WO2019044859A1 - 光学異方性膜、円偏光板、表示装置 - Google Patents
光学異方性膜、円偏光板、表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019044859A1 WO2019044859A1 PCT/JP2018/031841 JP2018031841W WO2019044859A1 WO 2019044859 A1 WO2019044859 A1 WO 2019044859A1 JP 2018031841 W JP2018031841 W JP 2018031841W WO 2019044859 A1 WO2019044859 A1 WO 2019044859A1
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- ZLSMCQSGRWNEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-aminophenyl)methanone Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 ZLSMCQSGRWNEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001951 carbamoylamino group Chemical group C(N)(=O)N* 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical group [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001047 cyclobutenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001162 cycloheptenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003678 cyclohexadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000522 cyclooctenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCCCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002433 cyclopentenyl group Chemical group C1(=CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole-5,6-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)C(=O)N=C21 FYNROBRQIVCIQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000213 sulfino group Chemical group [H]OS(*)=O 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
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- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/34—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring
- C09K19/3491—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having sulfur as hetero atom
- C09K19/3497—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least one heterocyclic ring having sulfur as hetero atom the heterocyclic ring containing sulfur and nitrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/38—Polymers
- C09K19/3833—Polymers with mesogenic groups in the side chain
- C09K19/3842—Polyvinyl derivatives
- C09K19/3852—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives
- C09K19/3861—Poly(meth)acrylate derivatives containing condensed ring systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/60—Pleochroic dyes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/22—Absorbing filters
- G02B5/223—Absorbing filters containing organic substances, e.g. dyes, inks or pigments
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/02—Details
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K2019/0444—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group
- C09K2019/0448—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit characterized by a linking chain between rings or ring systems, a bridging chain between extensive mesogenic moieties or an end chain group the end chain group being a polymerizable end group, e.g. -Sp-P or acrylate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/04—Liquid crystal materials characterised by the chemical structure of the liquid crystal components, e.g. by a specific unit
- C09K19/06—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds
- C09K19/08—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings
- C09K19/10—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings
- C09K19/20—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers
- C09K19/2007—Non-steroidal liquid crystal compounds containing at least two non-condensed rings containing at least two benzene rings linked by a chain containing carbon and oxygen atoms as chain links, e.g. esters or ethers the chain containing -COO- or -OCO- groups
- C09K2019/2078—Ph-COO-Ph-COO-Ph
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optically anisotropic film, a circularly polarizing plate, and a display device.
- a retardation film (optical anisotropic film) having refractive index anisotropy is applied to various applications such as an antireflection film of a display device and an optical compensation film of a liquid crystal display device.
- an optical anisotropic film exhibiting reverse wavelength dispersion has been studied (Patent Document 1).
- the reverse wavelength dispersion means a “negative dispersion” characteristic in which the birefringence increases as the measurement wavelength is longer in at least a part of the wavelength region of the visible light region.
- the reverse wavelength dispersion exhibited by the conventional optically anisotropic film is not always sufficient, and further improvement has been necessary. More specifically, for example, in the case of a ⁇ / 4 plate (1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate) as an example of an optically anisotropic film, it is ideal that the phase difference be a quarter wavelength of the measurement wavelength in the visible light region. It becomes. However, in the conventional optically anisotropic film, it tends to deviate from the ideal curve on the long wavelength side of the visible light region. In the present specification, the fact that the optical characteristics approach the ideal curve is referred to as having excellent reverse wavelength dispersion. An object of the present invention is to provide an optical anisotropic film which exhibits excellent reverse wavelength dispersion in view of the above-mentioned situation. Another object of the present invention is to provide a circularly polarizing plate and a display device.
- the present inventors have intensively studied the problems of the prior art and as a result, they have found that the above-described object can be achieved by the following configuration.
- Re (450) / Re (550) ⁇ 1 Re (450) represents the in-plane retardation of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 450 nm
- Re (550) represents the in-plane retardation of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- an optically anisotropic film exhibiting excellent reverse wavelength dispersion can be provided. Further, according to the present invention, a circularly polarizing plate and a display can be provided.
- Re ( ⁇ ) and Rth ( ⁇ ) respectively represent the in-plane retardation and the retardation in the thickness direction at the wavelength ⁇ . Unless otherwise stated, the wavelength ⁇ is 550 nm. In the present invention, Re ( ⁇ ) and Rth ( ⁇ ) are values measured at a wavelength ⁇ in AxoScan OPMF-1 (manufactured by Opt Science Co., Ltd.).
- NAR-4T Abbe refractive index
- ⁇ sodium lamp
- ⁇ 589 nm
- the wavelength dependency it can be measured by a multi-wavelength Abbe refractometer DR-M2 (manufactured by Atago Co., Ltd.) in combination with an interference filter.
- values of Polymer Handbook JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC) and catalogs of various optical films can be used.
- the values of the average refractive index of the main optical films are exemplified below: cellulose acylate (1.48), cycloolefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethyl methacrylate (1.49), And polystyrene (1.59).
- visible light intends light with a wavelength of 400 nm or more and less than 700 nm.
- infrared radiation intends light with a wavelength of 700 nm or more.
- ultraviolet light intends light with a wavelength of 10 nm or more and less than 400 nm.
- the angle eg, an angle such as “90 °”
- the relationship thereof eg, “orthogonal”, “parallel”, etc.
- Shall be included.
- it means that the angle is within a range of ⁇ 10 °, and the error from the angle is preferably 5 ° or less, more preferably 3 ° or less.
- FIG. 1 shows wavelength dispersion characteristics of birefringence ( ⁇ n ( ⁇ )) at each wavelength in a visible light region normalized with birefringence value ( ⁇ n (550 nm)) at a measurement wavelength of 550 nm being 1.
- ⁇ n ( ⁇ ) wavelength dispersion characteristics of birefringence
- the conventional optically anisotropic film exhibiting reverse wavelength dispersion is also in a position overlapping the ideal curve shown by the dotted line in the short wavelength region, but in the long wavelength region Indicates a tendency to deviate from the ideal curve.
- an infrared absorbing dye is used, and by controlling the absorption characteristics of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm, a long wavelength region is shown as indicated by the white arrow. The optical characteristics of the lens can be approximated to the ideal curve.
- the refractive index wavelength dispersion characteristics of a general organic molecule will be described with reference to FIG.
- the upper side shows the behavior of the refractive index with respect to the wavelength
- the lower side shows the behavior (the absorption spectrum) of the absorption characteristic with respect to the wavelength.
- the refractive index n in the region away from the intrinsic absorption wavelength decreases monotonically as the wavelength increases.
- Such dispersion is called "normal dispersion”.
- the refractive index n in the wavelength range including the intrinsic absorption the region of b in FIG. 2 rapidly increases as the wavelength increases.
- Such dispersion is called “anomalous dispersion”. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, an increase or decrease in the refractive index is observed immediately before the wavelength range where the absorption is present.
- the absorption at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm in the direction of the fast axis is more than the absorption at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm in the direction of the slow axis under the influence of the infrared absorbing dye. growing.
- an absorption characteristic is also referred to as an absorption characteristic X.
- the absorption characteristic X is achieved by arranging in the optically anisotropic film the axial direction in which the infrared absorbing dye has high absorbance parallel to the direction of the fast axis.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing comparison of wavelength dispersion of the extraordinary ray refractive index ne and the ordinary ray refractive index no depending on the presence or absence of the absorption characteristic X in FIG.
- a thick line shows a curve of the extraordinary ray refractive index ne when there is no absorption characteristic X
- a solid line shows a curve of the ordinary ray refractive index no when there is no absorption characteristic X.
- the visible light region is shown by the broken line under the influence of absorption at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm as shown in FIG.
- the value of the ordinary ray refractive index no decreases.
- the birefringence ⁇ n which is the difference between the extraordinary ray refractive index ne and the ordinary ray refractive index no is larger, and the behavior of the arrow shown in FIG. 1 is achieved.
- the configuration of the optically anisotropic film will be described in detail.
- each embodiment (the first embodiment and the second embodiment) will be described.
- the description of the composition used to form the optically anisotropic film the method of manufacturing the optically anisotropic film, and the description of the use, etc., which will be described later, the first embodiment and the second embodiment. And will be explained collectively.
- the first embodiment of the optically anisotropic film satisfies the relationship of Formula (A).
- Formula (A) Re (450) / Re (550) ⁇ 1 Re (450) represents the in-plane retardation of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 450 nm
- Re (550) represents the in-plane retardation of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- Re (450) / Re (550) is preferably 0.97 or less, more preferably 0.92 or less, and still more preferably 0.87 or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is often 0.75 or more.
- the Re (650) / Re (550) of the first embodiment of the optically anisotropic film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.05 or more, more preferably 1.08 or more, and still more preferably 1.10 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.25 or less, more preferably 1.20 or less.
- Re (650) represents the in-plane retardation of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 650 nm.
- the Re (550) of the first embodiment of the optically anisotropic film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 110 to 160 nm, and more preferably 120 to 150 nm in that it is useful as a ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the thickness of the first embodiment of the optically anisotropic film is not particularly limited, and from the viewpoint of thickness reduction of the retardation film, 10 ⁇ m or less is preferable, 0.5 to 8.0 ⁇ m is more preferable, and 0.5 to 6 0 ⁇ m is more preferred.
- the thickness of the optically anisotropic film is intended to mean the average thickness of the optically anisotropic film. The average thickness is obtained by measuring the thickness of any five or more places of the optically anisotropic film and arithmetically averaging them.
- the absorption at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm in the direction of the fast axis of the optically anisotropic film (hereinafter also referred to as “absorption F”) is The absorption at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm in the direction of the slow axis (hereinafter also referred to as “absorption S”) is larger.
- absorption F is larger than absorption S means the maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm of the absorption spectrum obtained when the optical anisotropic film is irradiated with polarized light parallel to the fast axis of the optical anisotropic film.
- the absorption spectrum obtained when the optical anisotropic film is irradiated with polarized light parallel to the slow axis of the optically anisotropic film is larger than the maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm.
- the above measurement can be performed using a spectrophotometer (MPC-3100 (manufactured by SHIMADZU)) equipped with a polarizer for infrared light.
- the above-mentioned absorption anisotropy can be realized by using an infrared absorbing dye as described later.
- the absorption F can be made larger than the absorption S by using the dichroic infrared absorbing dye and setting the axis direction of the high absorbance of this dye parallel to the fast axis direction of the optically anisotropic film.
- the alignment order degree S 0 of the optically anisotropic film at the maximum absorption wavelength at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm of the infrared absorbing dye is not particularly limited, .10 or less often.
- the orientation order degree S 0 is large, the reverse wavelength dispersion of the optically anisotropic film can be improved even if the amount of the infrared absorbing dye used is reduced. Therefore, when the optically anisotropic film is applied as an antireflection film of an organic EL (electroluminescence) display device, it is preferable to satisfy the relationship of the formula (B) in that the luminance of the organic EL display device is more excellent.
- Formula (B) -0.50 ⁇ S 0 ⁇ -0.15 Among them, the degree of orientation order S 0 is more preferably ⁇ 0.40 to ⁇ 0.20, and still more preferably ⁇ 0.30 to ⁇ 0.20.
- the alignment order degree S 0 ( ⁇ ) of the optical anisotropic film at the wavelength ⁇ nm is a value represented by the formula (C).
- Formula (C) S 0 ( ⁇ ) (A p -A v) / (A p + 2A v) Wherein (C), A p represents the absorbance for light polarized in a direction parallel to the slow axis direction of the optically anisotropic film.
- a v shows the absorbance for light polarized in a direction perpendicular to the slow axis direction of the optically anisotropic film.
- the degree of orientational order S 0 ( ⁇ ) of the optically anisotropic film can be determined by the polarization absorption measurement of the optically anisotropic film.
- the above measurement can be performed using a spectrophotometer (MPC-3100 (manufactured by SHIMADZU)) equipped with a polarizer for infrared light.
- ⁇ is the maximum absorption wavelength of the absorption spectrum at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm obtained by the absorption measurement of the optically anisotropic film.
- the alignment order degree S 0 of the optically anisotropic film at the maximum absorption wavelength at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm of the infrared absorbing dye satisfies the relationship of the formula (B).
- Formula (B) -0.50 ⁇ S 0 ⁇ -0.15 the degree of orientation order S 0 is more preferably ⁇ 0.40 to ⁇ 0.20, and still more preferably ⁇ 0.30 to ⁇ 0.20.
- the measurement method of the orientation order degree S 0 ( ⁇ ) of the optically anisotropic film is as described in the above-mentioned ⁇ first embodiment>.
- the absorption (absorption F) at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm in the direction of the fast axis of the optically anisotropic film is in the direction of the slow axis of the optically anisotropic film.
- the above-mentioned "absorption F is larger than absorption S” means the maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm of the absorption spectrum obtained when the optical anisotropic film is irradiated with polarized light parallel to the fast axis of the optical anisotropic film.
- the absorption spectrum obtained when the optical anisotropic film is irradiated with polarized light parallel to the slow axis of the optically anisotropic film is larger than the maximum absorbance at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm.
- the above measurement can be performed using a spectrophotometer (MPC-3100 (manufactured by SHIMADZU)) equipped with a polarizer for infrared light.
- the above-mentioned anisotropy of absorption can be realized by using an infrared absorbing dye.
- the absorption F can be made larger than the absorption S by using the dichroic infrared absorbing dye and setting the axis direction of the high absorbance of this dye parallel to the fast axis direction of the optically anisotropic film.
- the second embodiment of the optically anisotropic film satisfy the relationship of the formula (A).
- Formula (A) Re (450) / Re (550) ⁇ 1 Re (450) represents the in-plane retardation of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 450 nm
- Re (550) represents the in-plane retardation of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 550 nm.
- Re (450) / Re (550) is preferably 0.97 or less, more preferably 0.92 or less, and still more preferably 0.87 or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is often 0.75 or more.
- the Re (650) / Re (550) of the second embodiment of the optically anisotropic film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.05 or more, more preferably 1.08 or more, and still more preferably 1.10 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.25 or less, more preferably 1.20 or less.
- Re (650) represents the in-plane retardation of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 650 nm.
- the Re (550) of the second embodiment of the optically anisotropic film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 110 to 160 nm and more preferably 120 to 150 nm in that it is useful as a ⁇ / 4 plate.
- the thickness of the second embodiment of the optically anisotropic film is not particularly limited, and is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less from the viewpoint of thinning of the retardation film, more preferably 0.5 to 8.0 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.5 to 6). 0 ⁇ m is more preferred.
- the method of measuring the thickness of the optically anisotropic film is as described in the above-mentioned ⁇ first embodiment>.
- the optically anisotropic film of the present invention is a layer formed from a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and an infrared absorbing dye.
- a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and an infrared absorbing dye In the following, the materials used will be described in detail, and then the method of producing the optically anisotropic film will be described in detail.
- the type of liquid crystal compound is not particularly limited, but can be classified into a rod-like type (rod-like liquid crystal compound) and a disk-like type (disk-like liquid crystal compound; discotic liquid crystal compound) according to its shape. Furthermore, there are low molecular type and high molecular type, respectively.
- a polymer refers to one having a degree of polymerization of 100 or more (Polymer physics / phase transition dynamics, Masao Doi, page 2, Iwanami Shoten, 1992). Note that two or more types of rod-like liquid crystal compounds, two or more types of discotic liquid crystal compounds, or a mixture of a rod-like liquid crystal compound and a discotic liquid crystal compound may be used.
- the position of the maximum absorption wavelength of the liquid crystal compound is not particularly limited, it is preferably located in the ultraviolet region in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the liquid crystal compound a liquid crystal compound (a rod-like liquid crystal compound or a disc-like liquid crystal compound) having a polymerizable group is preferable because the temperature change and the humidity change of optical characteristics can be reduced.
- the liquid crystal compound may be a mixture of two or more types, in which case it is preferable that at least one has two or more polymerizable groups. That is, the optically anisotropic film is preferably a layer formed by fixing a liquid crystal compound (a rod-like liquid crystal compound or a disc-like liquid crystal compound) having a polymerizable group by polymerization or the like, and in this case, it became a layer After that, it is no longer necessary to exhibit liquid crystallinity.
- the type of the polymerizable group is not particularly limited, and is preferably a polymerizable group capable of radical polymerization or cationic polymerization.
- a radically polymerizable group a well-known radically polymerizable group can be used, An acryloyl group or a methacryloyl group is preferable.
- the cationically polymerizable group known cationically polymerizable groups can be used. Specifically, alicyclic ether groups, cyclic acetal groups, cyclic lactone groups, cyclic thioether groups, spiroorthoester groups, and vinyloxy groups Groups and the like. Among them, an alicyclic ether group or a vinyloxy group is preferable, and an epoxy group, an oxetanyl group or a vinyloxy group is more preferable.
- examples of preferred polymerizable groups include the following.
- a compound represented by the formula (I) is preferable as the liquid crystal compound.
- Formula (I) L 1 -SP 1 -A 1 -D 3 -G 1 -D 1 -Ar-D 2 -G 2 -D 4 -A 2 -SP 2 -L 2
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- G 1 and G 2 each independently represent a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and —CH 2 constituting an alicyclic hydrocarbon group One or more of-may be substituted with -O-, -S- or -NH-.
- a 1 and A 2 are each independently a single bond, having 6 or more aromatic ring carbons or represents a cycloalkylene ring having 6 or more carbon atoms.
- SP 1 and SP 2 each independently represent a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, or a linear chain having 1 to 14 carbon atoms.
- -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N (Q)-, or -CO- which is one or more of the -CH 2- constituting the linear or branched alkylene group is substituted
- Q represents a polymerizable group.
- L 1 and L 2 each independently represent a monovalent organic group (for example, an alkyl group or a polymerizable group).
- L 1 and L 2 are At least one represents a polymerizable group.
- Ar is a group represented by the formula (Ar-3) described later, at least one of L 1 and L 2 and L 3 and L 4 in the following formula (Ar-3) is a polymerizable group Represents
- the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 8 carbon atoms represented by G 1 and G 2 a 5- or 6-membered ring is preferable.
- the alicyclic hydrocarbon group may be either a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, but a saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group is preferred.
- Examples of the divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group represented by G 1 and G 2 can be referred to, for example, the description in paragraph [0078] of JP-A-2012-21068, the contents of which are incorporated herein. .
- examples of the aromatic ring having 6 or more carbon atoms represented by A 1 and A 2 include aromatic hydrocarbon rings such as benzene ring, naphthalene ring, anthracene ring, and phenanthroline ring; And aromatic heterocyclic rings such as a ring, a pyrrole ring, a thiophene ring, a pyridine ring, a thiazole ring, and a benzothiazole ring.
- a benzene ring eg, a 1,4-phenyl group etc.
- examples of the cycloalkylene ring having 6 or more carbon atoms represented by A 1 and A 2 include a cyclohexane ring, a cyclohexene ring and the like, and among them, a cyclohexane ring (eg cyclohexane) -1,4-diyl group etc. is preferable.
- the polymerizable group represented by L 1 and L 2 in the above formula (I) is not particularly limited, but a radically polymerizable group (radically polymerizable group) or a cationically polymerizable group (cationically polymerizable group) is preferable.
- the preferred range of the radically polymerizable group is as described above.
- Ar represents any aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of groups represented by the following formulas (Ar-1) to (Ar-5).
- formulas (Ar-1) ⁇ (Ar -5) * 1 denotes the bonding position to D 1
- * 2 represents a bonding position to D 2.
- Q 1 represents N or CH
- Q 2 represents -S-, -O-, or -N (R 5 )-
- R 5 represents R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
- Y 1 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aromatic complex having 3 to 12 carbon atoms Represents a ring group.
- the alkyl group for R 5 has 1 to 6 carbon atoms shown, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, n- butyl group, isobutyl group, sec- butyl group, tert- butyl group, n- pentyl And n-hexyl and the like.
- Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms represented by Y 1 include aryl groups such as phenyl group, 2,6-diethylphenyl group, and naphthyl group.
- Examples of the aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms represented by Y 1 include heteroaryl groups such as thienyl group, thiazolyl group, furyl group, pyridyl group, and benzofuryl group.
- the aromatic heterocyclic group also includes a group in which a benzene ring and an aromatic heterocyclic ring are condensed.
- a substituent which Y 1 may have an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a nitro group, an alkylsulfonyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, a cyano group, a halogen atom etc. are mentioned, for example.
- alkyl group for example, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (eg, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group) , N-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, and cyclohexyl group) are more preferable, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is further preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is particularly preferable.
- an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms eg, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group
- an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms is preferable, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms (eg, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-butoxy group, and methoxyethoxy group) is more preferable, An alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is more preferable, and a methoxy group or an ethoxy group is particularly preferable.
- a halogen atom a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom etc. are mentioned, for example, A fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable.
- Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, carbon A monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group of 3 to 20, a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group of 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group, -NR 6 R 7 or -SR 8
- R 6 to R 8 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Z 1 and Z 2 may be combined with each other to form a ring.
- the ring may be any of alicyclic, heterocyclic and aromatic rings, and is preferably an aromatic ring.
- the ring formed may be substituted by a substituent.
- a C1-C20 monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon group a C1-C15 alkyl group is preferable, a C1-C8 alkyl group is more preferable, and a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, tert is preferable.
- -Pentyl group (1,1-dimethylpropyl group), tert-butyl group, or 1,1-dimethyl-3,3-dimethyl-butyl group is more preferable, and methyl group, ethyl group or tert-butyl group Is particularly preferred.
- Examples of the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group, cycloheptyl group, cyclooctyl group, cyclodecyl group, methylcyclohexyl group, and Monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group such as ethylcyclohexyl group; cyclobutenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group, cycloheptenyl group, cyclooctenyl group, cyclodecenyl group, cyclopentadienyl group, cyclohexadienyl group, cyclooctadienyl group, And monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon groups such as cyclodecadiene group; bicyclo [2.2.1] heptyl group, bicyclo [2.2.2] oct
- dodecyl group and polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups such as adamantyl group
- the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include a phenyl group, 2,6-diethylphenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a biphenyl group, and an aryl group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms (In particular, a phenyl group) is preferred.
- a halogen atom a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom etc. are mentioned, for example, A fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, or a bromine atom is preferable.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by R 6 to R 8 is, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group And n-pentyl and n-hexyl groups.
- a 3 and A 4 are each independently selected from —O—, —N (R 9 ) —, —S— and —CO—
- R 9 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. Examples of the substituent represented by R 9 include the same as the substituent which Y 1 in the formula (Ar-1) may have.
- X represents a hydrogen atom or a nonmetallic atom of Group 14 to Group 16 to which a substituent may be bonded.
- non-metal atoms of Groups 14 to 16 represented by X include, for example, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom having a substituent, and a carbon atom having a substituent, and the substituent is exemplified by And the same as the substituent which Y 1 in the above formula (Ar-1) may have.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- SP 3 and SP 4 each independently represent a single bond, a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- One or more of -CH 2- constituting a linear or branched alkylene group is substituted by -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N (Q)-or -CO- Represents a divalent linking group, and Q represents a polymerizable group.
- L 3 and L 4 each independently represent a monovalent organic group (for example, an alkyl group or a polymerizable group), and as described above, L 3 and L 4 and at least one of L 1 and L 2 in the above formula (I) represent a polymerizable group.
- Ax has at least one aromatic ring selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic heterocycle, and has 2 to 30 carbon atoms Represents an organic group.
- Ay is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, or an aromatic hydrocarbon ring and an aromatic group
- the aromatic ring in Ax and Ay may have a substituent, and Ax and Ay may combine to form a ring.
- Q 3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may have a substituent.
- Ax and Ay those described in paragraphs [0039] to [0095] of WO 2014/010325 pamphlet can be mentioned.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms represented by Q 3 for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n -Pentyl group, n-hexyl group and the like can be mentioned, and examples of the substituent include the same as the substituent which Y 1 in the above formula (Ar-1) may have.
- At least one of A 1 and A 2 is preferably a cycloalkylene ring having 6 or more carbon atoms, and one of A 1 and A 2 has 6 or more carbon atoms in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent. More preferred is a cycloalkylene ring of
- the content of the liquid crystal compound in the composition is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 70% by mass or more based on the total solid content in the composition.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is often 90% by mass or less.
- the solvent is not contained in the total solid in the composition.
- the infrared absorbing dye is not particularly limited as long as it is a dye that absorbs infrared rays (in particular, light having a wavelength of 700 to 900 m).
- the infrared absorbing dye is preferably a dichroic dye.
- the dichroic dye is a dye having a property in which the absorbance in the long axis direction of the molecule and the absorbance in the short axis direction are different.
- infrared absorbing dyes diketopyrrolopyrrole dyes, diimmonium dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, naphthalocyanine dyes, azo dyes, polymethine dyes, anthraquinone dyes, pyrilium dyes, squarylium dyes, triphenylmethane dyes And dyes, cyanine dyes, and aminium dyes.
- the infrared absorbing dye may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the infrared absorbing dye preferably has a mesogenic group in that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the infrared absorbing dye has a mesogenic group, it is easy to align with the liquid crystal compound described above, and control of predetermined absorption characteristics is easy to perform.
- a mesogenic group is a functional group having rigidity and orientation.
- a plurality of groups selected from the group consisting of an aromatic ring group (aromatic hydrocarbon ring group and aromatic heterocyclic group) and an alicyclic group are directly, or directly or linking groups (eg, A structure in which they are linked via -CO-, -O-, -NR- (wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group) or a combination thereof is mentioned.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the infrared absorbing dye is preferably 650 to 1000 nm, more preferably 700 to 900 nm, from the viewpoint that the effect of the present invention is more excellent.
- the integrated value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm of the infrared absorbing dye is larger than the integrated value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of the infrared absorbing dye, in terms of more excellent effects of the present invention.
- the integrated value of the absorbance is a value obtained by summing the absorbance at each wavelength in X to Y nm. The measurement can be performed using a spectrophotometer (MPC-3100 (manufactured by SHIMADZU)).
- a compound represented by the formula (1) can be mentioned.
- the compound having the structure represented by the formula (1) has less absorption in the visible light region, and the coloring of the resulting optically anisotropic film is further suppressed.
- this compound contains a group having a mesogenic group, it is easy to align with the liquid crystal compound.
- the group having a mesogenic group is disposed in a form extending laterally from the fused ring portion containing the nitrogen atom at the center of the compound, relative to the slow axis of the optical anisotropic film to be formed, The fused ring portions are easily arranged in the orthogonal direction.
- R 11 and R 12 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, at least one of which is an electron withdrawing group, and R 11 and R 12 may combine to form a ring.
- a substituent for example, alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, aryl group, amino group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, aromatic heterocyclic oxy group, acyl group, alkoxycarbonyl group, aryloxycarbonyl group, acyloxy group , Acylamino group, alkoxycarbonylamino group, aryloxycarbonylamino group, sulfonylamino group, sulfamoyl group, carbamoyl group, alkylthio group, arylthio group, aromatic heterocyclic thio group, sulfonyl group, sulfinyl group, ureido group, phosphoric acid amide Groups, hydroxy groups, mercapto groups, hal
- a Hammett ⁇ p value (sigma para value) represents a positive substituent, and examples thereof include a cyano group, an acyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a sulfamoyl group, a sulfinyl group, and a hetero compound A ring group is mentioned. These electron withdrawing groups may be further substituted.
- the Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ value will be described. Hammett's Law, 1939 L., et al., Discusses quantitatively the influence of substituents on the reaction or equilibrium of benzene derivatives. P. A rule of thumb proposed by Hammett, which is widely accepted today.
- Substituent constants determined by the Hammett rule include ⁇ p values and ⁇ m values, and these values can be found in many general books. For example, J. A. Dean ed., "Lange's Handbook of Chemistry", 12th Edition, 1979 (Mc Graw-Hill) and "Area of Chemistry", extra issue, No. 122, pp. 96-103, 1979 (Nanko-do), Chem. Rev. , 1991, 91, 165-195.
- a substituent having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value of 0.20 or more is preferable as the electron withdrawing group.
- the ⁇ p value is preferably 0.25 or more, more preferably 0.30 or more, and still more preferably 0.35 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.80 or less. Specific examples thereof include cyano group (0.66), carboxyl group (-COOH: 0.45), alkoxycarbonyl group (-COOMe: 0.45), aryloxycarbonyl group (-COPoph: 0.44), carbamoyl group (-CONH 2: 0.36), an alkylcarbonyl group (-COMe: 0.50), an arylcarbonyl group (-COPh: 0.43), an alkylsulfonyl group (-SO 2 Me: 0.72), and And an arylsulfonyl group (—SO 2 Ph: 0.68).
- Me represents a methyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group.
- the values in parentheses are the ⁇ p values of typical substituents, as described in Chem. Rev. , 1991, vol. 91, pages 165-195.
- R 11 and R 12 combine to form a ring, they form a 5- to 7-membered (preferably 5- to 6-membered) ring, and the ring formed is usually used as an acidic nucleus in merocyanine dyes. Are preferred.
- the ring formed by combining R 11 and R 12 includes 1,3-dicarbonyl nucleus, pyrazolinone nucleus, 2,4,6-triketohexahydropyrimidine nucleus (including thioketone form), 2-thio- 2,4-thiazolidinedione nucleus, 2-thio-2,4-oxazolidinedione nucleus, 2-thio-2,5-thiazolidinedione nucleus, 2,4-thiazolidinedione nucleus, 2,4-imidazolidinedione nucleus, 2 -Thio-2,4-imidazolidinedione nucleus, 2-imidazolin-5-one nucleus, 3,5-pyrazolidinedione nucleus, benzothiophen-3-one nucleus or indanone nucleus is preferred.
- R 11 is preferably a heterocyclic group.
- Preferred is a group, a benzo-fused or naphtho-fused cyclic group thereof, or a complex of these fused rings.
- R 13 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, a substituted boron, or a metal atom may be covalently bonded or coordinately bonded with R 11.
- the substituent of the substituted boron represented by R 13 has the same meaning as the substituent described above for R 11 and R 12 , and is preferably an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- the metal atom represented by R 13 is preferably a transition metal atom, a magnesium atom, an aluminum atom, a calcium atom, a barium atom, a zinc atom, or a tin atom, and an aluminum atom, a zinc atom, a tin atom, a vanadium atom, Iron atom, cobalt atom, nickel atom, copper atom, palladium atom, iridium atom or platinum atom is more preferable.
- Each R 14 independently represents a group having a mesogenic group.
- the definition of the mesogenic group is as described above.
- R 14 is preferably a group represented by Formula (2). * Represents a bonding position.
- Formula (2) * -M 1- (X 1 -M 2 ) n -X 2 -P M 1 represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group or a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group.
- the arylene group includes a phenylene group.
- R 0 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- M 2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylene group, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group.
- n represents 1 to 5; Among them, 2 to 4 is preferable.
- P represents a hydrogen atom or a polymerizable group. The definition of the polymerizable group is the same as the definition of the polymerizable group which the above-mentioned liquid crystal compound may have.
- the infrared absorbing dye is more preferably a compound represented by Formula (3).
- R 14 The definition of R 14 is as described above.
- Each R 22 independently represents a cyano group, an acyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkylsulfinyl group, an arylsulfinyl group, or a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl group.
- R 15 and R 16 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or represents a heteroaryl group, R 15 and R 16 may form a ring. Examples of the ring formed include an alicyclic ring having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl ring having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, and a heteroaryl ring having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 17 and R 18 each independently represent an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group.
- the content of the infrared absorbing dye in the composition is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 5 to 70% by mass, more preferably 10 to 50% by mass with respect to the total mass of the liquid crystal compound, in terms of more excellent effects of the present invention. .
- the composition may contain components other than the liquid crystal compound and the infrared absorbing dye described above.
- the composition may contain a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerization initiator to be used is selected according to the type of polymerization reaction, and includes, for example, a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization initiator.
- a photopolymerization initiator an ⁇ -carbonyl compound, an acyloin ether, an ⁇ -hydrocarbon substituted aromatic acyloin compound, a polynuclear quinone compound, and a combination of a triarylimidazole dimer and a p-aminophenyl ketone may be mentioned.
- Be The content of the polymerization initiator in the composition is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, and more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, with respect to the total solid content of the composition.
- the composition may also contain a polymerizable monomer.
- the polymerizable monomer include radically polymerizable or cationically polymerizable compounds. Among them, polyfunctional radically polymerizable monomers are preferred.
- the polymerizable monomer monomers copolymerizable with the liquid crystal compound having the above-mentioned polymerizable group are preferable.
- the content of the polymerizable monomer in the composition is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 2 to 30% by mass, with respect to the total mass of the liquid crystal compound.
- the composition may also include a surfactant.
- a surfactant although a conventionally well-known compound is mentioned, a fluorine-type compound is preferable.
- the compounds described in paragraphs [0028] to [0056] in JP 2001-307725 A, and the compounds described in paragraphs [0069] to [0126] in Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-295212 can be mentioned.
- the composition may also contain a solvent.
- a solvent an organic solvent is preferable.
- the organic solvent amide (eg: N, N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxide (eg: dimethyl sulfoxide), heterocyclic compound (eg: pyridine), hydrocarbon (eg: benzene, hexane), alkyl halide (eg: chloroform) And dichloromethane (eg, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate), ketones (eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone), and ethers (eg, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane).
- two or more types of organic solvents may be used in combination.
- the composition may also contain a vertical alignment agent and various alignment control agents such as a horizontal alignment agent. These alignment control agents are compounds capable of controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal compound horizontally or vertically on the interface side. Furthermore, the composition may contain an adhesion improver, a plasticizer, and a polymer, in addition to the above components.
- the method for producing the optically anisotropic film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include known methods. Among them, from the viewpoint of easy control of in-plane retardation, a coating is formed by applying a composition containing a liquid crystal compound having a polymerizable group (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “polymerizable liquid crystal compound”) and an infrared absorbing dye. The coating film is subjected to orientation treatment to orient the polymerizable liquid crystal compound, and the resulting coating film is cured (irradiation with ultraviolet light (light irradiation treatment) or heat treatment) to obtain an optically anisotropic film.
- the method of forming is preferred. Hereinafter, the procedure of the above method will be described in detail.
- the composition is applied onto a support to form a coating, and the coating is subjected to orientation treatment to orient the polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the composition used contains a polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the definition of the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is as described above.
- the support used is a member having a function as a substrate for applying the composition.
- the support may be a temporary support which is peeled off after application and curing of the composition.
- a support temporary support
- a glass substrate may be used as a support (temporary support).
- Materials constituting the plastic film include polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate resin, (meth) acrylic resin, epoxy resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane resin, polyamide resin, polyolefin resin, cellulose derivative, silicone resin, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the like.
- the thickness of the support may be about 5 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 250 ⁇ m, and more preferably 15 to 90 ⁇ m.
- the alignment layer generally contains a polymer as a main component. Polymers for orientation layers are described in many documents, and many commercially available products are available. As a polymer for alignment layers, polyvinyl alcohol, a polyimide, or its derivative is preferable.
- the alignment layer is preferably subjected to known rubbing treatment. The thickness of the alignment layer is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the method of applying the composition includes curtain coating, dip coating, spin coating, print coating, spray coating, slot coating, roll coating, slide coating, blade coating, gravure coating, and Wire bar method etc. may be mentioned. In any of the coating methods, single-layer coating is preferred.
- the coating formed on the support is subjected to orientation treatment to orient the polymerizable liquid crystal compound in the coating.
- the orientation treatment can be performed by drying the coating at room temperature or by heating the coating.
- the liquid crystal phase formed in the alignment treatment can generally be transformed by a change in temperature or pressure.
- transfer can also be performed by a composition ratio such as the amount of solvent.
- the conditions for heating the coating are not particularly limited, but the heating temperature is preferably 50 to 250 ° C., more preferably 50 to 150 ° C., and the heating time is preferably 10 seconds to 10 minutes.
- the cooling temperature is preferably 20 to 200 ° C., and more preferably 30 to 150 ° C.
- the difference in particular between the heating temperature of the coating film mentioned above and the cooling temperature of the coating film mentioned above is not restrict
- the upper limit in particular is not restrict
- the heating temperature T A of the coating film is 50 ⁇ 250 ° C.
- the cooling temperature T B is the heating temperature T A ⁇ 0 .4 to the heating temperature T A ⁇ 0.7.
- the coating film in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is oriented is subjected to a curing treatment.
- the method for the curing treatment to be carried out on the coating film in which the polymerizable liquid crystal compound is oriented is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include light irradiation treatment and heat treatment. Among them, light irradiation treatment is preferable, and ultraviolet irradiation treatment is more preferable, from the viewpoint of production suitability.
- the irradiation condition of the light irradiation treatment is not particularly limited, but an irradiation amount of 50 to 1000 mJ / cm 2 is preferable.
- the arrangement state of the infrared absorbing dye and the like can be adjusted, and as a result, the optical characteristics of the optical anisotropic film can be adjusted.
- the heating temperature at the time of aligning the liquid crystal compound after applying the composition on a support to form a coating and the cooling temperature at the time of cooling after heating, the infrared absorbing dye
- the arrangement state and the like can be adjusted, and as a result, the optical characteristics of the optical anisotropic film can be adjusted.
- the optically anisotropic film described above can be applied to various applications.
- the in-plane retardation of the optically anisotropic film can be adjusted to be used as a so-called ⁇ / 4 plate or ⁇ / 2 plate.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate is a plate having a function of converting linearly polarized light of a specific wavelength into circularly polarized light (or circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light).
- the in-plane retardation Re at a predetermined wavelength ⁇ nm is a plate showing ⁇ / 4 (or an odd multiple thereof).
- the in-plane retardation (Re (550)) of the ⁇ / 4 plate at a wavelength of 550 nm may have an error of about 25 nm centered on the ideal value (137.5 nm), for example, 110 to 160 nm Preferably, it is 120 to 150 nm.
- the ⁇ / 2 plate refers to an optically anisotropic film in which in-plane retardation Re ( ⁇ ) at a specific wavelength ⁇ nm satisfies Re ( ⁇ ) ⁇ ⁇ / 2. This equation may be achieved at any wavelength in the visible light range (for example, 550 nm). Among them, it is preferable that the in-plane retardation Re (550) at a wavelength of 550 nm satisfy the following relationship. 210 nm ⁇ Re (550) ⁇ 300 nm
- An optically anisotropic film and an optical film including the optically anisotropic film may be included in a display device. That is, as a more specific application of the optically anisotropic film, for example, an optical compensation film for optically compensating a liquid crystal cell, and an antireflection film used for a display device such as an organic electroluminescence display device can be mentioned. . Among them, a circularly polarizing plate including an optical anisotropic film and a polarizer is mentioned as a preferable embodiment of the optical film. This circularly polarizing plate can be suitably used as the above-mentioned antireflection film.
- the reflection color can be further suppressed.
- the optically anisotropic film of the present invention is suitably used for an optical compensation film of an IPS (In Plane Switching) type liquid crystal display device, and changes in color when viewed from an oblique direction and light leakage at the time of black display. It can be improved.
- IPS In Plane Switching
- the circularly-polarizing plate containing a polarizer and an optically anisotropic film is mentioned.
- the polarizer may be any member (linear polarizer) having a function of converting light into specific linear polarization, and an absorptive polarizer can mainly be used.
- an absorption type light polarizer an iodine system light polarizer, a dye system light polarizer using a dichroic dye, a polyene system light polarizer, etc. are mentioned.
- iodine type polarizers and dye type polarizers there are a coating type polarizer and a stretching type polarizer, either of which can be applied, but it is made by adsorbing iodine or a dichroic dye to polyvinyl alcohol and stretching it. Polarizers are preferred.
- the relationship between the absorption axis of the polarizer and the slow axis of the optically anisotropic film is not particularly limited, but in the case where the optically anisotropic film is a ⁇ / 4 plate and the optical film is used as a circularly polarizing film,
- the angle between the absorption axis of the child and the slow axis of the optically anisotropic film is preferably 45 ° ⁇ 10 °.
- the infrared absorbing dye IR-1 was synthesized according to the above scheme with reference to JP-A-2011-68731.
- the infrared absorbing dye IR-2 was synthesized with reference to the above-mentioned ⁇ Synthesis of infrared absorbing dye IR-1>.
- the infrared absorbing dye IR-1 and the infrared absorbing dye IR-2 were dissolved in chloroform at a concentration of 10 ⁇ 4 mol / l, respectively, and the spectral characteristics were measured using the obtained solution.
- a spectrophotometer MPC-3100 (manufactured by SHIMADZU) was used.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the infrared absorption dye IR-1 was 780 nm
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the infrared absorption dye IR-2 was 780 nm.
- the integrated value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm of the infrared absorbing dye IR-1 was larger than the integrated value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of the infrared absorbing dye IR-1.
- the integrated value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm of the infrared absorbing dye IR-2 was larger than the integrated value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of the infrared absorbing dye IR-2.
- Example 1 Cellulose acylate film T1 ("TD40UL" (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.)) was passed through a dielectric heating roll at a temperature of 60 ° C, and the film surface temperature was raised to 40 ° C. An alkaline solution of the composition was applied at a coating amount of 14 ml / m 2 using a bar coater, and the film was heated to 110 ° C. Next, under a steam-type far-infrared heater manufactured by Noritake Co., Ltd. Next, 3 ml / m 2 of pure water was applied to the surface of the film using the same bar coater, and then the obtained film was washed with water using a fountain coater. After repeated three times with an air knife, the film was transported to a 70 ° C. drying zone for 10 seconds to be dried and alkali saponified. It was the support to prepare a cellulose acylate film.
- An alignment layer coating solution of the following composition was continuously applied to the above support using a # 14 wire bar.
- the coated substrate was dried with warm air at 60 ° C. for 60 seconds, and further with warm air at 100 ° C. for 120 seconds.
- the coated film after drying was continuously subjected to rubbing treatment to form an alignment layer.
- the long film longitudinal direction and the transport direction were parallel to each other, and the rotational axis of the rubbing roller with respect to the film longitudinal direction was a 45 ° clockwise direction.
- the following coating solution 1 for optically anisotropic film was prepared.
- Liquid crystal compound L-1 60 parts by mass
- Liquid crystal compound L-2 40 parts by mass Infrared absorbing dye IR-1 20 parts by mass
- Photopolymerization initiator 1 Irgacure OXE01, manufactured by BASF
- Photopolymerization initiator 2 IRGACURE 184, manufactured by BASF Corp.
- the coating solution 1 for an optically anisotropic film was coated on the alignment layer with a wire bar to form a coating, heated at 100 ° C. for 5 minutes, and cooled to 60 ° C. Thereafter, nitrogen purge was performed so that the atmosphere had an oxygen concentration of 1.0% by volume or less, and an ultraviolet ray with an irradiation amount of 500 mJ / cm 2 was irradiated to the coating using a high pressure mercury lamp to produce an optically anisotropic film. .
- optical properties of the obtained optically anisotropic film were measured using AxoScan OPMF-1 (manufactured by Opt Science Co., Ltd.), and Re (550) was 140 nm and Re (450) / Re (550) was 0.82 , Re (650) / Re (550) was 1.10. Moreover, when absorption in the infrared region was confirmed using a spectrophotometer (MPC-3100 (manufactured by SHIMADZU)) equipped with a polarizer for infrared light, the fast axis of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm It was confirmed that the absorption in the direction parallel to is larger than the absorption in the direction parallel to the slow axis. In addition, the alignment order degree S 0 of the optically anisotropic film at the maximum absorption wavelength of the infrared absorbing dye IR-1 was ⁇ 0.25.
- Example 2 An optically anisotropic film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of the infrared absorbing dye IR-1 used was changed from 20 parts by mass to 40 parts by mass.
- the optical properties of the obtained optically anisotropic film were measured using AxoScan OPMF-1 (manufactured by Opt Science Co., Ltd.).
- the Re (550) was 143 nm and the Re (450) / Re (550) was 0.83.
- Re (650) / Re (550) was 1.13.
- the fast axis of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm It was confirmed that the absorption in the direction parallel to is larger than the absorption in the direction parallel to the slow axis.
- the alignment order degree S 0 of the optically anisotropic film at the maximum absorption wavelength of the infrared absorbing dye IR-1 was ⁇ 0.20.
- Example 3 An optically anisotropic film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the infrared absorbing dye IR-1 was changed to IR-2. The optical properties of the obtained optically anisotropic film were measured using AxoScan OPMF-1 (manufactured by Opt Science Co., Ltd.). The Re (550) was 143 nm and the Re (450) / Re (550) was 0.82 , Re (650) / Re (550) was 1.10.
- the fast axis of the optically anisotropic film at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm It was confirmed that the absorption in the direction parallel to is larger than the absorption in the direction parallel to the slow axis.
- the alignment order degree S 0 of the optically anisotropic film at the maximum absorption wavelength of the infrared absorbing dye IR-1 was ⁇ 0.20.
- Comparative Example 1 An optically anisotropic film was obtained according to the same procedure as in Example 1 except that the infrared absorbing dye IR-1 was not used. The optical properties of the obtained optically anisotropic film were measured using AxoScan OPMF-1 (manufactured by Opt Science Co., Ltd.), and Re (550) was 140 nm and Re (450) / Re (550) was 0.82 , Re (650) / Re (550) was 1.04.
- the optically anisotropic film exhibiting predetermined optical characteristics can be obtained by keeping Re (450) / Re (550) low (0.85 or less), Re (650) / Re ( An optically anisotropic film having a dispersion characteristic closer to the ideal is obtained (550) is larger (1.10 or more).
- Example 4 A polyimide alignment film SE-130 (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was applied by spin coating onto the cleaned glass substrate. After drying the applied film, the applied film was sintered at 250 ° C. for 1 hour, and then the applied film was rubbed to form an alignment layer.
- the following coating solution 4 for optically anisotropic film was prepared.
- the following liquid crystal compound L-3 100 parts by weight Infrared absorbing dye IR-3 10 parts by weight
- Photopolymerization initiator S-1 2.0 parts by weight
- Fluorine-containing compound F-1 1.0 parts by weight Chloroform 571.8 parts by weight
- the group adjacent to the acryloyloxy group in the structural formulas of the following liquid crystal compound L-3 and infrared absorbing dye IR-3 represents a propylene group (a group in which a methyl group is substituted with an ethylene group), and the following liquid crystal compound L- 3 and the infrared absorbing dye IR-3 represent a mixture of regioisomers differing in the position of the methyl group.
- Liquid crystal compound L-3 (hereinafter, structural formula)
- Infrared absorbing dye IR-3 (hereinafter structural formula)
- the coating solution 4 for an optically anisotropic film was applied onto the alignment layer by spin coating to form a coating, and the coating was heated at 120 ° C. for 1 minute and cooled to 60 ° C. Thereafter, nitrogen purge was performed so that the atmosphere had an oxygen concentration of 1.0% by volume or less, and an ultraviolet ray with an irradiation amount of 500 mJ / cm 2 was irradiated to the coating using a high pressure mercury lamp to produce an optically anisotropic film. .
- the optical properties of the obtained optically anisotropic film were measured using AxoScan OPMF-1 (manufactured by Opt Science Co., Ltd.), and Re (550) was 140 nm and Re (450) / Re (550) was 0.78.
- Re (650) / Re (550) was 1.25.
- MPC-3100 manufactured by SHIMADZU
- SHIMADZU spectrophotometer
- Examples 5 to 7 and Comparative Example 2 Type and amount of liquid crystal compound used, type and amount of infrared absorbing dye, amount of photopolymerization initiator S-1, amount of fluorine-containing compound F-1, and heating conditions for film formation And except that the cooling conditions were changed as shown in Table 1, an optically anisotropic film was produced according to the same procedure as in Example 4.
- the Re (550), Re (450) / Re (550), Re (650) / Re (550), and orientation degree S 0 of the optically anisotropic film obtained in each Example and Comparative Example are listed. It shows collectively to 1.
- liquid crystal compounds and infrared absorbing dyes in Table 1 are as follows.
- Liquid crystal compound L-4 (hereinafter, structural formula)
- Liquid crystal compound L-5 (hereinafter, structural formula)
- Liquid crystal compound L-6 (hereinafter, structural formula)
- Infrared absorbing dye IR-4 (hereinafter, structural formula)
- the group adjacent to the acryloyloxy group in the structural formula of the infrared ray absorbing dye IR-4 represents a propylene group (a group in which a methyl group is substituted with an ethylene group), and the infrared ray absorbing dye IR-4 is a methyl group It represents a mixture of regioisomers with different positions.
- Infrared absorbing dyes IR-3 and IR-4 were synthesized with reference to ⁇ Synthesis of infrared absorbing dye IR-1> described above.
- the infrared absorbing dye IR-3 and the infrared absorbing dye IR-4 were dissolved in chloroform at a concentration of 10 -4 mol / l, respectively, and the spectral characteristics were measured using the obtained solution.
- a spectrophotometer MPC-3100 (manufactured by SHIMADZU) was used.
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the infrared absorption dye IR-3 was 785 nm
- the maximum absorption wavelength of the infrared absorption dye IR-4 was 800 nm.
- the integrated value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm of the infrared absorbing dye IR-3 was larger than the integrated value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of the infrared absorbing dye IR-1.
- the integrated value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 700 to 900 nm of the infrared absorbing dye IR-4 was larger than the integrated value of the absorbance at a wavelength of 400 to 700 nm of the infrared absorbing dye IR-2.
- a commercially available cellulose acylate film "TD80UL" (manufactured by Fujifilm Corporation) is prepared, immersed in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide at 55 ° C at 1.5 mol / l, and the obtained film is then sufficiently watered with water. The sodium oxide was washed away. Thereafter, the obtained film was immersed in a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution at 35 ° C. at 0.005 mol / liter for 1 minute, and then the obtained film was immersed in water to thoroughly wash away the dilute aqueous sulfuric acid solution on the film. Thereafter, the washed film was dried at 120 ° C. to prepare a polarizer protective film.
- a polarizer comprising a polarizer and a polarizer protective film disposed on one side of the polarizer, wherein the polarizer protective film prepared above is bonded to one side of the polarizer prepared above with a polyvinyl alcohol adhesive.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive (SK-2057, manufactured by Soken Chemical Co., Ltd.) is applied to the polarizer (without a polarizer protective film) side in the produced polarizing plate to form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and the above Examples and Comparative Examples
- the optical anisotropic film produced in the above was pasted so that the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the optical anisotropic layer were in close contact with each other to produce a circularly polarizing plate.
- the angle between the slow axis of the optically anisotropic film and the transmission axis of the polarizer was 45 °.
- Galaxy S4 manufactured by Samsung Co., Ltd.
- a part of the antireflective film bonded to the product was peeled off to form a light emitting layer.
- An adhesive was attached to the light emitting layer via the pressure-sensitive adhesive so that the above-described circularly polarizing plate was attached without air entering, and an evaluation organic EL (electroluminescence) display device was produced.
- the optically anisotropic layer side of each polarizing plate was made to be the Galaxy S 4 side.
- “type (mass part)” in the “liquid crystal compound” column represents the type of liquid crystal compound used and the amount (mass part) used.
- 42 parts by mass of the liquid crystal compound L-4, 42 parts by mass of the liquid crystal compound L-5, and 16 parts by mass of the liquid crystal compound L-6 are used.
- the “infrared absorbing dye (parts by mass)” column indicates the type of infrared absorbing dye used and the amount (parts by mass) of the used dye.
- Example 4 represents that 10 parts by mass of infrared absorbing dye IR-3 was used.
- the coating solution for an optically anisotropic film is applied by spin coating on the alignment layer to form a coating, and the coating is heated and cooled, The heating temperature and the cooling temperature are shown, respectively.
- the evaluation “ ⁇ ” of the degree of orientational order in Comparative Example 2 represents that the measurement could not be performed because there is no absorption in the infrared region.
- the optically anisotropic film exhibiting predetermined optical characteristics can be obtained by keeping Re (450) / Re (550) low (0.85 or less), Re (650) / Re (50).
- An optically anisotropic film having a dispersion characteristic closer to the ideal is obtained (550) larger (more than 1.09).
- the effect is more excellent when the degree of orientation order S 0 satisfies the relationship of the formula (B): -0.50 ⁇ S 0 ⁇ -0.15. It was
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Abstract
Description
近年、逆波長分散性を示す光学異方性膜の検討がなされている(特許文献1)。なお、逆波長分散性とは、可視光線領域の少なくとも一部の波長領域において、測定波長が長いほど複屈折が大きくなる「負の分散」特性を意味する。
より具体的には、例えば、光学異方性膜としてλ/4板(1/4波長板)を例にとると、可視光線領域において位相差が測定波長の1/4波長となることが理想となる。しかし、従来の光学異方性膜においては、可視光線領域の長波長側において、理想曲線から外れる傾向にあった。なお、本明細書では、光学特性が理想曲線に近づくことを、逆波長分散性が優れるという。
本発明は、上記実情に鑑みて、優れた逆波長分散性を示す光学異方性膜を提供することを目的とする。
また、本発明は、円偏光板および表示装置を提供することも目的とする。
光学異方性膜は式(A)の関係を満たし、
光学異方性膜の進相軸の方向での波長700~900nmにおける吸収が、光学異方性膜の遅相軸の方向での波長700~900nmにおける吸収よりも大きい、光学異方性膜。
式(A) Re(450)/Re(550)<1
Re(450)は波長450nmにおける光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを表し、Re(550)は波長550nmにおける光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを表す。
(2) 赤外線吸収色素の波長700~900nmでの極大吸収波長における光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0が、式(B)の関係を満たす、(1)に記載の光学異方性膜。
式(B) -0.50<S0<-0.15
(3)液晶化合物および赤外線吸収色素を含む組成物から形成された光学異方性膜であって、
赤外線吸収色素の波長700~900nmでの極大吸収波長における光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0が、式(B)の関係を満たし、
光学異方性膜の進相軸の方向での波長700~900nmにおける吸収が、光学異方性膜の遅相軸の方向での波長700~900nmにおける吸収よりも大きい、光学異方性膜。
式(B) -0.50<S0<-0.15
(4) 赤外線吸収色素の波長700~900nmの吸光度の積算値が、赤外線吸収色素の波長400~700nmの吸光度の積算値よりも大きい、(1)~(3)のいずれかに記載の光学異方性膜。
(5) 赤外線吸収色素が、後述する式(1)で表される化合物である、(1)~(4)のいずれかに記載の光学異方性膜。
(6) 波長550nmにおける面内レタデーションが110~160nmである、(1)~(5)のいずれかに記載の光学異方性膜。
(7) (6)に記載の光学異方性膜と、偏光子とを有する、円偏光板。
(8) 表示素子と、表示素子上に配置された(7)に記載の円偏光板とを有する、表示装置。
また、本発明によれば、円偏光板および表示装置を提供できる。
本発明において、Re(λ)およびRth(λ)はAxoScan OPMF-1(オプトサイエンス社製)において、波長λで測定した値である。AxoScanにて平均屈折率((nx+ny+nz)/3)と膜厚(d(μm))を入力することにより、
遅相軸方向(°)
Re(λ)=R0(λ)
Rth(λ)=((nx+ny)/2-nz)×d
が算出される。
なお、R0(λ)は、AxoScan OPMF-1で算出される数値として表示されるものであるが、Re(λ)を意味している。
また、ポリマーハンドブック(JOHN WILEY&SONS,INC)、および、各種光学フィルムのカタログの値を使用できる。主な光学フィルムの平均屈折率の値を以下に例示する:セルロースアシレート(1.48)、シクロオレフィンポリマー(1.52)、ポリカーボネート(1.59)、ポリメチルメタクリレート(1.49)、および、ポリスチレン(1.59)。
また、本明細書において、角度(例えば「90°」などの角度)、およびその関係(例えば「直交」および「平行」など)については、本発明が属する技術分野において許容される誤差の範囲を含むものとする。例えば、厳密な角度±10°の範囲内であることなどを意味し、厳密な角度との誤差は、5°以下であることが好ましく、3°以下であることがより好ましい。
以下、本発明の特徴について詳述する。
まず、図1に、測定波長550nmでの複屈折値(Δn(550nm))を1として規格化した可視光線領域での各波長における複屈折(Δn(λ))の波長分散特性を示す。例えば、上述した理想的なλ/4板は、図1の点線に示すように、複屈折が測定波長に対し比例関係にあるため、測定波長が長いほど複屈折が大きくなる「負の分散」特性を有する。それに対して、従来の逆波長分散性を示す光学異方性膜は、図1の実線に示すように、短波長領域においては点線で示す理想曲線と重なる位置にもあるが、長波長領域においては理想曲線から外れる傾向を示す。
本発明の光学異方性膜においては、赤外線吸収色素を用いて、かつ、光学異方性膜の波長700~900nmにおける吸収特性を制御することにより、白抜き矢印で示すように、長波長領域における光学特性を理想曲線に近づけることができる。
有機分子は、固有吸収波長から離れた領域(図2のaの領域)における屈折率nは波長が増すと共に単調に減少する。このような分散は「正常分散」と言われる。これに対して、固有吸収を含む波長域(図2のbの領域)における屈折率nは、波長が増すとともに急激に増加する。このような分散は「異常分散」と言われる。
つまり、図2に示すように、吸収がある波長領域の直前においては屈折率の増減が観察される。
吸収特性Xを示す光学異方性膜においては、吸収特性Xを有さない光学異方性膜よりも、常光線屈折率がより低下する。
具体的には、図3において、上記吸収特性Xの有無による異常光線屈折率neと常光線屈折率noとの波長分散の比較を示す図である。図3中、太線は吸収特性Xがない場合の異常光線屈折率neのカーブを示し、実線は吸収特性Xがない場合の常光線屈折率noのカーブを示す。それに対して、吸収特性Xを有する本発明の光学異方性膜においては、上記図2で示したような波長700~900nmの吸収に由来する影響を受けて、破線で示すように可視光線領域の長波長領域において常光線屈折率noの値がより低下する。結果として、可視光線領域の長波長領域において、異常光線屈折率neと常光線屈折率noとの差である複屈折Δnがより大きくなり、図1に示す矢印の挙動が達成される。
以下、光学異方性膜の構成について詳述する。
なお、光学異方性膜の構成の説明においては、実施形態(第1実施形態および第2実施形態)ごとに説明する。
また、後段で説明する、光学異方性膜を形成するために用いる組成物の説明、光学異方性膜の製造方法、および、用途などの記載に関しては、第1実施形態と第2実施形態とをまとめて説明する。
光学異方性膜の第1実施形態は、式(A)の関係を満たす。
式(A) Re(450)/Re(550)<1
Re(450)は波長450nmにおける光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを表し、Re(550)は波長550nmにおける光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを表す。
なかでも、Re(450)/Re(550)は、0.97以下が好ましく、0.92以下がより好ましく、0.87以下がさらに好ましい。下限は特に制限されないが、0.75以上の場合が多い。
なお、Re(650)は、波長650nmにおける光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを表す。
なお、本明細書において、光学異方性膜の厚みとは、光学異方性膜の平均厚みを意図する。上記平均厚みは、光学異方性膜の任意の5箇所以上の厚みを測定して、それらを算術平均して求める。
上記「吸収Fが吸収Sよりも大きい」とは、光学異方性膜の進相軸に平行な偏光を光学異方性膜に照射した際に得られる吸収スペクトルの波長700~900nmにおける最大吸光度が、光学異方性膜の遅相軸に平行な偏光を光学異方性膜に照射した際に得られる吸収スペクトルの波長700~900nmにおける最大吸光度よりも大きいことを意図する。
なお、上記測定は、赤外線用偏光子を備えた分光光度計(MPC-3100(SHIMADZU製))を用いて実施できる。
式(B) -0.50<S0<-0.15
なかでも、配向秩序度S0は-0.40~-0.20であることがより好ましく、-0.30~-0.20であることがさらに好ましい。
式(C) S0(λ)=(Ap-Av)/(Ap+2Av)
式(C)中、Apは、光学異方性膜の遅相軸方向に対して平行方向に偏光した光に対する吸光度を表す。Avは、光学異方性膜の遅相軸方向に対して直交方向に偏光した光に対する吸光度を示す。
光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0(λ)は、光学異方性膜の偏光吸収測定により求めることができる。なお、上記測定は、赤外線用偏光子を備えた分光光度計(MPC-3100(SHIMADZU製))を用いて実施できる。λは、光学異方性膜の吸収測定で得られた波長700~900nmにおける吸収スペクトルの極大吸収波長である。
光学異方性膜の第2実施形態においては、赤外線吸収色素の波長700~900nmにおける極大吸収波長における光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0は、式(B)の関係を満たす。
式(B) -0.50<S0<-0.15
なかでも、配向秩序度S0は-0.40~-0.20であることがより好ましく、-0.30~-0.20であることがさらに好ましい。
光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0(λ)の測定方法は、上述した<第1実施形態>で説明した通りである。
上記「吸収Fが吸収Sよりも大きい」とは、光学異方性膜の進相軸に平行な偏光を光学異方性膜に照射した際に得られる吸収スペクトルの波長700~900nmにおける最大吸光度が、光学異方性膜の遅相軸に平行な偏光を光学異方性膜に照射した際に得られる吸収スペクトルの波長700~900nmにおける最大吸光度よりも大きいことを意図する。
なお、上記測定は、赤外線用偏光子を備えた分光光度計(MPC-3100(SHIMADZU製))を用いて実施できる。
式(A) Re(450)/Re(550)<1
Re(450)は波長450nmにおける光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを表し、Re(550)は波長550nmにおける光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを表す。
なかでも、Re(450)/Re(550)は、0.97以下が好ましく、0.92以下がより好ましく、0.87以下がさらに好ましい。下限は特に制限されないが、0.75以上の場合が多い。
なお、Re(650)は、波長650nmにおける光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを表す。
光学異方性膜の厚みの測定方法は、上述した<第1実施形態>で説明した通りである。
本発明の光学異方性膜は、液晶化合物および赤外線吸収色素を含む組成物から形成された層である。以下では、使用される材料について詳述し、その後、光学異方性膜の製造方法について詳述する。
液晶化合物の種類は特に制限されないが、その形状から、棒状タイプ(棒状液晶化合物)と円盤状タイプ(円盤状液晶化合物。ディスコティック液晶化合物)とに分類できる。さらにそれぞれ低分子タイプと高分子タイプとがある。高分子とは一般に重合度が100以上のものを指す(高分子物理・相転移ダイナミクス,土井 正男 著,2頁,岩波書店,1992)。なお、2種以上の棒状液晶化合物、2種以上の円盤状液晶化合物、または、棒状液晶化合物と円盤状液晶化合物との混合物を用いてもよい。
つまり、光学異方性膜は、重合性基を有する液晶化合物(棒状液晶化合物または円盤状液晶化合物)が重合などによって固定されて形成された層であることが好ましく、この場合、層となった後はもはや液晶性を示す必要はない。
上記重合性基の種類は特に制限されず、ラジカル重合またはカチオン重合が可能な重合性基が好ましい。
ラジカル重合性基としては、公知のラジカル重合性基を用いることができ、アクリロイル基またはメタアクリロイル基が好ましい。
カチオン重合性基としては、公知のカチオン重合性基を用いることができ、具体的には、脂環式エーテル基、環状アセタール基、環状ラクトン基、環状チオエーテル基、スピロオルソエステル基、および、ビニルオキシ基などが挙げられる。なかでも、脂環式エーテル基またはビニルオキシ基が好ましく、エポキシ基、オキセタニル基、または、ビニルオキシ基がより好ましい。
特に、好ましい重合性基の例としては下記が挙げられる。
式(I) L1-SP1-A1-D3-G1-D1-Ar-D2-G2-D4-A2-SP2-L2
上記式(I)中、D1、D2、D3およびD4は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-CO-、-C(=S)O-、-CR1R2-、-CR1R2-CR3R4-、-O-CR1R2-、-CR1R2-O-CR3R4-、-CO-O-CR1R2-、-O-CO-CR1R2-、-CR1R2-O-CO-CR3R4-、-CR1R2-CO-O-CR3R4-、-NR1-CR2R3-、または、-CO-NR1-を表す。
また、上記式(I)中、G1およびG2は、それぞれ独立に、炭素数5~8の2価の脂環式炭化水素基を表し、脂環式炭化水素基を構成する-CH2-の1個以上が-O-、-S-または-NH-で置換されていてもよい。
また、上記式(I)中、A1およびA2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、炭素数6以上の芳香環、または、炭素数6以上のシクロアルキレン環を表す。
また、上記式(I)中、SP1およびSP2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、炭素数1~14の直鎖状もしくは分岐鎖状のアルキレン基、または、炭素数1~14の直鎖状もしくは分岐鎖状のアルキレン基を構成する-CH2-の1個以上が-O-、-S-、-NH-、-N(Q)-、もしくは、-CO-に置換された2価の連結基を表し、Qは、重合性基を表す。
また、上記式(I)中、L1およびL2は、それぞれ独立に1価の有機基(例えば、アルキル基、または、重合性基)を表す。
なお、Arが後述する式(Ar-1)、式(Ar-2)、式(Ar-4)、または、式(Ar-5)で表される基である場合、L1およびL2の少なくとも一方は重合性基を表す。また、Arが、後述する式(Ar-3)で表される基である場合は、L1およびL2ならびに下記式(Ar-3)中のL3およびL4の少なくとも1つが重合性基を表す。
また、上記式(I)中、A1およびA2が示す炭素数6以上のシクロアルキレン環としては、例えば、シクロヘキサン環、および、シクロヘキセン環などが挙げられ、なかでも、シクロヘキサン環(例えば、シクロヘキサン-1,4-ジイル基など)が好ましい。
ラジカル重合性基の好適範囲は、上述の通りである。
R5が示す炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、および、n-ヘキシル基などが挙げられる。
Y1が示す炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基としては、例えば、フェニル基、2,6-ジエチルフェニル基、および、ナフチル基などのアリール基が挙げられる。
Y1が示す炭素数3~12の芳香族複素環基としては、例えば、チエニル基、チアゾリル基、フリル基、ピリジル基、および、ベンゾフリル基などのヘテロアリール基が挙げられる。なお、芳香族複素環基には、ベンゼン環と芳香族複素環とが縮合した基も含まれる。
また、Y1が有していてもよい置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、ニトロ基、アルキルスルホニル基、アルキルオキシカルボニル基、シアノ基、および、ハロゲン原子などが挙げられる。
アルキル基としては、例えば、炭素数1~18の直鎖状、分岐鎖状または環状のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~8のアルキル基(例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、および、シクロヘキシル基)がより好ましく、炭素数1~4のアルキル基がさらに好ましく、メチル基またはエチル基が特に好ましい。
アルコキシ基としては、例えば、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基が好ましく、炭素数1~8のアルコキシ基(例えば、メトキシ基、エトキシ基、n-ブトキシ基、および、メトキシエトキシ基)がより好ましく、炭素数1~4のアルコキシ基がさらに好ましく、メトキシ基またはエトキシ基が特に好ましい。
ハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、および、ヨウ素原子などが挙げられ、フッ素原子、または、塩素原子が好ましい。
炭素数1~20の1価の脂肪族炭化水素基としては、炭素数1~15のアルキル基が好ましく、炭素数1~8のアルキル基がより好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、イソプロピル基、tert-ペンチル基(1,1-ジメチルプロピル基)、tert-ブチル基、または、1,1-ジメチル-3,3-ジメチル-ブチル基がさらに好ましく、メチル基、エチル基、または、tert-ブチル基が特に好ましい。
炭素数3~20の1価の脂環式炭化水素基としては、例えば、シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、シクロオクチル基、シクロデシル基、メチルシクロヘキシル基、および、エチルシクロヘキシル基などの単環式飽和炭化水素基;シクロブテニル基、シクロペンテニル基、シクロヘキセニル基、シクロヘプテニル基、シクロオクテニル基、シクロデセニル基、シクロペンタジエニル基、シクロヘキサジエニル基、シクロオクタジエニル基、および、シクロデカジエン基などの単環式不飽和炭化水素基;ビシクロ[2.2.1]ヘプチル基、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクチル基、トリシクロ[5.2.1.02,6]デシル基、トリシクロ[3.3.1.13,7]デシル基、テトラシクロ[6.2.1.13,6.02,7]ドデシル基、および、アダマンチル基などの多環式飽和炭化水素基;が挙げられる。
炭素数6~20の1価の芳香族炭化水素基としては、例えば、フェニル基、2,6-ジエチルフェニル基、ナフチル基、および、ビフェニル基などが挙げられ、炭素数6~12のアリール基(特にフェニル基)が好ましい。
ハロゲン原子としては、例えば、フッ素原子、塩素原子、臭素原子、および、ヨウ素原子などが挙げられ、フッ素原子、塩素原子、または、臭素原子が好ましい。
一方、R6~R8が示す炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、および、n-ヘキシル基などが挙げられる。
R9が示す置換基としては、上記式(Ar-1)中のY1が有していてもよい置換基と同様のものが挙げられる。
また、Xが示す第14族~第16族の非金属原子としては、例えば、酸素原子、硫黄原子、置換基を有する窒素原子、および、置換基を有する炭素原子が挙げられ、置換基としては、上記式(Ar-1)中のY1が有していてもよい置換基と同様のものが挙げられる。
また、上記式(Ar-4)~(Ar-5)中、Ayは、水素原子、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、または、芳香族炭化水素環および芳香族複素環からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの芳香環を有する、炭素数2~30の有機基を表す。
ここで、AxおよびAyにおける芳香環は、置換基を有していてもよく、AxとAyとが結合して環を形成していてもよい。
また、Q3は、水素原子、または、置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。
AxおよびAyとしては、国際公開第2014/010325号パンフレットの段落[0039]~[0095]に記載されたものが挙げられる。
また、Q3が示す炭素数1~6のアルキル基としては、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、sec-ブチル基、tert-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、および、n-ヘキシル基などが挙げられ、置換基としては、上記式(Ar-1)中のY1が有していてもよい置換基と同様のものが挙げられる。
なお、組成物中の全固形分には、溶媒は含まれない。
赤外線吸収色素としては、赤外線(特に、波長700~900mの光)を吸収する色素であれば特に制限されない。なかでも、赤外線吸収色素は二色性色素であることが好ましい。なお、二色性色素とは、分子の長軸方向における吸光度と、短軸方向における吸光度とが異なる性質を有する色素をいう。
赤外線吸収色素としては、ジケトピロロピロール系色素、ジインモニウム系色素、フタロシアニン系色素、ナフタロシアニン系色素、アゾ系色素、ポリメチン系色素、アントラキノン系色素、ピリリウム系色素、スクアリリウム系色素、トリフェニルメタン系色素、シアニン系色素、および、アミニウム系色素などが挙げられる。
赤外線吸収色素は1種単独で用いてもよいし、2種類以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
メソゲン基とは、剛直かつ配向性を有する官能基である。メソゲン基の構造としては、例えば、芳香環基(芳香族炭化水素環基および芳香族複素環基)および脂環基からなる群から選択される基が、複数個、直接または連結基(例えば、-CO-、-O-、-NR-(Rは、水素原子、または、アルキル基を表す)、または、これらを組み合わせた基)を介して連なった構造が挙げられる。
上記吸光度の積算値とは、X~Ynmにおけるそれぞれの波長における吸光度を合計した値である。
上記測定は、分光光度計(MPC-3100(SHIMADZU製))を用いて実施できる。
式(1)で表される構造を有する化合物は、可視光線領域の吸収が少なく、得られる光学異方性膜の着色がより抑制される。また、この化合物はメソゲン基を有する基を含むことから、液晶化合物と共に配向しやすい。その際、化合物の中心にある窒素原子を含む縮合環部分から横方向に延びる形でメソゲン基を有する基が配置されているため、形成される光学異方性膜の遅相軸に対して、上記縮合環部分が直交する方向に配列しやすい。つまり、光学異方性膜の遅相軸に直交する方向に、縮合環部分に由来する赤外線領域(特に、波長700~900nm)における吸収が得られやすく、所望の特性を示す光学異方性膜が得られやすい。
置換基としては、例えば、アルキル基、アルケニル基、アルキニル基、アリール基、アミノ基、アルコキシ基、アリールオキシ基、芳香族ヘテロ環オキシ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アリールオキシカルボニル基、アシルオキシ基、アシルアミノ基、アルコキシカルボニルアミノ基、アリールオキシカルボニルアミノ基、スルホニルアミノ基、スルファモイル基、カルバモイル基、アルキルチオ基、アリールチオ基、芳香族ヘテロ環チオ基、スルホニル基、スルフィニル基、ウレイド基、リン酸アミド基、ヒドロキシ基、メルカプト基、ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、スルホ基、カルボキシル基、ニトロ基、ヒドロキサム酸基、スルフィノ基、ヒドラジノ基、イミノ基、ヘテロ環基、および、シリル基などが挙げられる。
これら電子吸引性基はさらに置換されていてもよい。
ハメットの置換基定数σ値について説明する。ハメット則は、ベンゼン誘導体の反応または平衡に及ぼす置換基の影響を定量的に論ずるために1935年L.P.Hammettにより提唱された経験則であるが、これは今日広く妥当性が認められている。ハメット則に求められた置換基定数にはσp値とσm値があり、これらの値は多くの一般的な成書に見出すことができる。例えば、J.A.Dean編、「Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry」第12版,1979年(Mc Graw-Hill)や「化学の領域」増刊,122号,96~103頁,1979年(南光堂)、Chem.Rev.,1991年,91巻,165~195ページなどに詳しい。本発明において電子吸引性基としては、ハメットの置換基定数σp値が0.20以上の置換基が好ましい。σp値としては、0.25以上が好ましく、0.30以上がより好ましく、0.35以上がさらに好ましい。上限は特に制限はないが、0.80以下が好ましい。
具体例としては、シアノ基(0.66)、カルボキシル基(-COOH:0.45)、アルコキシカルボニル基(-COOMe:0.45)、アリールオキシカルボニル基(-COOPh:0.44)、カルバモイル基(-CONH2:0.36)、アルキルカルボニル基(-COMe:0.50)、アリールカルボニル基(-COPh:0.43)、アルキルスルホニル基(-SO2Me:0.72)、および、アリールスルホニル基(-SO2Ph:0.68)が挙げられる。
本明細書において、Meはメチル基を、Phはフェニル基を表す。なお、括弧内の値は代表的な置換基のσp値をChem.Rev.,1991年,91巻,165~195ページから抜粋したものである。
R11およびR12が結合して形成される環としては、1,3-ジカルボニル核、ピラゾリノン核、2,4,6-トリケトヘキサヒドロピリミジン核(チオケトン体も含む)、2-チオ-2,4-チアゾリジンジオン核、2-チオ-2,4-オキサゾリジンジオン核、2-チオ-2,5-チアゾリジンジオン核、2,4-チアゾリジンジオン核、2,4-イミダゾリジンジオン核、2-チオ-2,4-イミダゾリジンジオン核、2-イミダゾリン-5-オン核、3,5-ピラゾリジンジオン核、ベンゾチオフェン-3-オン核、またはインダノン核が好ましい。
R13で表される置換ホウ素の置換基は、R11およびR12について上述した置換基と同義であり、アルキル基、アリール基、または、ヘテロアリール基が好ましい。
また、R13で表される金属原子は、遷移金属原子、マグネシウム原子、アルミニウム原子、カルシウム原子、バリウム原子、亜鉛原子、または、スズ原子が好ましく、アルミニウム原子、亜鉛原子、スズ原子、バナジウム原子、鉄原子、コバルト原子、ニッケル原子、銅原子、パラジウム原子、イリジウム原子、または、白金原子がより好ましい。
R14は、式(2)で表される基であることが好ましい。*は、結合位置を表す。
式(2) *-M1-(X1-M2)n-X2-P
M1は、置換または無置換のアリーレン基、または、置換または無置換のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。アリーレン基としては、フェニレン基が挙げられる。
X1およびX2は、それぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-CO-、-CH2-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-NR0-、または、これらの組み合わせ(例えば、-O-CO-、および、-CH2-CH2-)を表す。R0は、水素原子または炭素数1~5のアルキル基を表す。
M2は、置換または無置換のアリーレン基、置換または無置換のヘテロアリーレン基、または、置換または無置換のシクロアルキレン基を表す。
nは1~5を表す。なかでも、2~4が好ましい。
Pは、水素原子、または、重合性基を表す。重合性基の定義は、上述した液晶化合物が有していてもよい重合性基の定義と同義である。
R22は、それぞれ独立に、シアノ基、アシル基、アルコキシカルボニル基、アルキルスルフィニル基、アリールスルフィニル基、または、含窒素ヘテロアリール基を表す。
R15およびR16は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基、または、ヘテロアリール基を表し、R15およびR16は結合して環を形成してよい。形成される環としては、炭素数5~10の脂環、炭素数6~10のアリール環、または、炭素数3~10のヘテロアリール環が挙げられる。
R17およびR18は、それぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アリール基、または、ヘテロアリール基を表す。
Xは、それぞれ独立に、酸素原子、硫黄原子、-NR-、-CRR’-、-CH=CH-を表し、RおよびR’は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、アルキル基、または、アリール基を表す。
上記組成物は、上述した液晶化合物および赤外線吸収色素以外の成分を含んでいてもよい。
組成物は、重合開始剤を含んでいてもよい。使用される重合開始剤は、重合反応の形式に応じて選択され、例えば、熱重合開始剤、および、光重合開始剤が挙げられる。例えば、光重合開始剤としては、α-カルボニル化合物、アシロインエーテル、α-炭化水素置換芳香族アシロイン化合物、多核キノン化合物、および、トリアリールイミダゾールダイマーとp-アミノフェニルケトンとの組み合わせなどが挙げられる。
組成物中における重合開始剤の含有量は、組成物の全固形分に対して、0.01~20質量%が好ましく、0.5~10質量%がより好ましい。
重合性モノマーとしては、ラジカル重合性またはカチオン重合性の化合物が挙げられる。なかでも、多官能性ラジカル重合性モノマーが好ましい。また、重合性モノマーとしては、上記の重合性基を有する液晶化合物と共重合性のモノマーが好ましい。例えば、特開2002-296423号公報中の段落[0018]~[0020]に記載の重合性モノマーが挙げられる。
組成物中における重合性モノマーの含有量は、液晶化合物の全質量に対して、1~50質量%が好ましく、2~30質量%がより好ましい。
界面活性剤としては、従来公知の化合物が挙げられるが、フッ素系化合物が好ましい。例えば、特開2001-330725号公報中の段落[0028]~[0056]に記載の化合物、および、特願2003-295212号明細書中の段落[0069]~[0126]に記載の化合物が挙げられる。
さらに、組成物は、上記成分以外に、密着改良剤、可塑剤、および、ポリマーを含んでいてもよい。
本発明の光学異方性膜の製造方法は特に制限されず、公知の方法が挙げられる。
なかでも、面内レタデーションの制御がしやすい点から、重合性基を有する液晶化合物(以後、単に「重合性液晶化合物」とも称する)および赤外線吸収色素を含む組成物を塗布して塗膜を形成し、塗膜に配向処理を施して重合性液晶化合物を配向させ、得られた塗膜に対して硬化処理(紫外線の照射(光照射処理)または加熱処理)を施して、光学異方性膜を形成する方法が好ましい。
以下、上記方法の手順について詳述する。
使用される組成物は、重合性液晶化合物を含む。重合性液晶化合物の定義は、上述した通りである。
支持体(仮支持体)としては、プラスチックフィルムの他、ガラス基板を用いてもよい。プラスチックフィルムを構成する材料としては、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)などのポリエステル樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、セルロース誘導体、シリコーン樹脂、および、ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)などが挙げられる。
支持体の厚みは、5~1000μm程度であればよく、10~250μmが好ましく、15~90μmがより好ましい。
配向層は、一般的には、ポリマーを主成分とする。配向層用ポリマーとしては、多数の文献に記載があり、多数の市販品を入手できる。配向層用ポリマーとしては、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリイミド、または、その誘導体が好ましい。
なお、配向層には、公知のラビング処理が施されることが好ましい。
配向層の厚みは、0.01~10μmが好ましく、0.01~1μmがより好ましい。
配向処理は、室温により塗膜を乾燥させる、または、塗膜を加熱することにより行うことができる。配向処理で形成される液晶相は、サーモトロピック性液晶化合物の場合、一般に温度または圧力の変化により転移させることができる。リオトロピック性液晶化合物の場合には、溶媒量などの組成比によっても転移させることができる。
なお、塗膜を加熱する場合の条件は特に制限されないが、加熱温度としては50~250℃が好ましく、50~150℃がより好ましく、加熱時間としては10秒間~10分間が好ましい。
また、塗膜を加熱した後、後述する硬化処理(光照射処理)の前に、必要に応じて、塗膜を冷却してもよい。冷却温度としては20~200℃が好ましく、30~150℃がより好ましい。
なお、上述した塗膜の加熱温度と、上述した塗膜の冷却温度との差は特に制限されないが、40℃以上が好ましい。上限は特に制限されないが、150℃以下が挙げられる。
なかでも、硬化処理を施す前に、塗膜を加熱して冷却する際には、塗膜の加熱温度TAが50~250℃であり、かつ、冷却温度TBが加熱温度TA×0.4~加熱温度TA×0.7の範囲であることが好ましい。
重合性液晶化合物が配向された塗膜に対して実施される硬化処理の方法は特に制限されず、例えば、光照射処理および加熱処理が挙げられる。なかでも、製造適性の点から、光照射処理が好ましく、紫外線照射処理がより好ましい。
光照射処理の照射条件は特に制限されないが、50~1000mJ/cm2の照射量が好ましい。
例えば、支持体上に組成物を塗布して塗膜を形成した後の液晶化合物を配向させる際の加熱温度、および、加熱した後に冷却する際の冷却温度を調整することにより、赤外線吸収色素の配置状態などを調整でき、結果として光学異方性膜の光学特性を調整できる。
上述した光学異方性膜は、種々の用途に適用でき、例えば、光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを調整して、いわゆるλ/4板またはλ/2板として用いることもできる。
なお、λ/4板とは、ある特定の波長の直線偏光を円偏光に(または、円偏光を直線偏光に)変換する機能を有する板である。より具体的には、所定の波長λnmにおける面内レタデーションReがλ/4(または、この奇数倍)を示す板である。
λ/4板の波長550nmでの面内レタデーション(Re(550))は、理想値(137.5nm)を中心として、25nm程度の誤差があってもよく、例えば、110~160nmであることが好ましく、120~150nmであることがより好ましい。
また、λ/2板とは、特定の波長λnmにおける面内レタデーションRe(λ)がRe(λ)≒λ/2を満たす光学異方性膜のことをいう。この式は、可視光線領域のいずれかの波長(例えば、550nm)において達成されていればよい。なかでも、波長550nmにおける面内レタデーションRe(550)が、以下の関係を満たすことが好ましい。
210nm≦Re(550)≦300nm
なかでも、光学フィルムの好ましい態様として、光学異方性膜と偏光子とを含む円偏光板が挙げられる。この円偏光板は、上記反射防止膜として好適に使用できる。つまり、表示素子(例えば、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示素子)と、表示素子上に配置された円偏光板とを有する表示装置においては、反射色味がより抑制できる。
また、本発明の光学異方性膜は、IPS(In Plane Switching)型液晶表示装置の光学補償フィルムに好適に用いられ、斜め方向から視認した時の色味変化および黒表示時の光漏れを改善できる。
偏光子は、光を特定の直線偏光に変換する機能を有する部材(直線偏光子)であればよく、主に、吸収型偏光子を利用できる。
吸収型偏光子としては、ヨウ素系偏光子、二色性染料を利用した染料系偏光子、およびポリエン系偏光子などが挙げられる。ヨウ素系偏光子および染料系偏光子には、塗布型偏光子と延伸型偏光子とがあり、いずれも適用できるが、ポリビニルアルコールにヨウ素または二色性染料を吸着させ、延伸して作製される偏光子が好ましい。
偏光子の吸収軸と光学異方性膜の遅相軸との関係は特に制限されないが、光学異方性膜がλ/4板であり、光学フィルムが円偏光フィルムとして用いられる場合は、偏光子の吸収軸と光学異方性膜の遅相軸とのなす角は、45°±10°が好ましい。
以下のスキームに従い、赤外線吸収色素IR-1を合成した。
赤外線吸収色素IR-1の極大吸収波長は780nmであり、赤外線吸収色素IR-2の極大吸収波長は780nmであった。
赤外線吸収色素IR-1の波長700~900nmの吸光度の積算値は、赤外線吸収色素IR-1の波長400~700nmの吸光度の積算値よりも大きかった。
赤外線吸収色素IR-2の波長700~900nmの吸光度の積算値は、赤外線吸収色素IR-2の波長400~700nmの吸光度の積算値よりも大きかった。
セルロースアシレートフィルムT1(「TD40UL」(富士フイルム株式会社製)を、温度60℃の誘電式加熱ロールを通過させ、フィルム表面温度を40℃に昇温した。その後、フィルムの片面に下記に示す組成のアルカリ溶液を、バーコーターを用いて塗布量14ml/m2で塗布し、フィルムを110℃に加熱した。次に、(株)ノリタケカンパニーリミテド製のスチーム式遠赤外ヒーターの下に、得られたフィルムを10秒間搬送した。次に、同じくバーコーターを用いて、フィルムの表面に純水を3ml/m2塗布した。次に、得られたフィルムに対して、ファウンテンコーターによる水洗とエアナイフによる水切りとを3回繰り返した後に、フィルムを70℃の乾燥ゾーンに10秒間搬送して乾燥し、アルカリ鹸化処理したセルロースアシレートフィルムを作製して支持体とした。
水酸化カリウム 4.7質量部
水 15.8質量部
イソプロパノール 63.7質量部
界面活性剤(C14H29O(CH2CH2O)20H) 1.0質量部
プロピレングリコール 14.8質量部
下記変性ポリビニルアルコール 10.0質量部
水 371.0質量部
メタノール 119.0質量部
グルタルアルデヒド 0.5質量部
重合開始剤(イルガキュア2959、BASF社製) 0.3質量部
下記液晶化合物L-1 60質量部
下記液晶化合物L-2 40質量部
赤外線吸収色素IR-1 20質量部
光重合開始剤1(イルガキュアOXE01、BASF社製) 3.0質量部
光重合開始剤2(イルガキュア184、BASF社製) 3.0質量部
下記含フッ素化合物F-1 0.2質量部
シクロペンタノン 227.1質量部
得られた光学異方性膜の光学特性をAxoScan OPMF-1(オプトサイエンス社製)を用いて、測定したところ、Re(550)が140nm、Re(450)/Re(550)が0.82、Re(650)/Re(550)が1.10であった。
また、赤外線用偏光子を備えた分光光度計(MPC-3100(SHIMADZU製))を用いて、赤外線領域での吸収を確認したところ、波長700~900nmにおいて、光学異方性膜の進相軸と平行な方向での吸収が、遅相軸と平行な方向での吸収よりも大きいことが確認された。
また、赤外線吸収色素IR-1の極大吸収波長における光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0は、-0.25であった。
赤外線吸収色素IR-1の使用量を20質量部から40質量部に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の手順に従って、光学異方性膜を得た。
得られた光学異方性膜の光学特性をAxoScan OPMF-1(オプトサイエンス社製)を用いて、測定したところ、Re(550)が143nm、Re(450)/Re(550)が0.83、Re(650)/Re(550)が1.13であった。
また、赤外線用偏光子を備えた分光光度計(MPC-3100(SHIMADZU製))を用いて、赤外線領域での吸収を確認したところ、波長700~900nmにおいて、光学異方性膜の進相軸と平行な方向での吸収が、遅相軸と平行な方向での吸収よりも大きいことが確認された。
また、赤外線吸収色素IR-1の極大吸収波長における光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0は、-0.20であった。
赤外線吸収色素IR-1をIR-2に変えた以外は、実施例1と同様の手順に従って、光学異方性膜を得た。
得られた光学異方性膜の光学特性をAxoScan OPMF-1(オプトサイエンス社製)を用いて、測定したところ、Re(550)が143nm、Re(450)/Re(550)が0.82、Re(650)/Re(550)が1.10であった。
また、赤外線用偏光子を備えた分光光度計(MPC-3100(SHIMADZU製))を用いて、赤外線領域での吸収を確認したところ、波長700~900nmにおいて、光学異方性膜の進相軸と平行な方向での吸収が、遅相軸と平行な方向での吸収よりも大きいことが確認された。
また、赤外線吸収色素IR-1の極大吸収波長における光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0は、-0.20であった。
赤外線吸収色素IR-1を使用しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様の手順に従って、光学異方性膜を得た。
得られた光学異方性膜の光学特性をAxoScan OPMF-1(オプトサイエンス社製)を用いて、測定したところ、Re(550)が140nm、Re(450)/Re(550)が0.82、Re(650)/Re(550)が1.04であった。
また、偏光子を装着した分光光度計(MPC-3100(SHIMADZU製))を用いて、赤外線領域での吸収を確認したところ、波長700~900nmにおいて、光学異方性膜の進相軸と平行な方向での吸収と、遅相軸と平行な方向での吸収とは同じであった。
洗浄したガラス基板上に、ポリイミド配向膜SE-130(日産化学社製)をスピンコート法により塗布した。塗布膜を乾燥後、塗布膜を250℃で1時間焼結した後、塗布膜にラビング処理を施し、配向層を形成した。
下記液晶化合物L-3 100質量部
赤外線吸収色素IR-3 10質量部
光重合開始剤S-1 2.0質量部
上記含フッ素化合物F-1 1.0質量部
クロロホルム 571.8質量部
その後に、酸素濃度が1.0体積%以下の雰囲気になるように窒素パージし、高圧水銀ランプを用い照射量500mJ/cm2の紫外線を塗膜に照射し、光学異方性膜を作製した。
得られた光学異方性膜の光学特性をAxoScan OPMF-1(オプトサイエンス社製)を用いて、測定したところ、Re(550)が140nm、Re(450)/Re(550)が0.78、Re(650)/Re(550)が1.25であった。
また、赤外線用偏光子を備えた分光光度計(MPC-3100(SHIMADZU製))を用いて、赤外線領域での吸収を確認したところ、波長700~900nmにおいて、
光学異方性膜の進相軸と平行な方向での吸収が、遅相軸と平行な方向での吸収よりも大きいことが確認された。
また、赤外線吸収色素IR-3の極大吸収波長における光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0は、-0.25であった。
使用する液晶化合物の種類および使用量、赤外線吸収色素の種類および使用量、光重合開始剤S-1の使用量、含フッ素化合物F-1の使用量、並びに、塗膜形成の際の加熱条件および冷却条件を表1のように変更した以外は、実施例4と同様の手順に従って、光学異方性膜を作製した。
各実施例および比較例で得られた光学異方性膜のRe(550)、Re(450)/Re(550)、Re(650)/Re(550)、および、配向秩序度S0を表1にまとめて示す。
なお、実施例5~8において得られた光学異方性膜に関して、赤外線用偏光子を備えた分光光度計(MPC-3100(SHIMADZU製))を用いて、赤外線領域での吸収を確認したところ、波長700~900nmにおいて、光学異方性膜の進相軸と平行な方向での吸収が、遅相軸と平行な方向での吸収よりも大きいことが確認された。
赤外線吸収色素IR-3の極大吸収波長は785nmであり、赤外線吸収色素IR-4の極大吸収波長は800nmであった。
赤外線吸収色素IR-3の波長700~900nmの吸光度の積算値は、赤外線吸収色素IR-1の波長400~700nmの吸光度の積算値よりも大きかった。
赤外線吸収色素IR-4の波長700~900nmの吸光度の積算値は、赤外線吸収色素IR-2の波長400~700nmの吸光度の積算値よりも大きかった。
厚さ80μmのポリビニルアルコールフィルムを、ヨウ素濃度0.05質量%のヨウ素水溶液中に30℃で60秒間浸漬して染色した。次いで、得られたフィルムをホウ酸水溶液(ホウ酸濃度:4質量%)中に60秒間浸漬している間に元の長さの5倍に縦延伸した後、縦延伸されたフィルムを50℃で4分間乾燥させて、厚さ20μmの偏光子を得た。
その後、0.005モル/リットルで35℃の希硫酸水溶液に得られたフィルムを1分間浸漬した後、得られたフィルムを水に浸漬して、フィルム上の希硫酸水溶液を十分に洗い流した。その後、洗浄されたフィルムを120℃で乾燥させ、偏光子保護フィルムを作製した。
このとき、各偏光板の光学異方性層側をGalaxyS4側となるようにした。
評価としては、評価用有機EL表示装置を白表示にした時の380~780nm波長領域の最大光量を、評価有機EL表示装置の法線方向から測定した。なお、評価は、赤外線吸収色素を添加しない系(比較例2)の最大光量を100%とした相対値で行った。この数値が大きいと、輝度に優れる。結果を表1にまとめて示す。
測色計(コニカミノルタ製、CM-2022)を用いて、SCE(Specular component excluded)モードで測定し、得られたY値を、下記の基準で評価した。
A:Y値が0.23以下である場合
B:Y値が0.23超0.27以下である場合
C:Y値が0.27超である場合
また、「赤外線吸収色素(質量部)」欄は、使用された赤外線吸収色素の種類およびその使用量(質量部)を表す。例えば、実施例4では、赤外線吸収色素IR-3を10質量部用いたことを表す。
また、「塗膜形成条件」欄は、配向層上に光学異方性膜用記塗布液をスピンコート法により塗布して塗膜を形成し、その塗膜を加熱して冷却する際の、加熱温度および冷却温度をそれぞれ示す。
また、比較例2の配向秩序度の評価「-」は、赤外線領域に吸収がないため、測定ができなかったことを表す。
なかでも、実施例5と他の実施例との比較から、配向秩序度S0が、式(B):-0.50<S0<-0.15の関係を満たす場合、より効果が優れていた。
Claims (8)
- 液晶化合物および赤外線吸収色素を含む組成物から形成された光学異方性膜であって、
前記光学異方性膜は式(A)の関係を満たし、
前記光学異方性膜の進相軸の方向での波長700~900nmにおける吸収が、前記光学異方性膜の遅相軸の方向での波長700~900nmにおける吸収よりも大きい、光学異方性膜。
式(A) Re(450)/Re(550)<1
Re(450)は波長450nmにおける前記光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを表し、Re(550)は波長550nmにおける前記光学異方性膜の面内レタデーションを表す。 - 前記赤外線吸収色素の波長700~900nmでの極大吸収波長における前記光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0が、式(B)の関係を満たす、請求項1に記載の光学異方性膜。
式(B) -0.50<S0<-0.15 - 液晶化合物および赤外線吸収色素を含む組成物から形成された光学異方性膜であって、
前記赤外線吸収色素の波長700~900nmでの極大吸収波長における前記光学異方性膜の配向秩序度S0が、式(B)の関係を満たし、
前記光学異方性膜の進相軸の方向での波長700~900nmにおける吸収が、前記光学異方性膜の遅相軸の方向での波長700~900nmにおける吸収よりも大きい、光学異方性膜。
式(B) -0.50<S0<-0.15 - 前記赤外線吸収色素の波長700~900nmの吸光度の積算値が、前記赤外線吸収色素の波長400~700nmの吸光度の積算値よりも大きい、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の光学異方性膜。
- 波長550nmにおける面内レタデーションが110~160nmである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の光学異方性膜。
- 請求項6に記載の光学異方性膜と、偏光子とを有する、円偏光板。
- 表示素子と、前記表示素子上に配置された請求項7に記載の円偏光板とを有する、表示装置。
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