Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/12—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
  • A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/4545—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a six-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pipamperone, anabasine
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D205/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D205/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
  • C07D205/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D205/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D205/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
  • C07D207/263—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
  • C07D207/267—2-Pyrrolidones with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to other ring carbon atoms with only hydrogen atoms or radicals containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/38—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D211/44—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D211/44—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4
  • C07D211/46—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4 having a hydrogen atom as the second substituent in position 4
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D211/68—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
  • C07D211/72—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D211/74—Oxygen atoms
  • C07D211/76—Oxygen atoms attached in position 2 or 6
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
  • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
  • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
  • C07D213/84—Nitriles
  • C07D213/85—Nitriles in position 3
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
  • C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
  • C07D295/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms
  • C07D295/084—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
  • C07D295/088—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
  • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C07D451/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof
  • C07D451/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof
  • C07D451/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane, 9-azabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane, or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane or granatane alkaloids, scopolamine; Cyclic acetals thereof containing not further condensed 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring systems, e.g. tropane; Cyclic acetals thereof with hetero atoms directly attached in position 3 of the 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane or in position 7 of the 3-oxa-9-azatricyclo [3.3.1.0<2,4>] nonane ring system
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  • C07D471/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00
  • C07D471/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with one nitrogen atom, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D463/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D471/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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  • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
  • C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
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Definitions

• PD-1 Programmed cell death protein -1
• CD28 CD28 superfamily that delivers negative signals upon interaction with its two ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2.
• PD-1 and its ligands are broadly expressed and exert a wide range of immunoregulatory roles in T cell activation and tolerance.
• PD-1 and its ligands are involved in attenuating infectious immunity and tumor immunity, and facilitating chronic infection and tumor progression.
• Modulation of the PD-1 pathway has therapeutic potential in various human diseases (Hyun-Tak Jin et al., Curr Top Microbiol Immunol . (2011); 350: 17-37). Blockade of the PD-1 pathway has become an attractive target in cancer therapy. Therapeutic antibodies that block the programmed cell death protein -1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint pathway prevent T-cell down regulation and promote immune responses against cancer. Several PD-1 pathway inhibitors have shown robust activity in various phases of clinical trials (RD Harvey, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (2014); 96(2), 214-223).
• PD-1 programmed cell death protein -1
• agents that block the interaction of PD-L1 with either PD-1 or CD80 are desired.
• Some antibodies have been developed and commercialized (FDA approved anti-PD-1 antibodies: Pembrolizumab & Nivolumab; FDA approved anti-PD-Ll antibodies: Atezolizumab, Avelumab & Durvalumab).
• R la , R l , R lc , R ld , R 2a , R 2 , R 2c , R 3 , R 4 - R 5 , R 6a , R 6 , m, n, L and Z are as defined herein.
• the present disclosure further provides pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of these compounds, as well as methods associated with preparation and use of such compounds.
• the compounds are used in therapeutic methods to treat diseases associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway.
• the terms “about” and “approximately” may mean values that are within an order of magnitude, preferably within 5 -fold and more preferably within 2-fold of a given value. Numerical quantities given herein are approximate unless stated otherwise, meaning that the term “about” or “approximately” can be inferred when not expressly stated.
• alkyl by itself or as part of another substituent, means, unless otherwise stated, a straight or branched chain hydrocarbon group, having the number of carbon atoms designated (i. e. Ci- 8 means one to eight carbons).
• alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n- octyl, and the like.
• alkenyl refers to an unsaturated alkyl group having one or more double bonds.
• alkynyl refers to an unsaturated alkyl group having one or more triple bonds.
• alkenyl groups include vinyl, 2-propenyl, crotyl, 2-isopentenyl, 2-(butadienyl), 2,4-pentadienyl and 3-(l,4-pentadienyl).
• alkynyl groups include ethynyl, 1 - and 3-propynyl, 3-butynyl, and the higher homologs and isomers.
• cycloalkyl refers to hydrocarbon rings having the indicated number of ring atoms (e.g. , C3-
• Cycloalkyl is also meant to refer to bicyclic and poly cyclic hydrocarbon rings such as, for example, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, etc.
• the bicyclic or polycyclic rings may be fused, bridged, spiro or a combination thereof.
• heterocycloalkyl or
• heterocyclyl refers to a cycloalkyl group that contain from one to five heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen atom(s) are optionally quaternized.
• the heterocycloalkyl may be a monocyclic, a bicyclic or a polycylic ring system.
• the bicyclic or polycyclic rings may be fused, bridged, spiro or a combination thereof. It is understood that the recitation for C4-12 heterocyclyl, refers to a group having from 4 to 12 ring members where at least one of the ring members is a heteroatom.
• heterocycloalkyl groups include pyrrolidine, imidazolidine, pyrazolidine, butyrolactam, valerolactam, imidazolidinone, tetrazolone, hydantoin, dioxolane, phthalimide, piperidine, 1,4-dioxane, morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine-S-oxide, thiomorpholine-S,S-oxide, piperazine, pyran, pyridone, 3-pyrroline, thiopyran, pyrone, tetrahydrofuran, tetrhydrothiophene, quinuclidine, and the like.
• a heterocycloalkyl group can be attached to the remainder of the molecule through a ring carbon or a heteroatom.
• alkylene by itself or as part of another substituent means a divalent group derived from an alkane, as exemplified by -CH2CH2CH2CH2-. Typically, an alkyl (or alkylene) group will have from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, with those groups having 8 or fewer carbon atoms being preferred in the present disclosure. Similarly, “alkenylene” and “alkynylene” refer to the unsaturated forms of "alkylene” having double or triple bonds, respectively.
• heteroalkyl by itself or in combination with another term, means, unless otherwise stated, a stable straight or branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon group, or
• heteroatoms consisting of the stated number of carbon atoms and from one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized.
• the heteroatom(s) O, N and S may be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group.
• the heteroatom Si may be placed at any position of the heteroalkyl group, including the position at which the alkyl group is attached to the remainder of the molecule.
• Up to two heteroatoms may be consecutive, such as, for example, -CH2-NH-OCH3 and -CH 2 -0-Si(CH 3 ) 3 .
• heteroalkenyl and “heteroalkynyl” by itself or in combination with another term, means, unless otherwise stated, an alkenyl group or alkynyl group, respectively, that contains the stated number of carbons and having from one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, Si and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms may optionally be oxidized and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quaternized.
• the heteroatom(s) O, N and S may be placed at any interior position of the heteroalkyl group.
• heteroalkylene by itself or as part of another substituent means a divalent group, saturated or unsaturated or polyunsaturated, derived from heteroalkyl, as exemplified by - CH2-CH2-S-CH2CH2- and -CH2-S-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-
• heteroatoms can also occupy either or both of the chain termini (e.g., alkyleneoxy,
• alkylenedioxy alkyleneamino, alkylenediamino, and the like.
• alkoxy alkylamino and “alkylthio” (or thioalkoxy) are used in their conventional sense, and refer to those alkyl groups attached to the remainder of the molecule via an oxygen atom, an amino group, or a sulfur atom, respectively. Additionally, for dialkylamino groups, the alkyl portions can be the same or different and can also be combined to form a 3-7 membered ring with the nitrogen atom to which each is attached. Accordingly, a group represented as -NR a R is meant to include piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, azetidinyl and the like.
• halo or halogen
• substituents mean, unless otherwise stated, a fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine atom.
• terms such as “haloalkyl,” are meant to include monohaloalkyl and polyhaloalkyl.
• Ci-4 haloalkyl is mean to include trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 4-chlorobutyl, 3- bromopropyl, and the like.
• hydroxyalkyl or "alkyl-OH” refers to an alkyl group, as defined above, where at least one (and up to three) of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with a hydroxy group.
• alkyl group hydroxyalkyl groups can have any suitable number of carbon atoms, such as Ci-6.
• Exemplary hydroxyalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl (where the hydroxy is in the 1- or 2-position), hydroxypropyl (where the hydroxy is in the 1-, 2- or 3-position), and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl.
• C1-3 alkyl-guanidinyl refers to a C1-3 alkyl group, as defined above, where at least one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced with a guanidinyl group ( -NHC(NH)NH 2 ).
• aryl means, unless otherwise stated, a polyunsaturated, typically aromatic, hydrocarbon group which can be a single ring or multiple rings (up to three rings) which are fused together or linked covalently.
• heteroaryl refers to aryl groups (or rings) that contain from one to five heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, wherein the nitrogen and sulfur atoms are optionally oxidized, and the nitrogen atom(s) are optionally quaternized.
• a heteroaryl group can be attached to the remainder of the molecule through a heteroatom. It is understood that the recitation for C5-10 heteroaryl, refers to a heteroaryl moiety having from 5 to 10 ring members where at least one of the ring members is a heteroatom.
• Non-limiting examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl and biphenyl, while non-limiting examples of heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimindinyl, triazinyl, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalaziniyl, benzotriazinyl, purinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, isobenzofuryl, isoindolyl, indolizinyl, benzotriazinyl,
• Carbocyclic ring refers to cyclic moieties with only carbon atoms as ring vertices. Carbocyclic ring moieties are saturated or unsaturated and can be aromatic. Generally, carbocyclic moieties have from 3 to 10 ring members.
• Carbocylic moieties with multiple ring structure can include a cycloalkyl ring fused to an aromatic ring (e.g. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene).
• carbocyclic rings include cyclopentyl, cyclohexenyl, naphthyl, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl.
• heterocyclic ring refers to both "heterocycloalkyl” and “heteroaryl” moieties.
• heterocyclic rings are saturated or unsaturated and can be aromatic.
• heterocyclic rings are 4 to 10 ring members and include piperidinyl, tetrazinyl, pyrazolyl and indolyl.
• R', R" and R'" each independently refer to hydrogen, unsubstituted Ci- 8 alkyl, unsubstituted heteroalkyl, unsubstituted aryl, aryl substituted with 1 -3 halogens, unsubstituted Ci- 8 alkyl, Ci- 8 alkoxy or Ci- 8 thioalkoxy groups, or unsubstituted aryl-Ci-4 alkyl groups.
• R' and R" are attached to the same nitrogen atom, they can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a 3 -, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring.
• -NR'R is meant to include 1-pyrrolidinyl and 4- morpholinyl.
• substituents include each of the above aryl substituents attached to a ring atom by an alkylene tether of from 1-4 carbon atoms.
• Two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula -T-C(0)-(CH2) q -U-, wherein T and U are independently -NH-, -0-, -CH 2 - or a single bond, and q is an integer of from 0 to 2.
• two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula -A-(CH2) r -B-, wherein A and B are independently -CH 2 -, -0-, -NH-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(0) 2 -, -S(0) 2 NR'- or a single bond, and r is an integer of from 1 to 3.
• One of the single bonds of the new ring so formed may optionally be replaced with a double bond.
• two of the substituents on adjacent atoms of the aryl or heteroaryl ring may optionally be replaced with a substituent of the formula
• -(CH 2 )s-X-(CH 2 )r where s and t are independently integers of from 0 to 3, and X is -0-, - R'-, -S-, -S(O)-, -S(0) 2 -, or -S(0) 2 NR'-.
• the substituent R' in -NR'- and -S(0) 2 NR'- is selected from hydrogen or unsubstituted Ci-6 alkyl.
• the term "heteroatom” is meant to include oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and silicon (Si).
• the disclosure herein further relates to prodrugs and bioisosteres thereof.
• Suitable bioisosteres will include carboxylate replacements (phosphonic acids, phosphinic acids, sulfonic acids, sulfinic acids, and acidic heterocyclic groups such as tetrazoles).
• Suitable prodrugs will include those conventional groups known to hydrolyze and/or oxidize under physiological conditions to provide a compound of Formula I.
• the terms "patient” and “subject” include primates (especially humans), domesticated companion animals (such as dogs, cats, horses, and the like) and livestock (such as cattle, pigs, sheep, and the like).
• treating encompasses both disease-modifying treatment and symptomatic treatment, either of which may be prophylactic (i.e., before the onset of symptoms, in order to prevent, delay or reduce the severity of symptoms) or therapeutic (i.e., after the onset of symptoms, in order to reduce the severity and/or duration of symptoms).
• salts are meant to include salts of the active compounds which are prepared with relatively nontoxic acids or bases, depending on the particular substituents found on the compounds described herein.
• base addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired base, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent.
• salts derived from pharmaceutically- acceptable inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganic, manganous, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like.
• Salts derived from pharmaceutically-acceptable organic bases include salts of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, including substituted amines, cyclic amines, naturally-occuring amines and the like, such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibenzyl ethyl enediamine, diethylamine, 2- diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N- ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperadine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine and the like.
• acid addition salts can be obtained by contacting the neutral form of such compounds with a sufficient amount of the desired acid, either neat or in a suitable inert solvent.
• suitable inert solvent examples include those derived from inorganic acids like hydrochloric, hydrobromic, nitric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric,
• the neutral forms of the compounds may be regenerated by contacting the salt with a base or acid and isolating the parent compound in the conventional manner.
• the parent form of the compound differs from the various salt forms in certain physical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents, but otherwise the salts are equivalent to the parent form of the compound for the purposes of the present disclosure.
• Certain compounds of the present disclosure can exist in unsolvated forms as well as solvated forms, including hydrated forms. In general, the solvated forms are equivalent to unsolvated forms and are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure. Certain compounds of the present disclosure may exist in multiple crystalline or amorphous forms. In general, all physical forms are equivalent for the uses contemplated by the present disclosure and are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
• Certain compounds of the present invention possess asymmetric carbon atoms (optical centers) or double bonds; the racemates, diastereomers, geometric isomers, regioisomers and individual isomers (e.g., separate enantiomers) are all intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present invention.
• a stereochemical depiction it is meant to refer to the compound in which one of the isomers is present and substantially free of the other isomer.
• 'Substantially free of another isomer indicates at least an 80/20 ratio of the two isomers, more preferably 90/10, or 95/5 or more. In some embodiments, one of the isomers will be present in an amount of at least 99%.
• the compounds of the present disclosure may also contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms that constitute such compounds.
• the compounds may be radiolabeled with radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium ( 3 H), iodine-125 ( 125 I) or carbon-14 ( 14 C). All isotopic variations of the compounds of the present disclosure, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.
• the compounds may be prepared such that any number of hydrogen atoms are replaced with a deuterium ( 2 H) isotope.
• the compounds of the present disclosure may also contain unnatural proportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms that constitute such compounds.
• Unnatural proportions of an isotope may be defined as ranging from the amount found in nature to an amount consisting of 100% of the atom in question.
• the compounds may incorporate radioactive isotopes, such as for example tritium ( 3 H), iodine-125 ( 125 I) or carbon-14 ( 14 C), or non-radioactive isotopes, such as deuterium ( 2 H) or carbon-13 ( 13 C).
• radioactive isotopes such as for example tritium ( 3 H), iodine-125 ( 125 I) or carbon-14 ( 14 C), or non-radioactive isotopes, such as deuterium ( 2 H) or carbon-13 ( 13 C).
• isotopic variations can provide additional utilities to those described elsewhere within this application.
• isotopic variants of the compounds of the disclosure may find additional utility, including but not limited to, as diagnostic and/or imaging reagents, or as cytotoxic/radiotoxic therapeutic agents.
• isotopic variants of the compounds of the disclosure can have altered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics which can contribute to enhanced safety, tolerability or efficacy during treatment. All isotopic variations of the compounds of the present disclosure, whether radioactive or not, are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the present disclosure.
• the present disclosure rovides compounds having the formula (I)
• each of R la , R l , R lc and R ld is independently selected from the group consisting of H,
• halogen CF3, CN, C 1-4 alkyl and -0-Ci -4 alkyl, wherein the C 1-4 alkyl and -0-Ci -4 alkyl are optionally further substituted with halogen, hydroxyl, methoxy or ethoxy;
• L is a linking group selected from the group consisting of:
• each of the subscripts q is independently 1, 2, 3 or 4, and L is optionally further
• Z is selected from the group consisting of azetidinyl, pyrollidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, guanidinyl, quinuclidine, and 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, each of which is optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 groups independently selected from halogen, hydroxy, C1-3 alkyl, -NH 2 , -NHCi- 3 alkyl, -N(Ci-3alkyl) 2 , -O-C1-3 alkyl, C1-3 hydroxyalkyl, C1-3 haloalkyl and -CO2H;
• Z is selected from the group consisting of -C0 2 R a and -NR a R ; wherein R a is selected from the group consisting of H, Ci-8 alkyl, Ci-8 haloalkyl and Ci-8 hydroxyalkyl; and R is selected from -Ci-8 alkyl, Ci -8 haloalkyl, Ci -8 alkyl-COOH, Ci -8 alkyl-OH, Ci -8 alkyl-CONH 2 , Ci -8 alkyl-S0 2 NH 2 , Ci-8 alkyl-P0 3 H 2 , Ci- 8 alkyl-C(0)NHOH, -C(0)-Ci- 8 alkyl-OH, -C(0)-Ci- salkyl-COOH, C3-10 cycloalkyl, -C3-10 cycloalkyl-COOH, -C3-10 cycloalkyl-OH, C4-8 heterocyclyl, -C 4 -8 heterocyclyl-COOH, -C 4-
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of -NR g R h and C4-12 heterocyclyl, wherein the C4-12 heterocyclyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 6 R 3a ;
• each R 3a is independently selected from the group consisting of
• X 3 is Ci-6 alkylene and is optionally further substituted with OH, SO2NH2, CONH2, C(0)NHOH, PO3H2, COO-Ci- 8 alkyl or C0 2 H, wherein each R and R k is independently selected from hydrogen, C 1-8 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 2 substituents selected from OH, SO2NH2, CONH 2 , C(0)NHOH, PO3H2, COO-Ci -8 alkyl or
• each R 1 is independently selected from the group consisting of -OH, C 1-8 alkyl, C2- 8 alkenyl, and Ci -8 haloalkyl each of which may be optionally substituted with OH, SO2NH2, CONH2, C(0)NHOH, PO3H2, COO-Ci- 8 alkyl or C0 2 H;
• R g is selected from the group consisting of H, Ci- 8 haloalkyl and Ci- 8 alkyl;
• R h is selected from -Ci -8 alkyl, Ci -8 haloalkyl, Ci -8 hydroxyalkyl, Ci -8 alkyl-C02R', Ci -8 alkyl-
• Ci- 8 alkyl-CONHS0 2 R j , Ci -8 alkyl -S0 2 NR j R k , Ci -8 alkyl -PO3H2, Ci -8 alkyl- C(0)NHOH, Ci- 8 alkyl-NR 11 ⁇ 112 , -C(0)R j , C3-io cycloalkyl,-C3-io cycloalkyl-COOR j , -C3- 10 cycloalkyl-OR j , C 4 - 8 heterocyclyl, -C4-8 heterocyclyl-COOR>, -C 4-8 heterocyclyl-OR>, - Ci- 8 alkyl-C 4-8 heterocyclyl, -C( 0)OCi -8 alkyl -C4-8 heterocyclyl, -C 1-8 alkyl-C3-io cycloalkyl, C5-10 heteroaryl, -Ci-s
• R h combined with the N to which it is attached is a mono-, di- or tri-peptide comprising 1-3 natural amino acids and 0-2 non -natural amino acids, wherein
• the non-natural aminoacids have an alpha carbon substituent selected from the group consisting of C2-4 hydroxyalkyl, C 1-3 alkyl-guanidinyl, and C 1-4 alkyl -heteroaryl, the alpha carbon of each natural or non-natural amino acids are optionally further substituted with a methyl group, and
• the terminal moiety of the mono-, di-, or tri-peptide is selected from the group consisting of C(0)OH, C(0)0-Ci -6 alkyl, and P0 3 H 2 , wherein
• R hl and R m are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, Ci-6 alkyl, and C 1-4 hydroxyalkyl;
• Ci- 8 alkyl portions of R h are optionally further substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from OH, COOH, SO2NH2, CONH 2 , C(0)NHOH, COO-Ci- 8 alkyl, PO3H2 and C5-6 heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 2 C 1-3 alkyl substituents,
• the C5-10 heteroaryl and the C 6 -io aryl portions of R h are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from OH, B(OH) 2 , COOH, SO2NH2, CONH2, C(0)NHOH, PO3H2, COO-Ci- 8 alkyl, Ci -4 alkyl, Ci -4 alkyl-OH, Ci- 4 alkyl-S02NH 2 , Ci- 4alkyl-CONH 2 , Ci -4 alkyl-C(0)NHOH, Ci -4 alkyl- PO3H2, Ci -4 alkyl-COOH, and phenyl and the C4- 8 heterocyclyl and C3-10 cycloalkyl portions of R h are optionally substituted with 1 to 4 R w substituents;
• each R w substituent is independently selected from C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkyl-OH, C 1-4 alkyl-COOH, Ci-4 alkyl-S0 2 NH 2 , C alkyl CONH 2 , Ci -4 alkyl-C(0)NHOH, Ci -4 alkyl-P0 3 H, OH, COO-Ci- 8 alkyl, COOH, SO2NH2, CONH 2 , C(0)NHOH, PO3H2 and oxo;
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of 0-Ci -8 alkyl, 0-Ci -8 haloalkyl, C 6 -io aryl, C5-10
• heteroaryl -O-C 1-4 alkyl-C4-7 heterocycloalkyl, -O-C 1-4 alkyl-C6-ioaryl and -O-C 1-4 alkyl- C5-10 heteroaryl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 R 4a ;
• each R 4a is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -R m , -CO2R 11 ,
• each X 4 is a Ci-6 alkylene; each R n and R p is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci -8 alkyl, and Ci- 8 haloalkyl, or when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members selected from N, O or S, and optionally substituted with oxo; each R m is independently selected from the group consisting of Ci -8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, and Ci -8 haloalkyl; and optionally when two R 4a substituents are on adjacent atoms, they are combined to form a fused five or six-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted with oxo;
• n 0, 1, 2 or 3;
• each R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, -CN, -R q , -C0 2 R r ,
• each X 5 is a C alkylene; each R r and R s is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci -8 alkyl, and Ci -8 haloalkyl, or when attached to the same nitrogen atom
• R 6a is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-4 alkyl and C 1-4 haloalkyl; m is O, 1 , 2, 3 or 4; each R 6 is independently selected from the group consisting of F, C1-4 alkyl, 0-R u , C1-4
• each R u and R v is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci -8 alkyl, and Ci- 8 haloalkyl, or when attached to the same nitrogen atom can be combined with the nitrogen atom to form a five or six-membered ring having from 0 to 2 additional heteroatoms as ring members selected from N, O or S, and optionally substituted with oxo.
• the present disclosure provides compounds having formula (la) or lb):
• each of R 2a , R 2 and R 2c is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, CN, C 1-4 alkyl, and C 1-4 haloalkyl.
• R 2 and R 2c are both H and R 2a is selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1-4 alkyl, C 2 - 4 alkenyl, C1-3 haloalkyl, -CN, -OMe and OEt.
• R 2 and R 2c are both H and R 2a is halogen.
• R 2 and R 2c are both H and R 2a is CI.
• R 3 is NR g R h . In some embodiments, R 3 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 3 is -NR g R h , and is selected from the group consisting of
• R 3 is -NR g R h , and R h combined with the N to which it is attached is a mono-, di- or tri -peptide comprising 1-3 natural amino acids and 0-2 non-natural amino acids, wherein
• the non-natural aminoacids have an alpha carbon substituent selected from the group consisting of C2-4 hydroxyalkyl, C1-3 alkyl-guanidinyl, and C1-4 alkly-heteroaryl, the alpha carbon of each natural or non-natural amino acids are optionally further substituted with a methyl group, and
• the terminal moiety of the mono-, di-, or tri-peptide is selected from the group consisting of C(0)OH, C(0)0-Ci -6 alkyl, and P0 3 H 2 .
• each natural amino acid of R h is independently selected from the group consisting of serine, alanine, glycine, lysine, argining, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, asparatate, asparagine, histidine, and leucine.
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
• R 4 is selected from the group consisting of:
• n 0.
• R 6a and R 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, Ci- 4 alkyl and Ci -4 haloalkyl.
• the group Z-L- is selected from the group consisting of:
• the group Z-L- is selected from the group consisting of
• R 6a is H.
• m is 1 and R 6 is selected from the group consisting of F, Ci- 4 alkyl, O- R u , Ci -4 haloalkyl and NR U R V , wherein each R u and R v is independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-8 alkyl, and Ci-s haloalkyl.
• R 6 is F.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are selected from ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, ⁇ , ⁇ '-dibenzyl ethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2- dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperadine, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethyl amine, tripropyl amine, tromethamine, hydrochloric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, dihydrogenphosphoric,
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are selected from ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, hydrochloric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, dihydrogenphosphoric, acetic, propionic, isobutyric, malonic, benzoic, succinic, suberic, fumaric, mandelic, phthalic, benzenesulfonic, p-tolylsulfonic, citric, tartaric, methanesulfonic, arginate, glucuronic acid and galactunoric acids.
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are selected from ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, hydrochloric, carbonic, monohydrogencarbonic, phosphoric, monohydrogenphosphoric, dihydrogenphosphoric, acetic, propionic, isobutyric, malonic, benzoic, succinic, suberic, fumaric, mandelic, phthalic, benzenesulfonic, p-tolyls
• the pharmaceutically acceptable salts are sodium or hydrochloric.
• the present disclosure provides compounds which are in a prodrug form.
• Prodrugs of the compounds described herein are those compounds that readily undergo chemical changes under physiological conditions to provide the compounds of the present disclosure.
• prodrugs can be converted to the compounds of the present disclosure by chemical or biochemical methods in an ex vivo environment. For example, prodrugs can be slowly converted to the compounds of the present disclosure when placed in a transdermal patch reservoir with a suitable enzyme or chemical reagent.
• An ester may be used as a prodrug for the corresponding carboxylic acid.
• a Ci-io alkyl ester or a Ci-io haloalkyl ester may be used as a prodrug for the corresponding carboxylic acid.
• the following esters may be used: ter-butyl ester, methyl ester, ethyl ester, isopropyl ester.
• ester prodrugs may be used as R 3 groups such as threonine or serine prodrug esters which are linked to the rest of the molecule through their nitrogen. More specifically, the following prodrugs may be used for R 3 :
• compositions of those compounds will typically contain a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent.
• composition as used herein is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
• pharmaceutically acceptable it is meant the carrier, diluent or excipient must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient thereof.
• a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the present disclosure including a compound of Formula (II), (Ha), (lib), (I), (la), or (lb) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, is provided.
• the pharmaceutical composition further comprises one or more additional therapeutic agents.
• the one or more additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of an antimicrobial agent, an antiviral agent, a cytotoxic agent, a gene expression modulatory agent, a chemotherapeutic agent, an anti-cancer agent, an anti-angiogenic agent, an immunotherapeutic agent, an anti-hormonal agent, an anti-fibrotic agent, radiotherapy, a radiotherapeutic agent, an anti-neoplastic agent, and an anti-proliferation agent.
• the one or more additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more of CCX354, CCX9588, CCX140, CCX872, CCX598,
• compositions for the administration of the compounds of this disclosure may conveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy and drug delivery. All methods include the step of bringing the active ingredient into association with the carrier which constitutes one or more accessory ingredients.
• the pharmaceutical compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing the active ingredient into association with a liquid carrier or a finely divided solid carrier or both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation.
• the active object compound is included in an amount sufficient to produce the desired effect upon the process or condition of diseases.
• compositions containing the active ingredient may be in a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules, emulsions and self-emulsifications as described in U.S. Patent Application 2002-0012680, hard or soft capsules, syrups, elixirs, solutions, buccal patch, oral gel, chewing gum, chewable tablets, effervescent powder and effervescent tablets.
• compositions intended for oral use may be prepared according to any method known to the art for the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one or more agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents, antioxidants and preserving agents in order to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations.
• Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for the manufacture of tablets.
• excipients may be for example, inert diluents, such as cellulose, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegrating agents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, for example PVP, cellulose, PEG, starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricating agents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc.
• the tablets may be uncoated or they may be coated, enterically or otherwise, by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over a longer period.
• a time delay material such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. They may also be coated by the techniques described in the U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,256,108; 4,166,452; and 4,265,874 to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for control release.
• Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, for example, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, polyethylene glycol (PEG) of various average sizes (e.g., PEG400, PEG4000) and certain surfactants such as cremophor or solutol, or as soft gelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or an oil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.
• PEG polyethylene glycol
• emulsions can be prepared with a non-water miscible ingredient such as oils and stabilized with surfactants such as mono- or di-glycerides, PEG esters and the like.
• Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture with excipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions.
• excipients are suspending agents, for example sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxy-propylmethylcellulose, sodium alginate, polyvinyl -pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia; dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide, for example lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide with fatty acids, for example polyoxy-ethylene stearate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, for example heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and a hexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensation products of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbito
• the aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, for example ethyl, or n-propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloring agents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents, such as sucrose or saccharin.
• Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredient in a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin.
• the oily suspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hard paraffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forth above, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oral preparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of an anti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.
• Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueous suspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient in admixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and one or more preservatives.
• a dispersing or wetting agent exemplified by those already mentioned above.
• Additional excipients for example sweetening, flavoring and coloring agents, may also be present.
• the pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure may also be in the form of oil-in- water emulsions.
• the oily phase may be a vegetable oil, for example olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquid paraffin or mixtures of these.
• Suitable emulsifying agents may be naturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth, naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, and esters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitol anhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation products of the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for example polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate.
• the emulsions may also contain sweetening and flavoring agents.
• Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for example glycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations may also contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloring agents. Oral solutions can be prepared in combination with, for example, cyclodextrin, PEG and surfactants.
• the pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension. This suspension may be formulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above.
• the sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectable solution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent, for example as a solution in 1,3 -butane diol.
• a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent or solvent for example as a solution in 1,3 -butane diol.
• acceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water, Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution.
• sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium.
• any bland fixed oil may be employed including synthetic mono- or diglycerides.
• fatty acids such as oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.
• the compounds of the present disclosure may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectal administration of the drug.
• compositions can be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid at ordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and will therefore melt in the rectum to release the drug.
• Such materials include cocoa butter and polyethylene glycols.
• the compounds can be administered via ocular delivery by means of solutions or ointments.
• transdermal delivery of the subject compounds can be accomplished by means of iontophoretic patches and the like.
• creams, ointments, jellies, solutions or suspensions, etc., containing the compounds of the present disclosure are employed.
• topical application is also meant to include the use of mouth washes and gargles.
• the compounds of this disclosure may also be coupled a carrier that is a suitable polymers as targetable drug carriers.
• suitable polymers can include polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer, polyhydroxy-propyl-methacrylami de-phenol, polyhydroxyethyl-aspartami de-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysine substituted with palmitoyl residues.
• the compounds of the disclosure may be coupled to a carrier that is a class of biodegradable polymers useful in achieving controlled release of a drug, for example polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsilon caprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals, polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathic block copolymers of hydrogels.
• Polymers and semipermeable polymer matrices may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents, tubing, prostheses and the like.
• the compound of the disclosure is coupled to a polymer or semipermeable polymer matrix that is formed as a stent or stent-graft device.
• the compounds of the disclosure may be used as immunomodulators.
• the compounds of the disclosure may be used as agonists, antagonists, partial agonists, inverse agonists, inhibitors of PD-1 and/or PD-L1 in a variety of contexts, both in vitro and in vivo.
• the compounds of the disclosure may be used as inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 protein protein interaction.
• the compounds of the disclosure may be used as inhibitors of PD-L1.
• the compounds of the disclosure may be used as inhibitors of the CD80/PD-L1 protein protein interaction.
• the compounds of the disclosure may be used to inhibit the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 and/or PD-1 and CD80 and/or PD-1 and PD-L2 in vitro or in vivo. In some embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure may be used to inhibit VISTA and/or TIM-3. In some embodiments, the compounds of the disclosure may be inhibitors of the PD-l/PD-Ll protein protein interaction and inhibitors of VISTA and/or TIM-3.
• the compounds of the disclosure may be inhibitors of CTLA-4 and/or BTLA and/or LAG- 3 and/or KLRG-1 and/or 2B4 and/or CD 160 and/or HVEM and/or CD48 and/or E-cadherin and/or MHC-II and/or galectin-9 and/or CD86 and/or PD-L2 and/or VISTA and/or TEVI-3 and/or CD80.
• the compounds of the disclosure may be contacted with the receptor they interact with, in aqueous solution and under conditions otherwise suitable for binding of the ligand to the receptor.
• the receptor may be present in suspension ⁇ e.g. , in an isolated membrane or cell preparation), in a cultured or isolated cell, or in a tissue or organ.
• the amount of the compounds of the disclosure contacted with the receptor should be sufficient to inhibit the PD-l/PD-Ll binding in vitro as measured, for example, using an ELISA.
• the receptor may be present in solution or suspension, in a cultured or isolated cell preparation or within a patient.
• the compounds of the present disclosure are useful for restoring and augmenting T cell activation. In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure are useful for enhancing an immune response in a patient. In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure are useful for treating, preventing, or slowing the progression of diseases or disorders in a variety of therapeutic areas, such as cancer and infectious diseases. [0076] In some embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure can be used for treating patients suffering from conditions that are responsive to PD-l/PD-Ll protein protein interaction modulation.
• PD-1 signaling pathway in a subject comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure including a compound of Formula Formula (I), (la), or (lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), (la), or (lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided.
• a compound of the present disclosure including a compound of Formula Formula (I), (la), or (lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a composition comprising a compound of Formula (I), (la), or (lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided.
• a method of enhancing, stimulating, modulating and/or increasing the immune response in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure including a compound of Formula (I), (la), or (lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a composition of a compound of the present disclosure including a compound of Formula (I), (la), or (lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided.
• a method of inhibiting growth, proliferation, or metastasis of cancer cells in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure including a compound of Formula (II), (Ila), (lib), (I), (la), or (lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a composition of a compound of the present disclosure including a compound of Formula (II), (Ila), (lib), (I), (la), or (lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided.
• a method of treating a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present disclosure including a compound of Formula (I), (la), or (lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a composition of a compound of the present disclosure including a compound of Formula (I), (la), or (lb), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is provided.
• the subject suffers from a disease or disorder selected from the group consisting of an infectious disease, a bacterial infectious disease, a viral infectious disease a fungal infectious disease, a solid tumor, a hematological malignancy, an immune disorder, an inflammatory disease, and cancer.
• a disease or disorder selected from the group consisting of an infectious disease, a bacterial infectious disease, a viral infectious disease a fungal infectious disease, a solid tumor, a hematological malignancy, an immune disorder, an inflammatory disease, and cancer.
• the disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of melanoma, glioblastoma, esophagus tumor, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, uveal melanoma, lymphoma, lymphocytic lymphoma, primary CNS lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer, chronic myelocytic leukemia, Kaposi's sarcoma fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, angiosarcoma, lymphangiosarcoma, synovioma, , meningioma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, sarcoma of soft tissue, sarcoma, sepsis, biliary tumor, basal cell carcinoma,
• NSCLC colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, cancer of the head or neck, gastrointestinal tract, stomach cancer, HIV, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, hepatitis D, herpes viruses, papillomaviruses, influenza, bone cancer, skin cancer, rectal cancer, cancer of the anal region, testicular cancer, carcinoma of the fallopian tubes, carcinoma of the endometrium, carcinoma of the cervix, carcinoma of the vagina, carcinoma of the vulva, cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the small intestine, cancer of the endocrine system, cancer of the urethra, cancer of the penis, cancer of the bladder, cancer of the kidney, cancer of the ureter, carcinoma of the renal pelvis, neoplasm of the central
• cystadenocarcinoma bronchogenic carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, wilm's tumor, pleomorphic adenoma, liver cell papilloma, renal tubular adenoma, cystadenoma, papilloma, adenoma, leiomyoma, rhabdomyoma, hemangioma, lymphangioma, osteoma, chondroma, lipoma and fibroma.
• a therapeutically effective amount of one or more additional therapeutic agents is further administered to the subject.
• the one or more additional therapeutic agents is selected from the group consisting of an antimicrobial agent, an antiviral agent, a cytotoxic agent, a gene expression modulatory agent, a chemotherapeutic agent, an anti-cancer agent, an anti-angiogenic agent, an immunotherapeutic agent, an anti -hormonal agent, an anti-fibrotic agent, radiotherapy, a radiotherapeutic agent, an anti-neoplastic agent, and an anti-proliferation agent.
• the one or more additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of one or more of CCX354, CCX9588, CCX140, CCX872, CCX598, CCX6239, CCX9664, CCX2553, CCX 2991, CCX282, CCX025, CCX507, CCX430, CCX765, CCX224, CCX662, CCX650, CCX832, CCX168, and CCX168-M1.
• the compounds of the present disclosure may be used to inhibit an infectious disease.
• the infectious disease includes but is not limited to HIV, Influenza, Herpes, Giardia, Malaria, Leishmania, the pathogenic infection by the virus Hepatitis (A, B, and C), herpes virus (e.g., VZV, HSV-I, HAV-6, HSV-II, and CMV, Epstein Barr virus), adenovirus, influenza virus, flaviviruses, echovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus, cornovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, mumps virus, rotavirus, measles virus, rubella virus, parvovirus, vaccinia virus, HTLV virus, dengue virus, papillomavirus, molluscum virus, poliovirus, rabies virus, JC virus and arboviral encephalitis virus, pathogenic infection by the bacteria chlamydia, rickettsial bacteria, mycobacteria
• herpes virus
• coli legionella, diphtheria, salmonella, bacilli, cholera, tetanus, botulism, anthrax, plague, leptospirosis, and Lyme's disease bacteria, pathogenic infection by the fungi Candida (albicans, krusei, glabrata, tropicalis, etc.),
• Cryptococcus neoformans Aspergillus (fumigatus, niger, etc.), Genus Mucorales (mucor, absidia, rhizophus), Sporothrix schenkii, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma capsulatum, and pathogenic infection by the parasites Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidium coli, Naegleriafowleri, Acanthamoeba sp., Giardia lambia, Cryptosporidium sp., Pneumocystis carinii, Plasmodium vivax, Babesia microti, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, Toxoplasma gondi, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. [0084] In some embodiments, the compounds of the present
• Treatment methods provided herein include, in general, administration to a patient an effective amount of one or more compounds provided herein.
• Suitable patients include those patients suffering from or susceptible to (i.e. , prophylactic treatment) a disorder or disease identified herein.
• Typical patients for treatment as described herein include mammals, particularly primates, especially humans.
• Other suitable patients include domesticated companion animals such as a dog, cat, horse, and the like, or a livestock animal such as cattle, pig, sheep and the like.
• treatment methods provided herein comprise administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound one or more compounds provided herein.
• the compound(s) of the disclosure are preferably administered to a patient (e.g. , a human) intravenously, orally or topically.
• the effective amount may be an amount sufficient to modulate the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and/or an amount sufficient to reduce or alleviate the symptoms presented by the patient.
• the amount administered is sufficient to yield a plasma concentration of the compound (or its active metabolite, if the compound is a pro-drug) high enough to sufficient to modulate the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.
• Treatment regimens may vary depending on the compound used and the particular condition to be treated; for treatment of most disorders, a frequency of administration of 4 times daily or less is preferred. In general, a dosage regimen of 2 times daily is more preferred, with once a day dosing particularly preferred. It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level and treatment regimen for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination (i. e. , other drugs being administered to the patient) and the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy, as well as the judgment of the prescribing medical practitioner. In general, the use of the minimum dose sufficient to provide effective therapy is preferred. Patients may generally be monitored for therapeutic effectiveness using medical or veterinary criteria suitable for the condition being treated or prevented.
• a concomitant medicine comprising the compounds of the present disclosure and other drug may be administered as a combination preparation in which both components are contained in a single formulation, or administered as separate formulations.
• the administration by separate formulations includes simultaneous administration and administration with some time intervals.
• the compound of the present disclosure can be administered first, followed by another drug or another drug can be administered first, followed by the compound of the present disclosure.
• the administration method of the respective drugs may be the same or different.
• the dosage of the other drug can be properly selected, based on a dosage that has been clinically used.
• the compounding ratio of the compound of the present disclosure and the other drug can be properly selected according to age and weight of a subject to be administered, administration method, administration time, disorder to be treated, symptom and combination thereof.
• the other drug may be used in an amount of 0.01 to 100 parts by mass, based on 1 part by mass of the compound of the present disclosure.
• the other drug may be a combination of two or more kind of arbitrary drugs in a proper proportion.
• the compounds described herein may be used or combined with one or more therapeutic agent such as an antimicrobial agent, an antiviral agent, a cytotoxic agent, a gene expression modulatory agent, a chemotherapeutic agent, an anti-cancer agent, an anti-angiogenic agent, an immunotherapeutic agent, an anti-hormonal agent, an anti-fibrotic agent, radiotherapy, a radiotherapeutic agent, an anti-neoplastic agent, and an anti-proliferation agent.
• therapeutic agents may be in the forms of compounds, antibodies, polypeptides, or
• the compounds described herein may be used or combined with one or more of a therapeutic antibody, a bispecific antibody and "antibody-like" therapeutic protein (such as
• CRISPR Cas9 including CRISPR Cas9, zinc finger nucleases or synthetic nucleases (TALENs), a CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T-cell immunotherapeutic agent, or any combination thereof.
• TALENs zinc finger nucleases or synthetic nucleases
• CAR chimeric antigen receptor
• chemotherapeutics include an alkylation agent, nitrosourea agent, antimetabolite, anticancer antibiotics, vegetable-origin alkaloid, topoisomerase inhibitor, hormone drug, hormone antagonist, aromatase inhibitor, P-glycoprotein inhibitor, platinum complex derivative, other immunotherapeutic drugs and other anticancer drugs.
• the compounds described herein may be used or combined with a cancer treatment adjunct, such as a leucopenia (neutropenia) treatment drug, thrombocytopenia treatment drug, antiemetic and cancer pain intervention drug, concomitantly or in a mixture form.
• a cancer treatment adjunct such as a leucopenia (neutropenia) treatment drug, thrombocytopenia treatment drug, antiemetic and cancer pain intervention drug, concomitantly or in a mixture form.
• the compounds described herein may be used or combined with a kinase inhibitor.
• the compounds of the present disclosure can be used with other immunomodulators and/or a potentiating agent concomitantly or in a mixture form.
• the immuno modulator include various cytokines, vaccines and adjuvants.
• these cytokines, vaccines and adjuvants that stimulates immune responses include but not limited to GM-CSF, M-CSF, G-CSF, interferon-a, beta, or gamma, IL-1, IL-2, IL- 3, IL-12, Poly (I:C) and CPG.
• the potentiating agents include cyclophosphamide and analogs of cyclophosphamide, anti- TGF and imatinib (Gleevac), a mitosis inhibitor, such as paclitaxel, Sunitinib (Sutent) or other antiangiogenic agents, an aromatase inhibitor, such as letrozole, an A2a adenosine receptor (A2AR) antagonist, an angiogenesis inhibitor, anthracyclines, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, TLR4 antagonists, and IL- 18 antagonists.
• a mitosis inhibitor such as paclitaxel, Sunitinib (Sutent) or other antiangiogenic agents
• an aromatase inhibitor such as letrozole
• A2a adenosine receptor (A2AR) antagonist an angiogenesis inhibitor
• anthracyclines oxaliplatin
• doxorubicin TLR4 antagonists
• the compounds described herein may be used or combined with one or more modulator of CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCR10, CCR11, CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7, ChemR23, C5aR, C5a, and C5.
• the modulator is an antagonist.
• the compounds described herein may be used or combined with one or more of CCX354, CCX9588, CCX140, CCX872, CCX598, CCX6239, CCX9664, CCX2553, CCX 2991, CCX282, CCX025, CCX507, CCX430, CCX765, CCX224, CCX662, CCX650, CCX832, CCX168, and CCX168-M1.
• DOSAGE CCX354, CCX9588, CCX140, CCX872, CCX598, CCX6239, CCX9664, CCX2553, CCX 2991, CCX282, CCX025, CCX507, CCX430, CCX765, CCX224, CCX662, CCX650, CCX832, CCX168, and CCX168-M1.
• Dosage levels of the order of from about 0.1 mg to about 140 mg per kilogram of body weight per day are useful in the treatment or preventions of conditions involving the PD-l/PD- Ll interaction (about 0.5 mg to about 7 g per human patient per day).
• the amount of active ingredient that may be combined with the carrier materials to produce a single dosage form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular mode of administration. Dosage unit forms will generally contain between from about 1 mg to about 500 mg of an active ingredient.
• concentration of 5 ng (nanograms)/mL-10 ⁇ g (micro grams)/mL serum more preferably sufficient compound to achieve a serum concentration of 20 ng-1 ⁇ g/ml serum should be administered, most preferably sufficient compound to achieve a serum concentration of 50 ng/ml-200 ng/ml serum should be administered.
• concentration of 5 ng (nanograms)/mL-10 ⁇ g (micro grams)/mL serum more preferably sufficient compound to achieve a serum concentration of 20 ng-1 ⁇ g/ml serum should be administered, most preferably sufficient compound to achieve a serum concentration of 50 ng/ml-200 ng/ml serum should be administered.
• For direct injection into the synovium (for the treatment of arthritis) sufficient compounds should be administered to achieve a local concentration of approximately 1 micromolar.
• Frequency of dosage may also vary depending on the compound used and the particular disease treated. However, for treatment of most disorders, a dosage regimen of 4 times daily, three times daily, or less is preferred, with a dosage regimen of once daily or 2 times daily being particularly preferred. It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level for any particular patient will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion, drug combination (i.e. , other drugs being administered to the patient), the severity of the particular disease undergoing therapy, and other factors, including the judgment of the prescribing medical practitioner.
• the compounds of the disclosure can be used in a variety of non-pharmaceutical in vitro and in vivo application.
• the compounds of the disclosure may also be used as positive controls in assays for PD-1/PD-L1 interaction activity, i.e. , as standards for determining the ability of a candidate agent to bind to PD-1 and/or PD-L1 , or as radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging or for single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT).
• PET positron emission tomography
• SPECT single photon emission computerized tomography
• kits comprising a compound of the present disclosure or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and instructions for use.
• the kit can further contain at least one additional reagent.
• Kits typically include a label indicating the intended use of the contents of the kit.
• the term label includes any writing, or recorded material supplied on or with the kit, or which otherwise accompanies the kit.
• the embodiments are also directed to processes and intermediates useful for preparing the subject compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
• the 4-Bromoindanone compound can be enantioselectively reduced to its optically pure 4-bromoindanol derivative using a chiral reducing agent containing boron.
• the ether bond can be formed using reagents such as triphenyl phosphine and diisopropyl or diethyl azodicarboxylate (in this case, the reaction leads to an inversion of configuration, however, some racemization was observed).
• Alkylation of the phenol intermediate can be achieved using the appropriate alkyl halide or mesylate reagent.
• boronate at the 4-position of the indane ring can be accomplished via transition metal mediated coupling using bis(pinacalato)diboron.
• Coupling at the 4-position of the indane ring can be accomplished via transition metal mediated coupling using the appropriate aryl halide.
• Displacement of the halide X with appropriate amine can be achieved using potassium or cesium carbonate in presence of metal bromide or metal iodide.
• the reductive amination can be accomplished using the appropriate primary or secondary amine and a reducing agent such as sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride in presence of a mild acid such as acetic acid.
• the amine group added in the reductive amination is shown as R 3 in the diagram above.
• the transformations shown in Scheme 1 may be performed in any order that is compatible with the functionality of the particular pendant groups.
• the 4-Bromoindanone compound can be enantioselectively reduced to its optically pure 4-bromoindanol derivative using a chiral reducing agent containing boron.
• the ether bond can be formed using reagents such as triphenyl phosphine and diisopropyl or diethyl azodicarboxylate (in this case, the reaction leads to an inversion of configuration, however, some racemization was observed).
• Alkylation of the phenol intermediate can be achieved using the appropriate alkyl halide or mesylate reagent.
• boronate at the 4-position of the indane ring can be accomplished via transition metal mediated coupling using bis(pinacalato)diboron.
• Coupling at the 4-position of the indane ring can be accomplished via transition metal mediated coupling using the appropriate aryl halide.
• Displacement of the halide X with appropriate amine can be achieved using potassium or cesium carbonate in presence of metal bromide or metal iodide.
• the reductive amination can be accomplished using the appropriate primary or secondary amine and a reducing agent such as sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride in presence of a mild acid such as acetic acid.
• the amine group added in the reductive amination is shown as R 3 in the diagram above.
• the transformations shown in Scheme 2 may be performed in any order that is compatible with the functionality of the particular pendant groups.
• Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry analysis was conducted on a Hewlett-Packard MSD electrospray mass spectrometer using the HP1100 HPLC for sample delivery. Normally the analyte was dissolved in methanol or CH3CN at 0.1 mg/mL and 1 microliter was infused with the delivery solvent into the mass spectrometer, which scanned from 100 to 1000 Daltons. All compounds could be analyzed in the positive or negative ESI mode, using acetonitrile / water with 1% formic acid as the delivery solvent.
• TLC Thin layer chromatography.
• Compounds within the scope of this disclosure can be synthesized as described below, using a variety of reactions known to the skilled artisan. One skilled in the art will also recognize that alternative methods may be employed to synthesize the target compounds of this disclosure, and that the approaches described within the body of this document are not exhaustive, but do provide broadly applicable and practical routes to compounds of interest.
• Certain molecules claimed in this patent can exist in different enantiomeric and diastereomeric forms and all such variants of these compounds are claimed unless a specific enantiomer is specified.
• the detailed description of the experimental procedures used to synthesize key compounds in this text lead to molecules that are described by the physical data identifying them as well as by the structural depictions associated with them.
• Step b 5-((( ⁇ S -4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)-4-chloro-2-formylphenyl ((li?,4i?)-7,7-dimethyl-2-oxobicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-l-yl)methanesulfonate (7.3, 12.5 mmol, dr > 99: 1) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and aqueous sodium hydroxide (1M, 25.1 mmol) was added drop wise. The resultant solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 hours.
• Example 1 Synthesis of (5-chloro-2-ethoxy-4-(((S)-4-(3-(3-((i?)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-l- yl)propoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)benzyl)-L-serine
• Step a To a solution of (,S -4-((4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzaldehyde (400 mg, 1.1 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added iodoethane (176 ⁇ ⁇ , 2.186 mmol) followed by CS2CO3 (1.07 g, 3.3 mmol). The resulting suspension was then stirred at room temperature for 2 h.
• reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL), washed with water (20 mL), saturated NH4CI solution (20 mL), dried (MgS0 4 ), concentrated in vacuo to obtain ( ⁇ S -4-((4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)-5-chloro-2-ethoxybenzaldehyde which was used as such in the next step.
• Step b A solution of (,S -4-((4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)-5-chloro-2- ethoxybenzaldehyde (417 mg, 1.06 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (323 mg, 1.27 mmol), and potassium acetate (312 mg, 3.18 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was degassed with nitrogen for 2 minutes before the addition of Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) di chloride (75 mg, 0.106 mmol). The mixture was degassed further for 2 minutes and then heated to 80 °C.
• Step c A solution of (5)-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-4-((4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)benzaldehyde (310 mg, 0.7 mmol), 1-bromo- 3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylbenzene (226 mg, 0.91 mmol), and aqueous 0.5 M K3PO4 (5 mL) in THF (5 mL) was degassed with nitrogen for 2 minutes before XPhos Pd G2 (17 mg, 0.021 mmol) was added.
• Step d To a slurry of ( ⁇ S -5-chloro-4-((4-(3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)-2-ethoxybenzaldehyde (200 mg, 0.4 mmol) and potassium carbonate (166 mg, 1.2 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) was added Nal (90 mg, 0.6 mmol) and (R)- pyrrolidin-3-ol hydrochloride salt (105 mg, 1.2 mmol) and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred overnight at 80 °C.
• Step e A suspension of 5-chloro-2-ethoxy-4-((( ⁇ S -4-(3-(3-((i?)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-l- yl)propoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)benzaldehyde (60 mg, 0.11 mmol), AcOH (100 ⁇ ,) and L-serine (100 mg, 0.95 mmol) was stirred in DMF (1.5 mL) for 10 minutes before sodium triacetoxyborohydride (100 mg, 0.47 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was left to stir overnight at room temperature.
• Step a A solution of 5-[[5-[(l ⁇ S -4-bromoindan-l-yl]oxy-4-chloro-2-formyl- phenoxy]methyl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (3.0 g, 6.2 mmol), 3 ⁇ 4/,s , (pinacolato)diboron (2.37 g, 9.3 mmol), and potassium acetate (1.83 g, 18.6 mmol) in dioxane (100 mL) was degassed with nitrogen for 15 min before the addition of l,r-6z ' s(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]- dichloropalladium(II) complexed with dichloromethane.
• Step b A solution of (S)-5-((4-cWoro-2-formyl-5-((4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)phenoxy)methyl)nicotinonitrile (2.5 g, 4.68 mmol), l-(3-(3-bromo-2-chlorophenoxy)propyl)azetidin-3-ol (1.5 g, 4.68 mmol), and aqueous 0.5 M K3PO4 (28 mL, 14 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was degassed with nitrogen for 25 min before XPhos Pd G2 (0.74 g, 0.94 mmol) was added.
• Step c A solution of (,S -5-((4-chloro-5-((4-(2-chloro-3-(3-(3-hydroxyazetidin-l- yl)propoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)-2-formylphenoxy)methyl)nicotinonitrile (0.73 g, 1.1 mmol) and 2-Me-L-serine (0.40 g, 3.4 mmol) was stirred in DMF (36 mL) for 1 h before sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.72 g, 3.4 mmol) was added in small portions over 1 h.
• Step a To a slurry of 3-bromo-2-chlorophenol (9.82 g, 47.3 mmol) and potassium carbonate (13.7 g, 94.6 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was slowly added 1,3-dibromopropane (28.7 g,
• Step b To a slurry of l-bromo-3-(3-bromopropoxy)-2-chlorobenzene (3.7 g, 11.3 mmol) and potassium carbonate (3.12 g, 22.6 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) at 50 °C was added a pre- heated (50 °C) solution of finely suspended 3-hydroxyazetidine (1.07 g, 14.6 mmol) in DMF (25 mL). After 1 h, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and filtered through Celite.
• Step a A biphasic solution of 5-[[5-[(l ⁇ S -4-bromoindan-l -yl]oxy-4-chloro-2-formyl- phenoxy]methyl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile (7.7 g, 16 mmol), 2-(3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2- methylphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (6.0 g, 19 mmol), and Pd(PPh3) 4 (3.7 g 32 mmol) in aqueous 2 M K2CO3 (24 mL, 48 mmol) and 1,2-dimethoxy ethane (240 mL) was degassed with nitrogen for 20 min.
• Step b A slurry of (,S -5-((4-chloro-5-((4-(3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)-2-formylphenoxy)methyl)nicotinonitrile (7.3 g, 12.4 mmol), 4- hydroxypiperidine (1.9 g, 18.6 mmol), sodium iodide (0.56 g, 3.72 mmol), and K2CO3 (3.4 g, 24.8 mmol) was heated to 80 °C and allowed to stir at this temperature for 8 h.
• reaction mixture was poured into a separatory funnel containing water (100 mL). The mixture was extracted with 2: 1 CHCh:isopropanol (60 mL x 3). The organics were combined, dried over MgS0 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
• Step c A solution of (,S -5-((4-chloro-2-formyl-5-((4-(3-(3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-l - yl)propoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)phenoxy)methyl)nicotinonitrile (3.2 g, 4.9 mmol) and L-threonine (1.5 g, 12.2 mmol) was stirred in DMF (48 mL) for 3 h before sodium triacetoxyborohydride (3.1 g, 14.6 mmol ) was added in portions over 10 min. The reaction mixture was left to stir overnight at room temperature.
• Step a To a solution of l-bromo-3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylbenzene (5.0 g, 19 mmol), 3 ⁇ 4/,s , (pinacolato)diboron (4.8 g, 19 mmol) in dioxane (20 mL) was added potassium acetate (5.6 g, 57 mmol) and the mixture was degassed with nitrogen for 10 min.
• the catalyst l, -3 ⁇ 4/,s , (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) complexed with dichloromethane (1.5 g, 1.9 mmol) was added, and the mixture was degassed for an additional 10 min before it was heated to 80 °C and left to stir at that temperature for 18 h. After cooling to rt, water (30 mL) was added to the reaction mixture. The aqueous layer was re-extracted with EtOAc (2 x 20 mL) and the combined organics were dried over MgS0 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
• Example 4 Synthesis of l-(3-(3-((S)-l-(2-chloro-4-((((li?,2S)-2- hydroxycyclohexyl)amino)methyl)-5-(3-((i?)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-l-yl)propoxy)phenoxy)- 2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-4-yl)-2-methylphenoxy)propyl)piperidin-4-ol
• Step a To a solution of 4-[(l ⁇ S -4-bromoindan-l -yl]oxy-5-chloro-2-hydroxy- benzaldehyde (545 mg, 1.48 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added K2CO3 (614 mg, 4.44 mmol) and l -bromo-3-chloropropane (257 mg, 1.63 mmol), and the resulting suspension was left to stir at rt for 18 h.
• Step b A biphasic solution of 4-(((,S 4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)-5- chloro-2-(3-((i?)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-l -yl)propoxy)benzaldehyde (217 mg, 0.438 mmol), 2-(3- (3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (219 mg, 0.658 mmol), and Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 (76 mg, 0.066 mmol) in aqueous 2 M K2CO3 (0.70 mL, 1.3 mmol) and 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane (6 mL) was degassed for 10 min before the mixture was heated to 90 °C.
• Step c A slurry of 5-chloro-4-((( ⁇ S -4-(3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)-2-(3-((i?)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-l-yl)propoxy)benzaldehyde (70 mg, 0.12 mmol), 4-hydroxypiperidine (18 mg, 0.18 mmol), sodium iodide (6 mg, 0.036 mmol), and K2CO3 (33 mg, 0.24 mmol) in DMF (23 mL) was heated to 80 °C and allowed to stir at this temperature overnight.
• Step d To a solution of 5-chloro-4-((( ⁇ S -4-(3-(3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-l-yl)propoxy)-2- methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)-2-(3-((i?)-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-l - yl)propoxy)benzaldehyde (20 mg, 0.023 mmol) and (l ⁇ S',2i?)-2-aminocyclohexan-l -ol (11 mg, 0.093 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added two drops of acetic acid, and the reaction mixture was stirred at rt.
• Step a A solution of ( 1 S)-4-((4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzaldehyde (600.0 mg, 1.63 mmol), 6/s(pinacolato)diboron (621.0 mg, 2.45 mmol), and potassium acetate (480.0 mg, 4.89 mmol) in dioxane (15 mL) was degassed with nitrogen for 15 min before the addition of l,l'-3 ⁇ 4/,s , (diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) complex with dichloromethane.
• Step b A solution of (-S -5-chloro-2-hydroxy-4-((4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-l,3,2- dioxaborolan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)benzaldehyde (664.0 mg, 1.60 mmol), 1- bromo-3-(3-bromopropoxy)-2-chlorobenzene (525.0 mg, 1.60 mmol), and aqueous 0.5 M tripotassium phosphate
• Step c A solution of (,S -4-((4-(3-(3-bromopropoxy)-2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH- inden-l-yl)oxy)-5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (520.0 mg, 0.97 mmol) and pyridine (1.0 mL, 19.4 mmol) in dry DCM (15 mL) was cooled to -20 °C and added trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (0.25 mL, 1.46 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was slowly warmed up to room temperature and allowed to stir for 2 h.
• Step d A solution of (,S -5-((4-(3-(3-bromopropoxy)-2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH- inden-l-yl)oxy)-4-chloro-2-formylphenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (100.0 mg, 0.15 mmol) and (5-cyanopyridin-3-yl)boronic acid (27.0 mg, 0.18 mmol) and 2 M potassium carbonate (0.23 mL, 0.45 mmol) in DME (3 mL) was degassed with nitrogen for 15 min before the addition of feira(triphenylphosphino)palladium (120.0 mg, 0.10 mmol).
• the mixture was degassed further for 5 min and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 70 °C and stirred for 12 h.
• the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and water was added (10 mL).
• the reaction mixture was extracted with DCM (10 mL x 3). The combined organics was dried over MgS0 4 , filtered, and concentrated in vacuo.
• Step e A slurry of (,S -5-(5-((4-(3-(3-bromopropoxy)-2-chlorophenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH- inden-l-yl)oxy)-4-chloro-2-formylphenyl)nicotinonitrile (54.0 mg, 0.087 mmol), azetidin-3-ol (9.5 mg, 0.13 mmol), potassium carbonate (30.0 mg, 0.22 mmol) and sodium iodide (13.0 mg, 0.087 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was warmed up to 80 °C and stirred for 12 h.
• Step f A mixture of (,S -5-(4-chloro-5-((4-(2-chloro-3-(3-(3-hydroxyazetidin-l- yl)propoxy)phenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)-2-formylphenyl)nicotinonitrile (10.0 mg, 0.016 mmol) and a-Me-L-serine (10.1 mg, 0.081 mmol) was stirred in DMF (2 mL) for 1 h before sodium triacetoxyborohydride (13.0 mg, 0.064 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was left to stir overnight at room temperature.
• Step a To a solution of 3-bromo-2-methylphenol (10.0 g, 53.5 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added l-bromo-3-chloropropane (8.42 g, 53.5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (8.87 g,
• Step b To a slurry of l-bromo-3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylbenzene (2.40 g, 9.10 mmol), 3 ⁇ 4/ , (pinacolato)diboron (3.00 g, 11.83 mmol), and potassium acetate (2.68 g, 27.30 mmol) in dioxane (40 mL) was degassed with nitrogen for 15 min before the addition of
• Step c To a slurry of ( ⁇ S -4-((4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzaldehyde (370.0 mg, 1.0 mmol), 2-(3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-l,3,2-dioxaborolane (370.0 mg, 1.20 mmol), and 2 M potassium carbonate (1.50 mL, 3.0 mmol) in DME (10 mL) was degassed with nitrogen for 15 min before the addition of feira(triphenylphosphino)palladium (120.0 mg, 0.10 mmol).
• Step d To a slurry of (,S -4-((4-bromo-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)-5-chloro-2- hydroxybenzaldehyde(-S -5-chloro-4-((4-(3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH- inden-l-yl)oxy)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (410.0 mg, 0.88 mmol) and cesium carbonate (860.0 mg, 2.64 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added 5-(chloromethyl)isophthalonitrile (310.0 mg, 1.75 mmol).
• Step e A slurry of (,S -5-((4-chloro-5-((4-(3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)-2-formylphenoxy)methyl)isophthalonitrile (259.0 mg, 0.42 mmol), piperidin-4-ol (51.4 mg, 0.50 mmol), potassium carbonate (70.0 mg, 0.50 mmol) and sodium iodide (63.0 mg, 0.42 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was warmed up to 80 °C and stirred for 12 h.
• Step f A mixture of (,S -5-((4-chloro-2-formyl-5-((4-(3-(3-(4-hydroxypiperidin-l- yl)propoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)phenoxy)methyl)isophthalonitrile (100 mg, 0.15 mmol) and a-Me-L-serine (119.1 mg, 0.74 mmol) was stirred in DMF (2 mL) for 1 h before sodium triacetoxyborohydride (127.0 mg, 0.6 mmol) was added in small portions over 1 h. The reaction mixture was left to stir overnight at room temperature.
• Example 7 Synthesis of 5-((4-chloro-5-(((S)-4-(3-(3-(4-fluoropiperidin-l-yl)propoxy)-2- methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)-2-((((S)-6-oxopiperidin-3- l)amino)methyl)phenoxy)methyl)isophthalonitrile
• Step a A slurry of (,S -5-((4-chloro-5-((4-(3-(3-chloropropoxy)-2-methylphenyl)-2,3- dihydro-lH-inden-l -yl)oxy)-2-formylphenoxy)methyl)isophthalonitrile (728.0 mg, 1.19 mmol), 4-fluoropiperidine hydrochloride (200.0 mg, 1.43 mmol), potassium carbonate (411.0 mg, 2.98 mmol) and sodium iodide (179.0 mg, 1.19 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was warmed up 80 °C and stirred for 12 h.
• Step b A mixture of (-S -5-((4-chloro-5-((4-(3-(3-(4-fluoropiperidin-l-yl)propoxy)-2- methylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-lH-inden-l-yl)oxy)-2-formylphenoxy)methyl)isophthalonitrile (50.0 mg, 0.074 mmol) and ( ⁇ S -5-aminopiperidin-2-one hydrochloride (33.0 mg, 0.22 mmol) was stirred in DMF (2 mL) for 1 h before sodium triacetoxyborohydride (47.0 mg, 0.22 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was left to stir overnight at room temperature.
• 96 Well plates were coated with ⁇ g/mL of human PD-L1 (obtained from R&D) in PBS overnight at 4 °C. The wells were then blocked with 2% BSA in PBS (W/V) with 0.05 % TWEEN-20 for 1 hour at 37 °C. The plates were washed 3 times with PBS/0.05% TWEEN-20 and the compounds were serial diluted (1 :5) in dilution medium and added to the ELISA plates. Human PD-1 and biotin O ⁇ g/mL (ACRO Biosystems) were added and incubated for 1 hour at 37 °C then washed 3 times with PBS/0.05% TWEEN-20.
• human PD-1 and biotin O ⁇ g/mL ACRO Biosystems

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