効果が飽和し、コストも増加する。そのため、これらの元素を含有させる場合は、各元素の含有量をそれぞれ、3.0%以下とする。Cu含有量、Ni含有量、およびCo含有量はそれぞれ、2.0%以下、1.0%以下、0.5%以下、又は0.3%以下とすることが好ましい。特に、Cu含有量については、0.2%以下とすることがより好ましい。オーステナイト安定化のため、Cu含有量は、0.02%以上、0.05%以上、又は0.1%以上としてもよく、Ni含有量およびCo含有量はそれぞれ、0.02%以上、0.05%以上、0.1%以上、又は0.2%以上としてもよい。
Crは、鋼の加工硬化特性を向上させる。Cr含有量が5.0%を超えると、粒界炭化物の析出を促進させ、鋼板の靭性を低下させる。そのため、Cr含有量は5.0%以下とする。Cr含有量は2.5%以下、又は1.5%以下とすることが好ましい。加工硬化特性の向上のため、Cr含有量は0.05%以上、又は0.1%以上としてもよい。
MoとWは、鋼を強化し、オーステナイト相におけるCの活量を低下させ、オーステナイト粒界に析出するCrやFeの炭化物の析出を抑制し、鋼板の靭性や延性を改善する。ただし、過剰に含有させても上記効果は飽和する一方、コストが増加する。このため、Mo含有量およびW含有量はそれぞれ2.0%以下とする。好ましくは、Mo含有量およびW含有量はそれぞれ1.0%以下、0.5%以下、又は0.1%以下とする。上記効果を確実に得るために、Mo含有量およびW含有量はそれぞれ、0.01%以上、0.05%以上、又は0.1%以上としてもよい。
Nb、V、Ti、ZrおよびTaは、鋼中で炭窒化物などの析出物を生成させる。これらの析出物は、鋼の凝固時に結晶粒の粗大化を抑制することで、鋼の靭性を向上させる。また、上記元素は、オーステナイト中のCやNの活量を低下させ、セメンタイトやグラファイトなどの炭化物の生成を抑制する。さらに、上記元素は、固溶強化や析出強化によって鋼を強化させる。
Bは、オーステナイト粒界に偏析することで粒界破壊を抑制し、鋼板の耐力や延性を向上させる。しかし、B含有量が0.300%を超えると、鋼板の靱性が劣化する場合がある。よって、B含有量は0.300%以下とする。B含有量は0.250%以下とすることが好ましい。粒界破壊を抑制するため、B含有量を0.0002%以上、又は0.001%以上としてもよい。
Alは、脱酸元素であり、固溶強化元素であるが、Siと同様に、CrやFe炭化物の生成を抑制する。本発明者らは、炭化物の生成を抑制する元素を種々検討した結果、Al含有量が所定量以上となると、炭化物の生成が抑制されることを見出した。具体的には、本発明者らは、Al含有量を0.001~0.300%とすることで、炭化物の生成が抑制されることを見出した。0.001%未満のAl含有量では、炭化物の生成を抑制する効果が得られない。一方、0.300%超のAl含有量では、粗大な介在物を発生させ、鋼板の延性および靱性の劣化を引き起こす場合がある。Al含有量は0.003%以上、又は0.005%以上とすることが好ましい。また、Al含有量は0.250%以下、又は0.200%以下とすることが好ましい。
Nは、オーステナイトの安定化及び鋼板の耐力向上に有効な元素である。Nは、オーステナイト安定化の元素として、Cと同等の効果を有する。Nは、粒界析出による靱性劣化などの悪影響を及ぼさず、極低温での強度を上昇させる効果がCよりも大きい。また、Nは、窒化物形成元素と共存することによって、鋼中に微細な窒化物を分散させるという効果を有する。N含有量が1.000%を超えると、鋼板の靱性が著しく劣化する場合がある。そのため、N含有量は1.000%以下とする。N含有量は0.300%以下、0.100%以下、又は0.030%以下とすることがより好ましい。Nは不純物として一定量混入する場合もあるが、上記の高強度化等のため、N含有量を0.003%以上としてもよい。N含有量は、0.005%以上、0.007%以上、又は0.010%以上とすることがより好ましい。
Oは不純物として鋼中に一定量混入する場合があるが、HAZにおける結晶粒の微細化による高靭性化の効果を有する。一方、O含有量が0.0100%を超えると、酸化物の粗大化や粒界への偏析により、HAZにおける延性や靭性が却って低下する場合がある。そのため、O含有量は0.0100%以下とする。O含有量は、0.0070%以下、又は0.0050%以下とすることがより好ましい。高靱性化のため、O含有量を0.0001%以上、又は0.0010%以上としてもよい。
Mg、CaおよびREMは、高Mn鋼で多量に生成し、鋼板の延性や靭性を著しく低下させるMnSの生成を抑制する。一方、これら元素の含有量が過剰になると、鋼中に粗大な介在物を多量に発生させ、鋼板の延性および靱性の劣化を引き起こす。そのため、Mg含有量、Ca含有量およびREM含有量はそれぞれ0.0100%以下とする。Mg含有量、Ca含有量およびREM含有量はそれぞれ、0.0070%以下、又は0.0050%以下とすることがより好ましい。MnSの生成抑制のため、Mg含有量、Ca含有量およびREM含有量はそれぞれ、0.0001%以上としてもよい。Mg含有量、Ca含有量およびREM含有量はそれぞれ、0.0010%以上、又は0.0020%以上としてもよい。
なお、REM(希土類金属元素)は、Sc、Y及びランタノイドからなる合計17元素を意味する。REMの含有量とは、これらの17元素の含有量の合計を意味する。
後述の理由により、O含有量を0.0001~0.0100%とすることに加えて、Mg含有量、Ca含有量およびREM含有量の合計を0.0001~0.0100%とすることが好ましい。つまり、Mg、CaおよびREMの中の少なくとも1種の元素の含有量を0.0001~0.0100%とすることが好ましい。この際、O含有量を0.0002%以上とし、0.0050%以下としてもよい。Mg含有量、Ca含有量およびREM含有量の合計を0.0003%以上、0.0005%以上、又は0.0010%以上としてもよく、0.0050%以下、又は0.0040%以下としてもよい。
Sは、O、並びにMg、Caおよび/またはREMと酸硫化物を生成させるため、結晶粒の微細化に有効な元素である。したがって、鋼中にO、並びにMg、Caおよび/またはREMと共にSを含有させる場合には、HAZにおける結晶粒の微細化による高靭性化の効果を得るために、S含有量は0.0001%以上とすることが好ましい。また、鋼中にO、並びにMg、Caおよび/またはREMと共にSを含有させる場合、より優れた鋼板の延性や靭性を得るためにS含有量は0.0050%以下とすることが好ましい。
本発明者らは、-C+0.8×Si-0.2×Mn-90×(P+S)+1.5×(Cu+Ni+Co)+3.3×Cr+9×Mo+4.5×W+0.8×Al+6×N+1.5で表されるCIP値が3.2以上であると、鋼板の耐食性を向上できるという知見を得た。また、本発明者らは、耐食性の向上により腐食環境である塩水に砂礫などのスラリーが混ざった物質などによる腐食摩耗性も向上できるという知見を得た。CIP値の上限は特に限定しないが、例えば、65.0以下、50.0以下、40.0以下、30.0以下または15.0以下としてもよい。
なお、前記式中の前記C、前記Si、前記Mn、前記P、前記S、前記Cu、前記Ni、前記Co、前記Cr、前記Mo、前記W、前記Alおよび前記Nは、質量%でのそれぞれ元素の含有量を示す。当該元素を含まない場合は、0を代入する。
本実施形態に係る鋼板は加工誘起マルテンサイト変態を利用したオーステイト系耐摩耗鋼板であり、所定量のオーステナイト組織が必要である。本実施形態に係る鋼板は、鋼板中のオーステナイトの体積分率を40%以上且つ95%未満とする。必要に応じて、オーステナイトの体積分率を、90%以下、85%以下、又は80%以下としてもよい。また、鋼板の耐摩耗性を確保するため、オーステナイトの体積分率を40%以上とする。オーステナイトの体積分率を、45%以上、50%以上、55%以上又は60%以上とすることが好ましい。
本実施形態に係る鋼板は、所定量のεマルテンサイト及びα’マルテンサイトを含有することで、より容易に所望の硬度または強度を得ることができるので好ましい。εマルテンサイト及びα’マルテンサイトの体積分率を合計で、5%以上、10%以上、又は15%以上とすることが好ましい。また、鋼板の延性及び靱性を得るためにεマルテンサイト及びα’マルテンサイトの体積分率の合計を60%以下とすることが好ましい。また、εマルテンサイトおよびα’マルテンサイトの体積分率は合計で55%以下、50%以下、45%以下、40%以下とすることがより好ましい。
上記観察面に対して、X線回折装置を用いて、面心立方構造(fcc構造)のオーステナイトの(311)(200)(220)面の積分強度の平均値と、稠密六方格子構造(hcp構造)のεマルテンサイトの(010)(011)(012)面の積分強度の平均値と、体心立方構造(bcc構造)のα’マルテンサイトの(220)(200)(211)面の積分強度の平均値とから、オーステナイト、εマルテンサイトおよびα’マルテンサイトの体積分率を得る。
C含有量が0.5%未満の場合、α’マルテンサイトの体心正方格子のa/c比は1に近いため、α’マルテンサイトの体心立方構造(bcc構造)と体心正方構造(bct構造)とのX線回析のピークはほとんど分離できない。このため、体心立方構造(bcc構造)の(220)(200)(211)面の積分強度の平均値から、α’マルテンサイトの体積分率を得る。C含有量が0.5%未満であっても前記ピークを分離できる場合、それぞれの積分強度の合計から、α’マルテンサイトの体積分率を求める。
まず、高Cおよび高Mnのオーステナイト鋼の靭性の低下メカニズムについて説明する。本実施形態に係る鋼板では、C含有量及びMn含有量が高いために、オーステナイト粒界のみならず、粒内にも多数の鉄炭化物が生成する。これらの炭化物は、鉄母相と比較して硬質であるので、外力を受けた際に炭化物周囲の応力集中を高める。これにより、炭化物間あるいは炭化物周囲に亀裂が生じて、破壊を引き起こす原因となる。外力を受けた際、鋼を破壊に至らしめる応力集中は、オーステナイトの結晶粒径が小さいほど低下する。しかし、過剰な微細化はオーステナイト粒界に生成する炭化物の核生成サイトを増加させ、炭窒化物の析出量を増加させてしまう欠点がある。粒界の炭化物は非常に硬く、析出量が増加すると鋼の靱性や延性が低下する。本発明者らは、結晶粒径の最適化により、鋼板の靭性や延性を向上できることを見出した。
溶製およびスラブ製造工程は、特に限定する必要はない。すなわち、転炉または電気炉などによる溶製に引き続き、各種の2次精錬を行って上述した化学組成となるように調整する。次いで、通常の連続鋳造などの方法によりスラブを製造すればよい。
上述の方法で製造されたスラブは、加熱された後、熱間圧延に供される。スラブ加熱温度は1250℃超~1300℃が好ましい。スラブを1300℃超に加熱すると、鋼板表面が酸化することによって歩留まりが低下する場合、及び、オーステナイトが粗大化し、スラブ加熱後の熱間圧延によっても容易に微細化できない場合がある。そのため、スラブ加熱温度を1300℃以下とする。
900~1000℃の温度範囲における累積圧下率は10~85%とする。これにより、オーステナイトの平均粒径を40~300μmにできることが確認されている。
上記の加速冷却を行わない場合、例えば、熱間圧延後に空冷によって冷却した場合には、析出した炭化物の分解のために、熱間圧延後の鋼板に熱処理を施す必要がある。このような熱処理としては溶体化処理を挙げることができる。本実施形態において、溶体化処理は、例えば、鋼板を1100℃以上の温度に再加熱し、1000℃以上の温度から平均冷却速度1~200℃/sの加速冷却を行い、500℃以下の温度まで冷却する。
なお、表2-1および表2-2の各特性値の具体的な評価方法及び合否基準は、以下の通りである。
鋼板の板厚中央部(鋼板表面から1/2T深さ(Tは板厚))から試料を3個切り出し、それら試料の板厚方向及び圧延方向に平行な面を観察面とし、観察面をバフ研磨等により鏡面に仕上げた後、電解研磨や化学研磨によって歪みを除去した。
上記観察面に対して、X線回折装置(XRD:リガク社製RINT2500)を用いて、面心立方構造(fcc構造)のオーステナイトの(311)(200)(220)面の積分強度の平均値と、稠密六方格子構造(hcp構造)のεマルテンサイトの(010)(011)(012)面の積分強度の平均値と、体心立方構造(bcc構造)のα’マルテンサイトの(220)(200)(211)面の積分強度の平均値とから、オーステナイト、εマルテンサイトおよびα’マルテンサイトの体積分率を得た。
鋼板の板厚中央部(鋼板表面から1/2T深さ(Tは板厚))から試料を3個切り出し、鋼板の圧延方向及び板厚方向に平行な断面を観察面とし、アルミナ研磨等により鏡面とした後、ナイタール溶液で腐食した。前記観察面において、1mm×1mm以上の視野を倍率100倍程度に拡大し、JIS Z0551:2013の附属書C.2の直線試験線による切断方法により、観察視野中に観察されるオーステナイトの結晶粒1個当たりの平均切片長さを求め、これを平均粒径とした。
加えて、溶接入熱量を約1.7kJ/mmとしたSMAW(被覆アーク溶接)で、板厚中央部でのFL(溶融線)近傍のHAZについて、上記と同様の方法によりHAZのオーステナイトの平均粒径を測定した。
鋼板の幅方向と、試験片の長さ方向とが平行になるように採取した引張試験片を用いて、JIS Z 2241:2011に準拠して評価した。ただし、板厚20mm以下の引張試験片はJIS Z 2241:2011の13B号とし、板厚20mm超の引張試験片はJIS Z 2241:2011の4号とした。
摩耗材としてけい砂(JIS G5901:2016の5号)と水の混合物(混合比はけい砂2:水1)を用いた場合のスクラッチング摩耗試験(周速度3.7m/sec、50時間)の摩耗減量を、普通鋼(JIS G3101:2015のSS400)を基準として評価した。表2-1及び表2-2の対普通鋼の摩耗量比率は、各鋼の摩耗減量を普通鋼の摩耗減量で除して求めた。ただし、板厚が15mm超の場合、板厚15mmに減厚した試験片を用いた。
腐食摩耗性の評価には摩耗材としてけい砂(平均粒径12μm)と海水の混合物(混合比はけい砂30%、海水70%)を用いたスクラッチング摩耗試験(周速度3.7m/sec、100時間)の摩耗減量を、普通鋼(JIS G3101:2015のSS400)を基準として評価した。表2-1及び表2-2の対普通鋼の腐食摩耗量比率は、各鋼の腐食摩耗減量を普通鋼の腐食摩耗減量で除して求めた。ただし、板厚が15mm超の場合、板厚15mmに減厚した試験片を用いた。
本発明の好ましい実施形態における、対普通鋼の腐食摩耗量比率の目標値は0.80以下とした。
鋼板(母材)の靭性は、鋼板の1/4T(Tは板厚)の位置から圧延方向と平行に試験片を採取し、幅方向に亀裂が伝播するような方向にノッチを入れたJIS Z 2242:2005のVノッチ試験片を用いて、JIS Z 2242:2005に準拠して、-40℃での吸収エネルギー(vE-40℃(J))を評価した。
加えて、溶接入熱量を約1.7kJ/mm(ただし、板厚6mmは0.6kJ/mm、板厚12mmは1.2kJ/mmとした。)としたSMAW(被覆アーク溶接)で、板厚中央部でのFL(溶融線)近傍のHAZがノッチ位置となるシャルピー試験片を用いて、上記と同様の条件により-40℃での吸収エネルギー(vE-40℃(J))を評価した。
Claims (7)
- 化学組成が、質量%で、
C:0.2~1.6%、
Si:0.01~2.00%、
Mn:2.5~30.0%、
P:0.050%以下、
S:0.0100%以下、
Cu:0~3.0%、
Ni:0~3.0%、
Co:0~3.0%、
Cr:0~5.0%、
Mo:0~2.0%、
W:0~2.0%、
Nb:0~0.30%、
V:0~0.30%、
Ti:0~0.30%、
Zr:0~0.30%、
Ta:0~0.30%、
B:0~0.300%、
Al:0.001~0.300%、
N:0~1.000%、
O:0~0.0100%、
Mg:0~0.0100%、
Ca:0~0.0100%、
REM:0~0.0100%、
残部:Feおよび不純物であり、
CおよびMnの質量%での含有量をそれぞれC、およびMnと表したとき、-13.75×C+16.5≦Mn≦-20×C+30を満たし、
金属組織が、体積分率で、
オーステナイト:40%以上、95%未満であり、
前記オーステナイトの平均粒径が40~300μmであることを特徴とする、オーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、下記式満たすことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板。
-C+0.8×Si-0.2×Mn-90×(P+S)+1.5×(Cu+Ni+Co)+3.3×Cr+9×Mo+4.5×W+0.8×Al+6×N+1.5≧3.2
前記式中の各元素記号はそれぞれの元素の質量%での含有量を示す。 - 前記金属組織が、体積分率で、
εマルテンサイト:0~60%、
α’マルテンサイト:0~60%、
前記εマルテンサイトおよび前記α’マルテンサイトの合計:5~60%
であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
O:0.0001~0.0100%、
Mg含有量、Ca含有量およびREM含有量の合計:0.0001~0.0100%
であることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
S:0.0001~0.0050%であり、
OおよびSの質量%での含有量がO/S≧1.0を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項4に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、CおよびMnの質量%での含有量をそれぞれC、及びMnと表したとき、
-6.5×C+16.5≦Mn≦-20×C+30を満たすことを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板。 - 前記化学組成が、質量%で、
Cu:0~0.2%
であることを特徴とする、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のオーステナイト系耐摩耗鋼板。
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