WO2019171667A1 - 磁性体検査装置 - Google Patents
磁性体検査装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019171667A1 WO2019171667A1 PCT/JP2018/043144 JP2018043144W WO2019171667A1 WO 2019171667 A1 WO2019171667 A1 WO 2019171667A1 JP 2018043144 W JP2018043144 W JP 2018043144W WO 2019171667 A1 WO2019171667 A1 WO 2019171667A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnetic
- detection
- magnetic field
- magnetic body
- steel wire
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators
- B66B5/02—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions
- B66B5/12—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators responsive to abnormal operating conditions in case of rope or cable slack
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
- B66B7/00—Other common features of elevators
- B66B7/12—Checking, lubricating, or cleaning means for ropes, cables or guides
- B66B7/1207—Checking means
- B66B7/1215—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables
- B66B7/123—Checking means specially adapted for ropes or cables by analysing magnetic variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/83—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws by investigating stray magnetic fields
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a magnetic substance inspection apparatus, and more particularly to a magnetic substance inspection apparatus that inspects the state of a plurality of magnetic substances.
- a magnetic substance inspection device for inspecting the state of a plurality of magnetic substances.
- Such a magnetic substance inspection apparatus is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-89172.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-89172 discloses a magnetization detection unit having a plurality of guide paths for guiding each of a plurality of wire ropes and having an excitation unit including a permanent magnet and a detection coil below each guide path.
- a magnetic substance inspection apparatus including The magnetic body inspection apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-89172 magnetizes a wire rope by a permanent magnet, and detects the state of the wire rope by a leakage magnetic flux method in which a magnetic field leaking from the surface of the wire rope is detected by a detection coil. It is configured to inspect.
- the detection coil disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-89172 is formed in a concave curved surface shape that follows the shape of the guide path.
- the leakage magnetic flux method performed by the magnetic substance inspection apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-89172 detects the magnetic field leaking from the surface of the magnetized wire rope with the detection coil, so that the inside of the wire rope It is difficult to accurately detect a scratch or a scratch on a portion of the wire rope that does not face the detection coil. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to accurately inspect a plurality of wire ropes.
- the magnetic substance inspection apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-89172 has a problem in that the number of parts increases because a permanent magnet is provided for each guide path.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and one object of the present invention is to suppress the increase in the number of parts while maintaining the state of a plurality of magnetic bodies (presence or absence of scratches, etc.). ) Can be inspected with high accuracy.
- a magnetic body inspection apparatus is a magnetic body inspection apparatus that inspects the states of a plurality of magnetic bodies by a total magnetic flux method for measuring magnetic flux inside the magnetic body, A plurality of detection coils for detecting each magnetic field of the magnetic material, an excitation unit provided for each of the plurality of magnetic materials, a detection signal output unit for outputting a detection signal based on each magnetic field of the magnetic material, and Is provided.
- the term “scratches etc.” of a magnetic material refers to the detection direction caused by threading, local wear, wire breakage, dents, corrosion, cracks, breakage, etc. (Including those caused by voids when it occurs) Changes in cross-sectional area, magnetic body rust, weld burn, impurity contamination, changes in magnetic permeability caused by composition changes, and other parts where the magnetic body is non-uniform It is a broad concept.
- the change in the magnetic field is due to a temporal change in the strength of the magnetic field detected by the detection unit by relatively moving the magnetic body and the detection unit, and a time change in the magnetic field applied to the magnetic body. This is a broad concept including temporal changes in the strength of the magnetic field detected by the detector.
- the magnetic body inspection apparatus includes a plurality of detection coils for detecting each magnetic field of the magnetic body, and an excitation unit provided for each of the plurality of magnetic bodies.
- the inspection is performed by measuring the magnetic flux (total magnetic flux) inside the magnetic body. Therefore, it is possible to detect a flaw based on a change in the magnetic flux inside the magnetic material, regardless of the position of the magnetic material.
- the magnetic field which arises from each magnetic body can be each detected by the some detection coil which detects each magnetic field of a magnetic body.
- the multiple magnetic bodies are measured using the leakage magnetic flux method that measures the magnetic flux leaking from the surface of the magnetic body.
- the state (presence / absence of scratches) of a plurality of magnetic bodies can be inspected with high accuracy.
- it is possible to apply a magnetic field to a plurality of magnetic bodies at one time by one excitation unit compared to the case where one excitation unit is provided for one detection coil (magnetic body). It is possible to suppress an increase in the number of parts. Therefore, it is possible to accurately inspect the states (the presence or absence of scratches, etc.) of a plurality of magnetic bodies while suppressing an increase in the number of parts.
- the plurality of detection coils are provided so as to surround each of the magnetic bodies, and one excitation unit is provided for the plurality of magnetic bodies. Is provided. If comprised in this way, a magnetic field can be applied with the one excitation part with respect to the several magnetic body each surrounded by the detection coil.
- each detection coil can be arranged in each of the regions through which the magnetic substance passes, so that the apparatus is compared with a configuration in which each detection coil does not surround the magnetic substance. An increase in size can be suppressed.
- the excitation unit is preferably configured to surround a plurality of detection coils. If comprised in this way, a some detection coil can be easily arrange
- the detection coil includes a pair of differential coils
- the excitation unit is configured to surround a plurality of sets of differential coils.
- the magnetic body is preferably made of a long material, and the plurality of detection coils are positioned at least adjacent to each other in the direction in which the plurality of long materials extend. It arrange
- the magnetic body inspection apparatus further includes a magnetic field application unit that applies a magnetic field to the magnetic body and applies a magnetic field in a predetermined direction to the magnetic body, It is configured to detect a change in the magnetic field of the magnetic material to which the magnetic field is applied in advance by the unit. If comprised in this way, since a magnetic field is previously applied with respect to a magnetic body, the direction of magnetization of a magnetic body can be made substantially constant. As a result, it is possible to reduce the noise of the detection signal output from the detection signal output unit, and to improve the S / N ratio of the detection signal. Therefore, by improving the S / N ratio of the detection signal, it is possible to more accurately inspect the states of the plurality of magnetic bodies (whether there are scratches or the like).
- the magnetic body inspection apparatus further includes a determination unit that determines each state of the magnetic body based on a plurality of detection signals output by the detection signal output unit.
- a threshold signal indicating that each of the detection signals exceeds the predetermined threshold is output to the outside for each magnetic body. Has been. If comprised in this way, the site
- the excitation unit includes an excitation coil provided so as to be wound around the plurality of detection coils, and the excitation coil extends in a direction in which the magnetic body extends.
- Each of the plurality of detection coils is configured to detect a change in each magnetic field of the magnetic body caused by applying the magnetic field by the excitation coil. If comprised in this way, since the magnetization state of parts, such as a damage
- a magnetic body inspection apparatus capable of accurately inspecting the state (the presence or absence of scratches, etc.) of a plurality of magnetic bodies while suppressing an increase in the number of parts. be able to.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view taken along line 500-500 in FIG. 3 of the magnetic substance inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view taken along the line 600-600 in FIG. 3 of the magnetic substance inspection apparatus according to the first embodiment. It is the schematic diagram (A) and schematic diagram (B) for demonstrating the magnetization excitation of the exciting coil by 1st Embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram (A) to (C) showing a case where a steel wire rope has scratches and the like. It is the schematic diagram which looked at the magnetic body test
- the magnetic inspection apparatus 100 when the hoisting machine 402 winds the steel wire rope W, in the elevator 400 that can move the car 401 in the vertical direction (Z direction), the magnetic inspection apparatus 100 is It is an example in the case where it is configured to inspect the state of the steel wire rope W (whether there is a scratch or the like). As shown in FIG. 1, the magnetic substance inspection apparatus 100 is configured to inspect the state of the steel wire rope W (whether there is a scratch or the like) at a place where the steel wire rope W to be inspected is installed. Yes. Specifically, the magnetic substance inspection apparatus 100 is configured to inspect the state (the presence or absence of scratches, etc.) of the plurality of steel wire ropes W by the total magnetic flux method for measuring the magnetic flux inside the steel wire ropes W.
- the elevator 400 includes a plurality of steel wire ropes W.
- the X direction and the Y direction are two directions orthogonal to each other in a plane perpendicular to the direction in which the steel wire rope W extends.
- the steel wire rope W is an example of the “magnetic body” and the “long material” in the claims.
- the Z direction is an example of the “direction in which the long material extends” in the claims.
- the steel wire rope W is a magnetic body made of a long material extending in the Z direction, which is formed by knitting (for example, strand knitting) a magnetic wire material. Further, when the car 401 is moved, the steel wire rope W passes through the hoisting machine 402 and is subjected to stress by the pulley 403 and the like. The steel wire rope W deteriorates due to stress, such as a broken wire.
- the magnetic substance inspection apparatus 100 can detect the progress of deterioration of the steel wire rope W at an early stage by periodically inspecting the steel wire rope W. Therefore, when the steel wire rope W is deteriorated and needs to be replaced, the steel wire rope W can be replaced at an early stage.
- the magnetic substance inspection apparatus 100 includes a detection unit 1 and a determination unit 2.
- the detection unit 1 includes a plurality of detection coils 10 and an excitation unit 11.
- the detection coils 10 are each configured to detect each magnetic field of the steel wire rope W.
- the exciter 11 is configured to apply a magnetic field to each of the plurality of steel wire ropes W.
- the excitation unit 11 includes an excitation coil 13 (see FIG. 3).
- the determination unit 2 includes a detection signal output unit 12, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 20, an excitation interface 21, a digital output interface 22, and a power supply circuit 23.
- the determination unit 2 is configured to determine each state of the steel wire rope W based on the plurality of detection signals output from the detection signal output unit 12.
- the detection signal output unit 12 is configured to output a detection signal based on each magnetic field of the steel wire rope W detected by the detection coil 10.
- the detection signal output unit 12 includes an amplifier 24 and an AD converter 25.
- the amplifiers 24 amplify currents based on the magnetic field strength of the steel wire rope W detected by the detection coil 10 and output the amplified currents to the AD converter 25.
- the AD converter 25 converts the analog detection signal amplified by the amplifier 24 into a digital detection signal and outputs it to the CPU 20.
- the CPU 20 performs a process of removing the AC component from the detection signal output from the detection signal output unit 12. Further, the CPU 20 performs a synchronous detection rectification process for converting the signal into a signal (DC level signal) corresponding to a change in the absolute value of the detection signal. Further, the CPU 20 outputs an alarm signal when the detection signal exceeds a predetermined threshold Th described later.
- the excitation interface 21 supplies (outputs) an alternating current to the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13). Further, the CPU 20 controls the intensity of the current output from the excitation interface 21. Further, the CPU 20 determines the size of the steel wire rope W such as a scratch.
- the digital output interface 22 is connected to an external PC (not shown) and outputs digital data of processed detection signals and alarm signals.
- the external PC stores the magnitude of the input signal in a memory and displays a graph with the passage of time of the signal magnitude.
- the power supply circuit 23 is connected to an external power supply and is configured as a power supply that supplies power to each part of the magnetic substance inspection apparatus 100.
- the CPU 20 when the detection signal output by the detection signal output unit 12 exceeds the first threshold Th1, the CPU 20 outputs a first threshold signal indicating that the detection signal has exceeded the first threshold Th1 to the outside.
- the second threshold signal indicating that the detection signal exceeds the second threshold Th2 is output to the outside.
- Each of the first threshold Th1 and the second threshold Th2 is an example of a “predetermined threshold” in the claims.
- the elevator 400 has a plurality of steel wire ropes W. Specifically, the elevator 400 has four steel wire ropes W arranged in the X direction. The steel wire ropes W are arranged in the X direction at intervals P, respectively.
- the detection coil 10 is provided in each of the plurality of steel wire ropes W, and is configured to detect the magnetic field of each of the steel wire ropes W.
- the detection unit 1 includes four detection coils 10. One excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) is provided for a plurality of steel wire ropes W.
- the detection signal output unit 12 is configured to output a detection signal based on each magnetic field of the steel wire rope W.
- each of the plurality of detection coils 10 is provided so as to surround the periphery of the steel wire rope W, and the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) is connected to the plurality of steel wire ropes W.
- each of the detection coils 10 is a coil in which a conductive wire is wound around the steel wire rope W around the steel wire rope W in the extending direction (Z direction).
- the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) is configured to surround the plurality of detection coils 10.
- the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) is provided so as to be wound around the plurality of detection coils 10.
- the exciting coil 13 is configured to apply a magnetic field in the direction in which the steel wire rope W extends (Z direction).
- the excitation unit 11 surrounds four detection coils 10.
- the detection coil 10 and the excitation coil 13 are each held by a coil holding part (not shown).
- the length r1 in the Z direction of the excitation coil 13 is the distance r2 in the Z direction of the detection coil 10a, the length r2 in the Z direction of the detection coil 10b, and the distance between the detection coil 10a and the detection coil 10b. It is larger than the distance (2 ⁇ r2 + r3) obtained by adding r3. Further, the distance r3 between the detection coil 10a and the detection coil 10b is smaller than the interval P (see FIG. 3) between the steel wire ropes W in order to prevent detection of the magnetic field of the adjacent steel wire ropes W. Is preferred.
- the detection coil 10 includes a pair of differential coils 14, and the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) includes a plurality of sets of differential coils 14 (differential coils 14 a and differential coils 14 b). Is configured to surround.
- the differential coil 14a is configured by two detection coils 10 (the detection coil 10a and the detection coil 10b).
- the differential coil 14b is configured by two detection coils 10 (a detection coil 10c and a detection coil 10d).
- two steel wire ropes W and two differential coils 14 at both ends of the four are illustrated. The remaining two steel wire ropes W (not shown) are also surrounded by the differential coil 14.
- FIG. 6A is a schematic diagram of a steel wire rope W passing through the inside of the detection unit 1.
- FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram when the magnetization state of the steel wire rope W is excited by applying a magnetic field in the Z direction by the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) provided in the detection unit 1. .
- the magnetic substance inspection device 100 inspects the state of the steel wire rope W (whether there is a scratch or the like) by the total magnetic flux method.
- each of the plurality of detection coils 10 is configured to detect a change in each magnetic field of the steel wire rope W that is generated when a magnetic field is applied by the excitation coil 13.
- the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) saturates the magnetic field in the steel wire rope W.
- FIG. 6A is an example in which the magnetic field inside the steel wire rope W is saturated in the Z direction.
- the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) is configured to saturate the magnetic field of the steel wire rope W by generating a magnetic field inside by an alternating current (excitation current) from the excitation interface 21. ing. Since the excitation current from the excitation interface 21 is an alternating current, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) changes. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 6B, an alternating current (excitation current) having a constant magnitude and a constant frequency is passed from the excitation interface 21 to the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13).
- a magnetic field is applied so as to vibrate in the direction in which the steel wire rope W extends (Z direction) (a magnetic field in the Z1 direction and a magnetic field in the Z2 direction appear periodically).
- the magnitude (strength) of magnetization of the steel wire rope W changes due to the time-varying magnetic field, and the magnetic field emitted from the steel wire rope W also changes with time.
- the magnetic field due to the same portion of the steel wire rope W changes over time without changing the relative position between the steel wire rope W and the detection coil 10, so that the detection wire 10 detects the change in the magnetic field.
- the state of W can be determined.
- FIG. 7 is an example of a steel wire rope W with scratches and the like.
- how the strands are knitted is shown in a simplified manner.
- the steel wire rope W of FIG. 7 (A) the strand of the surface part is disconnected. For this reason, the magnetic field leaks from the portion where the wire breakage occurs.
- the steel wire rope W of FIG.7 (B) the dent has arisen in the surface part by thread or a dent.
- the wire breakage has arisen inside the steel wire rope W of FIG.7 (C).
- the cross-sectional areas SA1, SA2, and SA3 at the positions with these scratches are smaller than the cross-sectional areas SA0 of the portions without the scratches or the like, the total magnetic flux of the steel wire rope W (the magnetic The value obtained by multiplying by the area becomes smaller at the part with scratches. As described above, since the total magnetic flux is reduced in a portion having a scratch or the like, the detected magnetic field changes.
- the value of the detection voltage of the detection coil 10a located at a place where there is a scratch or the like decreases compared to the detection coil 10b.
- the difference value (detection signal) increases. That is, the detection signal in a portion without a scratch is substantially zero, and the detection signal has a value larger than zero in a portion with a scratch or the like. Therefore, a clear signal (S / N ratio signal) is detected. Accordingly, the determination unit 2 can detect the presence of a scratch or the like on the steel wire rope W based on the difference value of the detection signals.
- the detection signal increases as the size of the scratches (the amount of decrease in the cross-sectional area) increases, the scratches that are larger than a certain degree when determining (evaluating) the size of the scratches, etc. If there is, it is possible to automatically determine that the detection signal has exceeded a predetermined first threshold Th1 or second threshold Th2. Note that a flaw or the like includes a change in magnetic permeability due to rust or the like, and similarly appears as a detection signal.
- the excitation unit 11 since an alternating current is applied from the excitation interface 21 to the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13), the excitation unit 11 (without the relative movement of the steel wire rope W and the detection unit 1). It is possible to determine the state of the steel wire rope W arranged in the exciting coil 13) (whether there is a scratch or the like). Therefore, in the first embodiment, the movement of the detection unit 1 for the length r1 in the Z direction of the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) and the determination of the state of the steel wire rope W (whether there is a scratch or the like) are repeated. Thus, the state of the steel wire rope W as a whole (whether there is a scratch or the like) is determined.
- the magnetic body inspection apparatus 100 is a magnetic body inspection apparatus that inspects the states of a plurality of steel wire ropes W by the total magnetic flux method for measuring the magnetic flux inside the steel wire ropes W.
- a detection signal output unit 12 for outputting the signals.
- the excitation part 11 Compared with the case where the excitation part 11 is provided, it can suppress that a number of parts increases. Therefore, it is possible to accurately inspect the state (the presence or absence of scratches, etc.) of the plurality of steel wire ropes W while suppressing an increase in the number of parts.
- the plurality of detection coils 10 are provided so as to surround each of the steel wire ropes W, and the excitation unit 11 includes the plurality of steel wire ropes W.
- the excitation unit 11 includes the plurality of steel wire ropes W.
- One is provided.
- each detection coil 10 can be arranged in each of the regions through which the steel wire rope W passes, so that each detection coil 10 does not surround the steel wire rope W.
- the excitation unit 11 is configured to surround the plurality of detection coils 10. Thereby, the some detection coil 10 can be arrange
- the detection coil 10 includes a pair of differential coils 14, and the excitation unit 11 is configured to surround a plurality of sets of differential coils 14.
- the state (the presence or absence of scratches, etc.) of the plurality of steel wire ropes W can be inspected by applying a magnetic field by one excitation unit 11.
- a magnetic field can be applied to the differential coil 14 capable of suppressing the influence of an external magnetic field at a time by one excitation unit 11, so that the state of the steel wire rope W ( It is possible to improve the accuracy of the inspection of the presence or absence of scratches and the like, and to simplify the apparatus configuration.
- the determination part 2 which further determines each state of the steel wire rope W based on the some detection signal output by the detection signal output part 12 is further provided, and a determination part 2, when the detection signal output by the detection signal output unit 12 exceeds a predetermined threshold Th (first threshold Th1 and second threshold Th2), each of the detection signals is a predetermined threshold Th (first threshold Th1). And a threshold signal (a first threshold signal and a second threshold signal) indicating that the second threshold Th2 has been exceeded is output to each steel wire rope W to the outside.
- a threshold signal a first threshold signal and a second threshold signal
- the excitation part 11 contains the excitation coil 13 provided so that it might wind so that the some detection coil 10 might be surrounded, and the excitation coil 13 is a steel wire rope.
- Each of the plurality of detection coils 10 is configured to apply a magnetic field in a direction in which W extends (Z direction), and each of the plurality of detection coils 10 has a magnetic field applied to each of the steel wire ropes W generated by the excitation coil 13. It is configured to detect changes. Thereby, since the magnetizing state of the portion of the steel wire rope W such as a flaw is excited by the exciting coil 13, a change in the magnetic field can be easily detected from the portion of the steel wire rope W such as a flaw.
- the magnetic field of the steel wire rope W also changes over time. Therefore, the magnetic field detected by the detection coil 10 can be changed and detected without moving the steel wire rope W and the detection coil 10 relative to each other.
- inspection apparatus 200 (refer FIG. 2) by 2nd Embodiment is demonstrated.
- the magnetic substance inspection apparatus 200 according to the second embodiment is arranged such that the positions of at least adjacent detection coils 10 in the Z direction are shifted from each other.
- the plurality of detection coils 10 are arranged so that at least the positions of the adjacent detection coils 10 are shifted from each other in the direction (Z direction) in which the plurality of steel wire ropes W extend.
- the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) is configured to surround a plurality of detection coils 10 that are arranged at different positions.
- the plurality of detection coils 10 are arranged such that at least adjacent detection coils 10 overlap in the Z direction. Since the plurality of detection coils 10 are arranged so as to overlap in the Z direction, the size of the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) in the X direction can be reduced, and the size of the detection unit 1 in the X direction can be reduced. The thickness can be reduced.
- the plurality of detection coils 10 are arranged so that at least the positions of the adjacent detection coils 10 are shifted from each other in the direction (Z direction) in which the plurality of steel wire ropes W extend.
- the excitation unit 11 is configured so as to surround a plurality of detection coils 10 that are arranged at different positions. Thereby, even when the space
- the magnetic substance inspection apparatus 200 can be used even when the intervals P between the plurality of steel wire ropes W are narrower than when the plurality of detection coils 10 are not shifted in the direction in which the steel wire rope W extends (Z direction). Since it becomes possible to test
- the magnetic material is a long material
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the magnetic body may be a thin plate other than a long material, an iron ball (bearing), or the like.
- the present invention can be used for general inspection of magnetic materials having a uniform structure.
- the magnetic body made of the long material is the steel wire rope W
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the magnetic body made of a long material may be a thin plate, a square member, a cylindrical pipe, a wire, a chain, or the like.
- the excitation interface 21 causes an alternating current to flow through the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13)
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the determination unit 2 may be configured to flow a direct current that does not change with time (becomes a constant value) to the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) by the excitation interface 21.
- a static magnetic field having a constant magnitude in the Z direction is generated in the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13).
- the magnetic field of the Z direction of the steel wire rope W in the detection position of the detection part 1 is carried out by moving the steel wire rope W relative to the detection part 1 at a constant speed which becomes substantially constant in the Z direction. Changes can be detected.
- the magnetic field detected by the detection coil 10 also changes with time.
- the detection coil 10 passes through a portion of the steel wire rope W that is not damaged, the magnitude of the magnetic field in the detection coil 10 in the Z direction is substantially constant, so that the detection signal also has a constant value.
- the detection coil 10 is located at a part of the steel wire rope W with a scratch or the like, the magnitude of the magnetic field at the detection position changes with time, so that the detection signal changes. Thereby, the state (presence / absence of scratches) of the steel wire rope W can be determined.
- the steel wire rope W was excited with the excitation part 11 (excitation coil 13), the example of the structure which detects the magnetic field of the steel wire rope W with the detection part 1 was shown, The present invention is not limited to this.
- a magnetic field is applied to the steel wire rope W at a position spaced in the direction (Z direction) in which the steel wire rope W extends from the detection unit 1, and a predetermined direction with respect to the steel wire rope W.
- the plurality of detection coils 10 may be configured to detect a change in the magnetic field of the steel wire rope W to which the magnetic field is applied in advance by the magnetic field application unit 30. .
- the magnetic field application unit 30 can apply a magnetic field to the steel wire rope W before the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) applies a magnetic field to the steel wire rope W. It is provided at a position separated from the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) in the Z direction.
- the magnetic field application unit 30 includes a plurality of magnets arranged in the X direction, and is configured to apply a magnetic field in the X direction to the plurality of steel wire ropes W.
- the magnetic field is applied to the steel wire rope W in advance, the direction of magnetization of the steel wire rope W can be made substantially constant.
- the noise of the detection signal output from the detection signal output unit 12 can be reduced, and the S / N ratio of the detection signal can be improved. Therefore, by improving the S / N ratio of the detection signal, it is possible to more accurately inspect the state of the plurality of steel wire ropes W (whether there is a scratch or the like).
- the structure which has one magnet with respect to several steel wire rope W like the magnetic field application part 31 of FIG.
- the magnetic field application unit 31 includes a magnet in which a length r4 in the X direction of the N pole and the S pole is larger than a distance r5 in the X direction in which a plurality of steel wire ropes W are arranged.
- the magnetic field application unit 31 is arranged so that the N pole and the S pole face each other in the Y direction with a plurality of steel wire ropes W sandwiched therebetween. Therefore, the magnetic field application unit 31 can apply a magnetic field from the Y direction to the plurality of steel wire ropes W.
- the cylindrical coil (the detection coil 10 and the excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13)) is provided so as to surround the steel wire rope W.
- the detection coil 10 may use a cylindrical coil 40 in which two semi-cylindrical (horse-shoe) coil portions 40a and two coil portions 40b are combined.
- the exciting portion 11 (exciting coil 13) may use an elliptical cylindrical coil 50 in which two semi-elliptical cylindrical (horse-shoe-shaped) coil portions 50a and 50b are combined.
- the detection coil 10 and the excitation coil 13 may be a rectangular tube-shaped detection coil 60 and an excitation coil 70.
- the differential coil 14 is good also as the differential coil 80 which has the square-tube-shaped detection coil 60a and the detection coil 60b.
- the determination unit 2 determines that the detection signal output from the detection coil 10 (detection unit 1) exceeds a predetermined threshold Th (first threshold Th1 and second threshold Th2).
- a predetermined threshold Th first threshold Th1 and second threshold Th2
- the determination unit 2 counts the number N of times that the detection signal exceeds the threshold Th, and when the counted number N exceeds a predetermined number M, the counted number N becomes the predetermined number M. You may comprise so that the signal which shows exceeding may be output outside. Thereby, the determination part 2 can count the frequency
- the determination unit 2 compares the number N of times the threshold Th was exceeded during the previous measurement with the number N of times the threshold Th was exceeded during the current measurement, so It may be configured to determine a general change (for example, a progress speed of deterioration). Further, the number of the predetermined threshold Th may be one or a plurality (for example, three) other than two.
- inspection apparatus 100 (200) showed the example of the structure which test
- the number of magnetic bodies to be inspected by the magnetic body inspection apparatus 100 (200) may be any number.
- excitation coil 13 In the first and second embodiments, an example in which one excitation unit 11 (excitation coil 13) surrounds four detection coils 10 (four steel wire ropes W) has been described. Not limited to.
- the excitation part 11 (excitation coil 13) should just be comprised so that the two or more detection coils 10 (magnetic body) may be surrounded.
- all the detection coils 10 provided in the magnetic substance inspection apparatus 100 (200) are connected to one excitation unit 11.
- a configuration surrounded by (excitation coil 13) is preferable.
- inspection of the some steel wire rope W provided in the elevator 400 was shown, this invention is limited to this. Absent.
- the magnetic substance inspection apparatus 100 (200) can be applied to a device and infrastructure using wires, for example, a moving device such as a ropeway, and a plurality of wire portions such as a suspension bridge and a bridge pier. Furthermore, it is applicable not only to wires but also to various uses for measuring damage to a plurality of magnetic materials such as water and sewage piping, gas pipes, and pipelines.
- the determination unit 2 may further include a notification unit that notifies a determination result such as a detection signal. If comprised in this way, the determination result can be alert
- the determination unit 2 may further include a communication unit that transmits a detection signal or a signal based on the detection signal to an external device.
- the signal (for example, determination result signal) based on the detection signal acquired by the detection part 1 or a detection signal can be transmitted to an external device.
- the operator can perform signal analysis or the like based on the detection signal or a signal based on the detection signal by an external device.
- the surface of the magnetic material is mainly detected as a “scratch or the like” of the magnetic material, but the wire is broken (the wire is broken if it is not a complete wire rope). Changes in thickness, corrosion (rust), cracks, and non-uniform magnetic permeability are also included in the detection target. Further, the detection target is not limited to the surface of the magnetic material, but may be inside. In addition, any state that causes magnetic field or magnetic field non-uniformity of the magnetic material can be detected as “the state of the magnetic material”.
- the magnetic field in addition to the change in the magnetic field observed in the vicinity of the magnetic material to which the magnetic field is applied when the magnetic field is applied from the outside, the magnetic field is not applied from the outside. This includes changes in the magnetic field generated from the magnetic material itself.
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Abstract
Description
まず、図1~図7を参照して、第1実施形態による磁性体検査装置100の構成について説明する。磁性体検査装置100が、エレベータ400のかご401の移動に用いられるスチールワイヤロープWを検査する例について説明する。
次に、図2~図5を参照して、第1実施形態における磁性体検査装置100の構成について説明する。
次に、図6および図7を参照して、第1実施形態における検知部1および判定部2がスチールワイヤロープWの状態を検査する構成について説明する。
第1実施形態では、以下のような効果を得ることができる。
次に、図2および図8を参照して、第2実施形態による磁性体検査装置200(図2参照)の構成について説明する。第2実施形態による磁性体検査装置200は、第1実施形態とは異なり、検知コイル10はZ方向において少なくとも隣り合う検知コイル10同士の位置が互いにずれるように配置されている。
第2実施形態では、上記のように、複数の検知コイル10は、複数のスチールワイヤロープWが延びる方向(Z方向)において、少なくとも隣り合う検知コイル10同士の位置が互いにずれるように配置されており、励磁部11は、位置をずらして配置された複数の検知コイル10を取り囲むように構成されている。これにより、複数のスチールワイヤロープWの間隔Pが狭い場合でも、スチールワイヤロープWが延びる方向(Z方向)において複数の検知コイル10をずらして配置することにより、検知コイル10同士をスチールワイヤロープWが延びる方向(Z方向)においてオーバーラップさせて配置することができる。その結果、複数の検知コイル10をスチールワイヤロープWが延びる方向(Z方向)においてずらして配置しない場合と比較して、複数のスチールワイヤロープWの間隔Pが狭い場合でも磁性体検査装置200を用いて検査することが可能となるので、磁性体検査装置200を適用可能な範囲を広げることができる。
なお、今回開示された実施形態は、すべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。本発明の範囲は、上記した実施形態の説明ではなく、請求の範囲によって示され、さらに請求の範囲と均等の意味および範囲内でのすべての変更(変形例)が含まれる。
11、70 励磁部
12 検知信号出力部
13 励磁コイル
14、80 差動コイル
30 磁界印加部
40 円筒型コイル(検知コイル)
50 楕円筒型コイル(励磁部、励磁コイル)
100、200 磁性体検査装置
Th 所定の閾値
Th1 所定の第1閾値
Th2 所定の第2閾値
Z方向 長尺材が延びる方向
W スチールワイヤロープ(磁性体、長尺材)
Claims (8)
- 磁性体内部の磁束を測定する全磁束法により複数の磁性体の状態を検査する磁性体検査装置であって、
前記磁性体の各々の磁界を検知する複数の検知コイルと、
複数の前記磁性体に対して1つ設けられた励磁部と、
前記磁性体の各々の磁界に基づく検知信号をそれぞれ出力する検知信号出力部とを備える、磁性体検査装置。 - 複数の前記検知コイルは、それぞれ、前記磁性体の各々の周囲を囲むように設けられており、
前記励磁部は、複数の前記磁性体に対して1つ設けられている、請求項1に記載の磁性体検査装置。 - 前記励磁部は、複数の前記検知コイルを取り囲むように構成されている、請求項1に記載の磁性体検査装置。
- 前記検知コイルは、1対の差動コイルを含み、
前記励磁部は、複数組の前記差動コイルを取り囲むように構成されている、請求項3に記載の磁性体検査装置。 - 前記磁性体は、長尺材からなり、
複数の前記検知コイルは、複数の前記長尺材が延びる方向において、少なくとも隣り合う前記検知コイル同士の位置が互いにずれるように配置されており、
前記励磁部は、位置をずらして配置された複数の前記検知コイルを取り囲むように構成されている、請求項1に記載の磁性体検査装置。 - 前記磁性体に対して磁界を印加し前記磁性体に対して所定方向の磁界を印加する磁界印加部をさらに備え、
複数の前記検知コイルは、前記磁界印加部により予め磁界が印加された前記磁性体の磁界の変化を検知するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の磁性体検査装置。 - 前記検知信号出力部により出力された複数の前記検知信号に基づいて前記磁性体の各々の状態の判定を行う判定部をさらに備え、
前記判定部は、前記検知信号出力部により出力された前記検知信号の各々が所定の閾値を超えた場合に、前記検知信号の各々が前記所定の閾値を超えたことを示す閾値信号を、前記磁性体ごとに外部に出力するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の磁性体検査装置。 - 前記励磁部は、複数の前記検知コイルを取り囲むように巻回されるように設けられた励磁コイルを含み、
前記励磁コイルは、前記磁性体が延びる方向に磁界を印加するように構成されており、
複数の前記検知コイルは、それぞれ、前記励磁コイルにより磁界が印加されることにより生じる前記磁性体の各々の磁界の変化を検知するように構成されている、請求項1に記載の磁性体検査装置。
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US20210107770A1 (en) | 2021-04-15 |
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