WO2019181136A1 - 表面被覆切削工具及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
表面被覆切削工具及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019181136A1 WO2019181136A1 PCT/JP2018/048020 JP2018048020W WO2019181136A1 WO 2019181136 A1 WO2019181136 A1 WO 2019181136A1 JP 2018048020 W JP2018048020 W JP 2018048020W WO 2019181136 A1 WO2019181136 A1 WO 2019181136A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
- C23C16/342—Boron nitride
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B51/00—Tools for drilling machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D77/00—Reaming tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F21/00—Tools specially adapted for use in machines for manufacturing gear teeth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
- B23G5/00—Thread-cutting tools; Die-heads
- B23G5/02—Thread-cutting tools; Die-heads without means for adjustment
- B23G5/06—Taps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/36—Carbonitrides
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/38—Borides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45512—Premixing before introduction in the reaction chamber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45559—Diffusion of reactive gas to substrate
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/455—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber
- C23C16/45563—Gas nozzles
- C23C16/45578—Elongated nozzles, tubes with holes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/042—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
- C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12007—Component of composite having metal continuous phase interengaged with nonmetal continuous phase
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a surface-coated cutting tool and a manufacturing method thereof.
- the present application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-054716, which is a Japanese patent application filed on March 22, 2018. All the descriptions described in the Japanese patent application are incorporated herein by reference.
- a film made of a compound of aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and nitrogen (N) (hereinafter also referred to as “AlTiN”) can have high hardness and increase the content ratio of Al.
- AlTiN a film made of a compound of aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), and nitrogen (N)
- the oxidation resistance can be improved (for example, JP-T-2015-509858 (Patent Document 1), JP-T-2017-508632 (Patent Document 2), JP-A-2016-130343 (Patent Document 3). )).
- the surface-coated cutting tool according to the present disclosure is: A surface-coated cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating for coating the substrate,
- the coating includes a hard coating layer composed of a domain region and a matrix region,
- the domain region is a region that is divided into a plurality of parts in the matrix region and exists in a dispersed state,
- the domain region is composed of at least one first AlTi compound selected from the group consisting of Al x1 Ti (1-x1) N, Al x1 Ti (1-x1) BN, and Al x1 Ti (1-x1) CN.
- the matrix region is made of at least one third AlTi compound selected from the group consisting of Al x3 Ti (1-x3) N, Al x3 Ti (1-x3) BN, and Al x3Ti (1-x3) CN.
- the fourth layer has a structure laminated with each other,
- the first AlTi compound has a hexagonal crystal structure, and the second AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure;
- the third AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure, and the fourth AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure;
- x1 is 0.9 or more and 0.95 or less,
- x2 is 0.5 or more and 0.6 or less,
- x3 is 0.75 or more and 0.85 or less
- x4 is 0.5 or more and 0.6 or less.
- a method of manufacturing a surface-coated cutting tool according to the present disclosure is as follows.
- a method for producing the surface-coated cutting tool according to (1) above Preparing the substrate; A first gas containing an aluminum halide gas and a titanium halide gas, an aluminum halide gas, a second gas containing a titanium halide gas and an ammonia gas, and a third gas containing an ammonia gas, respectively.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hard coating layer constituting the coating of the surface-coated cutting tool according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary enlarged photograph of region a.
- FIG. 3 is an exemplary enlarged photograph of region b.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a CVD apparatus used for manufacturing the surface-coated cutting tool according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas inlet tube of a CVD apparatus used for manufacturing the surface-coated cutting tool according to the present embodiment.
- the present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a surface-coated cutting tool having excellent fracture resistance and wear resistance. [Effects of the present disclosure] According to the above, it is possible to provide a surface-coated cutting tool having excellent fracture resistance and wear resistance.
- a surface-coated cutting tool includes: A surface-coated cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating for coating the substrate, The coating includes a hard coating layer composed of a domain region and a matrix region, The domain region is a region that is divided into a plurality of parts in the matrix region and exists in a dispersed state, The domain region is composed of at least one first AlTi compound selected from the group consisting of Al x1 Ti (1-x1) N, Al x1 Ti (1-x1) BN, and Al x1 Ti (1-x1) CN.
- the matrix region is made of at least one third AlTi compound selected from the group consisting of Al x3 Ti (1-x3) N, Al x3 Ti (1-x3) BN, and Al x3Ti (1-x3) CN.
- the fourth layer has a structure laminated with each other,
- the first AlTi compound has a hexagonal crystal structure, and the second AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure;
- the third AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure, and the fourth AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure;
- X1 is 0.9 or more and 0.95 or less,
- X2 is 0.5 or more and 0.6 or less,
- X3 is 0.75 or more and 0.85 or less
- Said x4 is 0.5 or more and 0.6 or less.
- the surface-coated cutting tool can have excellent chipping resistance and wear resistance by having the above-described configuration.
- the domain region includes a twin portion. By defining in this way, a surface-coated cutting tool having excellent chipping resistance is obtained.
- the total thickness of the first layer and the second layer is 2 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- the total thickness of the third layer and the fourth layer is not less than 1.5 nm and not more than 30 nm.
- a method of manufacturing a surface-coated cutting tool is a method of manufacturing the surface-coated cutting tool, Preparing the substrate; A first gas containing an aluminum halide gas and a titanium halide gas, an aluminum halide gas, a second gas containing a titanium halide gas and an ammonia gas, and a third gas containing an ammonia gas, respectively. And jetting the substrate in an atmosphere of 650 ° C. to 900 ° C. and 0.5 kPa to 5 kPa.
- the method for producing a surface-coated cutting tool can produce a surface-coated cutting tool having excellent fracture resistance and wear resistance by providing the above-described configuration.
- the present embodiment is not limited to this.
- the same reference numerals represent the same or corresponding parts.
- the notation in the form of “A to B” means the upper and lower limits of the range (that is, not less than A and not more than B), and there is no unit description in A, and the unit is described only in B.
- the unit of and the unit of B are the same.
- the chemical formula is any conventionally known composition ratio (element ratio). Shall be included.
- the chemical formula includes not only the stoichiometric composition but also the non-stoichiometric composition.
- the chemical formula of “TiC” includes not only the stoichiometric composition “Ti 1 C 1 ” but also a non-stoichiometric composition such as “Ti 1 C 0.8 ”. The same applies to the description of compounds other than “TiC”.
- the surface-coated cutting tool according to this embodiment is A surface-coated cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating for coating the substrate,
- the coating includes a hard coating layer composed of a domain region and a matrix region,
- the domain region is a region that is divided into a plurality of parts in the matrix region and exists in a dispersed state,
- the domain region is composed of at least one first AlTi compound selected from the group consisting of Al x1 Ti (1-x1) N, Al x1 Ti (1-x1) BN, and Al x1 Ti (1-x1) CN.
- the matrix region is made of at least one third AlTi compound selected from the group consisting of Al x3 Ti (1-x3) N, Al x3 Ti (1-x3) BN, and Al x3Ti (1-x3) CN.
- the fourth layer has a structure laminated with each other,
- the first AlTi compound has a hexagonal crystal structure, and the second AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure;
- the third AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure, and the fourth AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure;
- X1 is 0.9 or more and 0.95 or less,
- X2 is 0.5 or more and 0.6 or less,
- X3 is 0.75 or more and 0.85 or less
- Said x4 is 0.5 or more and 0.6 or less.
- the surface-coated cutting tool of the present embodiment (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “cutting tool”) includes a base material and a coating that covers the base material.
- the cutting tool includes, for example, a drill, an end mill, a drill tip changeable cutting tip, an end mill tip replacement cutting tip, a milling tip replacement cutting tip, a turning tip replacement cutting tip, a metal saw, and a gear cutting tool. , Reamer, tap, etc.
- the base material is cemented carbide (for example, tungsten carbide (WC) based cemented carbide, cemented carbide containing Co in addition to WC, carbonitride such as Cr, Ti, Ta, Nb in addition to WC).
- cemented carbide for example, tungsten carbide (WC) based cemented carbide, cemented carbide containing Co in addition to WC, carbonitride such as Cr, Ti, Ta, Nb in addition to WC).
- Cermet (mainly composed of TiC, TiN, TiCN, etc.), high speed steel, ceramics (titanium carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, aluminum oxide, etc.), cubic crystal It is preferable to include at least one selected from the group consisting of a type boron nitride sintered body (cBN sintered body) and a diamond sintered body, and at least one selected from the group consisting of cemented carbide, cermet and cBN sintered body. More preferably it contains a seed.
- these various base materials it is particularly preferable to select a WC-based cemented carbide or a cBN sintered body. The reason is that these base materials are particularly excellent in the balance between hardness and strength at high temperatures and have excellent characteristics as base materials for surface-coated cutting tools for the above-mentioned uses.
- the effect of this embodiment is shown even if such a cemented carbide includes an abnormal phase called free carbon or ⁇ phase in the structure.
- the base material used in this embodiment may have a modified surface.
- a de- ⁇ layer may be formed on the surface, or in the case of a cBN sintered body, a surface hardened layer may be formed, and even if the surface is modified in this way The effect of this embodiment is shown.
- the base material includes those having a chip breaker and those having no chip breaker.
- the shape of the edge line of the cutting edge is sharp edge (the ridge where the rake face and flank face intersect), honing (the shape with a rounded edge for the sharp edge), negative land (the chamfered shape), and the combination of honing and negative land Any shape is included among the shapes.
- the coating according to this embodiment includes a hard coating layer composed of a domain region and a matrix region.
- the “coating” covers at least a part of the base material (for example, a portion that contacts the work material during cutting), thereby improving various characteristics such as chipping resistance and wear resistance of the cutting tool. It is what you have.
- the coating preferably covers the entire surface of the substrate. However, even if a part of the base material is not covered with the coating or the configuration of the coating is partially different, it does not depart from the scope of the present embodiment.
- the thickness of the coating is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the coating means the total thickness of the layers constituting the coating.
- Examples of the “layer constituting the coating” include a hard coating layer, a base layer, and an outermost layer described later.
- the thickness of the coating is measured by measuring 10 arbitrary points in a cross-sectional sample parallel to the normal direction of the surface of the substrate using, for example, a transmission electron microscope (TEM), and the measured thickness of 10 points. It can be obtained by taking the average value of.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- An example of the transmission electron microscope is JEM-2100F (trade name) manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hard coating layer constituting the coating of the surface-coated cutting tool according to the present embodiment.
- the hard coating layer is composed of the domain region (region a in FIG. 1) and the matrix region (region b in FIG. 1 (region other than region a)).
- region a in which the domain regions a appear to overlap each other, but this includes a region in which the matrix region b is interposed in the depth direction of the figure.
- the said hard coating layer has a composition mentioned later, inevitable impurities may be contained in the range which does not impair the effect which the surface coating cutting tool which concerns on this embodiment show
- the content of the inevitable impurities is preferably 0% by mass to 10% by mass with respect to the total mass of the hard coating layer.
- the hard coating layer may be provided directly on the base material as long as the effect of the surface-coated cutting tool according to the present embodiment is not impaired, or the base layer may be interposed via another layer such as a base layer. It may be provided on the material.
- the hard coating layer may be provided with another layer such as an outermost layer thereon.
- the hard coating layer may be an outermost layer (outermost surface layer) of the coating.
- the thickness of the hard coating layer is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more and 13 ⁇ m or less.
- the “domain region” means a region (for example, a region a in FIG. 1) that is divided into a plurality of portions in a matrix region described later and exists in a dispersed state.
- the domain region can also be understood as a region arranged in a plurality of regions in the hard coating layer. Note that the above “distributed state” does not exclude the case where the domain regions are in contact with each other.
- the domain region is composed of at least one first AlTi compound selected from the group consisting of Al x1 Ti (1-x1) N, Al x1 Ti (1-x1) BN, and Al x1 Ti (1-x1) CN.
- the second layer has a stacked structure.
- x1 and x2 mean the atomic ratio of Al in the first layer and the atomic ratio of Al in the second layer, respectively.
- the first AlTi compound is preferably Al x1 Ti (1-x1) N.
- the second AlTi compound is preferably Al x2 Ti (1-x2) N.
- FIG. 2 is an exemplary enlarged photograph of region a.
- the first layer (dark layer in FIG. 2) and the second layer (bright layer in FIG. 2) may form a multilayer structure in which one or more layers are alternately laminated.
- a part of the domain region may include the multilayer structure.
- the domain region may have a multilayer structure.
- the domain region can be clearly distinguished from the matrix region described later by observing with TEM and analyzing the limited field electron diffraction image.
- the volume ratio of the domain region is not particularly limited, but may be 10% to 90% by volume, or 20% to 80% by volume based on the total volume of the domain region and the matrix region. Or 50 volume% or more and 80 volume% or less may be sufficient.
- the volume ratio of the domain region is obtained by performing X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD measurement) and performing Rietveld analysis.
- XRD measurement X-ray diffraction measurement
- the region to be measured is a region within 2 mm from the ridgeline of the blade-tip-exchangeable cutting tip and a flat region. It is preferable to select two areas to be measured and measure at least twice for each area. Thereafter, Rietveld analysis is performed on the obtained data to obtain the volume ratio of the domain region.
- the thickness of the first layer is preferably 2 nm or more and 20 nm or less, and more preferably 4 nm or more and 14 nm or less.
- the thickness of the second layer is preferably 0.5 nm or more and 5 nm or less, and more preferably 1 nm or more and 4 nm or less.
- the thickness of the first layer means an average value of the thicknesses of arbitrary 10 first layers constituting the multilayer structure. The same applies to the thickness of the second layer.
- the total thickness of the first layer and the second layer is preferably 2 nm or more and 25 nm or less, and preferably 2.5 nm or more and 25 nm or less. More preferably, it is 5 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- X1 in the first AlTi compound is 0.9 or more and 0.95 or less, and preferably 0.91 or more and 0.94 or less.
- X1 is an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) apparatus attached to the scanning electron microscope (SEM) or TEM for the crystal grains in the first layer shown in the cross-sectional sample. It is possible to obtain it by using and analyzing. Specifically, each of arbitrary 10 points in the first layer in the domain region of the cross-sectional sample is measured to obtain the value of x1, and the average value of the obtained values of 10 points is x1 in the first layer. And Here, the “arbitrary 10 points” are selected from different crystal grains in the first layer.
- the x1 means an average value of x1 of each of arbitrary 10 first layers constituting the multilayer structure.
- x2, x3, and x4 described later examples of the EDX apparatus include JED-2300 (trade name) manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- X2 in the second AlTi compound is 0.5 or more and 0.6 or less, and preferably 0.53 or more and 0.58 or less.
- Said x2 can be calculated
- the first AlTi compound constituting the first layer includes a hexagonal crystal structure.
- the fact that the first AlTi compound has a hexagonal crystal structure means that the first layer of the cross-sectional sample described above is obtained by performing electron beam diffraction measurement (SAED: Selected Area Electron Diffraction) with a limited field of view. This can be confirmed by analyzing the pattern of the diffraction image. Specifically, electron beam diffraction measurement is performed on the crystal grains of the first AlTi compound in the first layer. At this time, the number of crystal grains to be measured is at least 10 points, and more preferably 20 points or more.
- region contains the said multilayer structure
- the crystal structure parameters of the substances necessary for performing the pattern analysis of the electron beam diffraction image are obtained from, for example, International Center for Diffraction Data (ICDD), and the crystal structure parameters and electron beam diffraction pattern simulation software (for example: ReciPro) And can be analyzed.
- Examples of the apparatus used for the electron diffraction measurement include “JEM-2100F” (trade name) manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- the second AlTi compound constituting the second layer includes a cubic crystal structure.
- the fact that the second AlTi compound includes a cubic crystal structure is obtained by performing electron beam diffraction measurement (SAED measurement) on the second layer of the above-described cross-sectional sample and analyzing the pattern of the electron beam diffraction image. I can confirm. Specific conditions and the like when performing electron beam diffraction measurement and pattern analysis of an electron beam diffraction image are the same as described above.
- the first AlTi compound includes a hexagonal crystal structure
- the second AlTi compound includes a cubic crystal structure.
- the first AlTi compound preferably has a hexagonal crystal structure
- the second AlTi compound preferably has a cubic crystal structure.
- the domain region preferably includes a twin portion.
- the “twinned part” means a structure including a part where two single crystals constituting the domain region are gathered and joined according to a certain orientation.
- the region a shown in FIG. 2 corresponds to the twin portion. Whether or not the twin portion is included can be determined by observing the domain region using a transmission electron microscope.
- the “matrix region” is a region (for example, the region b in FIG. 1) serving as a matrix of the coating film, and means a region other than the domain region.
- most of the matrix region can be grasped as a region arranged so as to surround each of a plurality of regions constituting the domain region. It can also be understood that most of the matrix region is disposed between a plurality of regions constituting the domain region.
- the matrix region is made of at least one third AlTi compound selected from the group consisting of Al x3 Ti (1-x3) N, Al x3 Ti (1-x3) BN, and Al x3Ti (1-x3) CN.
- the fourth layer has a structure in which the fourth layer is stacked on each other.
- x3 and x4 mean the atomic ratio of Al in the third layer and the atomic ratio of Al in the fourth layer, respectively.
- the third AlTi compound is preferably Al x3 Ti (1-x3) N.
- the fourth AlTi compound is preferably Al x4 Ti (1-x4) N.
- FIG. 3 is an exemplary enlarged photograph of region b.
- the third layer (the dark layer in the region b in FIG. 3) and the fourth layer (the bright layer in the region b in FIG. 3) may each form a multilayer structure in which one or more layers are alternately stacked.
- a part of the matrix region may include the multilayer structure.
- region may consist of the said multilayered structure.
- the matrix region can be clearly distinguished from the domain region by observation with a TEM and analysis of a limited field electron diffraction image.
- the volume ratio of the matrix region is not particularly limited, but may be 10% to 90% by volume, or 20% to 80% by volume based on the total volume of the domain region and the matrix region. Or 50 volume% or more and 80 volume% or less may be sufficient.
- the volume ratio of the matrix region is obtained by performing X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD measurement) and performing a Rietveld analysis. Specifically, it can be obtained by the same method as the method for obtaining the volume ratio of the domain region described above.
- the thickness of the third layer is preferably 1 nm or more and 20 nm or less, and more preferably 2 nm or more and 10 nm or less.
- the thickness of the fourth layer is preferably 0.5 nm or more and 10 nm or less, and more preferably 1 nm or more and 2 nm or less.
- the thickness of the said 3rd layer means the average value of the thickness of each of the arbitrary 10 3rd layers which comprise the said multilayer structure. The same applies to the thickness of the fourth layer.
- the total thickness of the third layer and the fourth layer (the sum of the two layers) is preferably 1.5 nm or more and 30 nm or less, and preferably 3 nm or more and 10 nm or less. More preferred.
- X3 in the third AlTi compound is 0.75 or more and 0.85 or less, and preferably 0.76 or more and 0.82 or less.
- Said x3 can be calculated
- X4 in the fourth AlTi compound is 0.5 or more and 0.6 or less, and preferably 0.52 or more and 0.56 or less.
- Said x4 can be calculated
- the third AlTi compound constituting the third layer includes a cubic crystal structure.
- the fact that the third AlTi compound includes a cubic crystal structure is obtained by performing electron beam diffraction measurement (SAED measurement) on the third layer of the above-described cross-sectional sample and analyzing the pattern of the electron beam diffraction image. I can confirm. Specific conditions and the like when performing SAED measurement and electron beam diffraction pattern analysis are the same as described above.
- the fourth AlTi compound constituting the fourth layer includes a cubic crystal structure.
- the fact that the fourth AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure is confirmed by performing electron diffraction analysis (SAED measurement) on the fourth layer of the above-mentioned cross-sectional sample and analyzing the pattern of electron diffraction. it can. Specific conditions and the like when performing SAED measurement and electron beam diffraction pattern analysis are the same as described above.
- the third AlTi compound includes a cubic crystal structure
- the fourth AlTi compound includes a cubic crystal structure.
- the third AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure
- the fourth AlTi compound has a cubic crystal structure.
- the said film may further contain the other layer.
- the other layer may have a composition different from or the same as that of the hard coating layer.
- examples of the other layers include a TiN layer, a TiCN layer, a TiBN layer, and an Al 2 O 3 layer. Note that the order of stacking is not particularly limited.
- examples of the other layer include a base layer provided between the base material and the hard coating layer, and an outermost layer provided on the hard coating layer.
- the thickness of the other layers is not particularly limited as long as the effects of the present embodiment are not impaired, and examples thereof include 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the method for manufacturing the surface-coated cutting tool according to the present embodiment is as follows.
- a method for producing a surface-coated cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating for coating the substrate, Preparing the base material;
- the substrate is prepared.
- the base material any of those conventionally known as this type of base material can be used as described above.
- raw material powder having a predetermined composition mass% is uniformly mixed using a commercially available attritor, and then the mixed powder is formed into a predetermined shape (for example, , SEET13T3AGSN, CNMG120408NUX, etc.) and then sintered in a predetermined sintering furnace at 1300 ° C. to 1500 ° C. for 1 to 2 hours to obtain the above-mentioned substrate made of cemented carbide.
- a commercial item as it is for a base material.
- Sumitomo Electric Hardmetal Co., Ltd. EH520 brand name is mentioned, for example.
- a first gas containing an aluminum halide gas and a titanium halide gas, an aluminum halide gas, a second gas containing a titanium halide gas and an ammonia gas, and a third gas containing an ammonia gas are ejected onto the substrate in an atmosphere of 650 ° C. to 900 ° C. and 0.5 kPa to 5 kPa.
- This step can be performed using, for example, a CVD apparatus described below.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a CVD apparatus used for manufacturing the cutting tool of the embodiment.
- the CVD apparatus 10 includes a plurality of base material setting jigs 12 for installing the base material 11 and a reaction vessel 13 made of heat-resistant alloy steel that covers the base material setting jig 12. ing.
- a temperature control device 14 for controlling the temperature in the reaction vessel 13 is provided around the reaction vessel 13.
- a gas introduction pipe 18 having a first gas introduction pipe 15, a second gas introduction pipe 16, and a third gas introduction pipe 17 that are joined adjacent to each other is provided in the reaction container 13 in the vertical direction in the space inside the reaction container 13. And is provided to be rotatable about the vertical direction.
- a first gas introduced into the first gas introduction pipe 15, a second gas introduced into the second gas introduction pipe 16, and a third gas introduced into the third gas introduction pipe 17 Are not mixed in the gas introduction pipe 18.
- the first gas introduction pipe 15, the second gas introduction pipe 16, and the third gas introduction pipe 17 are partly included in each of the first gas introduction pipe 15, the second gas introduction pipe 16, and the third gas introduction pipe 17.
- a plurality of through-holes are provided for ejecting the gas flowing through each of the base material 11 on the base material 11 installed in the base material setting jig 12.
- reaction vessel 13 is provided with a gas exhaust pipe 19 for exhausting the gas inside the reaction vessel 13 to the outside, and the gas inside the reaction vessel 13 passes through the gas exhaust pipe 19, The gas is discharged from the gas outlet 20 to the outside of the reaction vessel 13.
- the first gas, the second gas, and the third gas described above are introduced into the first gas introduction pipe 15, the second gas introduction pipe 16, and the third gas introduction pipe 17, respectively.
- the temperature of each of the first gas, the second gas, and the third gas in each gas introduction pipe is not particularly limited as long as it does not liquefy.
- the first gas is introduced into the reaction vessel 13 in an atmosphere of 650 ° C. to 900 ° C. (preferably 700 ° C. to 750 ° C.) and 0.5 kPa to 5 kPa (preferably 2 kPa to 2.5 kPa). Second gas and third gas are repeatedly ejected in this order.
- the gas introduction pipe 18 Since the gas introduction pipe 18 has a plurality of through holes, the introduced first gas, second gas, and third gas are jetted into the reaction vessel 13 from different through holes. At this time, the gas introduction pipe 18 rotates around the axis thereof at a rotational speed of 2 to 4 rpm, for example, as indicated by a rotation arrow in FIG. Thereby, the first gas, the second gas, and the third gas can be repeatedly ejected to the base material 11 in this order.
- the first gas includes an aluminum halide gas and a titanium halide gas.
- the aluminum halide gas examples include aluminum chloride gas (AlCl 3 gas, Al 2 Cl 6 gas). Preferably, AlCl 3 gas is used.
- the concentration (volume%) of the aluminum halide gas is preferably 0.3 volume% or more and 1.5 volume% or less, based on the total volume of the first gas, and 0.6 volume% or more and 0.8 volume% or less. More preferably, it is not more than volume%.
- titanium halide gas examples include titanium chloride (IV) gas (TiCl 4 gas), titanium chloride (III) gas (TiCl 3 gas), and the like.
- titanium (IV) chloride gas is used.
- the concentration (volume%) of the titanium halide gas is preferably 0.1 volume% or more and 1.0 volume% or less, based on the total volume of the first gas, and is 0.2 volume% or more and 0.4 volume% or less. More preferably, it is not more than volume%.
- the molar ratio of the aluminum halide gas in the first gas is preferably 0.5 or more and 0.85 or less, based on the total number of moles of the aluminum halide gas and the titanium halide gas. More preferably, it is 6 or more and 0.8 or less.
- the present inventors consider that when the molar ratio is within the above range, the third layer and the fourth layer are formed by nucleation-growth decomposition.
- the first gas may contain hydrogen gas or an inert gas such as argon gas.
- concentration (% by volume) of the inert gas is preferably 5% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less, more preferably 20% by volume or more and 40% by volume or less, based on the total volume of the first gas.
- Hydrogen gas usually occupies the remainder of the first gas.
- the flow rate of the first gas when jetted onto the base material is preferably 20 to 40 L / min.
- the second gas includes an aluminum halide gas, a titanium halide gas, and an ammonia gas.
- the aluminum halide gas and the titanium halide gas the gas exemplified in the above (first gas) column can be used.
- the aluminum halide gas and the titanium halide gas used for the first gas were the same as the aluminum halide gas and the titanium halide gas used for the second gas, respectively. It may be different or different.
- the concentration (volume%) of the aluminum halide gas is preferably 4% to 5% by volume, based on the total volume of the second gas, and is 4.3% to 4.8% by volume. More preferably.
- the concentration (volume%) of the halide gas of titanium is preferably 0.1 volume% or more and 1 volume% or less, based on the total volume of the second gas, and is 0.3 volume% or more and 0.8 volume%. The following is more preferable.
- the molar ratio of the aluminum halide gas in the second gas is preferably 0.82 or more and 0.98 or less, based on the total number of moles of the aluminum halide gas and the titanium halide gas, More preferably, it is 0.95 or less.
- the present inventors consider that when the molar ratio is within the above range, the first layer and the second layer are formed by spinodal decomposition.
- the concentration (volume%) of ammonia gas is preferably 5% by volume or more and 25% by volume or less, more preferably 10% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less, based on the total volume of the second gas.
- the second gas may contain hydrogen gas or an inert gas such as argon gas.
- concentration (% by volume) of the inert gas is preferably 5% by volume or more and 50% by volume or less, more preferably 15% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less, based on the total volume of the second gas.
- Hydrogen gas usually occupies the remainder of the second gas.
- the flow rate of the second gas when jetting to the base material is preferably 20 to 40 L / min.
- the third gas includes ammonia gas.
- the third gas may contain hydrogen gas or may contain an inert gas such as argon gas. By ejecting the third gas onto the substrate, formation of the matrix region is promoted.
- the concentration (volume%) of the ammonia gas is preferably 3% by volume or more and 30% by volume or less, more preferably 10% by volume or more and 20% by volume or less, based on the total volume of the third gas. Hydrogen gas usually occupies the remainder of the third gas.
- the flow rate of the third gas when jetting to the base material is preferably 10 to 20 L / min.
- ⁇ Other processes> In the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, in addition to the steps described above, a step of forming another layer, a step of surface treatment, and the like may be appropriately performed. When forming the other layers described above, other layers may be formed by a conventional method.
- the base material K and the base material L which are shown in the following Table 1 were prepared as a base material used as the object which forms a film (process of preparing a base material). Specifically, first, raw material powders having the composition (% by mass) shown in Table 1 were uniformly mixed. “Remaining” in Table 1 indicates that WC occupies the remainder of the composition (mass%).
- the mixed powder is pressed into a predetermined shape and then sintered at 1300 to 1500 ° C. for 1 to 2 hours, whereby a base material K made of cemented carbide (base material shape (JIS standard): CNMG120408). -EX) and a base material L (base material shape (JIS standard): SEET13T3AGSN-G) made of cemented carbide.
- base material K made of cemented carbide
- base material shape base material shape (JIS standard): CNMG120408).
- base material L base material shape (base material shape (JIS standard): SEET13T3AGSN-G) made of cemented carbide.
- CNMG120408-EX is the shape of a cutting edge replacement type cutting tip for turning
- SEET13T3AGSN-G is the shape of a cutting edge replacement type cutting tip for milling.
- a coating film was formed on the surface of the substrate K or the base material L by forming the base layer, the hard coating layer and the outermost layer shown in Table 11 on the surface of the base material K or the base material L.
- a method for producing each layer constituting the coating will be described.
- the surface of the substrate K or L is repeated by repeating the first gas, the second gas, and the third gas having the compositions described in Tables 3 to 5 in this order.
- the hard coating layer was produced by jetting up (step of jetting each of the first gas, the second gas, and the third gas to the substrate).
- the base layer was provided on the surface of the base material, the hard film was produced on the surface of the said base layer.
- the hard coating layer indicated by the identification symbol [1] in Table 6 is formed under the film-forming conditions of a temperature of 750 ° C., a pressure of 2.5 kPa, and a rotation speed of the gas introduction pipe of 2 rpm (identification symbol A in Table 2).
- a first gas (0.7 volume% AlCl 3 , 0.3 volume% TiCl 4 , 20 volume% Ar, the balance being H 2 , the gas flow rate 20 L / min) represented by the identification symbol 1-c 4
- a second gas (4.5% by volume AlCl 3 , 0.5% by volume TiCl 4 , 10% by volume NH 3 , 17% by volume Ar, the balance being H 2
- the surface of the substrate by repeating a gas flow rate of 40 L / min) and a third gas (10% by volume of NH 3 , the balance being H 2 , the gas flow rate of 10 L / min) indicated by the identification symbol 3-a in Table 5 in this order
- a hard coating layer was produced by jetting up.
- Table 6 shows the composition and the like of the produced hard coating layer. In Table 6, the portion indicated by “None” indicates that no domain region or matrix region is formed because the corresponding gas was not ejected.
- the thickness of the coating and the underlying layer, hard coating layer (first layer, second layer, third layer, fourth layer) and outermost layer constituting the coating are determined by transmission electron microscope (TEM) (JEOL Ltd.) Using a company, product name: JEM-2100F), measure any 10 points in the cross-sectional sample parallel to the normal direction of the surface of the substrate, and take the average value of the measured thicknesses of the 10 points I asked for it.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the notation “None” in the columns of “underlayer” and “outermost layer” indicates that the underlayer and the outermost layer are not present in the coating.
- the notation “[1] (3.5)” or the like in the column of “hard coating layer” has a configuration in which the hard coating layer is indicated by the identification symbol [1] in Table 6 and the total thickness is 3 .5 ⁇ m.
- a notation such as “TiN (0.5)” indicates that the corresponding layer is a TiN layer having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the compound on the left side (TiN (0.5) ) Is a layer located on the side closer to the surface of the substrate, and the right side compound (TiCN (1.5)) is a layer located on the side far from the surface of the substrate.
- the notation “[Al 2 O 3 (0.2) -TiN (0.1)] ⁇ 3 ” indicates that the layer represented by “Al 2 O 3 (0.2) -TiN (0.1)” is It means that it is laminated three times.
- the order of stacking of the Al 2 O 3 layer and the TiN layer in “Al 2 O 3 (0.2) -TiN (0.1)” is the same as described above.
- the domain region formed a multilayer structure in which the first layer and the second layer were alternately laminated (for example, FIG. 2).
- twin portions were observed in the domain region.
- the first layer constituting the domain region has a hexagonal crystal structure
- the second layer has a cubic crystal structure
- the first layer in the ⁇ 100> orientation It was found that the Al composition in the first layer and the Al composition in the second layer change (FIG. 2, upper right photo).
- the third layer and the fourth layer constituting the matrix region have a cubic crystal structure, and form a multilayer structure in which the third layer and the fourth layer are alternately laminated. (For example, FIG. 3).
- Measurement conditions of nano indenter Indenter material Diamond indenter shape: Berkovich indenter test load: 30 mN Step interval: 20 msec Holding time: 1000msec Number of measurement points: 10 ⁇ Crystal structure of domain region and matrix region>
- the crystal structure of AlTiN in the domain region (first layer, second layer) and matrix region (third layer, fourth layer) is a transmission electron microscope and a device for limited-field electron diffraction measurement (TEM-SAED measurement) (Japan) Measurement was performed under the conditions shown in Table 8 below using a product name of JEM-2100F manufactured by Denki Co., Ltd. At this time, the number of crystal grains to be measured was at least 10 for one layer, and the measurement was made for each of arbitrary 10 layers.
- the second layer constituting the domain region, and the third and fourth layers constituting the matrix region had a cubic crystal structure. It was also found that the first layer constituting the domain region had a hexagonal crystal structure.
- “h” in the notation such as “h-AlTiN” indicates that the compound has a hexagonal crystal structure.
- “c” in the notation “c-TiAlN” and the like indicates that the compound has a cubic crystal structure.
- composition of the first layer, the second layer, the third layer, and the fourth layer in the hard coating layer is as shown in Table 9 below using an EDX measurement apparatus (trade name: JED-2300, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). Measured under conditions. For example, each of arbitrary 10 points in the first layer in the domain region of the cross-sectional sample is measured to obtain the value of x1, and the average value of the obtained 10 points is defined as x1 in the first layer.
- the “arbitrary 10 points” were selected from different crystal grains in the first layer.
- the x1 is an average value of x1 of each of arbitrary 10 first layers constituting the multilayer structure. It calculated
- ⁇ Volume ratio of domain region and matrix region> Based on the total volume of the domain region (first layer, second layer) and the matrix region (third layer, fourth layer), the volume ratio of each of the domain region and the matrix region is determined by X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD). Measurement was performed under the conditions shown in Table 10 below using an apparatus for measurement (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, trade name: SmartLab). At this time, when measuring a sample having no hard coating layer on the outermost surface, the measurement was performed after exposing the hard coating layer by mechanical polishing or the like. The area to be measured was an area within 2 mm from the ridgeline of the tool edge and a flat area. Two areas to be measured were selected, and each area was measured at least twice.
- XRD X-ray diffraction measurement
- the second layer constituting the domain region, and the third and fourth layers constituting the matrix region had a cubic crystal structure. It was found that the first layer constituting the domain region had a hexagonal crystal structure.
- region from Rietveld analysis (Rigaku Corporation make, analysis software name: PDXL). Specifically, in the hard coating layers having the identification symbols [1] to [8] in Table 6, the volume ratios of the domain region and the matrix region were 80% by volume and 20% by volume, respectively. Further, in the hard coating layer identified by the identification symbol [9] in Table 6, the volume ratios of the domain region and the matrix region were 50% by volume and 50% by volume, respectively.
- Cutting condition work material Hastelloy 276 Speed: 50m / min Cutting depth (ap): 1.5 mm
- Cutting condition work material SUS304 Peripheral speed: 150 m / min Cutting depth (ap): 2.0 mm Cutting width (ae): 30 mm
- the cutting tools of Samples 13 to 21 ′ correspond to Examples, and the cutting tools of Sample 24, Sample 25, and Sample 27 correspond to Comparative Examples. From the results shown in Table 13, the cutting tools of Samples 13 to 21 ′ had good results with a cutting distance of 2.75 m or more. Further, the cutting tools of Samples 13 to 21 ′ had normal wear as the final damage form. On the other hand, the cutting tools of Sample 24, Sample 25, and Sample 27 had cutting distances of 1.75 m, 1.25 m, and 2.00 m, respectively. Further, chipping was observed in the cutting tool of Sample 24. The cutting tool of Sample 25 was extremely worn, and the tool life was short due to wear. Sample 27 had a large amount of wear. From the results of Test 2, it can be seen that the cutting tools of Samples 13 to 21 ′ are superior in fracture resistance and wear resistance to the cutting tools of Sample 24, Sample 25, and Sample 27, and have a long tool life. It was.
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Abstract
Description
基材と上記基材を被覆する被膜とを含む表面被覆切削工具であって、
上記被膜は、ドメイン領域とマトリックス領域とからなる硬質被膜層を含み、
上記ドメイン領域は、上記マトリックス領域中に複数の部分に分かれ、分散した状態で存在している領域であり、
上記ドメイン領域は、Alx1Ti(1-x1)N、Alx1Ti(1-x1)BN及びAlx1Ti(1-x1)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第一AlTi化合物からなる第一層と、Alx2Ti(1-x2)N、Alx2Ti(1-x2)BN及びAlx2Ti(1-x2)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第二AlTi化合物からなる第二層とが互いに積層された構造を有し、
上記マトリックス領域は、Alx3Ti(1-x3)N、Alx3Ti(1-x3)BN及びAlx3Ti(1-x3)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第三AlTi化合物からなる第三層と、Alx4Ti(1-x4)N、Alx4Ti(1-x4)BN及びAlx4Ti(1-x4)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第四AlTi化合物からなる第四層とが互いに積層された構造を有し、
上記第一AlTi化合物は六方晶型の結晶構造を有し、且つ上記第二AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、
上記第三AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、且つ上記第四AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、
x1は、0.9以上0.95以下であり、
x2は、0.5以上0.6以下であり、
x3は、0.75以上0.85以下であり、
x4は、0.5以上0.6以下である。
上記(1)に記載の表面被覆切削工具の製造方法であって、
前記基材を準備する工程と、
アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス及びチタンのハロゲン化物ガスを含む第一ガスと、アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス、チタンのハロゲン化物ガス及びアンモニアガスを含む第二ガスと、アンモニアガスを含む第三ガスとのそれぞれを、650℃以上900℃以下且つ0.5kPa以上5kPa以下の雰囲気において前記基材に対して噴出する工程と、を含む、表面被覆切削工具の製造方法である。
近年はより高効率な(送り速度が大きい)切削加工が求められており、更なる耐欠損性及び耐摩耗性の向上(刃先の欠け及び摩耗の抑制)が期待されている。
[本開示の効果]
上記によれば、優れた耐欠損性及び耐摩耗性を有する表面被覆切削工具を提供することが可能になる。
[本開示の実施形態の説明]
最初に本開示の一態様の内容を列記して説明する。
[1]本開示に係る表面被覆切削工具は、
基材と上記基材を被覆する被膜とを含む表面被覆切削工具であって、
上記被膜は、ドメイン領域とマトリックス領域とからなる硬質被膜層を含み、
上記ドメイン領域は、上記マトリックス領域中に複数の部分に分かれ、分散した状態で存在している領域であり、
上記ドメイン領域は、Alx1Ti(1-x1)N、Alx1Ti(1-x1)BN及びAlx1Ti(1-x1)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第一AlTi化合物からなる第一層と、Alx2Ti(1-x2)N、Alx2Ti(1-x2)BN及びAlx2Ti(1-x2)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第二AlTi化合物からなる第二層とが互いに積層された構造を有し、
上記マトリックス領域は、Alx3Ti(1-x3)N、Alx3Ti(1-x3)BN及びAlx3Ti(1-x3)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第三AlTi化合物からなる第三層と、Alx4Ti(1-x4)N、Alx4Ti(1-x4)BN及びAlx4Ti(1-x4)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第四AlTi化合物からなる第四層とが互いに積層された構造を有し、
上記第一AlTi化合物は六方晶型の結晶構造を有し、且つ上記第二AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、
上記第三AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、且つ上記第四AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、
上記x1は、0.9以上0.95以下であり、
上記x2は、0.5以上0.6以下であり、
上記x3は、0.75以上0.85以下であり、
上記x4は、0.5以上0.6以下である。
[2]上記ドメイン領域は、双晶部分を含む。このように規定することで耐チッピング性に優れる表面被覆切削工具となる。
前記基材を準備する工程と、
アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス及びチタンのハロゲン化物ガスを含む第一ガスと、アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス、チタンのハロゲン化物ガス及びアンモニアガスを含む第二ガスと、アンモニアガスを含む第三ガスとのそれぞれを、650℃以上900℃以下且つ0.5kPa以上5kPa以下の雰囲気において前記基材に対して噴出する工程と、を含む。
以下、本開示の一実施形態(以下「本実施形態」と記す。)について説明する。ただし、本実施形態はこれに限定されるものではない。なお以下の実施形態の説明に用いられる図面において、同一の参照符号は、同一部分又は相当部分を表わす。本明細書において「A~B」という形式の表記は、範囲の上限下限(すなわちA以上B以下)を意味し、Aにおいて単位の記載がなく、Bにおいてのみ単位が記載されている場合、Aの単位とBの単位とは同じである。さらに、本明細書において、例えば「TiC」等のように、構成元素の組成比が限定されていない化学式によって化合物が表された場合には、その化学式は従来公知のあらゆる組成比(元素比)を含むものとする。このとき上記化学式は、化学量論組成のみならず、非化学量論組成も含むものとする。例えば「TiC」の化学式には、化学量論組成「Ti1C1」のみならず、例えば「Ti1C0.8」のような非化学量論組成も含まれる。このことは、「TiC」以外の化合物の記載についても同様である。
≪表面被覆切削工具≫
本実施形態に係る表面被覆切削工具は、
基材と上記基材を被覆する被膜とを含む表面被覆切削工具であって、
上記被膜は、ドメイン領域とマトリックス領域とからなる硬質被膜層を含み、
上記ドメイン領域は、上記マトリックス領域中に複数の部分に分かれ、分散した状態で存在している領域であり、
上記ドメイン領域は、Alx1Ti(1-x1)N、Alx1Ti(1-x1)BN及びAlx1Ti(1-x1)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第一AlTi化合物からなる第一層と、Alx2Ti(1-x2)N、Alx2Ti(1-x2)BN及びAlx2Ti(1-x2)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第二AlTi化合物からなる第二層とが互いに積層された構造を有し、
上記マトリックス領域は、Alx3Ti(1-x3)N、Alx3Ti(1-x3)BN及びAlx3Ti(1-x3)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第三AlTi化合物からなる第三層と、Alx4Ti(1-x4)N、Alx4Ti(1-x4)BN及びAlx4Ti(1-x4)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第四AlTi化合物からなる第四層とが互いに積層された構造を有し、
上記第一AlTi化合物は六方晶型の結晶構造を有し、且つ上記第二AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、
上記第三AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、且つ上記第四AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、
上記x1は、0.9以上0.95以下であり、
上記x2は、0.5以上0.6以下であり、
上記x3は、0.75以上0.85以下であり、
上記x4は、0.5以上0.6以下である。
本実施形態の基材は、この種の基材として従来公知のものであればいずれのものも使用することができる。例えば、上記基材は、超硬合金(例えば、炭化タングステン(WC)基超硬合金、WCの他にCoを含む超硬合金、WCの他にCr、Ti、Ta、Nb等の炭窒化物を添加した超硬合金等)、サーメット(TiC、TiN、TiCN等を主成分とするもの)、高速度鋼、セラミックス(炭化チタン、炭化珪素、窒化珪素、窒化アルミニウム、酸化アルミニウム等)、立方晶型窒化硼素焼結体(cBN焼結体)及びダイヤモンド焼結体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましく、超硬合金、サーメット及びcBN焼結体からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むことがより好ましい。
本実施形態に係る被膜は、ドメイン領域とマトリックス領域とからなる硬質被膜層を含む。「被膜」は、上記基材の少なくとも一部(例えば、切削加工時に被削材と接する部分)を被覆することで、切削工具における耐欠損性、耐摩耗性等の諸特性を向上させる作用を有するものである。上記被膜は、上記基材の全面を被覆することが好ましい。しかしながら、上記基材の一部が上記被膜で被覆されていなかったり被膜の構成が部分的に異なっていたりしていたとしても本実施形態の範囲を逸脱するものではない。
図1は、本実施形態に係る表面被覆切削工具の被膜を構成する硬質被膜層の模式図である。上記硬質被膜層は、上記ドメイン領域(図1の領域a)と上記マトリックス領域(図1の領域b(領域a以外の領域))とからなる。図1中、ドメイン領域a同士が重なって見える箇所があるが、図の奥行き方向にマトリックス領域bが介在しているものも含まれる。上記硬質被膜層は、後述する組成を有するが、本実施形態に係る表面被覆切削工具が奏する効果を損なわない範囲において、不可避不純物が含まれていてもよい。上記不可避不純物の含有割合は、硬質被膜層の全質量に対して0質量%以上10質量%以下であることが好ましい。
本実施形態において「ドメイン領域」とは、後述するマトリックス領域中に複数の部分に分かれ、分散した状態で存在している領域(例えば、図1における領域a)を意味する。また、上記ドメイン領域は、上記硬質被膜層において複数の領域に分かれて配置される領域と把握することもできる。なお、上述の「分散した状態」は、ドメイン領域が互いに接触しているものを排除するものではない。上記ドメイン領域は、Alx1Ti(1-x1)N、Alx1Ti(1-x1)BN及びAlx1Ti(1-x1)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第一AlTi化合物からなる第一層と、Alx2Ti(1-x2)N、Alx2Ti(1-x2)BN及びAlx2Ti(1-x2)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第二AlTi化合物からなる第二層とが互いに積層された構造を有する。ここで、x1及びx2は、それぞれ第一層におけるAlの原子比及び第二層におけるAlの原子比を意味する。上記第一AlTi化合物は、Alx1Ti(1-x1)Nであることが好ましい。また、上記第二AlTi化合物は、Alx2Ti(1-x2)Nであることが好ましい。
本実施形態において「マトリックス領域」とは上記被膜の母体となる領域(例えば、図1における領域b)であり、ドメイン領域以外の領域を意味する。言い換えると、上記マトリックス領域の大部分は、上記ドメイン領域を構成する複数の領域のそれぞれを取り囲むように配置されている領域と把握することもできる。また、上記マトリックス領域の大部分は、上記ドメイン領域を構成する複数の領域の間に配置されていると把握することもできる。上記マトリックス領域は、Alx3Ti(1-x3)N、Alx3Ti(1-x3)BN及びAlx3Ti(1-x3)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第三AlTi化合物からなる第三層と、Alx4Ti(1-x4)N、Alx4Ti(1-x4)BN及びAlx4Ti(1-x4)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第四AlTi化合物からなる第四層とが互いに積層された構造を有する。ここで、x3及びx4は、それぞれ第三層におけるAlの原子比及び第四層におけるAlの原子比を意味する。上記第三AlTi化合物は、Alx3Ti(1-x3)Nであることが好ましい。また、上記第四AlTi化合物は、Alx4Ti(1-x4)Nであることが好ましい。
図3は、領域bの例示的な拡大写真である。上記第三層(図3の領域bにおける暗い層)及び上記第四層(図3の領域bにおける明るい層)は、それぞれが交互に1層以上積層された多層構造を形成していてもよい。本実施形態において、マトリックス領域は、その一部が当該多層構造を含んでいてもよい。また、マトリックス領域は、当該多層構造からなっていてもよい。
本実施形態の効果を損なわない範囲において、上記被膜は、他の層を更に含んでいてもよい。上記他の層は、上記硬質被膜層とは組成が異なっていてもよいし、同じであってもよい。他の層としては、例えば、TiN層、TiCN層、TiBN層、Al2O3層等を挙げることができる。なお、その積層の順も特に限定されない。例えば、上記他の層としては、上記基材と上記硬質被膜層との間に設けられている下地層、上記硬質被膜層の上に設けられている最外層等が挙げられる。上記他の層の厚さは、本実施形態の効果を損なわない範囲において、特に制限はないが例えば、0.1μm以上2μm以下が挙げられる。
本実施形態に係る表面被覆切削工具の製造方法は、
基材と上記基材を被覆する被膜とを含む表面被覆切削工具の製造方法であって、
上記基材を準備する工程と、
アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス及びチタンのハロゲン化物ガスを含む第一ガスと、アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス、チタンのハロゲン化物ガス及びアンモニアガスを含む第二ガスと、アンモニウムガスを含む第三ガスとのそれぞれを、650℃以上900℃以下且つ0.5kPa以上5kPa以下の雰囲気において上記基材に対して噴出する工程と、を含む。
本工程では、上記基材を準備する。上記基材としては、上述したようにこの種の基材として従来公知のものであればいずれのものも使用することができる。例えば、上記基材が超硬合金からなる場合、所定の配合組成(質量%)からなる原料粉末を市販のアトライターを用いて均一に混合して、続いてこの混合粉末を所定の形状(例えば、SEET13T3AGSN、CNMG120408NUX等)に加圧成形した後に、所定の焼結炉において1300℃~1500℃で、1~2時間焼結することにより、超硬合金からなる上記基材を得ることができる。また、基材は、市販品をそのまま用いてもよい。市販品としては、例えば、住友電工ハードメタル株式会社製のEH520(商品名)が挙げられる。
本工程では、アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス及びチタンのハロゲン化物ガスを含む第一ガスと、アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス、チタンのハロゲン化物ガス及びアンモニアガスを含む第二ガスと、アンモニアガスを含む第三ガスとのそれぞれを、650℃以上900℃以下且つ0.5kPa以上5kPa以下の雰囲気において上記基材に噴出する。この工程は、例えば以下に説明するCVD装置を用いて行うことができる。
図4に、実施の形態の切削工具の製造に用いられるCVD装置の一例の模式的な断面図を示す。図4に示すように、CVD装置10は、基材11を設置するための基材セット治具12の複数と、基材セット治具12を被覆する耐熱合金鋼製の反応容器13とを備えている。また、反応容器13の周囲には、反応容器13内の温度を制御するための調温装置14が設けられている。
上記第一ガスは、アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス及びチタンのハロゲン化物ガスを含む。
上記第二ガスは、アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス、チタンのハロゲン化物ガス及びアンモニアガスを含む。アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス及びチタンのハロゲン化物ガスは、上記(第一ガス)の欄において例示されたガスを用いることができる。このとき、上記第一ガスに用いられたアルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス及びチタンのハロゲン化物ガスそれぞれと、第二ガスに用いられたアルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス及びチタンのハロゲン化物ガスそれぞれとは、同じであってもよいし、異なっていてもよい。
上記第三ガスは、アンモニアガスを含む。また上記第三ガスは、水素ガスを含んでもよいし、アルゴンガス等の不活性ガスを含んでもよい。上記第三ガスを上記基材に噴出することで、マトリックス領域の形成が促進される。
本実施形態に係る製造方法では、上述した工程の他にも、他の層を形成する工程、及び表面処理する工程等を適宜行ってもよい。上述の他の層を形成する場合、従来の方法によって他の層を形成してもよい。
<基材の準備>
まず、被膜を形成させる対象となる基材として、以下の表1に示す基材K及び基材Lを準備した(基材を準備する工程)。具体的には、まず、表1に記載の配合組成(質量%)からなる原料粉末を均一に混合した。表1中の「残り」とは、WCが配合組成(質量%)の残部を占めることを示している。
基材K又は基材Lの表面上に、表11に示される下地層、硬質被膜層及び最外層を形成することによって、基材K又は基材Lの表面上に被膜を作製した。以下、被膜を構成する各層の作製方法について説明する。
表2に記載の成膜条件のもとで、表3~5に記載の組成をそれぞれ有する第一ガス、第二ガス及び第三ガスをこの順で繰り返して基材K又は基材Lの表面上に噴出して硬質被膜層を作製した(第一ガスと第二ガスと第三ガスとのそれぞれを基材に噴出する工程)。なお、基材の表面に下地層を設けた場合は、当該下地層の表面上に硬質被膜を作製した。
表7に記載の成膜条件のもとで、表7に記載の組成を有する反応ガスを、下地層の場合は基材の表面上に、最外層の場合は硬質被膜層の表面上に噴出して下地層及び最外層を作製した。
上述のようにして作製した試料(試料1~試料27)の切削工具を用いて、以下のように、切削工具の各特性を評価した。
被膜、及び当該被膜を構成する下地層、硬質被膜層(第一層、第二層、第三層、第四層)及び最外層の厚さは、透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)(日本電子株式会社製、商品名:JEM-2100F)を用いて、基材の表面の法線方向に平行な断面サンプルにおける任意の10点を測定し、測定された10点の厚さの平均値をとることで求めた。結果を表6及び表11に示す。ここで、表6中の第一層の「厚さ」は、多層構造を構成している複数の第一層それぞれについて上述の方法によって求められた厚さの平均値を意味する。第二層、第三層、及び第四層の厚さについても同様である。「下地層」及び「最外層」の欄における「無し」との表記は、当該下地層及び当該最外層が被膜中に存在しないことを示す。また、「硬質被膜層」の欄における「[1](3.5)」等の表記は、硬質被膜層が表6の識別記号[1]で示される構成を有し、合計厚さが3.5μmであることを示す。表11中、「TiN(0.5)」等の表記は、該当する層が厚さ0.5μmのTiNの層であることを示す。また、1つの欄内に2つの化合物が記載されている場合(例えば、「TiN(0.5)-TiCN(1.5)」等の場合)は、左側の化合物(TiN(0.5))が基材の表面に近い側に位置する層であることを意味し、右側の化合物(TiCN(1.5))が基材の表面から遠い側に位置する層であることを意味している。さらに「[Al2O3(0.2)-TiN(0.1)]x3」等の表記は、「Al2O3(0.2)-TiN(0.1)」で示される層が3回繰り返して積層されていることを意味している。なお、「Al2O3(0.2)-TiN(0.1)」における、Al2O3の層とTiNの層の積層の順序は、上述した説明と同様である。
<膜硬度及び膜ヤング率の測定>
硬質被膜層の膜硬度及び膜ヤング率は、ナノインデンター(Elionix社製、商品名:ENT1100a)を用いて、以下の条件で測定した。このとき、上記硬質被膜層が最表面にない試料を測定する場合は、機械研磨等で上記硬質被膜層を露出させてから測定を行った。また、上記硬質被膜層における任意の10点それぞれを測定して上記膜硬度及び膜ヤング率を求め、求められた10点の膜硬度及び膜ヤング率の平均値を上記硬質被膜層における膜硬度及び膜ヤング率とした。なお、硬質被膜層の膜硬度及び膜ヤング率は、荷重と変位との曲線からオリバーとパーの理論に基づき算出した。結果を表6に示す。
圧子材質:ダイヤモンド
圧子形状:バーコビッチ圧子
試験荷重:30mN
ステップインターバル:20msec
保持時間:1000msec
測定点数:10点
<ドメイン領域及びマトリックス領域の結晶構造>
ドメイン領域(第一層、第二層)及びマトリックス領域(第三層、第四層)におけるAlTiNの結晶構造は、透過電子顕微鏡及び制限視野電子線回折測定(TEM-SAED測定)用装置(日本電子株式会社製、商品名:JEM-2100F)を用いて、以下の表8に示す条件で測定した。このとき、測定する結晶粒の数は、1か所の層について少なくとも10個以上とし、任意の10か所の各層について測定した。その結果、ドメイン領域を構成する第二層、並びに、マトリックス領域を構成する第三層及び第四層は立方晶型の結晶構造を有していることが分かった。また、ドメイン領域を構成する第一層は六方晶の結晶構造を有していることが分かった。なお、表6の「ドメイン領域」及び「マトリックス領域」の欄において、「h-AlTiN」等の表記における「h」は当該化合物が六方晶型の結晶構造を有していることを示している。また、「c-TiAlN」等の表記における「c」は当該化合物が立方晶型の結晶構造を有していることを示している。
硬質被膜層における第一層、第二層、第三層及び第四層の組成は、EDX測定用装置(日本電子株式会社製、商品名:JED-2300)を用いて、以下の表9の条件で測定した。例えば、上記断面サンプルのドメイン領域中の第一層における任意の10点それぞれを測定して上記x1の値を求め、求められた10点の値の平均値を上記第一層におけるx1とした。ここで当該「任意の10点」は、上記第一層中の互いに異なる結晶粒から選択した。また、上記ドメイン領域が上記多層構造を含む場合、上記x1は、上記多層構造を構成している任意の10か所の第一層それぞれのx1の平均値とした。第二層、第三層及び第四層の場合も同様の方法で求めた。結果を表6に示す。
ドメイン領域(第一層、第二層)及びマトリックス領域(第三層、第四層)の全体積を基準とした、上記ドメイン領域、上記マトリックス領域それぞれの体積比率は、X線回折測定(XRD測定)用装置(株式会社リガク製、商品名:SmartLab)を用いて、以下の表10に示す条件で測定した。このとき、上記硬質被膜層が最表面にない試料を測定する場合は、機械研磨等で上記硬質被膜層を露出させてから測定を行った。また、測定する領域は、工具刃先の稜線から2mm以内の領域であって且つ平坦な領域とした。上記測定する領域を2か所選定し、それぞれの領域について少なくとも2回以上測定した。その結果、ドメイン領域を構成する第二層、並びに、マトリックス領域を構成する第三層及び第四層は立方晶型の結晶構造を有していることが分かった。ドメイン領域を構成する第一層は六方晶の結晶構造を有していることが分かった。また、ドメイン領域とマトリックス領域の体積比率をリートベルト解析(株式会社リガク社製、解析ソフト名:PDXL)より定量的に推定することが可能であった。具体的には、表6における識別記号[1]~[8]の硬質被膜層は、ドメイン領域及びマトリックス領域それぞれの体積比率が、80体積%及び20体積%であった。また、表6における識別記号[9]の硬質被膜層は、ドメイン領域及びマトリックス領域それぞれの体積比率が、50体積%及び50体積%であった。
<試験1:旋削加工試験>
上述のようにして作製した試料(試料1~試料12’、試料22、試料23、試料26)の切削工具を用いて、以下の切削条件により逃げ面摩耗量(Vb)が0.2mmとなるまで又は欠損(チッピング)が起きるまでの切削時間を測定するとともに刃先の最終損傷形態を観察した。その結果を表12に示す。切削時間が長いほど耐摩耗性に優れる切削工具として評価することができる。
被削材 :ハステロイ276
速度 :50m/min
切込み量(ap):1.5mm
上述のようにして作製した試料(試料13~試料21’、試料24、試料25、試料27)の切削工具を用いて、以下の切削条件により逃げ面摩耗量(Vb)が0.2mmとなるまで又は欠損(チッピング)が起きるまでの切削距離を測定するとともに刃先の最終損傷形態を観察した。その結果を表13に示す。切削距離が長いほど耐摩耗性に優れる切削工具として評価することができる。
被削材 :SUS304
周速 :150m/min
切込み量(ap):2.0mm
切込み幅(ae):30mm
試料13~21’の切削工具は実施例に該当し、試料24、試料25及び試料27の切削工具は比較例に該当する。表13の結果から、試料13~21’の切削工具は、切削距離が2.75m以上の良好な結果が得られた。また、試料13~21’の切削工具は、最終的な損傷形態が正常摩耗であった。一方試料24、試料25及び試料27の切削工具は、切削距離がそれぞれ1.75m、1.25m、2.00mであった。また、試料24の切削工具はチッピングが観察された。試料25の切削工具は摩耗が著しく、摩耗が要因で工具寿命が短かった。試料27は、摩耗量が大きかった。試験2の結果から、試料13~21’の切削工具は、試料24、試料25及び試料27の切削工具に比べて、耐欠損性及び耐摩耗性に優れており、工具寿命も長いことが分かった。
Claims (5)
- 基材と前記基材を被覆する被膜とを含む表面被覆切削工具であって、
前記被膜は、ドメイン領域とマトリックス領域とからなる硬質被膜層を含み、
前記ドメイン領域は、前記マトリックス領域中に複数の部分に分かれ、分散した状態で存在している領域であり、
前記ドメイン領域は、Alx1Ti(1-x1)N、Alx1Ti(1-x1)BN及びAlx1Ti(1-x1)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第一AlTi化合物からなる第一層と、Alx2Ti(1-x2)N、Alx2Ti(1-x2)BN及びAlx2Ti(1-x2)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第二AlTi化合物からなる第二層とが互いに積層された構造を有し、
前記マトリックス領域は、Alx3Ti(1-x3)N、Alx3Ti(1-x3)BN及びAlx3Ti(1-x3)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第三AlTi化合物からなる第三層と、Alx4Ti(1-x4)N、Alx4Ti(1-x4)BN及びAlx4Ti(1-x4)CNからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の第四AlTi化合物からなる第四層とが互いに積層された構造を有し、
前記第一AlTi化合物は六方晶型の結晶構造を有し、且つ前記第二AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、
前記第三AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、且つ前記第四AlTi化合物は立方晶型の結晶構造を有し、
前記x1は、0.9以上0.95以下であり、
前記x2は、0.5以上0.6以下であり、
前記x3は、0.75以上0.85以下であり、
前記x4は、0.5以上0.6以下である、表面被覆切削工具。 - 前記ドメイン領域は、双晶部分を含む、請求項1に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
- 前記第一層の厚さと前記第二層の厚さとの合計厚さは、2nm以上20nm以下である、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
- 前記第三層の厚さと前記第四層の厚さとの合計厚さは、1.5nm以上30nm以下である、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の表面被覆切削工具。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の表面被覆切削工具の製造方法であって、
前記基材を準備する工程と、
アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス及びチタンのハロゲン化物ガスを含む第一ガスと、アルミニウムのハロゲン化物ガス、チタンのハロゲン化物ガス及びアンモニアガスを含む第二ガスと、アンモニアガスを含む第三ガスとのそれぞれを、650℃以上900℃以下且つ0.5kPa以上5kPa以下の雰囲気において前記基材に対して噴出する工程と、を含む、表面被覆切削工具の製造方法。
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Also Published As
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US20200370173A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
EP3769869A1 (en) | 2021-01-27 |
CN111902229B (zh) | 2023-02-21 |
CN111902229A (zh) | 2020-11-06 |
JPWO2019181136A1 (ja) | 2020-04-30 |
US11326252B2 (en) | 2022-05-10 |
EP3769869A4 (en) | 2021-12-29 |
KR102350224B1 (ko) | 2022-01-14 |
KR20200119336A (ko) | 2020-10-19 |
JP6583762B1 (ja) | 2019-10-02 |
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