WO2019107421A1 - Four à lit fluidisé - Google Patents

Four à lit fluidisé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019107421A1
WO2019107421A1 PCT/JP2018/043805 JP2018043805W WO2019107421A1 WO 2019107421 A1 WO2019107421 A1 WO 2019107421A1 JP 2018043805 W JP2018043805 W JP 2018043805W WO 2019107421 A1 WO2019107421 A1 WO 2019107421A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
gas
fluidized bed
partition wall
flowable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2018/043805
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
祐司 小川
五十嵐　実
前川　勇
敬哲 清水
貞行 武藤
元 清瀧
康二 福本
隆平 山田
利紀 村岡
熊田　憲彦
貴大 山口
Original Assignee
川崎重工業株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 川崎重工業株式会社 filed Critical 川崎重工業株式会社
Priority to BR112020010593-7A priority Critical patent/BR112020010593A2/pt
Priority to CN201880076378.6A priority patent/CN111630319B/zh
Publication of WO2019107421A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019107421A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C10/00—Fluidised bed combustion apparatus
    • F23C10/18—Details; Accessories
    • F23C10/20—Inlets for fluidisation air, e.g. grids; Bottoms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/30—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having a fluidised bed

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the configuration of an internal circulation type fluidized bed furnace.
  • a fluidized bed furnace in which a fluidized bed is formed in which a fluidized medium filled in the lower part of the furnace is made to flow with a flowing gas blown from a furnace bottom.
  • the fluidized bed furnace has an internal circulation system and an external circulation system.
  • the fluidized bed is divided into a combustion chamber and a heat recovery chamber, and the fluid medium is circulated and flowed between these two chambers. , Combustion and heat recovery are performed in the fluidized bed.
  • An internal circulation type fluidized bed furnace of this kind is disclosed, for example, in Patent Document 1.
  • the fluidized bed is divided into three cells by the first partition and the second partition, and the flowable gas whose flow rate is adjusted independently below or under each cell is A supply air box or air diffuser is provided.
  • fuel combustion target
  • a heat transfer pipe is provided to perform heat recovery.
  • the first cell and the second cell are divided by the first partition so that the lower side communicates with each other, and the second cell and the third cell are divided by the second partition such that the upper side and the lower side communicate with each other.
  • the fluidizing medium moves from the lower part of the first cell to the third cell across the second partition via the second cell and circulates from the lower part of the third cell to the second cell and the first cell by the flowable gas .
  • a gas distribution plate is provided at the furnace bottom with a wind box at the bottom and a large number of nozzles are formed at the top of the wind box, and the gas in the wind box is a gas dispersion plate It is configured to blow out into the furnace bottom or into the fluidized bed via As described in Patent Document 1, instead of the air box, a configuration in which the fluidizing gas is supplied by a diffuser is also proposed, but a specific aspect is not shown.
  • the inventors of the present application are examining the supply of gas for fluidization using a diffusion tube in an internal circulation type fluidized bed furnace.
  • the nozzles can be appropriately dispersed and disposed on the furnace plane, so that the flowable gas is uniformly dispersed on the furnace plane.
  • it is difficult to distribute the air outlets in the furnace plane in the case of a straight-line aeration tube it is difficult to form a circulating flow of the fluid medium by supplying the gas for fluidization by means of the aeration tube. It is necessary to determine the layout of the aeration tube etc. in consideration of
  • a fluidized bed furnace is A fluid medium layer comprising a fluid medium, A flowable gas supply device for supplying a flowable gas for flowing the flowable medium from the bottom of the flowable medium bed; A plurality of parallel partition walls for dividing the fluidized medium layer into a first cell, a second cell, and a heat transfer pipe which are provided for the combustion of fuel to be subjected to heat recovery, the first cell being a first cell And a second partition wall for communicating the lower side with the second cell, and a height level of a lower end of the first partition wall is lower than that of the first partition wall, and the third cell and the second cell are upper side And a partition wall including a second partition wall communicating with the lower side,
  • the flow gas supply device is the bottom of each of the first to third cells, and is lower than the lower end of the partition wall, so that the partition wall does not overlap in plan view with the partition wall in plan view And a plurality of aeration tubes arranged in parallel with
  • the flowable gas blown out from the aeration pipe is well dispersed in each cell without blocking the flow of the flowable medium.
  • the flow medium in each cell is urged to flow according to the flow direction of the cell. Therefore, in the internal circulation type fluidized bed furnace, if the above-described features of the fluidized bed furnace are applied, the flow medium can be favorably circulated and moved by the supply of the flowable gas using the diffusion pipe.
  • the superficial velocity of the fluidizing gas of the second cell is larger than the superficial velocity of the fluidizing gas of the first cell, and the first gas The flowing gas may be blown out from the aeration tube such that the superficial velocity of the flow gas in the cell is higher than the superficial velocity of the flow gas in the third cell.
  • the fluid medium circulates from the first cell to the third cell through the second cell, and further, from the third cell to the first cell.
  • the aeration pipe may be provided so as to be insertable into and removable from the furnace body.
  • the aeration pipes may be connected by a header for each cell, and a flow gas supply pipe provided with a flow rate adjusting means may be connected to each header.
  • the superficial velocity of the fluidizing gas of the second cell is the fluid velocity of the first cell It arranges to each cell so that the superficial velocity of the flow gas of the first cell is larger than the superficial velocity of the flow gas and the superficial velocity of the flow gas of the third cell is larger.
  • the present invention in the internal circulation type fluidized bed furnace, it is possible to realize the supply of the flowable gas using the diffusion pipe.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a combustion system including a fluidized bed furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view showing a schematic configuration of a fluidized bed furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the fluidized bed portion of the fluidized bed furnace.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the furnace bottom showing the layout of the aeration tube.
  • combustion system 100 First, the configuration of a combustion system 100 including a fluidized bed furnace 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • the combustion system 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a system that burns fuel (combustion target) such as coal, biomass, RDF, municipal waste, and industrial waste, and recovers its exhaust heat.
  • fuel combustion target
  • FIG. 1 is a system that burns fuel (combustion target) such as coal, biomass, RDF, municipal waste, and industrial waste, and recovers its exhaust heat.
  • the combustion system 100 comprises a fluidized bed furnace 1 for burning fuel.
  • the flue gas system 3 of the fluidized bed furnace 1 is provided with a heat exchange device 31, a cyclone dust collector 32, a bag filter 33, and an induction blower 34 which is an induction fan. Exhaust heat from the fluidized bed furnace 1 is recovered by the heat exchanger 31 and dust is separated by the cyclone type dust collector 32 and the bag filter 33, and a part thereof is discharged out of the system through a chimney not shown by the induction blower 34. Be done.
  • An exhaust gas recirculation system 4 is connected to the downstream side of the bag filter 33 of the combustion exhaust gas system 3.
  • a gas recirculation blower 40 is provided in the exhaust gas recirculation system 4, and a part of the combustion exhaust gas of the combustion exhaust gas system 3 is returned to the fluidized bed furnace 1 by the gas recirculation blower 40.
  • the flue gas returned to the fluidized bed furnace 1 by the flue gas recirculation system 4 is used as a fluidizing gas (primary combustion gas), a secondary combustion gas, and a tertiary combustion gas.
  • the fluidized bed furnace 1 shown in FIG. 2 is an operation control device for controlling the operation of the fluidized bed furnace 1 and a furnace main body 10 provided with a combustion chamber consisting of a fluidized bed portion 11 at the lower part of the furnace and a freeboard portion 12 above it. And a fluidized bed monitoring device 9.
  • a throttle portion 13 At the lower portion of the freeboard portion 12, there is a throttle portion 13 in which the gas passage cross-sectional area is narrowed as compared with the remaining portion of the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion gas flows upward from the bottom, and in the flue connected to the upper portion of the freeboard portion 12, a heat transfer pipe constituting the heat exchange device 31 is installed.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the fluidized bed portion 11.
  • the fluidizing bed 11 is provided with a fluidizing medium bed 51 filled with a fluidizing medium such as silica sand, and a fluidizing gas supply apparatus for supplying fluidizing gas from the bottom to the fluidizing medium bed 51.
  • An internal circulating fluidized bed is formed by 52 and partition walls 41 and 42 which divide the fluidized medium layer 51 into three cells 61, 62 and 63.
  • the first partition wall 41 divides the lower portion of the furnace main body 10 including the fluidized bed portion 11 into a combustion area 53 and a heat recovery area 54.
  • the second partition wall 42 is provided close to the first partition wall 41 and in parallel with the first partition wall 41 in the heat recovery region 54.
  • the fluidized bed portion 11 is formed by the partition walls 41 and 42 between the first side wall 10 a of the furnace main body 10 and the first partition wall 41, the “combustion cell 61”, the first partition wall 41 and the second Three cells of “circulating cell 62” formed between partition wall 42 and “heat collecting cell 63” formed between second partition wall 42 and second side wall 10 b of furnace main body 10 It is divided.
  • the heat collection cell 63 is provided with a heat transfer pipe 64 such as a superheater pipe or an evaporator pipe. Heat recovery is performed by the heat medium passing through the heat transfer tube 64.
  • a combustion chamber extending linearly in the vertical direction is formed above the combustion area 53.
  • a ceiling wall 43 closing the upper portion of the heat recovery area 54 is provided above the heat recovery area 54.
  • the upper end of the first partition wall 41 is close to the ceiling wall 43, and an upper communication port serving as an unburned gas supply port 68 is formed between the upper end of the first partition wall 41 and the ceiling wall 43.
  • the lower end of the first partition wall 41 is higher than the lower end of the second partition wall 42, whereby a lower communication port 55 through which the fluid medium flows is formed in the lower portion of the first partition wall 41.
  • communication ports 56, 57 are formed, which communicate the circulation cell 62 with the heat collecting cell 63 and through which the fluid medium flows.
  • the flow gas supply device 52 supplies the flow gas whose flow rate is independently adjusted to each of the combustion cell 61, the circulation cell 62, and the heat collection cell 63.
  • the flow gas supply device 52 supplies the flow gas whose flow rate is independently adjusted to each of the combustion cell 61, the circulation cell 62, and the heat collection cell 63.
  • the air diffusion pipe 80 is connected by a header for each of the cells 61, 62, 63, and each header is a flow provided with flow rate adjusting means 81a, 82a, 83a such as a damper (or valve) and flowmeters 81b, 82b, 83b.
  • the gas supply pipes 81, 82, 83 are connected.
  • Air is supplied by the pushing blower 79.
  • an exhaust gas recirculation system 4 is connected to a flow gas supply pipe 83 connected to the air diffusion pipe 80 disposed at the bottom of the heat collection cell 63.
  • the operation control device 15 detects each flow gas based on detection values of temperature sensors (not shown) for detecting the temperatures of the combustion cells 61 and the heat collection cells 63 in the flow medium layer 51 and the flowmeters 81b, 82b, 83b, etc.
  • the flow rate adjusting means 81a, 82a, 83a are operated so as to adjust the flow rate of the flowing gas in the supply pipes 81, 82, 83. From the bottom of the combustion cell 61 and the circulation cell 62, air is blown out as a flow gas, and from the bottom of the heat collection cell 63, combustion exhaust gas is blown out as a flow gas.
  • the superficial velocity of the flowable gas of the combustion cell 61 is larger than the superficial velocity of the flowable gas of the heat collection cell 63, and the superficial velocity of the flowable gas of the circulation cell 62 is equal to that of the combustion cell 61.
  • the flow rate of the flowable gas is adjusted to be greater than the superficial velocity of the flowable gas and the superficial velocity of the flowable gas of the heat collection cell 63.
  • a fuel inlet 65 is opened immediately above the surface layer portion of the fluidized bed portion 11 at the time of operation and in the first side wall 10a.
  • the fuel inlet 65 is located on the upstream side of the flow of the combustion gas than the throttle portion 13.
  • Fuel is supplied to the fuel inlet 65 by a fuel supply device (not shown). The fuel introduced into the furnace from the fuel inlet 65 falls to the top of the combustion cell 61 of the fluidized bed portion 11.
  • an unburned gas supply port 68 is opened. From the unburned gas supply port 68, the air is blown out from the aeration pipe 80 disposed in the fluid medium layer 51 of the heat recovery area 54 into the fluid medium layer 51, and after passing through the fluid medium layer 51 The mixture is blown out as a secondary combustion gas.
  • a supply port for blowing out the secondary combustion gas may be provided.
  • a plurality of tertiary combustion gas supply ports 69 are opened in the furnace wall on the downstream side of the flow of the combustion gas than the unburned gas supply port 68.
  • the plurality of tertiary combustion gas supply ports 69 are provided to be dispersed at a plurality of height positions.
  • a temperature sensor 70 is provided on the furnace wall included in the diffusion area of the tertiary air blown out from the tertiary combustion gas supply port 69.
  • the air content of the tertiary combustion gas is adjusted by mixing the combustion exhaust gas with air.
  • flow control means 88, 89 such as dampers (or valves) are provided in the air supply path to the tertiary combustion gas supply port 69 and the combustion exhaust gas supply path.
  • the operation control device 15 maintains the flow rate of the tertiary combustion gas at the predetermined flow rate, and supplies the tertiary combustion gas to that point.
  • the flow rate adjusting means 88, 89 so that the air content of the tertiary combustion gas supplied to that point is increased. Adjust the opening of the.
  • the operation method of the fluidized bed furnace 1 of the said structure is demonstrated.
  • low air ratio combustion is performed in the fluidized bed portion 11. More specifically, while the total air ratio between the fluidized bed portion 11 and the freeboard portion 12 is set to a value larger than 1, the air ratio (ie, the primary air ratio) of the combustion cells 61 of the fluidized bed portion 11 and the freeboard Supply amounts of fluidizing air and secondary combustion gas to the combustion cell 61 so that the air ratio (secondary air ratio) around the fuel inlet 65 of the portion 12 is all less than 1; And / or its air content is adjusted.
  • the primary air ratio is lower than the secondary air ratio.
  • the primary air ratio may be 0.4 and the secondary air ratio may be 0.8.
  • the slow drying and thermal decomposition of the fuel generate combustible pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue.
  • Pyrolysis residue and fuel residue are at the bottom of the combustion cell 61, and are provided at the intermediate position between the first side wall 10a and the first partition wall 41 from the outlet 72 of the fluid medium and the incombustible material. It is discharged outside.
  • the pyrolysis gas generated in the fluidized bed portion 11 is burned with the secondary combustion gas, the unburned portion in the combustion gas is completely burned with the tertiary combustion gas, and the combustion exhaust gas is discharged to the combustion exhaust gas system 3 Ru.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the furnace bottom showing the layout of the air diffusion tube 80.
  • At least one air diffusion pipe 80 is provided in each of the cells 61, 62, 63.
  • the aeration tube 80 is, for example, a circular tube in which a plurality of laterally directed air outlets are uniformly distributed in the extending direction.
  • the first partition wall 41 and the second partition wall 42 are disposed in parallel, and the in-plane direction of the partition walls 41 and 42 and the extension direction of the respective diffusers 80 are parallel.
  • the air diffusion tube 80 does not overlap with the partition walls 41 and 42 in a plan view. It is arrange
  • Each aeration tube 80 is disposed below the lower ends of the first partition wall 41 and the second partition wall 42.
  • the distance between the lower end of the second partition wall 42 having the lower height level of the lower end of the two partition walls 41 and 42 and the pipe center of the air diffusion pipe 80 is in the range of 200 mm to 300 mm.
  • Each aeration tube 80 is inserted in the furnace wall of the furnace main body 10 so as to be insertable and removable parallel to the extending direction of the aeration tube 80.
  • the air diffusion tubes 80 can be individually attached to and detached from the furnace body 10.
  • the aeration tube 80 is connected by a header for each of the cells 61, 62, 63, and the superficial velocity of the fluidizing gas in each of the cells 61, 62, 63 has a predetermined correlation that causes the fluidizing medium to circulate.
  • the flow rate of the flowable gas supplied to the air diffusion pipe 80 is adjusted for each of the cells 61, 62, 63.
  • predetermined correlation means that the flow velocity of the flow cells in each of the cells 61, 62, 63 is higher than the flow velocity of the flow medium.
  • the superficial velocity is larger than the superficial velocity of the flowable gas of the combustion cell 61, and the superficial velocity of the flowable gas of the combustion cell 61 is larger than the superficial velocity of the flowable gas of the heat collection cell 63 It means the relationship of the superficial velocity of the gas for fluidization of the cell.
  • the superficial velocity of the flow gas for each cell becomes a predetermined correlation that causes the flow medium to circulate.
  • the number of air diffusers 80 disposed in each cell 61, 62, 63 is determined.
  • the number of outlets may be different for each of the aeration tubes 80.
  • the fluidized medium bed 51 made of the fluidized medium and the flowing gas supply that supplies the flowing gas that causes the fluidized medium to flow from the bottom of the fluidized medium bed 51
  • a device 52 a combustion cell 61 (first cell) in which the fuel is combusted in the fluidized medium layer 51, a circulation cell 62 (second cell), and a heat collection cell in which heat transfer is performed are provided.
  • a plurality of parallel partition walls 41 and 42 which divide into 63 (third cells) are provided.
  • the partition walls 41 and 42 have lower height levels at the lower end than the first partition wall 41 and the first partition wall 41 that divide the combustion cell 61 and the circulation cell 62 so as to communicate with the lower side thereof; It includes a second partition wall 42 communicating the cell 63 with the circulation cell 62 on the upper side and the lower side.
  • the gas supply apparatus 52 for flow is a bottom view of each cell 61,62,63, and it is a plan view so that it may not overlap with the partition walls 41 and 42 in plan view below below the lower end of the partition walls 41 and 42.
  • a plurality of aeration tubes 80 disposed in parallel with the partition walls 41 and 42.
  • the fact that the partition walls 41 and 42 and the plurality of diffusers 80 are arranged in parallel means that the direction in which the surfaces of the partition walls 41 and 42 extend and the plurality of diffusers 80 in the plan view. It means that the stretching direction is parallel.
  • the flowable gas blown out from the aeration pipe 80 is well dispersed in each of the cells 61, 62, 63 without obstructing the flow of the flowable medium, and becomes a flowable medium in each cell, Flow is promoted according to the flow direction of the cell.
  • the fluidizing gas supply device 52 has the superficial velocity of the fluidizing gas in the circulation cell 62 greater than the superficial velocity of the fluidizing gas in the combustion cell 61, and The gas for flow is blown out from the diffuser tube 80 so that the velocity of the gas for flow becomes higher than the velocity of the gas for flow of the heat collecting cell 63.
  • the inventors of the present invention have said that the flow medium circulates and moves favorably from the combustion cell 61 to the heat collecting cell 63 through the circulation cell 62 and further from the heat collecting cell 63 to the combustion cell 61 by blowing out the gas for flow. Has been confirmed by. Therefore, if the feature of the fluidized bed furnace 1 according to the present embodiment is applied to the internal circulation type fluidized bed furnace, the fluidized bed in which the flowing medium circulates and moves favorably by the supply of the flowing gas using the diffusion pipe 80. Can be realized.
  • the separation distance between diffusion pipe 80 and heat transfer pipe 64 in heat collection cell 63 It can be shortened in comparison, which makes it possible to reduce the bed height of the fluidized medium bed 51. If the bed height of the flowing medium layer 51 can be reduced, the driving power of the blowers 40 and 79 for pumping the flowing gas to the aeration tube 80 can be reduced.
  • the air diffusion pipe 80 is provided so as to be insertable into and removable from the furnace main body 10.
  • the aeration tube 80 can be inserted into and removed from the furnace body 10, the aeration tube 80 having a high replacement frequency can be easily replaced as compared with other elements of the furnace due to thermal fatigue, friction, etc. .
  • the aeration pipe 80 is connected by a header for each of the cells 61, 62, 63, and the flow is provided with flow rate adjusting means 81a, 82a, 83a in each header.
  • the gas supply pipes 81, 82, 83 are connected.
  • the superficial velocity of the flow gas for the circulation cell 62 is that of the combustion cell 61.
  • the number of aeration tubes 80 disposed at 63 is determined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un four à lit fluidisé, comprenant : une couche de milieu fluide ; un dispositif d'alimentation en gaz de fluidisation qui fournit du gaz de fluidisation à partir de la partie inférieure de la couche de milieu fluide ; et une pluralité de parois de séparation parallèles séparant la couche de milieu fluide en trois cellules. Les parois de séparation comprennent une première paroi de séparation qui sert de séparation entre une première cellule et une deuxième cellule de façon à permettre une communication entre les cellules sur le côté inférieur, et une seconde paroi de séparation qui a un niveau de hauteur d'extrémité inférieure inférieur à celui de la première paroi de séparation et qui permet une communication entre une troisième cellule et la deuxième cellule sur les côtés supérieur et inférieur. Le dispositif d'alimentation en gaz de fluidisation comprend une pluralité de tuyaux de diffusion d'air qui sont disposés, sur les parties inférieures de cellule respectives des première à troisième cellules et en dessous des extrémités inférieures des parois de séparation, en parallèle avec les parois de séparation de façon à ne pas chevaucher les parois de séparation en vue en plan.
PCT/JP2018/043805 2017-11-29 2018-11-28 Four à lit fluidisé WO2019107421A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BR112020010593-7A BR112020010593A2 (pt) 2017-11-29 2018-11-28 Forno de leito fluidizado
CN201880076378.6A CN111630319B (zh) 2017-11-29 2018-11-28 流化床炉

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2017-229176 2017-11-29
JP2017229176A JP7010676B2 (ja) 2017-11-29 2017-11-29 流動床炉

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WO2019107421A1 true WO2019107421A1 (fr) 2019-06-06

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JP (1) JP7010676B2 (fr)
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BR (1) BR112020010593A2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019107421A1 (fr)

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EP3957909A1 (fr) * 2020-08-20 2022-02-23 Steinmüller Engineering GmbH Four à lit fluidisé asymétrique destiné à la combustion de matières

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