WO2019075136A1 - TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS - Google Patents

TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2019075136A1
WO2019075136A1 PCT/US2018/055310 US2018055310W WO2019075136A1 WO 2019075136 A1 WO2019075136 A1 WO 2019075136A1 US 2018055310 W US2018055310 W US 2018055310W WO 2019075136 A1 WO2019075136 A1 WO 2019075136A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
compound
optionally substituted
nitrogen
sulfur
independently selected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2018/055310
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Susan Macdonald
Adna Halilovic
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc
Original Assignee
Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc filed Critical Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc
Priority to EP18865612.8A priority Critical patent/EP3694500A4/en
Priority to CA3077362A priority patent/CA3077362A1/en
Priority to AU2018348174A priority patent/AU2018348174A1/en
Priority to JP2020520127A priority patent/JP7311162B2/ja
Priority to CN201880073697.1A priority patent/CN111356451A/zh
Priority to MX2020003425A priority patent/MX2020003425A/es
Publication of WO2019075136A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019075136A1/en
Priority to IL273693A priority patent/IL273693A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to JP2023107073A priority patent/JP2023115307A/ja
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
    • A61K31/517—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic ring systems, e.g. quinazoline, perimidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
    • A61K31/136—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline having the amino group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. benzeneamine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/42—Oxazoles
    • A61K31/423—Oxazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
    • A61K31/428—Thiazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
    • A61P13/12—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system of the kidneys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
    • A61P15/08—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for gonadal disorders or for enhancing fertility, e.g. inducers of ovulation or of spermatogenesis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/08—Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/04—Artificial tears; Irrigation solutions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/14—Decongestants or antiallergics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
    • A61P9/12—Antihypertensives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to aldehyde-trapping compounds such as 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treatment of inflammatory disorders and other diseases, disorders, and conditions such as those described herein.
  • Inflammatory disorders include a group of diseases and conditions in which the body's biological response to stimuli results in the immune system attacking the body's own cells or tissues, leading to abnormal inflammation and resulting in chronic pain, redness, swelling, stiffness, and damage to normal tissues. Inflammatory disorders can be acute or chronic.
  • the treatment of inflammatory disorders includes the use of immunosuppressants, such as steroids (e.g., prednisone, budesonide (Entocort EC), and prednisolone), anti-metabolites (e.g., methotrexate), and cytotoxic agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide), to reduce or inhibit the activity of immune system cells that participate in the inflammatory response.
  • immunosuppressants such as steroids (e.g., prednisone, budesonide (Entocort EC), and prednisolone), anti-metabolites (e.g., methotrexate), and cytotoxic agents (e.g., cyclophosphamide), to reduce or inhibit the activity of immune system cells that participate in the inflammatory response.
  • Some treatments are directed to inhibiting cytokine mediators of the inflammatory response, such as TNF-a and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL 6, IL- 8, IL-12,
  • ⁇ treatments include therapeutic antibodies, such as abatacept, adalimumab, anakinra (Kineret), certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, natalizumab, rituximab, secukinumab, tocilizumab, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab.
  • therapeutic antibodies such as abatacept, adalimumab, anakinra (Kineret), certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab, ixekizumab, natalizumab, rituximab, secukinumab, tocilizumab, ustekinumab, and vedolizumab.
  • calcineurin inhibitors e.g., cyclosporine and tacrolimus
  • mTOR inhibitors e.g., sirolimus and everolimus
  • IMPDH inhibitors e.g., azathioprine, leflunomide, and mycophenolate
  • the present disclosure provides compounds that are capable of reacting with aldehydes for the treatment of certain inflammatory disorders.
  • the inflammatory disorder can be systemic or localized to a particular tissue or organ.
  • the disease, disorder or disease for treatment with the compounds of the disclosure is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, inflammatory bowl disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), psoriasis, IBS (irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colon), including spastic colon, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus
  • MS multiple sclerosis
  • the disease, disorder, or condition for treatment with the compounds of the disclosure is light chain deposition disease, IgA nephropathy, end stage renal disease, gout, pseudogout, diabetic nephrophathy, diabetic neuropathy, traumatic brain injury, noise-induced hearing loss, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington Malase, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, uterine leiomyoma, sarcoidosis, or chronic kidney disease.
  • the disease, disorder, or condition for treatment with the compounds of the disclosure is an ocular inflammatory disorder.
  • the ocular inflammatory disorder is diabetic macular edema (DME), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), dry eye disease (DED), allergic conjunctivitis (AC), dry eye disease with allergic conjunctivitis, noninfectious anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, pan-uveitis, post-surgical ocular pain and inflammation.
  • DME diabetic macular edema
  • ACD age-related macular degeneration
  • DED dry eye disease
  • AC allergic conjunctivitis
  • dry eye disease with allergic conjunctivitis noninfectious anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, pan-uveitis, post-surgical ocular pain and inflammation.
  • the compound of the disclosure is administered in an effective amount for the prevention of corneal fibrosis after radial keratotomy, prevention of corneal fibrosis after trauma, or prevention of corneal fibrosis after infection.
  • a method of treating an inflammatory disorder comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I):
  • the compound for use in the treatment of the disease, disorder, or condition is a compound of formula II:
  • each of R 1 , R 7 , and R 8 is independently H, D, halogen, - H2, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic, or wherein one of R 1 , R 7 and R 8 is - H2 and other one of R ⁇ 7 and R 8 is
  • R 2 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, - OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R 3 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, - OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R 4 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, - OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R 5 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, - OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms; or R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and each R is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6 aliphatic; a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring; phenyl; an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring; a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially uns
  • Q, T, and V are independently S, N, O, or -C-R;
  • each of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is independently H, D, halogen, - H2, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substitu aliphatic, or , wherein one of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is - H2 and other one of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R* is
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;
  • each R is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and an optionally substituted group selected from: Ci-6 aliphatic, a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring, phenyl, an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring, a 3 - to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and a 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • the compound for use in treating the disease, disorder, or condition is a compound of formu -22:
  • the compound for use in treating the disease, disorder, or condition is a compound of formula 1-5:
  • the compound for use in treating the disease, disorder, or condition is a compound of formula 1-
  • the compounds can be administered systemically, such as intravenously or parenterally, or locally, such as topically or localized injection, to effect treatment of the disease, disorder or condition.
  • FIG. 1 shows results of administering compound 1-22 to the eye of animals with chemically-induced diabetes. Retinas of animal treated with the Compound 1-22 show reduced retinal thickness as compared to animals not treated with the compound.
  • FIG. 2 shows results of administering compound 1-22 in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis. Retinas of test animals were scored for retinal vasculopathy, and retinal hemorrhage, exudate and detachment.
  • FIG. 3 depicts ocular discomfort & 4-Symptom Questionnaire: Dryness [Intent-To- Treat (ITT) Population with Observed Data Only] for a dry eye disease (DED) clinical trial.
  • ITT Intent-To- Treat
  • DED dry eye disease
  • FIG. 4 depicts ocular discomfort & 4-Symptom Questionnaire: Overall Ocular Discomfort (ITT Population with Observed Data Only) for a DED clinical trial.
  • FIG. 5 depicts Fluorescein Staining: Conjunctival Sum Score (Nasal and Temporal) (ITT Population with Observed Data Only) for a DED clinical trial.
  • FIG. 6 depicts Fluorescein Staining: Nasal (ITT Population with Observed Data Only) for a DED clinical trial.
  • FIG. 7 depicts Tear Quantity and Quality Improved: Tear Film Break-Up Time (TFBUT), Schirmer's Test and Tear Osmolarity Supports Broad Activity Profile (Endpoint-Specific Worst Eye: ITT Population with Observed Data Only) for a DED clinical trial.
  • CFB change from baseline.
  • CFB change from baseline.
  • CFB change from baseline.
  • FIG. 11 shows body weight change from Study Day -3 (g) in female Swiss Webster mice in a model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute ulcerative colitis (UC).
  • FIG. 12 shows Disease Activity Index Stool Consistency Score data in female Swiss Webster mice in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. *p ⁇ 0.05 Kruskal-Wallis test (Dunn's post hoc) vs. Vehicle (PO); ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test/Mann-Whitney test vs. Vehicle (IP)
  • FIG. 13 shows Disease Activity Index Occult/Gross Blood Score data in female Swiss Webster mice in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student' s t-test/Mann-Whitney test vs. Vehicle (IP)
  • FIG. 14 shows Disease Activity Index Summed Score data in female Swiss Webster mice in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test/Mann-Whitney test vs. Vehicle (IP); Jp ⁇ 0.05 Student' s t-test vs. Vehicle (PO)
  • FIG. 15 shows Colon Length in cm for mice treated with 1-5, 1-22, or 1-6 in a model of DSS-induced acute UC.
  • FIG. 16 shows Colon Weight per length (g/cm) for mice treated with 1-5, 1-22, or 1-6 in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle (IP); Jp ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle PO.
  • FIG. 17 shows Mean Inflammation Score (0-5) for mice treated with 1-5, 1-22, or 1-6 in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle (IP); Jp ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle PO.
  • FIG. 18 shows Mean Gland Loss Score (0-5) for mice treated with 1-5, 1-22, or 1-6 in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle (IP); Jp ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle PO.
  • FIG. 19 shows Erosion Score (0-5) for mice treated with 1-5, 1-22, or 1-6 in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle (IP); Jp ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle PO; *p ⁇ 0.05 ANOVA (Dunnett's post-hoc) vs. Vehicle (PO).
  • FIG. 20 shows Mean Hyperplasia Score (0-5) for mice treated with 1-5, 1-22, or 1-6 in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle (IP); Jp ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle PO; *p ⁇ 0.05 ANOVA (Dunnett's post-hoc) vs. Vehicle (PO).
  • FIG. 21 shows Edema Width ( ⁇ ) for mice treated with 1-5, 1-22, or 1-6 in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle (IP); Jp ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle PO; *p ⁇ 0.05 ANOVA (Dunnett's post-hoc) vs. Vehicle (PO).
  • FIG. 22 shows Neutrophil score for mice treated with 1-5, 1-22, or 1-6 in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle (IP); Jp ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle PO.
  • FIG. 23 shows Mucosal Thickness ( ⁇ ) for mice treated with 1-5, 1-22, or 1-6 in a model of DSS-induced acute UC.
  • FIG. 24 shows Lymphoid Aggregate Count for mice treated with 1-5, 1-22, or 1-6 in a model of DSS-induced acute UC. ⁇ p ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle (IP); Jp ⁇ 0.05 Student's t-test vs. Vehicle PO.
  • the present disclosure provides compounds capable of reacting with aldehydes for use in methods of treating inflammatory disorders, including systemic inflammatory disorders and ocular inflammatory disorders.
  • the compounds are amino carbinol-containing compounds that are capable of effectively reacting with and "trapping" aldehyde compounds, thus preventing their reaction with biological molecules and interfering with their normal function.
  • the compounds and methods of treating inflammatory disorders with the compounds are described below.
  • aliphatic or "aliphatic group”, as used herein, means a straight-chain (i.e., unbranched) or branched, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon chain that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, or a monocyclic hydrocarbon or bicyclic hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic (also referred to herein as "carbocycle,” “cycloaliphatic” or “cycloalkyl”), that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • aliphatic groups contain 1-6 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • aliphatic groups contain 1-5 aliphatic carbon atoms. In other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-4 aliphatic carbon atoms. In still other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-3 aliphatic carbon atoms, and in yet other embodiments, aliphatic groups contain 1-2 aliphatic carbon atoms.
  • cycloaliphatic (or “carbocycle” or “cycloalkyl”) refers to a monocyclic C3-C6 hydrocarbon that is completely saturated or that contains one or more units of unsaturation, but which is not aromatic, that has a single point of attachment to the rest of the molecule.
  • Suitable aliphatic groups include, but are not limited to, linear or branched, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups and hybrids thereof such as (cycloalkyl)alkyl, (cycloalkenyl)alkyl or (cycloalkyl)alkenyl.
  • lower alkyl refers to a Ci-4 straight or branched alkyl group.
  • exemplary lower alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, and tert-butyl.
  • lower haloalkyl refers to a Ci-4 straight or branched alkyl group that is substituted with one or more halogen atoms.
  • heteroatom means one or more of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, or silicon (including, any oxidized form of nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, or silicon; the quaternized form of any basic nitrogen or; a substitutable nitrogen of a heterocyclic ring, for example N (as in 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrolyl), NH (as in pyrrolidinyl) or NR + (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl)).
  • bivalent Ci-8 (or Ci- 6 ) saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched, hydrocarbon chain refers to bivalent alkylene, alkenylene, and alkynylene chains that are straight or branched as defined herein.
  • alkylene refers to a bivalent alkyl group.
  • An "alkylene chain” is a polymethylene group, i.e., -(03 ⁇ 4) ⁇ -, wherein n is a positive integer, preferably from 1 to 6, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 2, or from 2 to 3.
  • a substituted alkylene chain is a polymethylene group in which one or more methylene hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for a substituted aliphatic group.
  • alkenylene refers to a bivalent alkenyl group.
  • a substituted alkenylene chain is a polymethylene group containing at least one double bond in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with a substituent. Suitable substituents include those described below for a substituted aliphatic group.
  • halogen means F, CI, Br, or I.
  • aryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl,” “aralkoxy,” or “aryloxyalkyl,” refers to monocyclic or bicyclic ring systems having a total of five to fourteen ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains 3 to 7 ring members.
  • aryl may be used interchangeably with the term “aryl ring.”
  • aryl used alone or as part of a larger moiety as in “aralkyl,” “aralkoxy,” or “aryloxyalkyl,” refers to monocyclic and bicyclic ring systems having a total of five to 10 ring members, wherein at least one ring in the system is aromatic and wherein each ring in the system contains three to seven ring members.
  • aryl refers to an aromatic ring system which includes, but not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthracyl and the like, which may bear one or more substituents.
  • aryl is a group in which an aromatic ring is fused to one or more non-aromatic rings, such as indanyl, phthalimidyl, naphthimidyl, phenanthridinyl, or tetrahydronaphthyl, and the like.
  • heteroaryl and “heteroar-,” used alone or as part of a larger moiety, e.g., “heteroaralkyl,” or “heteroaralkoxy,” refer to groups having 5 to 10 ring atoms, preferably 5, 6, or 9 ring atoms; having 6, 10, or 14 ⁇ electrons shared in a cyclic array; and having, in addition to carbon atoms, from one to five heteroatoms.
  • heteroatom refers to nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur, and includes any oxidized form of nitrogen or sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen.
  • Heteroaryl groups include, without limitation, thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, indolizinyl, purinyl, naphthyridinyl, and pteridinyl.
  • heteroaryl and “heteroar-”, as used herein, also include groups in which a heteroaromatic ring is fused to one or more aryl, cycloaliphatic, or heterocyclyl rings, where the radical or point of attachment is on the heteroaromatic ring.
  • Nonlimiting examples include indolyl, isoindolyl, benzothienyl, benzofuranyl, dibenzofuranyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, and pyrido[2,3-b]-l,4-oxazin-3(4H)-one.
  • heteroaryl group may be mono- or bicyclic.
  • heteroaryl may be used interchangeably with the terms “heteroaryl ring,” “heteroaryl group,” or “heteroaromatic,” any of which terms include rings that are optionally substituted.
  • heteroarylkyl refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heteroaryl, wherein the alkyl and heteroaryl portions independently are optionally substituted.
  • heterocycle As used herein, the terms “heterocycle,” “heterocyclyl,” “heterocyclic radical,” and “heterocyclic ring” are used interchangeably and refer to a stable 5- to 7-membered monocyclic or 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety that is either saturated or partially unsaturated, and having, in addition to carbon atoms, one or more, preferably one to four, heteroatoms, as defined above.
  • nitrogen includes a substituted nitrogen.
  • the nitrogen may be N (as in 3,4-dihydro- 2H-pyrrolyl), H (as in pyrrolidinyl), or + R (as in N-substituted pyrrolidinyl).
  • a heterocyclic ring can be attached to its pendant group at any heteroatom or carbon atom that results in a stable structure and any of the ring atoms can be optionally substituted.
  • saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic radicals include, without limitation, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, decahydroquinolinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperazinyl, dioxanyl, dioxolanyl, diazepinyl, oxazepinyl, thiazepinyl, morpholinyl, and quinuclidinyl.
  • heterocycle refers to an alkyl group substituted by a heterocyclyl, wherein the alkyl and heterocyclyl portions independently are optionally substituted.
  • partially unsaturated refers to a ring moiety that includes at least one double or triple bond.
  • partially unsaturated is intended to encompass rings having multiple sites of unsaturation, but is not intended to include aryl or heteroaryl moieties, as herein defined.
  • compounds of the disclosure may contain “optionally substituted” moieties.
  • substituted whether preceded by the term “optionally” or not, means that one or more hydrogens of the designated moiety are replaced with a suitable substituent.
  • an “optionally substituted” group may have a suitable substituent at each substitutable position of the group, and when more than one position in any given structure may be substituted with more than one substituent selected from a specified group, the substituent may be either the same or different at every position.
  • Combinations of substituents envisioned for the compounds herein are preferably those that result in the formation of stable or chemically feasible compounds.
  • stable refers to compounds that are not substantially altered when subjected to conditions to allow for their production, detection, and, in certain embodiments, their recovery, purification, and use for one or more of the purposes disclosed herein.
  • Suitable monovalent substituents on R° are independently halogen, -(CH 2 )o- 2 R*, -(haloR*), -(CH 2 )o- 2 OH, -(CH 2 )o- 2 OR*, -(CH 2 )o- 2 CH(OR*) 2 ; -O(haloR'), -CN, -N 3 , -(CH 2 )o- 2 C(0)R*, -(CH 2 )o- 2 C(0)OH, -(CH 2 )o- 2 C(0)OR*, -(CH 2 )o- 2 SR*, -(CH 2 )o- 2 SH, -(CH 2 )o- 2 H 2 , - (CH 2 )o- 2 HR*, -(CH 2 )o- 2 R* 2 , -NO2, -SiR* 3 ,
  • Suitable divalent substituents that are bound to vicinal substitutable carbons of an "optionally substituted” group include: -0(CR * 2)2-30-, wherein each independent occurrence of R * is selected from hydrogen, Ci-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, and an unsubstituted 5 to 6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group of R * include halogen, -R*, -(haloR*), -OH, -OR*, -O(haloR'), -CN, -C(0)OH, -C(0)OR*, - H2, -NHR*, - R or -NO2, wherein each R* is unsubstituted or where preceded by "halo" is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently Ci-4 aliphatic, -CH2PI1, -0(CH2)o-iPh, or a 5- to 6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Suitable substituents on a substitutable nitrogen of an "optionally substituted" group include -R ⁇ , - R ⁇ 2 , -C(0)R ⁇ , -C(0)OR ⁇ , -C(0)C(0)R ⁇ , C(0)CH 2 C(0)R ⁇ , -S(0) 2 R ⁇ , -S(0) 2 R ⁇ 2 , -C(S) R ⁇ 2 , -C( H) R ⁇ 2 , or -N(R ⁇ )S(0) 2 R ⁇ ; wherein each R ⁇ is independently hydrogen, Ci-6 aliphatic which may be substituted as defined below, unsubstituted -OPh, or an unsubstituted 5- to 6-membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, or, notwithstanding the definition above, two independent occurrences of R ⁇ , taken together with their intervening atom(s) form
  • Suitable substituents on the aliphatic group of R ⁇ are independently halogen, - R*, -(haloR*), -OH, -OR*, -O(haloR'), -CN, -C(0)OH, -C(0)OR*, -NH2, -NHR*, - R or -NO2, wherein each R* is unsubstituted or where preceded by "halo" is substituted only with one or more halogens, and is independently Ci-4 aliphatic, -CH2PI1, -0(CH2)o-iPh, or a 5- to 6- membered saturated, partially unsaturated, or aryl ring having 0-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • the term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. For example, S. M. Berge et al., describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts in detail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present disclosure include those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids and bases.
  • Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid addition salts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and perchloric acid
  • organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid or malonic acid or by using other methods used in the art such as ion exchange.
  • salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate, aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, besylate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecyl sulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate, glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2- hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate, lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate, oxalate, palmitate, pamo
  • Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N + (Ci-4alkyl)4 salts.
  • Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium, lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like.
  • Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxic ammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed using counterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate and aryl sulfonate.
  • structures depicted herein are also meant to include all isomeric (e.g., enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational)) forms of the structure; for example, the R and S configurations for each asymmetric center, Z and E double bond isomers, and Z and E conformational isomers. Therefore, single stereochemical isomers as well as enantiomeric, diastereomeric, and geometric (or conformational) mixtures of the present compounds are within the scope of the present disclosure. Unless otherwise stated, all tautomeric forms of the compounds described herein are within the scope of the the present disclosure.
  • treatment refers to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a disease or disorder, or one or more symptoms thereof, as described herein.
  • treatment is administered after one or more symptoms have developed.
  • treatment is administered in the absence of symptoms.
  • treatment is administered to a susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and/or in light of genetic or other susceptibility factors). Treatment is also continued after symptoms have resolved, for example to prevent, delay or lessen the severity of their recurrence.
  • a method of inflammatory disease or disorder in a subject comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an aldehyde trapping compound.
  • the compound is selected from the compounds recited in U. S. Patent No. 7,973,025 and published international patent application nos.
  • the inflammatory disease or disorder is a systemic inflammatory disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the inflammatory disease or disorder is an ocular inflammatory disease or disorder.
  • a method of treating an inflammatory disease or disorder in a subject comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula I:
  • each W, X, Y, or Z is independently selected from N, O, S, CU, CH and C- H2, wherein one of W, X, Y, or Z is C- H 2 ;
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms; or R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;
  • k 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
  • each U is independently selected from halogen, cyano, -R, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, - S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • U on adjacent carbon atoms can form an optionally substituted fused ring, selected from a fused phenyl ring; a fused 5- to 6-membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and a fused 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and
  • each R is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6 aliphatic; a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring; phenyl; an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring; a 3- to 8- membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4
  • W is independently selected from N, O, S, CU, CH and C- H2. In some embodiments, W is N. In some embodiments, W is O. In some embodiments, W is S. In some embodiments, W is CU. In some embodiments, W is CH. In some embodiments, W is C- H2.
  • X is independently selected from N, O, S, CU, CH and C- H2.
  • X is N.
  • X is O.
  • X is S.
  • X is CU.
  • X is CH.
  • X is C- H2.
  • Y is independently selected from N, O, S, CU, CH and C- H2.
  • Y is N.
  • Y is O.
  • Y is S.
  • Y is CU.
  • Y is CH.
  • Y is C- H2.
  • Z is independently selected from N, O, S, CU, CH and C- H2.
  • Z is N.
  • Z is O.
  • Z is S.
  • Z is CU.
  • Z is CH.
  • Z is C- H2.
  • k is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments k is 0. In some embodiments, k is 1. In some embodiments, k is 2. In some embodiments, k is 3. In some embodiments, k is 4.
  • each U is independently selected from halogen, cyano, -R, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R.
  • U is halogen. In some embodiments, U is fluorine. In some embodiments, U is chlorine. In some embodiments, U is bromine.
  • U is -R.
  • U is hydrogen.
  • U is deuterium.
  • U is optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic.
  • U is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring.
  • U is an optionally substituted 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring.
  • U is an optionally substituted 3- to 8- membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • U is an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • U is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • U is an optionally substituted 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1- 5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • U is -S(0) 2 R. In some embodiments, U is -S(0) 2 CH3.
  • U is an optionally substituted phenyl ring. In some embodiments, U is a phenyl ring, optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, U is a phenyl ring, optionally substituted with fluorine. In some embodiments, U is a phenyl ring, optionally substituted with chlorine.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms can form an optionally substituted fused ring, selected from a fused phenyl ring; a fused 5- to 6- membered saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and a fused 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused phenyl ring. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with 1 or more halogen atoms. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with one halogen atom. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with fluorine.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with chlorine. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with 2 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with 2 fluorines. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with 2 chlorines. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with fluorine and chlorine.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5- membered heteroaryl ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5- membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom, optionally substituted with phenyl. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5- membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom, optionally substituted with tosyl.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom, optionally substituted with Ci-6 aliphatic.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom, optionally substituted with Ci-6 alkyl.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom, optionally substituted with cyclopropyl.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5- membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one sulfur heteroatom. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one sulfur heteroatom. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one sulfur heteroatom, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5- membered heteroaryl ring containing two nitrogen heteroatoms. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing two nitrogen heteroatoms. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing two nitrogen heteroatoms, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 6- membered heteroaryl ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 6- membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen heteroatom. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen heteroatom. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing two nitrogen heteroatoms. In some embodiments, two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing two nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is quinazolinyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is an optionally substituted quinazolinyl.
  • the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is quinolinyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is optionally substituted quinolinyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is quinolinyl, optionally substituted with 1-2 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is quinolinyl, optionally substituted with 1 halogen atom.
  • the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is quinolinyl, optionally substituted with fluorine. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms quinolinyl, optionally substituted with chlorine.
  • the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzoxazolyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is optionally substituted benzoxazolyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzoxazolyl, optionally substituted with phenyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzoxazolyl, optionally substituted with phenyl and a halogen atom.
  • the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzoxazolyl, optionally substituted with phenyl and chlorine. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzoxazolyl, optionally substituted with tosyl and chlorine.
  • the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzisoxazolyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is optionally substituted benzisoxazolyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzisoxazolyl, optionally substituted with phenyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzisoxazolyl, optionally substituted with cyclopropyl and a halogen atom. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzisoxazolyl, optionally substituted with cyclopropyl and chlorine.
  • the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzothiazolyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is optionally substituted benzothiazolyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzothiazolyl, optionally substituted with phenyl. [0095] In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzisothiazolyl.
  • the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is optionally substituted benzisothiazolyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzisothiazolyl, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzimidazolyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is optionally substituted benzimidazolyl. In some embodiments, the fused ring system formed by two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms is benzimidazolyl, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • W, X, Y, and Z provide a phenyl ring. In some embodiments,
  • W, X, Y, and Z provide a phenyl ring, substituted with k occurrences of U.
  • W, X, Y, and Z provide a phenyl ring
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2.
  • W, X, Y, and Z provide a pyridinyl ring. In some embodiments,
  • W, X, Y, and Z provide a pyridinyl ring, substituted with k occurrences of U.
  • W, X, Y, and Z provide a pyridinyl ring
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2, one or more of the other of
  • W, X, Y, and Z are CH; and k is 0.
  • one of W, X, and Y is -C- H2, one or more of the other of W, X, or Y are CH; Z is N; and k is 0.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2, one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 1; and U is halogen.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2, one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 1; and U is fluorine.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2, one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 1; and U is chlorine.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2, one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 1; and U is bromine.
  • one of W, X, and Y is -C- H2, one or more of the other of
  • W, X, and Y are CH; Z is N; k is 1; and U optionally substituted phenyl.
  • one of W, X, and Y is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, and Y are CH; Z is N; k is 1; and U is phenyl, optionally substituted with halogen.
  • one of W, X, and Y is -C- H2, one or more of the other of W, X, and Y are CH; Z is N; k is 1; and U is phenyl, optionally substituted with chlorine.
  • one of W, X, and Y is -C- H2, one or more of the other of W, X, and Y are CH; Z is N; k is 1; and U is phenyl, optionally substituted with fluorine.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 1; and U is optionally substituted phenyl.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 1; and U is phenyl, optionally substituted with halogen.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 1; and U is phenyl, optionally substituted with chlorine.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 1; and U is phenyl, optionally substituted with fluorine.
  • one of W, X, and Y is -C- H2; one or more of the other of
  • W, X, and Y are CH; Z is N; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring.
  • one of W, X, and Y is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, and Y are CH; Z is N; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused phenyl ring.
  • one of W, X, and Y are CH; Z is N; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused phenyl ring.
  • Y is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, and Y are CH; Z is N; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with halogen.
  • one of W, X, and Y is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, and Y are CH; Z is N; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with chlorine.
  • Y is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, and Y are CH; Z is N; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with fluorine.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused phenyl ring.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with halogen.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with fluorine.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with chlorine.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with chlorine and fluorine.
  • W is N; one of X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; the other of X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused phenyl ring, optionally substituted with chlorine at 2 positions.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing 1- 3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen heteroatom.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused pyridine ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C-NH2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused pyridine ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 6-membered heteroaryl ring containing two nitrogen heteroatoms.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused pyrimidine ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused pyrimidine ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form fused aryl ring with 2 heteroatoms.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a 5-membered fused oxazole ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a 5-membered fused oxazole ring, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z is CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z is CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatoms, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z is CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatoms, optionally substituted with tosyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z is CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatoms, optionally substituted with cyclopropyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused oxazole ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused oxazole ring, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused oxazole ring, optionally substituted with tosyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused isoxazole ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused isoxazole ring, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused isoxazole ring, optionally substituted with cyclopropyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one sulfur heteroatom.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z is CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one sulfur heteroatom, optionally substituted by phenyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused thiazole ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused thiazole ring, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 5 membered heteroaryl ring containing two nitrogen heteratoms.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused imidazole ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 2; and the two occurrences of U on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused imidazole ring, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 3; Ui is chlorine and U2 and U3 on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 3; Ui is chlorine and U2 and U3 on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 3; Ui is chlorine and U2 and U3 on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused 5-membered heteroaryl ring containing one nitrogen and one oxygen heteroatom, optionally substituted with tosyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 3; Ui is chlorine and U2 and U3 on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused oxazole ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 3; Ui is chlorine and U2 and U3 on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused oxazole ring, optionally substituted with phenyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 3; Ui is chlorine and U2 and U3 on adjacent carbon atoms form a fused oxazole ring, optionally substituted with tosyl.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 3; Ui is chlorine and U2 and U3 on adjacent carbon atoms form an optionally substituted fused isoxazole ring.
  • one of W, X, Y, and Z is -C- H2; one or more of the other of W, X, Y, and Z are CH; k is 3; Ui is chlorine and U2 and U3 adjacent carbon atoms form a fused isoxazole ring, optionally substituted with cyclopropyl.
  • each R is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6 aliphatic; a 3- to 8- membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring; phenyl; an 8- to 10- membered bicyclic aryl ring; a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and a 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R is deuterium. In some embodiments, R is Cl-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments R is methyl. In some embodiments, R is ethyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted methyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted ethyl. In some embodiments, R is phenyl. In some embodiments, R is optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R is phenyl, optionally substituted with halogen. In some embodiments, R is phenyl, optionally substituted with fluorine.
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium atoms. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.
  • R a is Ci-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is Ci- 4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is methyl or ethyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is methyl.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium atoms. In some embodiments, R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.
  • R b is Ci-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R b is Ci-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is Ci- 4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is methyl or ethyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is methyl.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3 - to 8-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl ring. In some embodiments, R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form an oxirane, oxetane, tetrahydrofuran, or aziridine.
  • R a and R b are methyl.
  • the compound for use in the treatment of an inflammatory disorder is a compound of formula II:
  • each of R 1 , R 7 , and R 8 is independently H, D, halogen, - H2, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substitu aliphatic, or
  • R 1 , R 7 and R 8 are -NH 2 and other one of R 1 R 7 and R 8 is
  • R 2 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R 3 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, - S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R 4 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, - S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R 5 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, - S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms; or R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and
  • each R is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6 aliphatic; a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring; phenyl; an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring; a 3- to 8- membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4
  • heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and a 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium atoms. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.
  • R a is Ci-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is methyl or ethyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is methyl.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium atoms. In some embodiments, R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.
  • R b is Ci-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R b is Ci- 4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is Ci-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is methyl or ethyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is methyl.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl ring.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form an oxirane, oxetane, tetrahydrofuran, or aziridine.
  • the - H2 on one of R 1 , R 7 , and R 8 and the carbinol on the other of R 1 , R 7 , and R 8 are on adjacent carbon atoms of the pyridine moiety.
  • the compound is a compound of formula Il-a, Il-b, or II-c:
  • each of R 1 , R 7 , and R 8 when present is independently H, D, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic, or rein one of R 1 , R 7 , and R 8 is
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R a , R b and R are as defined for formula II.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula I -d, Il-e, II-f or II-g:
  • R 1 and R 7 is independently H, D, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted Ci-e aliphatic;
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R a , R b and R are as defined for formula II.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula III
  • Q, T and V are independently S, N, O, or -C-R;
  • each of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is independently H, D, halogen, - H2, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted C -6 aliphatic, or
  • R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is - H2 and other one of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 ,
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;
  • each R is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and an optionally substituted group selected from: Ci-6 aliphatic, a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring, phenyl, an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring, a 3 - to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and a 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • the - H2 on one of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 and the carbinol on the other of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are on adjacent carbon atoms of the phenyl moiety.
  • one of Q, T and V is N, and other of Q, T and V is O.
  • Q is O
  • V is N
  • T is C-R.
  • Q is N
  • T is O and V is C-R.
  • the compound is a compound of formula Ill-a or Ill-b:
  • each of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 when present is independently H, D, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic, or rein one of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is
  • the compound is a compound of formula III-c, Ill-d or Ill-e:
  • each of R 1 , R 6 , and R 7 when present is independently H, D, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic;
  • the compound is a compound of formula Ill-f, Ill- Ill-h or Ill-i:
  • each of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 when present is independently H, D, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic or rein one of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is
  • R, R a and R b are as defined in formula III.
  • the compound is a compound of formula IH-j, I -k, III-l or Ill-m:
  • each of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 when present is independently H, D, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic;
  • R, R a and R b are as defined in formula III.
  • the compound is a compound of formula Ill-n:
  • each of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is independently H, D, halogen, -NH 2 , -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic, or , wherein one of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is -NH 2 and other one of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 1
  • R, R a , and R b are as defined in formula III.
  • the compound is a compound of formula III-o, III- Ill-q or Ill-r:
  • each of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 when present is independently H, D, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic, or rein one of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is
  • R, R a , and R are as defined in formula III.
  • the compound is a compound of formula III-s, Il -t, III-u, III-v, III-w, or III-x:
  • each of R 1 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 when present is independently H, D, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic;
  • R, R a and R b are as defined in formula III.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula IV
  • Ring A is a 5-membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring containing 1-3 nitrogen atoms, 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 sulfur atom, or 1 nitrogen and 1 sulfur atom; or a 6-membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or a 7-membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;
  • R 1 is H, D, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, or optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic;
  • each R is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and an optionally substituted group selected from: Ci-6 aliphatic, a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring, phenyl, an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring, a 3- to 8- membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 5-to 6- membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, a 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; and a 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1- 5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;
  • R 2 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -
  • R 3 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -
  • R 4 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -
  • R 6 is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R 7 is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms; or R 6 and R 7 , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8- membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring A is a 5-membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring containing 1-3 nitrogen atoms, 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 sulfur atom, or 1 nitrogen and 1 sulfur atom; or a 6-membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or a 7- membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring A is a 5-membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring containing 1-3 nitrogen atoms, 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 sulfur atom, or 1 nitrogen and 1 sulfur atom. In some embodiments, Ring A is a 6-membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, Ring A is a 7-membered partially unsaturated heterocyclic or heteroaromatic ring containing 1-3 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Ring A is imidazole or triazole. In some embodiments, Ring A is thiazole. In some embodiments, Ring A is thiophene or furan. In some embodiments, Ring A is pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine, or 1,2,4-triazine. In some embodiments, Ring A is pyridine.
  • R 1 is H, D, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, or optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic.
  • R 1 is H. In some embodiments, R 1 is D. In some embodiments, R 1 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 1 is -CN. In some embodiments, R 1 is -OR. In some embodiments, R 1 is -SR. In some embodiments, R 1 is optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic.
  • R 2 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , - N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 2 is absent. In some embodiments, R 2 is -R. In some embodiments, R 2 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 2 is -CN. In some embodiments, R 2 is -OR. In some embodiments, R 2 is -SR. In some embodiments, R 2 is -N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 2 is -N(R)C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 2 is -C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 2 is - N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 2 is -N(R)C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 2 is -OC(0)N(R) 2 .
  • R 2 is -N(R)S(0) 2 R. In some embodiments, R 2 is - S0 2 N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 2 is -C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 2 is -C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 2 is -OC(0)R. In some embodiments, R 2 is -S(0)R. In some embodiments, R 2 is -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 2 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 2 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 2 is an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 2 is CI or Br. In some embodiments, R 2 is CI.
  • R 3 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , - N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R.
  • R is absent.
  • R is -R.
  • R 3 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 3 is -CN. In some embodiments, R 3 is -OR. In some embodiments, R 3 is -SR. In some embodiments, R 3 is -N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 3 is -N(R)C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 3 is -C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 3 is - N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 3 is -N(R)C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 3 is -OC(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 3 is -N(R)S(0) 2 R.
  • R 3 is - S0 2 N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 3 is -C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 3 is -C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 3 is -OC(0)R. In some embodiments, R 3 is -S(0)R. In some embodiments, R 3 is -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 3 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 3 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 3 is an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 3 is CI or Br. In some embodiments, R 3 is CI.
  • R 4 is absent or is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , - N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 4 is absent. In some embodiments, R 4 is -R. In some embodiments, R 4 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 4 is -CN. In some embodiments, R 4 is -OR. In some embodiments, R 4 is -SR. In some embodiments, R 4 is -N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 4 is -N(R)C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 4 is -C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 4 is - N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 4 is -N(R)C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 4 is -OC(0)N(R) 2 .
  • R 4 is -N(R)S(0) 2 R. In some embodiments, R 4 is - S0 2 N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 4 is -C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 4 is -C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 4 is -OC(0)R. In some embodiments, R 4 is -S(0)R. In some embodiments, R 4 is -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 4 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 4 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 4 is an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 4 is CI or Br. In some embodiments, R 4 is CI.
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium atoms. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.
  • R a is Ci-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is Ci- 4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is methyl or ethyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is methyl.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium atoms.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.
  • R b is Ci-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R b is Ci-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is Ci- 4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is methyl or ethyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is methyl.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3 - to 8-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl ring. In some embodiments, R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form an oxirane, oxetane, tetrahydrofuran, or aziridine.
  • R a and R b are methyl.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula V:
  • R 2 is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, - C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R; each R is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and an optionally substituted group selected from: Ci-6 aliphatic, a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring, phenyl, an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring, a 3- to 8- membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from
  • R 3 is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, - C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R 4 is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, - C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R 5 is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, -S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, - C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R;
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms; or R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8- membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 2 is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, - S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 2 is -R. In some embodiments, R 2 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 2 is -CN. In some embodiments, R 2 is -OR. In some embodiments, R 2 is -SR. In some embodiments, R 2 is -N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 2 is -N(R)C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 2 is -C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 2 is -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 2 is -N(R)C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 2 is -OC(0)N(R) 2 .
  • R 2 is -N(R)S(0) 2 R. In some embodiments, R 2 is -S0 2 N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 2 is -C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 2 is -C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 2 is -OC(0)R. In some embodiments, R 2 is -S(0)R. In some embodiments, R 2 is -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 2 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 2 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 2 is an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 2 is an optionally substituted 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 2 is CI or Br. In some embodiments, R 2 is CI.
  • R 3 is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, - S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 3 is -R. In some embodiments, R 3 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 3 is -CN. In some embodiments, R 3 is -OR. In some embodiments, R 3 is -SR. In some embodiments, R 3 is -N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 3 is -N(R)C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 3 is -C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 3 is -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 3 is -N(R)C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 3 is -OC(0)N(R) 2 .
  • R 3 is -N(R)S(0) 2 R. In some embodiments, R 3 is -S0 2 N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 3 is -C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 3 is -C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 3 is -OC(0)R. In some embodiments, R 3 is -S(0)R. In some embodiments, R 3 is -S(0) 2 R. [00186] In some embodiments, R is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring.
  • R 3 is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R 3 is an optionally substituted 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 3 is CI or Br. In some embodiments, R 3 is CI.
  • R 4 is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, - S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 4 is -R. In some embodiments, R 4 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 4 is -CN. In some embodiments, R 4 is -OR. In some embodiments, R 4 is -SR. In some embodiments, R 4 is -N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 4 is -N(R)C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 4 is -C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 4 is -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 4 is -N(R)C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 4 is -OC(0)N(R) 2 .
  • R 4 is -N(R)S(0) 2 R. In some embodiments, R 4 is -S0 2 N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 4 is -C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 4 is -C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 4 is -OC(0)R. In some embodiments, R 4 is -S(0)R. In some embodiments, R 4 is -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 4 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 4 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 4 is an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 4 is an optionally substituted 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 4 is CI or Br. In some embodiments, R 4 is CI.
  • R 5 is selected from -R, halogen, -CN, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , - N(R)C(0)R, -C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)C(0)OR, -OC(0)N(R) 2 , -N(R)S(0) 2 R, - S0 2 N(R) 2 , -C(0)R, -C(0)OR, -OC(0)R, -S(0)R, and -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 5 is -R. In some embodiments, R 5 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 5 is -CN. In some embodiments, R 5 is -OR. In some embodiments, R 5 is -SR. In some embodiments, R 5 is -N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 5 is -N(R)C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 5 is -C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 5 is -N(R)C(0)N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 5 is -N(R)C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 5 is -OC(0)N(R) 2 .
  • R 5 is -N(R)S(0) 2 R. In some embodiments, R 5 is -S0 2 N(R) 2 . In some embodiments, R 5 is -C(0)R. In some embodiments, R 5 is -C(0)OR. In some embodiments, R 5 is -OC(0)R. In some embodiments, R 5 is -S(0)R. In some embodiments, R 5 is -S(0) 2 R.
  • R 5 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 5 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 5 is an optionally substituted Ci-6 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R 5 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic carbocyclic ring. In some embodiments, R 5 is an optionally substituted phenyl. In some embodiments, R 5 is an optionally substituted 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring. In some embodiments, R 5 is an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 5 is an optionally substituted 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 5 is an optionally substituted 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. In some embodiments, R 5 is an optionally substituted 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R 5 is CI or Br. In some embodiments, R 5 is CI.
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium atoms. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.
  • R a is Ci-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R a is Ci-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is Ci- 4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is methyl or ethyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is methyl.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic. In some embodiments, R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium atoms. In some embodiments, R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms.
  • R b is Ci-4 alkyl. In some embodiments, R b is Ci-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R a is Ci- 4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is methyl or ethyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 halogen atoms. In some embodiments, R b is methyl.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8-membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3 - to 8-membered cycloalkyl. In some embodiments, R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to - membered heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. [00204] In some embodiments, R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl ring. In some embodiments, R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form an oxirane, oxetane, tetrahydrofuran, or aziridine.
  • R a and R b are methyl.
  • the compound for use in treatment of an inflammatory disorder is a com ound of formula Vl-a, Vl-b, VI-c, or Vl-d:
  • Vl-a Vl-b VI-c Vl-d or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
  • each of R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R a , and R b is as defined is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the compound is of formula Vl-a above.
  • R 1 and R 4 are H.
  • R 2 is H.
  • R a and R b are Ci-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms, or R a and R b are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form a 3-8 membered cycloalkyl ring.
  • R 3 is H, CM alkyl, halogen, - R, -OR, -SR, -CO2R, or -C(0)R, wherein R is H, optionally substituted Ci-4 alkyl, or optionally substituted phenyl.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula VI- e, Vl-f Vl-g, or Vl-h:
  • Vl-e Vl-f Vl-g Vl-h or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
  • each of R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is as defined is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula Vl-i, Vl-j, Vl-k, VI-1, Vl-m, or Vl-n:
  • each of R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R a , and R b is as defined is as defined above and described in
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula VII- a:
  • Vll-a or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
  • each of R, R 3 , R a , and R b is as defined is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula I selected from those depicted in Table la, below:
  • the compound is selected from:
  • the present invention provides a compound selected from these depicted in Table lb, below.
  • each Q, T, and V is independently selected from N or H, S, O, CU, and CH; represents two double bonds within the ring, which comply with the valency requirements of the atoms and heteroatoms present in the ring;
  • k 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms; or
  • R a and R b taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8- membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;
  • each U is independently selected from halogen, cyano, -R, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -
  • each R is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, or an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6 aliphatic; a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated
  • monocyclic carbocyclic ring phenyl; an 8- to 10-membered bicyclic aryl ring; a 3- to 8- membered saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur; a 5- to 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-4 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; a 6- to 10-membered bicyclic saturated or partially unsaturated heterocyclic ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur; or a 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring having 1-5 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
  • Q is selected from N or NH, S, O, CU, and CH. In some embodiments, Q is selected from N or NH, S, O, CU, and CH. In some embodiments, Q is N or NH. In some embodiments, Q is S. In some embodiments, Q is O. In some embodiments, Q is CU. In some embodiments, Q is CH.
  • T is selected from N or NH, S, O, CU, and CH. In some embodiments, T is selected from N or NH, S, O, CU, and CH. In some embodiments, T is N or NH. In some embodiments, T is S. In some embodiments, T is O. In some embodiments, T is CU. In some embodiments, T is CH.
  • V is selected from N or NH, S, O, CU, and CH. In some embodiments, V is selected from N or NH, S, O, CU, and CH. In some embodiments, V is N or NH. In some embodiments, V is S. In some embodiments, V is O. In some embodiments, V is CU. In some embodiments, V is CH.
  • k is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. In some embodiments k is 0. In some embodiments, k is 1. In some embodiments, k is 2. In some embodiments, k is 3. In some embodiments, k is 4.
  • the ring formed is thiophene. In some embodiments, the ring formed is oxazole. In some embodiments, the ring formed is isothiazole.
  • one or more of Q and V are CH; T is S; is arranged to form a thiophene; and k is 0.
  • one or more of Q is CH; T is N or NH; V is O; is arranged to form an isoxazole; and k is 0.
  • one or more of Q is S; T and V are CH; * « -' is arranged to form a thiophene; k is 1; and U is -S(0) 2 R.
  • one or more of Q is S; T and V are CH; is arranged to form a thiophene; k is 1; and U is -S(0) 2 CH3.
  • one or more of Q is CH; T is N or H; V is S; is arranged to form an isothiazole; and k is 0.
  • the compound of formula VIII is selected from those depicted in Table 2, below:
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula IX-A or IX-B:
  • k 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4;
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms; or R a and R b , taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached, form a 3- to 8- membered cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl ring containing 1-2 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur;
  • each U is independently selected from halogen, cyano, -R, -OR, -SR, -N(R) 2 , -
  • each R is independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, and an optionally substituted group selected from Ci-6 aliphatic; a 3- to 8-membered saturated or partially unsaturated
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae IX-A or IX-B selected from those depicted in Table 3, below:
  • the compound is a deuterated form of a compound above or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula
  • R 1 is selected from -NH 2 , - HD, or - D 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from -Cth, -CH 2 D, -CHD 2 , or -CD 3 ;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula
  • R 1 is selected from -NH 2 , - HD, or - D 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 D, -CHD 2 , or -CD 3 ;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae
  • R 1 is selected from -NH 2 , -NHD, or -ND 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 D, -CHD 2 , or -CD 3 ;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 in formula XI-A is or contains deuterium.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae XII- A, XII-B, or XII-C:
  • R 1 is selected from -NH 2 , - HD, or - D 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 D, -CHD 2 , or -CD 3 ;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula
  • R 1 is selected from -NH 2 , -NHD, or -ND 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 D, -CHD 2 , or -CD 3 ;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula
  • R 1 is selected from -NH 2 , - HD, or - D 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 D, -CHD 2 , or -CD 3 ;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae
  • each A is independently hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 1 is selected from -NH 2 , -NHD, or -ND 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae XVI- A or XVI-B:
  • each A is independently hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 1 is selected from -NH 2 , - HD, or - D 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 D, -CHD 2 , or -CD 3 ;
  • R 8 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae XVII- A or XVII-B:
  • each A is independently hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 1 is selected from -NH 2 , -NHD, or -ND 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from -CH 3 , -CH 2 D, -CHD 2 , or -CD 3 ;
  • R 5 and R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula
  • R 1 is selected from -NH 2 , -NHD, or -ND 2 ;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from -Cth, -CH2D, -CHD2, or -CD3;
  • R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from hydrogen or deuterium;
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula
  • R 1 is selected from -NH2, - HD, or - D2;
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 3 and R 4 are independently selected from -Cth, -CH2D, -CHD2, or -CD3;
  • R 5 and R 6 are each independently selected from hydrogen or deuterium
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , or R 6 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 1 is selected from - H2, -NHD, or -ND 2 .
  • R 1 is -NH2. In some embodiments, R 1 is -NH2 and at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 1 is -NHD. In some embodiments, R 1 is -NHD and at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 1 is -ND2. In some embodiments, R 1 is -ND2 and at least one of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • A is selected from hydrogen or deuterium.
  • A is hydrogen. In some embodiments, A is hydrogen and at least one of R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium. In some embodiments, A is deuterium. In some embodiments, A is deuterium and at least one of R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 2 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium.
  • R 2 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 2 is hydrogen and at least one of R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium. In some embodiments, R 2 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 2 is deuterium and at least one of R 1 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 3 is selected from -Cth, -CH2D, -CHD2, or -CDs.
  • R 3 is -CH3. In some embodiments, R 3 is -CH3 and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 3 is -CH2D. In some embodiments, R 3 is -CH2D and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 3 is -CHD2. In some embodiments, R 3 is -CHD2 and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 3 is -CD3. In some embodiments, R 3 is -CD3 and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 4 is selected from -Cth, -CH2D, -CHD2, or -
  • R 4 is -CH3. In some embodiments, R 4 is -CH3 and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 4 is -CH2D. In some embodiments, R 4 is -CH2D and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 4 is -CHD2. In some embodiments, R 4 is -CHD2 and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 4 is -CD3. In some embodiments, R 4 is -CD3 and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 5 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium.
  • R 5 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 5 is hydrogen and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium. In some embodiments, R 5 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 5 is deuterium and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 6 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 6 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium.
  • R 6 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 6 is hydrogen and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium. In some embodiments, R 6 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 6 is deuterium and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 7 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 7 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium.
  • R 7 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 7 is hydrogen and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium. In some embodiments, R 7 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 7 is deuterium and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , or R 8 is or contains deuterium.
  • R 8 is selected from hydrogen or deuterium.
  • R 8 is hydrogen. In some embodiments, R 8 is hydrogen and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , or R 7 is or contains deuterium. In some embodiments, R 8 is deuterium. In some embodiments, R 8 is deuterium and at least one of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , or R 7 is or contains deuterium.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae X, X-A, XI-A, XI-B, XII-A, XII-B, XII-C, XIII, or XIV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is as defined above and described herein, and wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is as defined in an entry set forth in Table 4a, below.
  • Table 4a Exemplary Compounds of Formulae X. X-A. XI-A. XI-B. XII-A. XII-B. XII-C.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae X, X-A, XI-A, XI-B, XII-A, XII-B, XII-C, XIII, or XIV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is as defined above and described herein, and wherein each of R 3 and R 4 is as defined in an entry set forth in Table 4b, below.
  • Table 4b Exemplary Compounds of Formulae X, X-A, XI-A, XI-B, XII-A, XII-B, XII-C,
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae X, X-A, XI-A, XI-B, XII-A, XII-B, XII-C, XIII, or XIV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 is as defined above and described herein, and wherein each of R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 is as defined in an entry set forth in Table 4c, below.
  • Table 4c Exemplary Compounds of Formulae X, X-A, XI-A, XI-B, XII-A, XII-B, XII-C,
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae X, X-A, XI-A, XI-B, XII-A, XII-B, XII-C, XIII, or XIV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is as defined in an entry set forth in Table 4a, above, each of R 3 and R 4 is as defined in an entry set forth in Table 4b, above, and each of R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 , is as defined in an entry set forth in Table 4c, above.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound selected from those recited in any of Table 4a, Table 4b, or Table 4c, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula X selected from these depicted in Table 5, below.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound depicted in Table 5, above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the present invention provides a deuterium-enriched analogue of a compound depicted in Table 6, below, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in which deuterium is enriched at any available hydrogen.
  • the compound for use in the method is any compound described herein comprising one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, or thirteen deuterium atoms.
  • the compound for use in the method is any compound described above and herein in isolated form.
  • isolated means that a compound is provide in a form that is separated from other compounds that might be present in the usual environment of that compound.
  • an isolated compound is in solid form.
  • provided compounds comprise deuterium in an amount of about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%), or about 100%.
  • about means ⁇ 2%.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula XX:
  • R 1 is H, D, or halogen
  • R 2 is H, D, or halogen
  • R 3 is H, D, Br, or I
  • R 4 is H, D, or halogen
  • R 5 is H, D, or halogen
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R 1 is H, D, or halogen.
  • R 1 is H. In some embodiments, R 1 is D. In some embodiments, R 1 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 1 is CI. In some embodiments, R 1 is Br.
  • R 2 is H, D, or halogen.
  • R 2 is H. In some embodiments, R 2 is D. In some embodiments, R 2 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 2 is CI. In some embodiments, R 2 is Br.
  • R 3 is H, D, Br, or I.
  • R 3 is H. In some embodiments, R 3 is D. In some embodiments,
  • R 3 is Br. In some embodiments, R 3 is I.
  • R 4 is H, D, or halogen.
  • R 4 is H. In some embodiments, R 4 is D. In some embodiments, R 4 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 4 is CI. In some embodiments, R 4 is Br.
  • R 5 is H, D, or halogen.
  • R 5 is H. In some embodiments, R 5 is D. In some embodiments, R 5 is halogen. In some embodiments, R 5 is CI. In some embodiments, R 5 is Br.
  • R 6 is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic.
  • R a is Ci-4 alkyl.
  • R a is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or isopropyl.
  • R a is methyl.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R 7 is Ci-4 aliphatic substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic.
  • R b is Ci-4 alkyl.
  • R b is Ci-4 ablkyl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 fluorine atoms.
  • R b is methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, or isopropyl. In some embodiments, R b is methyl.
  • R a and R b are methyl or ethyl. In some embodiments, R a and R b are methyl.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula
  • each of R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R a , and R b is as defined is as defined above and described in
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula
  • each of R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R a , and R b is as defined is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae XX-c XX-d, XX-e, or XX-f :
  • each of R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R a , and R b is as defined is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae X -g, XX-h, XX-i, or XX-j :
  • each of R 2 , R 4 , R 5 , R a , and R b is as defined is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formulae XX-k or XX-1:
  • each of R a and R b is as defined is as defined above and described in embodiments herein, both singly and in combination.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula
  • R 1 is H, D, or halogen
  • R 2 is H, D, or halogen
  • R 3 is H, D, Br, or I
  • R 4 is H, D, or halogen
  • R 5 is H, D, or halogen
  • R a is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms
  • R b is Ci-4 aliphatic optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 deuterium or halogen atoms.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one compound according to formulae XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX-1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5:
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one additional compound selected from XX-1, XX-2, XX-3, XX-4, or XX-5; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and two additional compounds selected from XX-1, XX-2, XX-3, XX-4, or XX-5; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and three additional compounds selected from XX-1, XX-2, XX-3, XX-4, or XX-5; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and four additional compounds selected from XX-1, XX-2, XX-3, XX-4, or XX-5; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and one additional compound selected from XX-2, XX-3, or XX-4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and two additional compounds selected from XX-2, XX-3, or XX-4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition comprises XX-2, XX-3, and XX-4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and XX-1; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and XX-2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and XX-3; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and XX-4; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and XX-5; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound of formula XX selected from those depicted in Table 7, below.
  • the compound for use in the method is a compound depicted in Table 7, above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the compound for use in the method is any compound described above and herein in isolated form.
  • isolated means that a compound is provided in a form that is separated from other components that might be present in the usual environment of that compound.
  • an isolated compound is in solid form.
  • an isolated compound is at least about 50% pure as determined by a suitable HPLC method.
  • an isolated compound is at least about 60%>, 70%>, 80%>, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.99%, or 99.999% as determined by a suitable HPLC method.
  • the compound for use in the method is any compound described above and herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the composition for use in the method contains a compound of any one of formulae XX, XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX- k, or XX-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in an amount of at least about 97, 97.5, 98, 98.5, 99.0, 99.5, 99.8, 99.9, 99.95, or 99.999 weight percent where the percentages are based on the free base of said compound and the total weight of the composition.
  • the composition contains no more than about 2.0 area percent HPLC of total organic impurities or, in other embodiments, no more than about 1.5, 1.25, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0.2, 0.1, 0.01, 0.005, or 0.001 area percent HPLC total organic impurities relative to the total area of the HPLC chromatogram.
  • a composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, at least one compound of formulae XX, XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX-1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the composition contains the compound of formula 1-5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in an amount of about 1 weight percent to about 99 weight percent, where the percentages are based on the free base of said compound and on the total weight of the composition.
  • the composition contains no more than about 2.0 area percent HPLC of total organic impurities or, in other embodiments, no more than about 1.5, 1.25, 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25, 0.2, 0.1, 0.01, 0.005, or 0.001 area percent HPLC total organic impurities relative to the total area of the HPLC chromatogram.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a compound of formulae XX, XX- a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX-1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound of formula 1-5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises about 98% and the compound of formulae XX, XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX-1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises about 2% of the total weight of the compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof taken together or of the total HPLC peak area
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a compound of formulae XX, XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX-1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound of formula 1-5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises about 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.99%, or 99.999%, and the compound of formulae XX, XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XXX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX- 1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt
  • the compound of formulae XX, XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX-1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises about 100 ppm, 50 ppm, 10 ppm, 1 ppm, 500 ppb, 100 ppb, or 10 ppb of the total weight of the compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof taken together.
  • the composition for use in the method comprises a compound of formula 1-5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a compound of formulae XX, XX- a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX-1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the compound of formula 1-5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises about 99%-99.9999%, 99.5-99.9999%, 99.6- 99.9999%, 99.7-99.9999%, 99.8-99.9999%, 99.9-99.9999%, 99.95-99.9999%, 99.99-99.9999%, or 99.999-99.9999%, and the compound of formulae XX, XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX- f, XX-g, XX-
  • the compound of formula 1-5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and the compound of formula XX, XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX-1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are present in a ratio of about 98:2, 99: 1, 99.5:0.5, 99.6:0.4, 99.7:0.3, 99.8:0.2, 99.9:0.1, 99.95:0.05, 99.99:0.01, or 99.999:0.001.
  • the compound of any of formulae XX, XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX- d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX-1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises about 0.01-0.20 area percent of the HPLC chromatogram relative to the compound of formula 1-5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the compound of formulae XX, XX-a, XX-b, XX-c, XX-d, XX-e, XX-f, XX-g, XX-h, XX-i, XX-j, XX-k, or XX-1, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof comprises about 0.02-0.18, 0.03-0.16, 0.05-0.15, 0.075-0.13, 0.09-0.1, 0.1-0.2, or 0.15-0.2 area percent of the HPLC chromatogram relative to the compound of formula 1-5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
  • the foregoing area percentages of the HPLC chromatogram are measured relative to the total area of the HPLC chromatogram.
  • the present invention provides any compound described above and herein in isolated form.
  • isolated means that a compound is provided in a form that is separated from other components that might be present in that compound's usual environment.
  • an isolated compound is in solid form.
  • an isolated compound is at least about 50% pure as determined by a suitable HPLC method.
  • an isolated compound is at least about 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.6%, 99.7%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 99.95%, 99.99%, or 99.999% as determined by a suitable HPLC method.
  • the compounds of the disclosure are used to treat inflammatory disorders.
  • the compound is administered in a therapeutically effective amount to a subject to treat a systemic inflammatory disorder.
  • the systemic inflammatory disorder is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), inflammatory bowl disease (IBD), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis (UC), psoriasis, IBS (irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colon), ankylosing spondylitis, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis, sep
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is used to treat a systemic disease, disorder, or condition.
  • the systemic disease, disorder, or condition is light chain deposition disease, IgA nephropathy, end- stage renal disease, gout, pseudogout, diabetic nephrophathy, diabetic neuropathy, traumatic brain injury, noise-induced hearing loss, Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington Malase, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, uterine leiomyoma, sarcoidosis, or chronic kidney disease.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
  • NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
  • NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat inflammatory bowl disease (IBD).
  • IBD inflammatory bowl disease
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat Crohn's disease.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat ulcerative colitis (UC).
  • UC ulcerative colitis
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat psoriasis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) or spastic colon.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat ankylosing spondylitis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat osteoporosis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  • RA rheumatoid arthritis
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat psoriatic arthritis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat atherosclerosis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat atopic dermatitis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat rosacea.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat lupus nephritis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat sepsis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat eosinophilic esophagitis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • CKD chronic kidney disease
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat fibrotic renal disease.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat chronic eosinophilic pneumonia.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat pre-eclampsia.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat endometriosis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  • PCOS polycystic ovary syndrome
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat reduced female fertility.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat reduced sperm viability and motility.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of light chain deposition disease.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of IgA nephropathy.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of end-stage renal disease.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of gout.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of pseudogout.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of diabetic nephrophathy.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of diabetic neurophathy.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of traumatic brain injury.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of noise- induced hearing loss.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of Parkinson's disease.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of Huntington' s disease.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of primary biliary cirrhosis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of uterine leiomyoma.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of sarcoidosis.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for treatment and/or prevention of chronic kidney disease.
  • the inflammatory disorder is an ocular inflammatory disorder.
  • the ocular inflammatory disorder is diabetic macular edema (DME), atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC), vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), dry eye disease (DED), allergic conjunctivitis (AC), dry eye disease with allergic conjunctivitis, noninfectious anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, pan-uveitis, post-surgical ocular pain and inflammation.
  • DME diabetic macular edema
  • ACD age-related macular degeneration
  • DED dry eye disease
  • AC allergic conjunctivitis
  • dry eye disease with allergic conjunctivitis noninfectious anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, pan-uveitis, post-surgical ocular pain and inflammation.
  • the compound of the disclosure is administered in an effective amount for the prevention of corneal fibrosis after radial keratotomy, prevention of corneal fibrosis after trauma, or prevention of corneal fibrosis after infection.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat diabetic macular edema (DME).
  • DME diabetic macular edema
  • the diabetic macular edema for treatment is non-clinically significant macular edema (Non-CSME).
  • the diabetic macular edema for treatment is clinically significant macular edema (CSME).
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat uveitis, including pan-uveitis, anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, and non-infectious uveitis, which are ocular disorders that can be secondary to a primary underlying disorder.
  • uveitis including pan-uveitis, anterior uveitis, posterior uveitis, and non-infectious uveitis, which are ocular disorders that can be secondary to a primary underlying disorder.
  • Some of the disorders with which uveitis is sometimes associated are Behcet's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, Lyme disease, sarcoidosis, and psoriasis.
  • Uveitis is an inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
  • a standard course of therapy for uveitis is a topical corticosteroid, and in some instances, a dilator such a cyclopentolate, or an immunomodulatory agent.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) or vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC).
  • AZA anterior keratoconjunctivitis
  • VKC vernal keratoconjunctivitis
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
  • AMD age-related macular degeneration
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat dry eye disease (DED).
  • DED dry eye disease
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat allergic conjunctivitis (AC).
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat DED with AC.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount to treat post-surgical ocular pain and inflammation.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for prevention of corneal fibrosis after radial keratotomy.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for prevention of corneal fibrosis after trauma.
  • a compound of the disclosure, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered in an effective amount for prevention of corneal fibrosis after infection.
  • the compound for treating each of the inflammatory diseases or conditions above is a compound of formulae I to XX or subformulae thereof as described above, including any one of the exemplary compounds of Table la, Table lb, Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, Table 6, Table 7, or the other tables above.
  • a method of the inflammatory disorder comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of compound 1-22, 1-5 or 1-6 of Table la or Table lb, such as compound 1-22.
  • the compound above is used in combination with a second therapeutic agent.
  • the compounds of the disclosure can be administered with one or more of a second therapeutic agent, sequentially or concurrently, either by the same route or by different routes of administration. When administered sequentially, the time between administrations is selected to benefit, among others, the therapeutic efficacy and/or safety of the combination treatment.
  • the compound of the disclosure can be administered first followed by a second therapeutic agent, or alternatively, the second therapeutic agent administered first followed by the compound of the disclosure.
  • the compound of the disclosure can be administered for the same duration as the second therapeutic agent, or alternatively, for a longer or shorter duration as the second therapeutic compound.
  • the compounds of the disclosure can be administered separately at the same time as the second therapeutic agent, by the same or different routes, or administered in a single composition by the same route.
  • the compound of the disclosure is prepared as a first pharmaceutical composition
  • the second therapeutic agent prepared as a second pharmaceutical composition, where the first pharmaceutical composition and the second pharmaceutical composition are administered simultaneously, sequentially, or separately.
  • the amount and frequency of administration of the second therapeutic agent can used standard dosages and standard administration frequencies used for the particular therapeutic agent. See, e.g., Physicians' Desk Reference, 70th Ed., PDR Network, 2015; incorporated herein by reference.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a leukotriene inhibitor, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), steroid, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, receptor kinase inhibitor, modulator of nuclear receptor family of transcription factor, HSP90 inhibitor, adenosine receptor (A 2 A) agonist, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS), phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, neutrophil elastase inhibitor, modulator of Axl kinase, or combinations thereof.
  • NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
  • steroid steroid
  • tyrosine kinase inhibitor inhibitor
  • receptor kinase inhibitor modulator of nuclear receptor family of transcription factor
  • HSP90 inhibitor adenosine receptor (A 2 A) agonist
  • DARDS disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
  • PDE phosphodiesterase
  • neutrophil elastase inhibitor modulator of Axl kinase, or combinations thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a leukotriene inhibitor.
  • the leukotriene inhibitor is montelukast, zafirlukast, pranlukast, zileuton, or combinations thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a an NSAID.
  • the NSAID is acetylsalicylic acid, diflunisal, salsalate, ibuprofen, dexibuprofen, naioxen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, dexketoprofen, flurbiprofen, oxaprozin, loxoprofen, indomethacin, tolmetin, sulindac, etodolac, ketorolac, diclofenac, aceclofenac, nabumetone, piroxicam, meloxicam, tenoxicam, droxicam, lornoxicam, phenylbutazone, mefenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, flufenamic acid, tolfenamic acid, celecoxib or combinations thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a steroid.
  • the steroid is prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisone, triacmcinolone, betamethasone, dexamethasone, and prodrugs thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
  • the tyrosine kinase inhibitor is an inhibitor of the following kinases, including, among others, JAK, Syk, JNK/SAPK, MAPK, PI-3K, or Ripk2.
  • the tyrosine kinase inhibitor is ruxolitinib, tofacitinib, oclactinib, filgotinib, ganotinib, lestaurtinib, momelotinib, pacritinib, upadacitinib, peficitinib, fedratinib, bentamapimod, D-JNKI-1 (XG-102, AM-111), ponatinib, WEHI-345, OD36, GSK583, idelalisib, copanlisib, taselisib, duvelisib, alpelisib, umbralisib, dactolisib, CUDC-907, entospletinib, fostamatinib, or combinations thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a receptor kinase inhibitor, including among others, and inhibitor of EGFR or HER2.
  • the receptor kinase inhibitor is gefitinib, erlotinib, neratinib, lapatinib, cetuximab, panitumumab, vandetanib, necitumumab, osimertinib, trastuzumab, neratinib, lapatinib, pertuzumab, or combinations thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a modulator of nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, including, among others, and inhibitor of PPAR, RXR, FXR, or LXR.
  • the inhibitor is pioglitazone, bexarotene, obeticholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, fexaramine, hypocholamide, or combinations thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is an HSP90 inhibitor.
  • the HSP90 inhibitor is ganetespib, 17-AAG (17-allylaminogeldanamycin, NSC330507), 17-DMAG (17-dimethylaminoethylamino- 17-demethoxy-geldanamycin, NSC707545), IPI-504, C FIOIO, C F2024, C FIOIO, or combinations thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is an adenosine receptor 2A (A 2 A) agonist.
  • a 2 A adenosine receptor 2A
  • the adenosine receptor agonist is, amoung others, disclosed in US 9,067,963, which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the adenosine receptor agonist is LNC-3050, LNC-3015, LNC-3047, LNC-3052, or combinations thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is selected from disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDS).
  • DMARDS is, among others, tocilizumab, certolizumab, etanercept, adalimumab, anakinra, abatacept, infliximab, rituximab, golimumab, uteskinumab, or combinations thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor.
  • PDE phosphodiesterase
  • the phosphodiesterase inhibitor is apremilast, crisaborole, piclimilast, drotaverine, ibudulast, roflumilast, sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, or combinations thereof.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a neutrophil elastase inhibitor.
  • the neutrophil elastase inhibitor is, among others, sivelestat.
  • the second therapeutic agent is a modulator of Axl kinase.
  • the modulator of Axl kinase is bemcentinib (BGB324 or R428), TP-0903, LY2801653, amuvatinib (MP-470), bosutinib (SKI-606), MGCD 265, ASP2215, cabozantinib (XL184), foretinib (GSK1363089/XL880), and SGI-7079.
  • the modulator of Axl kinase is a monoclonal antibody targeting AXL (e.g., YW327.6S2) or an AXL decoy receptor (e.g., GL2I.T), or glesatinib, merestinib, or a dual Flt3-Axl inhibitor such as gilteritinib.
  • AXL e.g., YW327.6S2
  • AXL decoy receptor e.g., GL2I.T
  • glesatinib, merestinib glesatinib, merestinib
  • a dual Flt3-Axl inhibitor such as gilteritinib.
  • the compounds and compositions, according to the method of the present disclosure are administered using any amount and any route of administration and any duration of treatment effective for treating or lessening the severity of a disorder provided above.
  • the exact amount required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, and general condition of the subject, the severity of the disorder, the particular agent, its mode of administration, and the like.
  • the compounds are preferably formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage.
  • dosage unit form or "unit dosage form” as used herein refers to a physically discrete unit of agent appropriate for the patient to be treated. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compounds and compositions described herein can be decided by the attending physician within the scope of sound medical judgment.
  • the specific effective dose level for any particular patient or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disorder being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific compound employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex and diet of the patient; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific compound employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific compound employed, and like factors well known in the medical arts.
  • compositions of the compounds can be administered to humans and other animals orally, rectally, intrathecally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intranasally, parenterally, intracisternally, intravaginally, intraperitoneally, intravitreally, topically (as by powders, ointments, or drops), buccally, as an oral or nasal spray, or the like, depending on the severity of the condition being treated.
  • the compounds described herein are administered orally or parenterally at dosage levels of about 0.01 mg/kg to about 50 mg/kg and preferably from about 1 mg/kg to about 25 mg/kg, of subject body weight per day, one or more times a day, to obtain the desired therapeutic effect.
  • the compounds are administered systemically, such as by oral or parenteral administration.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs.
  • the liquid dosage forms may contain inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (in particular, cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof.
  • the oral compositions can also include
  • Injectable preparations for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions may be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents.
  • the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution, suspension or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol.
  • the acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P. and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
  • sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
  • any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
  • fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.
  • Injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial- retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.
  • the rate of compound release can be controlled.
  • biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides).
  • Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the compound in liposomes or microemulsions that are compatible with body tissues.
  • Subcutaneous depot formulations are also prepared with hyaluronidase.
  • compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are preferably suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the compounds described herein with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
  • suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active compound.
  • Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules.
  • the active compound is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, and acacia, c) humectants such as glycerol, d) disintegrating agents such as agar-agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl
  • Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard- filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of embedding compositions that can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similar type may also be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.
  • the active compounds can also be in micro-encapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above.
  • the solid dosage forms of tablets, dragees, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art.
  • the active compound may be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose or starch.
  • Such dosage forms may also comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose.
  • the dosage forms may also comprise buffering agents. They may optionally contain opacifying agents and can also be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner.
  • buffering agents include polymeric substances and waxes.
  • Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of a compound of the present disclosure include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants or patches.
  • the active component is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers as may be required.
  • Ophthalmic formulation, ear drops, and eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this disclosure.
  • the embodiments herein contemplate the use of transdermal patches, which have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of a compound to the body.
  • Such dosage forms can be made by dissolving or dispensing the compound in the proper medium.
  • Absorption enhancers can also be used to increase the flux of the compound across the skin. The rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane or by dispersing the compound in a polymer matrix or gel.
  • the compounds of the present disclosure can also be administered topically, such as directly to the eye, e.g., as an eye-drop or ophthalmic ointment.
  • Eye drops typically comprise an effective amount of at least one compound described herein and a carrier capable of being safely applied to an eye.
  • the eye drops are in the form of an isotonic solution, and the pH of the solution is adjusted so that there is no irritation of the eye.
  • the epithelial barrier interferes with penetration of molecules into the eye.
  • most currently used ophthalmic drugs are supplemented with some form of penetration enhancer.
  • penetration enhancers work by loosening the tight junctions of the most superior epithelial cells (Burstein, 1985, Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K 104(Pt 4):402-9; Ashton et al., 1991, J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 259(2):719-24; Green et al., 1971, Am J Ophthalmol. 72(5):897-905).
  • the most commonly used penetration enhancer is benzalkonium chloride (Tang et al., 1994, J Pharm Sci. 83(l):85-90; Burstein et al, 1980, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 19(3):308-13), which also works as preservative against microbial contamination. It is typically added to a final concentration of 0.01-0.05%.
  • the compounds for use in the method can be formulated with a cyclodextrin, for example as described in U.S. patent publication no. US 2012/0302601, incorporated herein by reference.
  • the cyclodextrin for use in the pharmaceutical compositions can be selected from a-cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
  • the cyclodextrin for use in the methods is selected from ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ -cyclodextrin, derivatives thereof, and combinations thereof.
  • the compounds can be formulated with a cyclodextrin or derivative thereof selected from carboxyalkyl cyclodextrin, hydroxyalkyl cyclodextrin, sulfoalkylether cyclodextrin, and an alkyl cyclodextrin.
  • the alkyl group in the cyclodextrin is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl.
  • the cyclodextrin is ⁇ -cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof.
  • the ⁇ -cyclodextrin or derivative thereof is selected from carboxyalkyl-a- cyclodextrin, hydroxyalkyl-a-cyclodextrin, sulfoalkylether-a-cyclodextrin, alkyl-a-cyclodextrin, and combinations thereof.
  • the alkyl group in the ⁇ -cyclodextrin derivative is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl.
  • the cyclodextrin is ⁇ -cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof.
  • the ⁇ -cyclodextrin or derivative thereof is selected from carboxyalkyl- ⁇ - cyclodextrin, hydroxyalkyl ⁇ -cyclodextrin, sulfoalkylether ⁇ -cyclodextrin, alkyl ⁇ -cyclodextrin, and combinations thereof.
  • the alkyl group in the ⁇ -cyclodextrin derivative is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl.
  • the ⁇ -cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof is hydroxyalkyl- ⁇ - cyclodextrin or sulfoalkylether ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
  • the hydroxyalkyl- ⁇ - cyclodextrin is hydroxypropyl ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
  • the sulfoalkylether- ⁇ - cyclodextrin is sulfobutylether ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
  • ⁇ -cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof is alkyl ⁇ -cyclodextrin, in particular methyl ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
  • the ⁇ -cyclodextrin is randomly methylated ⁇ - cyclodextrin.
  • the cyclodextrin is ⁇ -cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof.
  • the ⁇ -cyclodextrin or derivative thereof is selected from carboxyalkyl- ⁇ - cyclodextrin, hydroxyalkyl-y-cyclodextrin, sulfoalkylether-y-cyclodextrin, and alkyl- ⁇ - cyclodextrin.
  • the alkyl group in the ⁇ -cyclodextrin derivative is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or pentyl.
  • the ⁇ -cyclodextrin or derivative thereof is hydroxyalkyl-y-cyclodextrin or sulfoalkylether-y-cyclodextrin.
  • the hydroxyalkyl-y-cyclodextrin is hydroxypropyl-y-cyclodextrin.
  • the cyclodextrin when used in a formulation with the compound, can be present at about 0.1 w/v to about 30% w/v, about 0.1 w/v to about 20% w/v, about 0.5% w/v to about 10% w/v, or about 1% w/v to about 5% w/v.
  • the cyclodextrin is present at about 0.1%) w/v, about 0.2% w/v, about 0.5% w/v, about 1% w/v, about 2% w/v, about 3% w/v, about 4%) w/v, about 5%) w/v, about 6% w/v, about 7% w/v, about 8% w/v, about 9% w/v, about 10% w/v, about 12% w/v, about 14% w/v, about 16% w/v, about 18% w/v, about 20% w/v, about 25% w/v, or about 30% w/v or more.
  • the compound can be present at a concentration of about 0.05% w/v to about 10% w/v, about 0.1% w/v to about 5% w/v, about 0.2% w/v to about 4% w/v, about 0.3% to about 3% w/v, about 0.4% w/v to about 2% w/v, or about 0.5% w/v to about 1.5% w/v.
  • the compound can be present at a concentration at about least about 0.05% w/v, about 0.1% w/v, about 0.2% w/v, about 0.3% w/v, about 0.4%) w/v, about 0.5% w/v, about 0.6% w/v, about 0.7% w/v, about 0.8% w/v, about 0.9% w/v, about 1% w/v, about 1.5% w/v, about 2% w/v, about 3% w/v, about 4% w/v, about 5% w/v, about 6%) w/v, about 7% w/v, about 8% w/v, about 9% w/v, or about 10% w/v.
  • the concentrations are for a formulation with a cyclodextrin, such as ⁇ -cyclodextrin.
  • the amount administered topically can be about 20 to about 100 ⁇ _, per dose, about 30 to 80 ⁇ _, per dose or about 40 to 60 ⁇ _, per dose of a defined concentration of the compound effective for treating the disorder.
  • compound 1-22, 1-5 or 1-6 of Table la or Table lb is formulated with a ⁇ -cyclodextrin, such as hydroxypropyl-P-cyclodextrin or sulfobutylether-P-cyclodextrin.
  • the compound is formulated as an ophthalmic solution such as those described in US provisional patent application serial no. US 62/736,417, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
  • the compound is 1-5.
  • Diabetic macular edema is a common cause of vision loss. Hyperglycemia leads to carbonyl stress in the retina, resulting in accumulation of toxic aldehydes such as methylglyoxal, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal, and malondialdehyde, which induce inflammatory changes in the eye, including the development of DME.
  • toxic aldehydes such as methylglyoxal, 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal, and malondialdehyde, which induce inflammatory changes in the eye, including the development of DME.
  • Type 1 diabetes was induced in male brown Norway rats by intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 55 mg/kg). Forty days after STZ administration, animals were assessed for the presence of diabetes by testing blood glucose levels.
  • STZ streptozotocin
  • Compound 1-22 was supplied as a preformulated sterile solution at 5 mg/mL.
  • the vehicle was 25% hydroxypropyl-P-cyclodextrin solution (333 mOsm/kg) in a sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2.
  • Animals with diabetes were assigned to groups of ten, to receive either vehicle (HPpCD) or compound 1-22.
  • the study consisted of three groups of male brown Norway rats. Diabetes and diabetic retinopathy were induced in Groups 2 and 3 by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) on Day 0; Group 1 animals served as non-STZ (non-diabetic) untreated controls.
  • STZ streptozotocin
  • Vehicle 3.5 ⁇
  • Compound 1-22 17.5 ⁇ g per eye; 3.5 ⁇
  • Clinical observations (daily), body weights (weekly), qualitative food consumption, and blood glucose levels (weekly) were assessed.
  • ERG electroretinography
  • OCT optical coherence tomography
  • FFA fundus fluorescein angiography
  • Type 1 diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of 55 mg/kg STZ after an overnight fast.
  • the STZ dosing solution (27.5 mg/mL) was prepared immediately prior to injection by dissolving STZ (Sigma-Aldrich Corp, St. Louis, MO, Catalog S0130) in a citrate solution (see below) followed by filtration of the STZ solution using a 0.2 ⁇ syringe filter (Pall Life Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, Catalog PN4192).
  • the STZ dosing solution was used for injection within approximately 30 minutes after reconstitution.
  • the citrate solution (0.01 M) used for reconstitution of STZ was made by mixing 1.9 g citric acid (Sigma-Aldrich Corp, St. Louis, MO, Catalog C0759) with 1 L 0.9% Sodium Chloride for Injection (Hospira DC0409-7983-02, Lot 62-034-JT), adjusting the pH to 4.5 with sodium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich Corp, St. Louis, MO, Catalog S2770 for 1 N NaOH) followed by filtration of the STZ solution using a 0.2 ⁇ syringe filter.
  • This citrate solution was stored at room temperature and used for reconstituting STZ within two weeks of preparation.
  • Non-fasting blood glucose levels were determined prior to STZ administration, weekly thereafter and at necropsy, by a glucometer (AlphaTrak Blood Glucose Monitoring System, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL).
  • Electroretinography was performed on Days 55, 62 and 69. After an overnight dark adaption, both eyes were dilated with 1% tropicamide. Animals were anesthetized by isoflurane prior to the procedure. ERG responses to light stimuli (8.0 cd s/m 2 ) were recorded by RETevet (LKC Technologies, Inc.). Implicit times and amplitudes of a-waves and b-waves were reported. There was a deviation from the protocol in which ERG was not performed prior to Test Article administration (-Day 40). The deviation had no impact on the conclusion of the study. Baseline ERG measurements are not required to determine efficacy of the Test Article. A Day-62 ERG assessment was added to the study.
  • OCT optical coherence tomography
  • FFA fundus fluorescein angiography
  • Retinas of both eyes in each animal were scanned by OCT (Envisu R-Class, Leica/Bioptogen). Thickness of retinal mid-layers, approximately including the outer plexiform layer (OPL), the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the photoreceptor inner segment (IS), were measured using Bioptigen InVivoVue Reader software. For each eye, four (4) digital calipers were placed randomly on a cross-section image between OPL and IS, away from optic nerve; and measurements were exported to Microsoft Excel files. An average thickness of each retina was calculated from the four (4) measurements, using Microsoft Excel.
  • Necropsy Animals were euthanized on Day 71. Both eyes of each animal were enucleated and fixed in modified Davidson's solution overnight before being transferred to 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological processing and evaluation at the Testing Facility. The carcasses were disposed of without further analysis.
  • STZ injected rats showed elevated blood glucose levels and reduced body weight (and body weight gain) from one week post-STZ administration until the end of study, compared to the non-diabetic control rats (Group 1).
  • rats in the vehicle- treated diabetic group (Group 2) exhibited delayed ERG a-waves and b-waves, and thickened retinal mid-layers by OCT at 8, 9 and 10 weeks post-STZ injection.
  • Increased vascular leakage (FFA) was observed at 8 and 9 weeks post-STZ injection in Group 2 as well. No statistically significant differences were observed between the Test Article-treated Group 3 and the Vehicle- treated Group 2 for these parameters (body weights, glucose levels, ERG, OCT or FFA).
  • OCT showed a mean retinal thickness of 82.3 ⁇ in the compound I-22-treated group, and 83.3 ⁇ in the vehicle- treated group. Retinal thickness in the compound I-22-treated group was reduced at Weeks 9 and 10, however it was not statistically significant from the vehicle treated group.
  • a further analysis of the change in retinal thickness based on scoring of microscopically visible changes also showed a reduction in retinal thickness in diabetic rats treated with compound 1-22 compared to the vehicle treated rats.
  • Statistical analysis was performed by a non-parametric Dunn' s multiple comparison followed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Treatment with compound 1-22 resulted in a statically significant decrease in retinal thickness.
  • a decrease in vascular leakage was observed between the diabetic compound 1-22- treated group and the vehicle-treated group, but the decrease did not reach statistical significance.
  • significant histopathological improvements were observed following treatment with compound 1-22, ERG, OCT, or FFA did not show statistically significant effects following treatment with compound 1-22.
  • Diabetic retinopathy was successfully induced in rats in this 10-week study. Histopathologic scoring showed statistically significant reductions in severities of retinopathy lesions in Compound I-22-treated diabetic rats compared to vehicle-treated diabetic rats. Interestingly, clinical evaluations (ERG, OCT or FFA) did not show any statistically significant Test Article effects.
  • Compound 1-22 (5 mg/mL) was administered intravitreally into each eye (25 ⁇ g/eye), or topically to both eyes at 1, 3, 7, 10, and 17 hours post-LPS injection, within one hour of LPS administration.
  • Balanced salt solution (BSS) served as a vehicle control. Retinal exams were performed prior to study start and six and 24 hours following LPS administration and scored using a Combined Draize and McDonald Shadduck scoring system, based on assessments of: retinal vasculopathy and retinal hemorrhage, exudate, and detachment.
  • Parameters evaluated during the study included changes in the anterior and posterior segments of the eye.
  • Endotoxin-induced uveitis was created by a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 ⁇ .) into one hind footpad.
  • LPS lipopolysaccharide
  • Ten (10) female Lewis rats per group received control (balanced salt solution, BSS) or test article (compound 1-22) topically to both eyes at 1, 3, 7, 10, and 17 hours post-LPS injection.
  • BSS balanced salt solution
  • test article compound 1-22
  • Ophthalmic examinations were performed on both eyes of each animal approximately six and 24 hours following LPS administration, using slit-lamp biomicroscopy and a surgical microscope or via indirect ophthalmoscopy. Pupils were dilated with 1% Tropicamide Ophthalmic Solution before ophthalmic examinations.
  • rats that had received Compound 1-22 topical had a significantly lower (p ⁇ 0.05) overall ophthalmic examination score than rats that had received control topically.
  • the overall scores for rat that had received Compound 1-22 topical were significantly lower (p ⁇ 0.05) than rats that had received control topically.
  • Ocular exam scores were significantly improved, compared to vehicle, at 6 hours and 24 hours after topical (TO) administration of Compound 1-5 or Compound 1-22.
  • Total ocular inflammation, anterior chanber fnflammation and retina-choroid inflammation scores were all lower in the Compound 1-5- or Compound I-22-treated groups.
  • ocular exam scores were also significantly improved vs. vehicle.
  • Total ocular inflammation, anterior chamber inflammation, and retina-choroid inflammation for intravitreal administration were all lower in the Compound 1-5- and Compound I-22-treated groups compared to vehicles.
  • Example 3 A Multi-Center, Phase 2b, Randomized, Double-Masked, Parallel-Group, Vehicle-Controlled, Clinical Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of 1-5 Ophthalmic Solution (0.25% and 0.1%) Compared to Vehicle in Subjects with Dry Eye Disease
  • Duration A subject's participation was estimated to be approximately 14 weeks (98 days).
  • Treatment During the 12-week (84 ⁇ 3 days) treatment period, 1-5 Ophthalmic Solution at concentrations of 0.1%>, 0.25%, or vehicle ophthalmic solution was administered QID by bilateral topical ocular dosing. Subjects were randomized to one of three treatment groups (1 : 1 : 1) to receive study drug after the Post-CAE® assessments at Visit 2.
  • HIPAA Health Information Portability and Accountability Act
  • Visit 1 Had any clinically significant slit lamp findings at Visit 1 that may have included active blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), lid margin
  • Non-childbearing potential was defined as a woman who is permanently sterilized (e.g., has had a hysterectomy or tubal ligation), or was postmenopausal (without menses for 12 consecutive months);
  • acceptable methods of contraception include: hormonal - oral, implantable, injectable, or transdermal contraceptives; mechanical - spermicide in conjunction with a barrier such as a diaphragm or condom;
  • IUD intrauterine device
  • Lissamine green staining (Ora Calibra® scale); regions: inferior, superior, central, temporal, nasal, corneal sum, conjunctival sum, and total eye score)
  • IOP Intraocular Pressure
  • phase 2b data are shown in FIGS. 1 through 8 and Table above. Key Observations From Phase 2b Clinical Trial
  • DSS dextran sulfate sodium
  • UC ulcerative colitis
  • mice have been shown to develop acute colitis with signs of diarrhea, gross rectal bleeding, and body weight loss within six to ten days after ingesting 3% to 10% DSS (Okayasu, 1990). Gross and histopathologic changes resulting from this treatment resemble those occurring in human ulcerative colitis, a subset of inflammatory bowel disease (Okayasu, 1990; MacDermott, 1992; Cooper, 1993). Compounds that are effective in the treatment of human IBD have activity in this model and it is being used to investigate potential new therapies (Axelsson, 1998; Egger, 1999; Miceli, 1999).
  • mice Female Swiss Webster mice, aged six to eight weeks, were used in the study. The mice weighed approximately 20 to 27 grams (mean 23 g) at enrollment on Study Day -3.
  • Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS; Spectrum, Cat #DE136, Lot #2DC0020) was stored at room temperature until added to appropriate volume of sterile filtered water (VetOne, Lot #B1712033) to prepare a 3% DSS solution.
  • test articles were: Compound 1-5, Compound 1-22, and Compound 1-6.
  • Test articles for oral (PO) dosing were supplied for the main study were prepared in methylcellulose vehicle (MC: Sigma, Lot #SLBM2910V) at 10 mL/kg.
  • Compound 1-6 for IP dosing at 10 mL/kg was prepared in sulfobutylether- ⁇ - cyclodextrin (SBECD) vehicle (Captisol®) by dissolving 20% w/v Captisol® into a solution of sterile saline with sodium phosphate, dibasic, anhydrous and sodium phosphate, monobasic, monohydrate. NaOH was added to adjust the pH to 7.3.
  • SBECD sulfobutylether- ⁇ - cyclodextrin
  • Cyclosporine A (CsA: Teva) was prepared in Kolliphor EL (Sigma)/1% carboxymethylcellulose for PO dosing at 10 mL/kg.
  • Doses and treatment groups are shown in Table C. On Study Days -3 through 6, mice in Groups 8, 9, and 10 were dosed BID by the oral (PO) route with Compound 1-5 (200 mg/kg), Compound 1-22 (200 mg/kg), or Ccompound 1-6 (200 mg/kg), respectively. On Study Day 0, Groups 2 through 11 were started on 3% DSS in drinking water. On Study Day 5, DSS water was replaced with normal drinking water for the remainder of the study.
  • mice in Groups 3, 5, 6, and 7 were dosed PO, BID with PO vehicle (MC), Compound 1-5 (200 mg/kg), 1-22 (200 mg/kg), or 1-6 (200 mg/kg), respectively, and mice in Groups 2 and 11 were dosed QD by the intraperitoneal (IP) route with IP vehicle [SBECD (Captisol®)] or 1-6 (100 mg/kg), respectively.
  • IP intraperitoneal
  • Positive control mice were dosed PO, QD on Days 0 through6 with cyclosporine A (CsA, 75 mg/kg).
  • Group 1 animals served as naive controls.
  • the mice were euthanized for necropsy and tissue collection.
  • Efficacy was evaluated based on animal body weight measurements, colon lengths and weights, colon weight-length ratio, colon content scores, disease activity index (DAI) scores (percent body weight loss, stool consistency, occult/gross blood, and summed scores), and histopathology of colons (full, proximal, and distal). All animals in the main study survived to the scheduled termination.
  • DAI disease activity index
  • ⁇ ⁇ dosing occurred at 10- to 12-hour intervals; QD dosing occurred at approximately 24-hour intervals.
  • test articles were calculated daily in mg/kg based on the latest animal body weight.
  • DAI Disease Activity Index
  • the three scores were added at each time point to obtain a summed score.
  • the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for each of the three parameters and the summed score for Days 0 through 6.
  • proximal and distal tissues are submitted individually for histopathology. For each region, pieces were cut and embedded in paraffin. Sections were cut and stained with hematoxylin & eosin (H&E). Each piece was evaluated individually, and values were averaged separately for the various regions.
  • H&E hematoxylin & eosin
  • Edema Submucosal edema was quantitated by measuring the distance from the muscularis mucosa to the internal border of the outer muscle layer in a non-tangential area thought to most represent the severity of this change.
  • Inflammation Score The extent of macrophage, lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte cell (PMN) infiltrate was assigned severity scores according to the following criteria:
  • 0.5 Very Minimal, one or two small foci, mononuclear inflammatory cells (MNIC), affects less than 1% of the mucosa
  • 0.5 Very Minimal, one or two small focal areas of gland loss affecting less than
  • 0.5 Very Minimal, one or two small focal areas of mucosal erosion affecting less
  • Mucosal Thickness and Hyperplasia Score Mucosal Thickness and Hyperplasia Score - Mucosal thickness was measured in a non-tangential area of the section that best represents the overall mucosal thickness. This parameter was indicative of gland elongation and mucosal hyperplasia. A hyperplasia score was derived from the measurement as follows:

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Reproductive Health (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Pregnancy & Childbirth (AREA)
  • Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
  • Rheumatology (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
PCT/US2018/055310 2017-10-10 2018-10-10 TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS Ceased WO2019075136A1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18865612.8A EP3694500A4 (en) 2017-10-10 2018-10-10 TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
CA3077362A CA3077362A1 (en) 2017-10-10 2018-10-10 Treatment of inflammatory disorders
AU2018348174A AU2018348174A1 (en) 2017-10-10 2018-10-10 Treatment of inflammatory disorders
JP2020520127A JP7311162B2 (ja) 2017-10-10 2018-10-10 炎症性障害の処置
CN201880073697.1A CN111356451A (zh) 2017-10-10 2018-10-10 炎性病症的治疗
MX2020003425A MX2020003425A (es) 2017-10-10 2018-10-10 Tratamiento de trastornos inflamatorios.
IL273693A IL273693A (en) 2017-10-10 2020-03-30 Treatment of inflammatory disorders
JP2023107073A JP2023115307A (ja) 2017-10-10 2023-06-29 炎症性障害の処置

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762570389P 2017-10-10 2017-10-10
US62/570,389 2017-10-10
US201862644263P 2018-03-16 2018-03-16
US62/644,263 2018-03-16

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019075136A1 true WO2019075136A1 (en) 2019-04-18

Family

ID=65992347

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2018/055310 Ceased WO2019075136A1 (en) 2017-10-10 2018-10-10 TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (4) US11040039B2 (https=)
EP (1) EP3694500A4 (https=)
JP (2) JP7311162B2 (https=)
CN (1) CN111356451A (https=)
AU (1) AU2018348174A1 (https=)
CA (1) CA3077362A1 (https=)
IL (1) IL273693A (https=)
MX (1) MX2020003425A (https=)
WO (1) WO2019075136A1 (https=)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2020125659A1 (zh) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-25 南京明德新药研发有限公司 用于视网膜疾病的化合物
US11007157B2 (en) 2013-01-23 2021-05-18 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Toxic aldehyde related diseases and treatment
US11046650B2 (en) 2015-08-21 2021-06-29 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Deuterated compounds and uses thereof
US11129823B2 (en) 2016-05-09 2021-09-28 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Combination treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders and diseases
US11197821B2 (en) 2018-09-25 2021-12-14 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Formulations for treatment of dry eye disease
WO2021254453A1 (zh) * 2020-06-17 2021-12-23 南京明德新药研发有限公司 氨基吡啶类化合物
WO2021254456A1 (zh) * 2020-06-17 2021-12-23 南京明德新药研发有限公司 2-甲基2-丙醇和氨基取代的芳基化合物的晶型
US11312692B1 (en) 2018-08-06 2022-04-26 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Polymorphic compounds and uses thereof
CN115551507A (zh) * 2020-04-13 2022-12-30 奥尔德拉医疗公司 用于治疗肺、肝脏和肾脏疾病、病症或病况的喹啉化合物
CN115697336A (zh) * 2020-05-13 2023-02-03 奥尔德拉医疗公司 药物制剂及其用途
US11724987B2 (en) 2005-05-26 2023-08-15 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Compositions and methods of treating retinal disease
US11786518B2 (en) 2019-03-26 2023-10-17 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Ophthalmic formulations and uses thereof
EP4273150A4 (en) * 2020-12-29 2024-04-24 The National Institutes of Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd TRICYCLIC COMPOUND AND PRODUCTION PROCESS THEREOF AND MEDICAL USE THEREOF
US12029735B2 (en) 2019-05-02 2024-07-09 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Polymorphic compounds and uses thereof
US12098132B2 (en) 2019-05-02 2024-09-24 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Process for preparation of aldehyde scavenger and intermediates
US12097188B2 (en) 2009-12-11 2024-09-24 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Compositions and methods for the treatment of macular degeneration
EP4362930A4 (en) * 2021-07-02 2025-09-24 Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc HETEROCYCLIC ALDEHYDE-SCAPPING COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019075136A1 (en) 2017-10-10 2019-04-18 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
IL315310A (en) 2017-12-26 2024-10-01 Kymera Therapeutics Inc Irak degraders and uses thereof
CA3119773A1 (en) 2018-11-30 2020-06-04 Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. Irak degraders and uses thereof
PH12022500002A1 (en) 2019-06-28 2023-04-03 Kymera Therapeutics Inc Irak degraders and uses thereof
WO2021011868A1 (en) 2019-07-17 2021-01-21 Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. Irak degraders and uses thereof
WO2021119159A1 (en) 2019-12-10 2021-06-17 Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. Irak degraders and uses thereof
KR20220145325A (ko) 2019-12-17 2022-10-28 카이메라 쎄라퓨틱스 인코포레이티드 Irak 분해제 및 이의 용도
WO2021222366A1 (en) * 2020-04-28 2021-11-04 Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. Irak inhibitors and uses thereof
MX2023003583A (es) * 2020-09-28 2023-04-04 Zhuhai United Laboratories Co Ltd Forma cristalina del compuesto de piridinilfenilo y metodo de preparacion del mismo.
CN116867758A (zh) 2020-12-30 2023-10-10 凯麦拉医疗公司 Irak降解剂和其用途
WO2022232110A1 (en) * 2021-04-26 2022-11-03 Jem Therapeutics Pbc Method of treatment for autophagy diseases by administration of dexibuprofen and use of dexibuprofen for preparation of a medicament for same
CA3243560A1 (en) 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 Kymera Therapeutics, Inc. Iraqi Degradation Agents and Their Uses
KR20250111213A (ko) * 2022-11-26 2025-07-22 주하이 유나이티드 라보라토리즈 컴퍼니 리미티드 피리딘 페닐 화합물을 포함하는 안과용 제형, 이의 제조 방법, 및 이의 용도
CN120424003A (zh) * 2024-02-02 2025-08-05 深圳新锐基因科技有限公司 一种基于ai设计的活性醛类物质抑制剂及其应用

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090118503A1 (en) * 2007-06-20 2009-05-07 Kevin Sprott Faah inhibitors
US20100331315A1 (en) * 2009-06-18 2010-12-30 Mustapha Haddach Rhodanines and related heterocycles as kinase inhibitors
US7973025B2 (en) 2005-05-26 2011-07-05 Neuron Systems, Inc. Compositions and methods of treating retinal disease
US20120302601A1 (en) 2009-12-11 2012-11-29 Neuron Systems, Inc. Compositions and methods for the treatment of macular degeneration
US20130190500A1 (en) 2011-12-12 2013-07-25 Neuron Systems, Inc. Process to prepare 6-chloro-3-amino-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1-azanaphthalene
WO2014116836A2 (en) 2013-01-23 2014-07-31 Aldexa Therapeutics, Inc. Toxic aldehyde related diseases and treatment
US9067963B2 (en) 2012-08-01 2015-06-30 Lewis and Clark Pharmaceuticals, LLC N-alkyl 2-(disubstituted)alkynyladenosine-5-uronamides as A2A agonists
US20160052930A1 (en) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-25 Pfizer Inc. Aminopyrimidinyl compounds
WO2017035077A1 (en) 2015-08-21 2017-03-02 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Deuterated compounds and uses thereof
WO2018039197A1 (en) 2016-08-22 2018-03-01 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Aldehyde trapping compounds and methods of use thereof
WO2018039192A1 (en) 2016-08-22 2018-03-01 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Aldehyde trapping compounds and uses thereof

Family Cites Families (130)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2086186A (en) 1933-10-10 1937-07-06 Us Rubber Co Treatment of rubber
SU50906A1 (ru) 1935-12-20 1936-11-30 А.И. Бурляев Веретено дл пр дильных машин
GB1435721A (en) 1972-05-18 1976-05-12 Lilly Industries Ltd Benzoxazole derivatives
JPS6192592A (ja) 1984-10-12 1986-05-10 Norin Suisansyo Shokuhin Sogo Kenkyusho 分岐サイクロデキストリンの製造方法
US4675332A (en) 1984-12-10 1987-06-23 Warner-Lambert Company Acidic tetrazolyl substituted indole compounds and their use as antiallergy agents
GB8610981D0 (en) 1986-05-06 1986-06-11 Ici America Inc Quinoline amides
NZ225045A (en) 1987-07-01 1990-06-26 Janssen Pharmaceutica Nv Antiviral pharmaceutical compositions containing cyclodextrin and an antiviral agent
US5002935A (en) 1987-12-30 1991-03-26 University Of Florida Improvements in redox systems for brain-targeted drug delivery
US5376645A (en) 1990-01-23 1994-12-27 University Of Kansas Derivatives of cyclodextrins exhibiting enhanced aqueous solubility and the use thereof
BR9106193A (pt) 1990-10-22 1993-03-23 Bausch & Lomb Metodo e composicao para limpar lentes de contato
AU641052B2 (en) 1990-11-02 1993-09-09 Aventisub Ii Inc. 3-amidoindolyl derivatives
US5668117A (en) 1991-02-22 1997-09-16 Shapiro; Howard K. Methods of treating neurological diseases and etiologically related symptomology using carbonyl trapping agents in combination with previously known medicaments
US6444221B1 (en) 1992-06-30 2002-09-03 Howard K. Shapiro Methods of treating chronic inflammatory diseases using carbonyl trapping agents
US20050090553A1 (en) 1992-06-30 2005-04-28 Shapiro Howard K. Compositions and method for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases
US5472954A (en) 1992-07-14 1995-12-05 Cyclops H.F. Cyclodextrin complexation
TW401300B (en) 1992-12-25 2000-08-11 Senju Pharma Co Antiallergic composition for ophthalmic or nasal use
US5493027A (en) 1993-01-22 1996-02-20 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Anticonvulsive agents and uses thereof
US5767109A (en) 1993-10-20 1998-06-16 Sanchez; Robert A. Complexing urushiols
US5576311A (en) 1994-11-30 1996-11-19 Pharmos Corporation Cyclodextrins as suspending agents for pharmaceutical suspensions
JP3297969B2 (ja) 1994-12-26 2002-07-02 ライオン株式会社 点眼剤
US5597823A (en) 1995-01-27 1997-01-28 Abbott Laboratories Tricyclic substituted hexahydrobenz [e]isoindole alpha-1 adrenergic antagonists
JP3736916B2 (ja) 1996-02-19 2006-01-18 株式会社サンコンタクトレンズ 含水性ソフトコンタクトレンズの消毒用組成物とその用途
US6107300A (en) 1996-03-27 2000-08-22 Dupont Pharmaceuticals Arylamino fused pyrimidines
KR20000029694A (ko) 1996-08-01 2000-05-25 케네쓰 엘. 로에르트셔 살진균활성을갖는4-치환된퀴놀린유도체
BR9710808A (pt) * 1996-08-06 1999-08-17 Pfizer Derivados biciclicos 6,6 ou 6,7 contendo pirito ou pirimido substitu¡dos
US6191127B1 (en) 1997-05-02 2001-02-20 Schering Aktiengesellschaft Substituted heterocycles and their use in medicaments
GB2327672A (en) 1997-07-23 1999-02-03 Merck & Co Inc 4-(1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-7-yl)butanoyl-glycyl-3(S)-quinolin-3-yl-beta-alanine
US6245769B1 (en) * 1997-09-02 2001-06-12 Dupont Pharmaceuticals Company Heterocyclyl-substituted ring-fused pyridines and pyrimidines as corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH) antagonists, useful for treating CNS and stress-related disorders
WO1999046237A1 (en) 1998-03-12 1999-09-16 Novo Nordisk A/S Modulators of protein tyrosine phosphatases
US6498154B1 (en) 1999-05-04 2002-12-24 Wyeth Cyclic regimens using quinazolinone and benzoxazine derivatives
US6358948B1 (en) 1999-05-04 2002-03-19 American Home Products Corporation Quinazolinone and benzoxazine derivatives as progesterone receptor modulators
US6515010B1 (en) 1999-11-15 2003-02-04 Smithkline Beecham Corporation Carvedilol methanesulfonate
AU1735001A (en) 1999-12-10 2001-06-18 Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Cyclodextrin-containing pharmaceutical composition
US6569879B2 (en) 2000-02-18 2003-05-27 Merck & Co., Inc. Aryloxyacetic acids for diabetes and lipid disorders
JP4748289B2 (ja) 2000-06-23 2011-08-17 ライオン株式会社 点眼剤、眼科用組成物及び吸着抑制方法
FR2827599A1 (fr) 2001-07-20 2003-01-24 Neuro3D Composes derives de quinoleine et quinoxaline,preparation et utilisations
UA83620C2 (ru) 2001-12-05 2008-08-11 Уайт Замещенные бензоксазолы и их аналоги как эстрогенные агенты
US20060014786A1 (en) 2002-05-17 2006-01-19 Rajeev Raut Opthalmic pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treating ocular inflammation
CA2451267A1 (en) 2002-12-13 2004-06-13 Warner-Lambert Company Llc Pharmaceutical uses for alpha2delta ligands
US20040198828A1 (en) 2003-01-17 2004-10-07 Abelson Mark B. Combinational use of long-acting and short-acting anti-histamines for ocular allergies
EP3326623A1 (en) 2003-03-14 2018-05-30 University of Washington Retinoid replacements and opsin agonists and methods for the use thereof
EP1621199B8 (en) 2003-04-18 2011-01-19 Advanced Medicine Research Institute Remedies for diseases to be applied to eye
US20060111318A1 (en) 2003-04-18 2006-05-25 Advanced Medicine Research Institute Agent for treating eye diseases
US20040235892A1 (en) 2003-05-22 2004-11-25 Yujia Dai Indazole and benzisoxazole kinase inhibitors
US7297709B2 (en) 2003-05-22 2007-11-20 Abbott Laboratories Indazole, benzisoxazole, and benzisothiazole kinase inhibitors
US7083803B2 (en) 2003-09-19 2006-08-01 Advanced Ocular Systems Limited Ocular solutions
JP2005132834A (ja) 2003-10-09 2005-05-26 Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd キノリン誘導体
EP1679308B1 (en) 2003-10-15 2013-07-24 Ube Industries, Ltd. Novel indazole derivative
CA2543644A1 (en) 2003-10-27 2005-05-06 Astellas Pharma Inc. Pyrazine derivatives and pharmaceutical use thereof
CA2546042A1 (en) 2003-11-20 2005-06-09 Othera Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Amelioration of macular degeneration and other ophthalmic diseases
US20050197292A1 (en) 2004-01-30 2005-09-08 Glennda Smithson Compositions and methods for treating T-cell mediated pathological conditions
US20080176952A1 (en) 2004-02-17 2008-07-24 Rando Robert R Management of Ophthalmologic Disorders, Including Macular Degeneration
US20050234018A1 (en) 2004-04-15 2005-10-20 Allergan, Inc. Drug delivery to the back of the eye
JP2006008568A (ja) 2004-06-24 2006-01-12 Cyclochem:Kk ＩｇＥ抗体抑制剤および食品
WO2006002473A1 (en) 2004-07-02 2006-01-12 Adelaide Research & Innovation Pty Ltd Method of controlling damage mediated by alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes
FR2875409B1 (fr) 2004-09-17 2010-05-07 Sanofi Aventis Composition pharmaceutique comprenant une dispersion solide a matrice polymere comprenant une phase continue de polydextrose et une phase continue d'un polymere autre que du polydextrose
US20070287716A1 (en) 2004-10-28 2007-12-13 Hu Essa H Pyrimidine and Quinoline Potentiators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
EP1844768A1 (en) 2005-01-19 2007-10-17 Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. Aromatic sulfone compound as aldosterone receptor modulator
TW200640443A (en) 2005-02-23 2006-12-01 Alcon Inc Methods for treating ocular angiogenesis, retinal edema, retinal ischemia, and diabetic retinopathy using selective RTK inhibitors
EP1893174A2 (en) 2005-05-10 2008-03-05 Cytophil, Inc. Injectable hydrogels and methods of making and using same
EP1967186B1 (en) 2005-12-27 2015-03-11 Lion Corporation Composition for soft contact lens and adsorption suppressing method
US7842312B2 (en) 2005-12-29 2010-11-30 Cordis Corporation Polymeric compositions comprising therapeutic agents in crystalline phases, and methods of forming the same
US20070297981A1 (en) 2006-01-25 2007-12-27 Ousler George W Iii Formulations and methods for treating dry eye
US20070203216A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-30 Bjarke Ebert Method of treating inflammatory diseases
JP4466875B2 (ja) 2006-04-05 2010-05-26 ライオン株式会社 ソフトコンタクトレンズ用点眼剤
CN101534826A (zh) 2006-04-14 2009-09-16 普拉纳生物技术有限公司 治疗与年龄相关的黄斑变性（amd）的方法
JP5194218B2 (ja) 2006-06-05 2013-05-08 株式会社メニコンネクト 含水性コンタクトレンズの保存方法ならびに該保存方法により保存された含水性コンタクトレンズ
JP2009544631A (ja) 2006-07-25 2009-12-17 エンビボ ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレイテッド キノリン誘導体
CA2660703A1 (en) 2006-08-14 2008-02-21 Schering Corporation Salts of 5-(1(s)-amino-2-hydroxyethyl)-n-[(2,4-difluorophenyl)-methyl]-2-[8-methoxy-2-(trifluoromethyl)-5-quinoline]-4-oxazolecarboxamide
US20080069878A1 (en) 2006-08-31 2008-03-20 Gopi Venkatesh Drug Delivery Systems Comprising Solid Solutions of Weakly Basic Drugs
US8158609B1 (en) 2006-11-02 2012-04-17 Novartis Ag Use of cyclodextrins as an active ingredient for treating dry AMD and solubilizing drusen
US20080241256A1 (en) 2007-03-30 2008-10-02 Liisa Kuhn Targeted active agent delivery system based on calcium phosphate nanoparticles
CN103553945B (zh) 2007-10-05 2015-01-07 奥克塞拉有限公司 用于治疗疾病的烷氧基化合物
WO2009102418A1 (en) 2008-02-11 2009-08-20 University Of Washington Methods for the treatment and prevention of age-related retinal dysfunction
AU2009282076A1 (en) 2008-08-12 2010-02-18 Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Benzoxazoles, benzthiazoles and related analogs as sirtuin modulators
JP5773877B2 (ja) 2008-10-22 2015-09-02 アキュセラ インコーポレイテッド 眼の疾患及び障害を治療する化合物
JP2012508215A (ja) 2008-11-11 2012-04-05 ノバルティス アーゲー 有機化合物
CA2754996A1 (en) 2009-03-17 2010-09-23 Aciex Therapeutics, Inc. Ophthalmic formulations of ketotifen and methods of use
WO2010133672A1 (en) 2009-05-20 2010-11-25 Clanotech Ab Derivatives of quinoline-3-carboxylic acid and their medical use
MX2011013061A (es) 2009-06-05 2012-02-28 Aciex Therapeutics Inc Formulaciones oftalmicas de fluticasona y metodos de uso.
WO2011008202A1 (en) 2009-07-15 2011-01-20 Vanderbilt University Isoketal scavengers and mitigation of disorders involving oxidative injury
TWI492769B (zh) 2009-09-23 2015-07-21 Alcon Res Ltd 可注射的水性眼用組成物及其使用之方法
ES2758554T3 (es) 2009-12-08 2020-05-05 Univ Case Western Reserve Aminoácidos gama para tratamiento de trastornos oculares
JPWO2011078204A1 (ja) 2009-12-24 2013-05-09 浜理薬品工業株式会社 高脂血症の予防または治療剤、および抗疲労剤
WO2011106729A2 (en) 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Xenon Pharmaceuticals Inc. Pharmaceutical compositions of spiro-oxindole compound for topical administration and their use as therapeutic agents
WO2011116066A1 (en) 2010-03-17 2011-09-22 Concert Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Derivatives of dimethylcurcumin
KR20130138770A (ko) 2010-09-01 2013-12-19 아레나 파마슈티칼스, 인크. 광학적으로 활성 산을 갖는 로르카세린의 염
EP3208263A1 (en) 2011-01-12 2017-08-23 VentiRx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Substituted benzoazepines as toll-like receptor modulators
US10463687B2 (en) 2011-01-20 2019-11-05 Cornell University Treatments for retinal disorders
US9302013B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2016-04-05 Termira Ab Active principle for mitigating undesired medical conditions
TWI544922B (zh) 2011-05-19 2016-08-11 愛爾康研究有限公司 高濃度歐羅派特錠（ｏｌｏｐａｔａｄｉｎｅ）眼用組成物
HK1202064A1 (en) 2011-10-13 2015-09-18 托马斯．盖德克 Topical formulations of chemerin c15 peptides for the treatment of dermatological conditions
US20130165419A1 (en) 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Insite Vision Incorporated Combination anti-inflammatory ophthalmic compositions
MX373894B (es) 2012-11-08 2020-07-09 Clearside Biomedical Inc Métodos y dispositivos para el tratamiento de trastornos oculares en sujetos humanos.
AU2013361314A1 (en) 2012-12-20 2015-07-02 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Peri-carbinols
NZ709620A (en) 2013-01-23 2020-07-31 Semnur Pharmaceuticals Inc Pharmaceutical formulation comprising an insoluble corticosteroid and a soluble corticosteroid
US10111862B2 (en) 2013-01-25 2018-10-30 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Traps in the treatment of macular degeneration
TWI643853B (zh) 2013-02-27 2018-12-11 阿爾米雷爾有限公司 同時具有β2腎上腺素受體促效劑和M3毒蕈鹼受體拮抗劑活性之2-氨基-1-羥乙基-8-羥基喹啉-2(1H)-酮衍生物之鹽類
US9713330B1 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-07-25 Deuteria Agrochemicals, Llc Deuterium-enriched aldehydes
US20160151410A1 (en) 2013-07-02 2016-06-02 The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York Clearance of bioactive lipids from membrane structures by cyclodextrins
US10272106B2 (en) 2014-06-04 2019-04-30 Case Western Reserve University Compositions and methods of treating diabetic retinopathy
WO2015198350A1 (en) 2014-06-25 2015-12-30 Synergia Bio Sciences Private Limited A pharmaceutical oil-in-water nano-emulsion
RU2016141135A (ru) 2014-07-29 2018-08-28 Терапьютиксмд, Инк. Трансдермальный крем
AU2015312134A1 (en) 2014-09-02 2017-03-23 Bhupinder Singh Deuterated or a non-deuterated molecule and pharmaceutical formulations
TW201628622A (zh) 2014-11-17 2016-08-16 製藥公司 Tlr抑制劑與布魯頓氏(bruton's)酪胺酸激酶抑制劑之組合
US10363231B2 (en) 2014-11-24 2019-07-30 Case Western Reserve University Compounds and methods of treating ocular disorders
CN113307805A (zh) 2015-04-15 2021-08-27 百济神州有限公司 B-raf激酶抑制剂的马来酸盐、其结晶形式、制备方法和用途
KR20180073553A (ko) 2015-08-21 2018-07-02 알데이라 테라퓨틱스, 아이엔씨. 알데히드 접합체 및 이의 용도
KR20180116416A (ko) 2016-02-28 2018-10-24 알데이라 테라퓨틱스, 아이엔씨. 사이클로덱스트린으로의 알레르기성 안질환의 치료
CA3022665A1 (en) 2016-05-09 2017-11-16 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Combination treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders and diseases
EP3463277A4 (en) 2016-06-06 2020-01-01 GDD Therapeutics, LLC FORMULATIONS FOR SUBSTITUTED 3-PYRROLIDINES, COMPOSITIONS THEREFOR AND USES THEREOF
US11510931B2 (en) 2016-09-28 2022-11-29 Medicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Compositions and methods for treating ophthalmic conditions
ES2887008T3 (es) 2016-10-05 2021-12-21 Mitobridge Inc Formas cristalinas y de sal de compuestos agonistas del PPAR
CA3054811A1 (en) 2017-03-16 2018-09-20 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Polymorphic compounds and uses thereof
WO2019075136A1 (en) 2017-10-10 2019-04-18 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
WO2020018498A1 (en) 2018-07-16 2020-01-23 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Cyclodextrin formulations
WO2020028820A1 (en) * 2018-08-03 2020-02-06 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Topical compositions and methods of preparation and use
AU2019319740A1 (en) 2018-08-06 2021-03-25 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Polymorphic compounds and uses thereof
EP3856478A4 (en) 2018-09-25 2022-06-08 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. FORMULATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF DRY EYE
WO2020072621A1 (en) 2018-10-02 2020-04-09 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Contact lens solutions and kits
WO2020118045A1 (en) 2018-12-05 2020-06-11 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Injectable formulations
US11786518B2 (en) 2019-03-26 2023-10-17 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Ophthalmic formulations and uses thereof
WO2020223717A1 (en) 2019-05-02 2020-11-05 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Process for preparation of aldehyde scavenger and intermediates
JP2022530967A (ja) 2019-05-02 2022-07-05 アルデイラ セラピューティクス， インコーポレイテッド 多形化合物およびその使用
US20230131929A1 (en) 2020-03-24 2023-04-27 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Quinoline compounds for treating respiratory disorders and viral infections
US20230149383A1 (en) 2020-04-13 2023-05-18 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Quinoline compounds for treating lung, liver, and kidney diseases, disorders, or conditions
WO2021231792A1 (en) 2020-05-13 2021-11-18 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Pharmaceutical formulations and uses thereof
WO2021248031A1 (en) 2020-06-04 2021-12-09 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Dry eye disease biomarkers and their use for treatment
WO2022150580A1 (en) 2021-01-07 2022-07-14 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Treatment of dry eye disease
US20220211691A1 (en) 2021-01-07 2022-07-07 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Treatment of dry eye disease

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7973025B2 (en) 2005-05-26 2011-07-05 Neuron Systems, Inc. Compositions and methods of treating retinal disease
US20090118503A1 (en) * 2007-06-20 2009-05-07 Kevin Sprott Faah inhibitors
US20100331315A1 (en) * 2009-06-18 2010-12-30 Mustapha Haddach Rhodanines and related heterocycles as kinase inhibitors
US20120302601A1 (en) 2009-12-11 2012-11-29 Neuron Systems, Inc. Compositions and methods for the treatment of macular degeneration
US20130190500A1 (en) 2011-12-12 2013-07-25 Neuron Systems, Inc. Process to prepare 6-chloro-3-amino-2-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1-azanaphthalene
US9067963B2 (en) 2012-08-01 2015-06-30 Lewis and Clark Pharmaceuticals, LLC N-alkyl 2-(disubstituted)alkynyladenosine-5-uronamides as A2A agonists
WO2014116836A2 (en) 2013-01-23 2014-07-31 Aldexa Therapeutics, Inc. Toxic aldehyde related diseases and treatment
US20160052930A1 (en) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-25 Pfizer Inc. Aminopyrimidinyl compounds
WO2017035077A1 (en) 2015-08-21 2017-03-02 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Deuterated compounds and uses thereof
WO2018039197A1 (en) 2016-08-22 2018-03-01 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Aldehyde trapping compounds and methods of use thereof
WO2018039192A1 (en) 2016-08-22 2018-03-01 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Aldehyde trapping compounds and uses thereof

Non-Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"Handbook of Chemistry and Physics", article "Periodic Table of the Elements"
"PDRNetwork", 2015, article "Physicians' Desk Reference"
ASHTON ET AL., J PHARMACOL EXP THER., vol. 259, no. 2, 1991, pages 719 - 24
BURSTEIN ET AL., INVEST OPHTHALMOL VIS SCI., vol. 19, no. 3, 1980, pages 308 - 13
BURSTEIN, TRANS OPHTHALMOL SOC, vol. 104, no. 4, 1985, pages 402 - 9
GREEN ET AL., AM J OPHTHALMOL., vol. 72, no. 5, 1971, pages 897 - 905
HERBERT ET AL., GRAEFE'S ARCH CLIN EXP OPHTHALMOL., vol. 226, 1988, pages 553 - 558
S. M. BERGE ET AL.: "pharmaceutically acceptable salts", J. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, vol. 66, 1977, pages 1 - 19
See also references of EP3694500A4
TANG ET AL., J PHARM SCI., vol. 83, no. 1, 1994, pages 85 - 90
THOMAS SORRELL: "March's Advanced Organic Chemistry", 1999, UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BOOKS

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11724987B2 (en) 2005-05-26 2023-08-15 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Compositions and methods of treating retinal disease
US12097188B2 (en) 2009-12-11 2024-09-24 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Compositions and methods for the treatment of macular degeneration
US11701331B2 (en) 2013-01-23 2023-07-18 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Toxic aldehyde related diseases and treatment
US11007157B2 (en) 2013-01-23 2021-05-18 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Toxic aldehyde related diseases and treatment
US12128013B2 (en) 2013-01-23 2024-10-29 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Toxic aldehyde related diseases and treatment
US11771664B2 (en) 2013-01-23 2023-10-03 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Toxic aldehyde related diseases and treatment
US11046650B2 (en) 2015-08-21 2021-06-29 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Deuterated compounds and uses thereof
US12240816B2 (en) 2015-08-21 2025-03-04 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Deuterated compounds and uses thereof
US11845722B2 (en) 2015-08-21 2023-12-19 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Deuterated compounds and uses thereof
US11459300B2 (en) 2015-08-21 2022-10-04 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Deuterated compounds and uses thereof
US11129823B2 (en) 2016-05-09 2021-09-28 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Combination treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders and diseases
US11312692B1 (en) 2018-08-06 2022-04-26 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Polymorphic compounds and uses thereof
US12006298B2 (en) 2018-08-06 2024-06-11 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Polymorphic compounds and uses thereof
US11197821B2 (en) 2018-09-25 2021-12-14 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Formulations for treatment of dry eye disease
CN113227051A (zh) * 2018-12-18 2021-08-06 南京明德新药研发有限公司 用于视网膜疾病的化合物
CN113227051B (zh) * 2018-12-18 2022-05-17 南京明德新药研发有限公司 用于视网膜疾病的化合物
WO2020125659A1 (zh) * 2018-12-18 2020-06-25 南京明德新药研发有限公司 用于视网膜疾病的化合物
US11932617B2 (en) 2018-12-18 2024-03-19 Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd. Compound for use in retinal diseases
US11786518B2 (en) 2019-03-26 2023-10-17 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Ophthalmic formulations and uses thereof
US12098132B2 (en) 2019-05-02 2024-09-24 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Process for preparation of aldehyde scavenger and intermediates
US12029735B2 (en) 2019-05-02 2024-07-09 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Polymorphic compounds and uses thereof
EP4135697A4 (en) * 2020-04-13 2024-05-15 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Quinoline compounds for treating lung, liver, and kidney diseases, disorders, or conditions
CN115551507A (zh) * 2020-04-13 2022-12-30 奥尔德拉医疗公司 用于治疗肺、肝脏和肾脏疾病、病症或病况的喹啉化合物
US12064516B2 (en) 2020-05-13 2024-08-20 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Pharmaceutical formulations and uses thereof
EP4149470A4 (en) * 2020-05-13 2024-04-24 Aldeyra Therapeutics, Inc. Pharmaceutical formulations and uses thereof
CN115697336A (zh) * 2020-05-13 2023-02-03 奥尔德拉医疗公司 药物制剂及其用途
WO2021254456A1 (zh) * 2020-06-17 2021-12-23 南京明德新药研发有限公司 2-甲基2-丙醇和氨基取代的芳基化合物的晶型
US11753377B2 (en) 2020-06-17 2023-09-12 Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd. Crystal form of 2-methyl-2-propanol and amino-substituted aryl compound
WO2021254453A1 (zh) * 2020-06-17 2021-12-23 南京明德新药研发有限公司 氨基吡啶类化合物
CN115916753A (zh) * 2020-06-17 2023-04-04 南京明德新药研发有限公司 2-甲基2-丙醇和氨基取代的芳基化合物的晶型
CN115702144A (zh) * 2020-06-17 2023-02-14 南京明德新药研发有限公司 氨基吡啶类化合物
CN115916753B (zh) * 2020-06-17 2025-08-15 珠海联邦制药股份有限公司 2-甲基2-丙醇和氨基取代的芳基化合物的晶型
US12595259B2 (en) 2020-06-17 2026-04-07 Zhuhai United Laboratories Co., Ltd. Aminopyridine compound
EP4273150A4 (en) * 2020-12-29 2024-04-24 The National Institutes of Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd TRICYCLIC COMPOUND AND PRODUCTION PROCESS THEREOF AND MEDICAL USE THEREOF
EP4362930A4 (en) * 2021-07-02 2025-09-24 Aldeyra Therapeutics Inc HETEROCYCLIC ALDEHYDE-SCAPPING COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USES

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11583529B2 (en) 2023-02-21
AU2018348174A1 (en) 2020-04-23
CN111356451A (zh) 2020-06-30
US20190105322A1 (en) 2019-04-11
JP7311162B2 (ja) 2023-07-19
EP3694500A1 (en) 2020-08-19
US20230293527A1 (en) 2023-09-21
US20210353628A1 (en) 2021-11-18
JP2020536896A (ja) 2020-12-17
CA3077362A1 (en) 2019-04-18
US11040039B2 (en) 2021-06-22
IL273693A (en) 2020-05-31
JP2023115307A (ja) 2023-08-18
MX2020003425A (es) 2020-07-29
US20230248727A1 (en) 2023-08-10
EP3694500A4 (en) 2021-06-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11583529B2 (en) Treatment of inflammatory disorders
US20220184057A1 (en) Combination treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders and diseases
TWI578990B (zh) 眼睛過敏之治療
CN113056353B (zh) 用于治疗干眼病的调配物
TWI815423B (zh) 用於治療近視的方法和藥物組合物
US20130317036A1 (en) Folic acid - ramipril combination: cellprotective, neuroprotective and retinoprotective ophtalmologic compositions
Holzer et al. Comparison of ketorolac tromethamine 0.5% and loteprednol etabonate 0.5% for inflammation after phacoemulsification: prospective randomized double-masked study
JP7816716B2 (ja) 強膜菲薄化治療用点眼剤及び強膜菲薄化治療剤のスクリーニング方法
JP2018533631A (ja) 網膜疾患の治療のためのミラベグロン
WO2024017315A1 (zh) 甾体化合物在制备预防和/或治疗眼科疾病药物中的应用
CN114949229A (zh) 一种含有非甾体抗炎药的眼用药物组合物及其制备方法和用途
CN110505876A (zh) 包含噻托铵作为活性成分的用于预防近视、治疗近视、及/或预防近视进展的药剂
TW201838629A (zh) 用於預防近視、治療近視及／或預防近視增長之包含蕪地銨作爲活性成分的藥劑
JPH07258083A (ja) 近視予防・治療剤
TW202237075A (zh) 抑制小兒近視進展用點眼劑及小兒近視進展抑制劑之篩選方法
CN116474105A (zh) 一种预防、缓解或治疗眼部疾病的药物组合物、制备方法及其应用
WO2022259132A1 (en) Pyrazolone compounds for use in degenerative retinal diseases
HK40090169A (zh) 用於治疗干眼病的调配物
CN112826816A (zh) 丁酸钠制备的预防、控制、治疗眼疾的药物及其应用

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18865612

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 3077362

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 273693

Country of ref document: IL

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2020520127

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2018348174

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20181010

Kind code of ref document: A

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2018865612

Country of ref document: EP

Effective date: 20200511