WO2019004279A1 - 位相差フィルム - Google Patents
位相差フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019004279A1 WO2019004279A1 PCT/JP2018/024351 JP2018024351W WO2019004279A1 WO 2019004279 A1 WO2019004279 A1 WO 2019004279A1 JP 2018024351 W JP2018024351 W JP 2018024351W WO 2019004279 A1 WO2019004279 A1 WO 2019004279A1
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- 0 CC(C([C@]1(C(C=CC)=CC=C)c2ccccc2)N*)C2=C1C=CCC2 Chemical compound CC(C([C@]1(C(C=CC)=CC=C)c2ccccc2)N*)C2=C1C=CCC2 0.000 description 7
- AUBOCPGIGWSTNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1 Chemical compound CC1CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1 AUBOCPGIGWSTNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/04—Aromatic polycarbonates
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/04—Aromatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/045—Aromatic polycarbonates containing aliphatic unsaturation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/16—Aliphatic-aromatic or araliphatic polycarbonates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/16—Aliphatic-aromatic or araliphatic polycarbonates
- C08G64/1608—Aliphatic-aromatic or araliphatic polycarbonates saturated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G64/20—General preparatory processes
- C08G64/22—General preparatory processes using carbonyl halides
- C08G64/226—General preparatory processes using carbonyl halides and alcohols
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
- B32B2457/202—LCD, i.e. liquid crystal displays
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/035—Ester polymer, e.g. polycarbonate, polyacrylate or polyester
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133637—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation characterised by the wavelength dispersion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a retardation film.
- retardation films have been used as optical films in liquid crystal displays and the like.
- a reverse dispersion film is known in which the retardation increases as the wavelength increases.
- a positive intrinsic birefringence component hereinafter also referred to as a positive monomer component
- a negative intrinsic birefringence component hereinafter also referred to as a negative monomer component
- the refractive index of the positive monomer component is larger than the refractive index of the negative monomer component, and the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index of the positive monomer component is negative It becomes a reverse dispersion film by being smaller than the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index which a monomer component shows.
- the negative monomer component it is necessary for the negative monomer component to have an absorption maximum on the longer wavelength side than the positive monomer component.
- Patent Documents 1 to 6 disclose a retardation film composed of a copolymer including a structural unit having a fluorene structure and a structural unit having an alicyclic hydrocarbon or an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 disclose structural units derived from 9,9-bis [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl] fluorene as structural units containing a fluorene structure, and Patent Documents 3 to 6 disclose such structural units. Disclosed are structural units derived from 9,9-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene.
- the refractive index wavelength dispersion of the negative monomer component to be used may not be sufficiently large, and the reverse wavelength dispersion may not be sufficiently exhibited. Then, in order to solve such a subject of a prior art, the present inventors advanced examination for the purpose of providing the retardation film which can exhibit sufficient reverse wavelength dispersion.
- a retardation film comprises a copolymer comprising a unit derived from a negative monomer component having a specific structure and a unit derived from a positive monomer component. It has been found that, by forming the above, a retardation film capable of exhibiting sufficient reverse wavelength dispersion can be obtained. Specifically, the present invention has the following configuration.
- a co-containing comprising at least one selected from a unit represented by the following general formula (1) and a unit represented by the following general formula (2), and a unit represented by the following general formula (3) Containing polymers, 20 nm ⁇ Re (548) ⁇ 300 nm, 0.5 ⁇ Re (446) / Re (548) ⁇ 1.0, Retardation film satisfying 1.0 ⁇ Re (629) / Re (548) ⁇ 2.0; However, Re (446), Re (548), Re (629) represent in-plane retardation at wavelengths of 446 nm, 548 nm, and 629 nm, respectively;
- each of R 11 to R 14 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value smaller than ⁇ 0.15, which is an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and a reaction R 11 to R 14 do not form a fused ring by being bound to each other by mutually adjacent substituents.
- R 15 ⁇ R 17 each independently represent a substituent;
- Each of a to c is independently an integer of 0 or more, and represents an integer equal to or less than the maximum number substitutable in each ring; when a to c are integers of 2 or more, plural R 15 and plural R 16 And a plurality of R 17 may be the same or different;
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 each independently represent an aryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line or a heteroaryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line as one of condensed rings;
- L 11 and L 12 each independently represent a C 2-8 alkylene group, a C 5-12 cycloalkylene group, a C 6-20 arylene group, or a C 6-20 hetero.
- n11 and n12 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 10; when n11 and n12 are integers of 2 to 10, a plurality of L 11 and a plurality of L 12 may be the same or different;
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 are each independently an aromatic fused ring group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line, R 15 , R 16 , -O- [L 11 -O] n11-and- [O -L 12 ] n12 -O- may be independently substituted on the benzene ring enclosed by the broken line, or may be substituted on a fused ring other than the benzene ring enclosed by the broken line;
- Y 21 and Y 22 are each independently a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom, and at least one of Y 21 and Y 22 is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom is there;
- Z represents
- L 21 and L 22 each independently represent a C 2-8 alkylene group, a C 5-12 cycloalkylene group, a C 6-20 arylene group, or a C 6-20 hetero.
- m21 and m22 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 10; when m21 and m22 are integers of 2 to 10, a plurality of-[L 21 -X 21 ]-and a plurality of-[X 22 -L 22 ] -
- Ar 21 and Ar 22 are each independently an aromatic fused ring group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line
- R 21 , R 22 , -O- [L 21 -X 21 ] m 21- and- [ X 22 -L 22 ] m 22 -O- may be each independently substituted with a benzene ring enclosed by a broken line or may be substituted with a fused ring other than a benzene ring enclosed
- X 32 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a combination of these;
- the ring member atoms of the cycloalkylene group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom.
- each of R 11 to R 14 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value smaller than ⁇ 0.15, which is an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and a reaction R 11 to R 14 do not form a fused ring by being bound to each other by mutually adjacent substituents.
- R 15 and R 16 each independently represent a methyl group or an ethyl group; a and b each independently represent an integer of 0 to 2; L 11 and L 12 each independently represent an ethylene group or a propylene group; n11 and n12 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3.
- X 32 is an alkylene group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms which has at least one member selected from an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring and an aromatic ring as a substituent, and has 4 to 20 carbon atoms
- a retardation film capable of exhibiting sufficient reverse wavelength dispersion can be obtained.
- a numerical range represented using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as the lower limit value and the upper limit value.
- the notation not describing substitution and non-substitution includes those having no substituent as well as those having a substituent.
- the "alkyl group” includes not only an alkyl group having no substituent (unsubstituted alkyl group) but also an alkyl group having a substituent (substituted alkyl group).
- the carbon number of each group (atomic group) is a value including the carbon number of the substituent.
- the present invention is a copolymer comprising at least one of a unit represented by the general formula (1) and a unit represented by the general formula (2), and a unit represented by the general formula (3)
- the present invention relates to a retardation film containing
- the unit represented by the general formula (1) is a constitutional unit represented by the following.
- the unit represented by the general formula (1) is a unit derived from a negative monomer component.
- each of R 11 to R 14 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value smaller than ⁇ 0.15, which is an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and a reaction R 11 to R 14 do not form a condensed ring by being bonded to each other by adjacent substituents, which is a substituent other than a substituent having a property group.
- R 15 to R 17 each independently represent a substituent.
- Each of a to c is independently an integer of 0 or more, and represents an integer equal to or less than the maximum number that can be substituted in each ring.
- each of Ar 11 and Ar 12 independently represents an aryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line or a heteroaryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line as one of condensed rings.
- L 11 and L 12 each independently represent a C 2-8 alkylene group, a C 5-12 cycloalkylene group, a C 6-20 arylene group, or a C 6-20 hetero. Represents an arylene group.
- n11 and n12 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 10.
- n11 and n12 are integers of 2 to 10, the plurality of L 11 and the plurality of L 12 may be the same or different.
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 are each independently an aromatic fused ring group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line
- R 15 , R 16 , -O- [L 11 -O] n11-and- [O -L 12 ] n12 -O- may be independently substituted on the benzene ring enclosed by the broken line or may be substituted on a fused ring other than the benzene ring enclosed by the broken line.
- each of R 11 to R 14 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value smaller than ⁇ 0.15, which is an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and a reaction It is a substituent except the substituent which has a sexic group.
- R 11 to R 14 do not bond to each other between adjacent substituents to form a fused ring.
- the reactive group is a (meth) acryloyl group.
- At least one of R 11 to R 14 is a substituent having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value of less than ⁇ 0.15, and excluding a substituent having an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and a reactive group It is preferably a substituent.
- the wavelength dispersion of the unit represented by General Formula (1) can be increased. It is possible to increase the reverse wavelength dispersion of the retardation film.
- the Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value is more preferably ⁇ 0.20 or less, still more preferably ⁇ 0.25 or less.
- the lower limit value of the Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value is preferably ⁇ 0.7.
- pKa is the acid dissociation constant of para-substituted benzoic acid at 25 ° C. in water.
- substituent having a Hammett substituent constant ⁇ p value smaller than ⁇ 0.15 for example, a cyclopropyl group (-cycloC 3 H 5, ⁇ p value ⁇ 0.21), an amino group (—NH 2, ⁇ p value is -0.57, dimethylamino group (-N (CH 3 ) 2, ⁇ p value is -0.63), benzoylamino group (-NHCOC 6 H 5, ⁇ p value is -0.19 ), Hydroxyl group (-OH , ⁇ p value is -0.38), methoxy group (-OCH 3, ⁇ p value is-0.28), ethoxy group (-OC 2 H 5, ⁇ p value is -0 21), propoxy group (-OC 3 H 7, ⁇ p value is -0.25), and the like.
- substituents among R 11 to R 14 are substituents having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value smaller than ⁇ 0.15, these substituent
- R 12 and R 13 are substituents having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value smaller than ⁇ 0.15, and is an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and a reactivity
- R 12 and R 13 each is a substituent having a Hammett substituent constant ⁇ p value smaller than ⁇ 0.15, and is preferably an aryl group, a heteroaryl group, It is preferable that it is a substituent except the substituent which has a reactive group.
- the substituent having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value of less than ⁇ 0.15 is preferably an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or a dialkylamino group, and more preferably an alkoxy group.
- the alkoxy group is preferably a methoxy group, an ethoxy group or a propoxy group, and more preferably a methoxy group.
- R 12 and R 13 are preferably an alkoxy group, and more preferably R 12 and R 13 is an alkoxy group. Furthermore, R 12 and R 13 are preferably a methoxy group, an ethoxy group or a propoxy group, and more preferably a methoxy group.
- R 15 to R 17 each independently represent a substituent.
- the substituent represented by R 15 to R 17 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an acyl group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group and a hetero An aryl group, an alicyclic group, etc. can be mentioned.
- the substituent represented by R 15 to R 17 is preferably an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group, and more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenyl group Particularly preferred is a methyl group, a methoxy group or a phenyl group.
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 each independently represent an aryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line or a heteroaryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line as one of condensed rings.
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 are preferably each independently an aryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line.
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 are aryl groups containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line, they are preferably aryl groups having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably aryl groups having 6 to 14 carbon atoms And an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 are each a heteroaryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line as one of the condensed rings, it is preferably a heteroaryl group having 9 to 14 ring members, and 9 to 10 ring members. More preferably, it is a heteroaryl group of The hetero atom constituting the heteroaryl group which may have a substituent Ar 11 and Ar 12 represent include nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom.
- Ar 11 and Ar 12 each independently may be an aryl group consisting of only a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line, and is an aromatic fused ring group containing the benzene ring surrounded by a broken line as one of condensed rings It may be.
- the fused ring of the aromatic fused ring group has aromaticity as a whole of the fused ring.
- L 11 and L 12 each independently represent an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or carbon It represents a heteroarylene group having a number of 6 to 20.
- Each of L 11 and L 12 is preferably independently an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an ethylene group.
- a to c each independently represent an integer of 0 or more and represent an integer equal to or less than the maximum number that can be substituted on each ring.
- Each of a to c is preferably independently an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 3, still more preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and it is preferably 0 or 1. Still more preferably, it is particularly preferably 0.
- R ⁇ 15 > may be same or different.
- the plurality of R 15 may be bonded to each other to form a ring, but it is preferable that the plurality of R 15 be bonded to each other to form no ring.
- b is an integer of 2 or more
- plural R 16 s may be the same or different.
- the plurality of R 16 's may be bonded to each other to form a ring, but it is preferable that the plurality of R 16' s be bonded to each other to form no ring.
- c is an integer of 2 or more
- a plurality of R 17 may be the same or different.
- the plurality of R 17 may be bonded to each other to form a ring, but it is preferable that the plurality of R 17 be bonded to each other to form no ring.
- n11 and n12 may be each independently an integer of 0 to 10, preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and 0 or 1 It is further preferred that When n11 is an integer of 2 to 10, the plurality of L 11 may be the same or different, and when n12 is an integer of 2 to 10, the plurality of L 12 may be the same or different.
- the unit represented by the general formula (1) is preferably a unit represented by the following general formula (11).
- each of R 11 to R 14 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent having a Hammett's substituent constant ⁇ p value smaller than ⁇ 0.15, which is an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and a reaction R 11 to R 14 do not form a condensed ring by being bonded to each other by adjacent substituents, which is a substituent other than a substituent having a property group.
- R 15 and R 16 each independently represent a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- a and b each independently represent an integer of 0 to 2;
- L 11 and L 12 each independently represent an ethylene group or a propylene group.
- n11 and n12 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3.
- R 11 ⁇ R 14 in the general formula (11) is the same as the preferred ranges of R 11 ⁇ R 14 in the general formula (1).
- R 15 and R 16 in the general formula (11) are each independently a methyl group.
- L 11 and L 12 in the general formula (11) are each independently an ethylene group.
- N11 and n12 in the general formula (11) are each independently preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1.
- Each of a and b in the general formula (11) is independently preferably 0 or 1, and more preferably 0.
- the compound used as a precursor may be obtained commercially, and may be manufactured synthetically.
- the compounds to be precursors are produced synthetically, they can be synthesized by known methods and methods described in the examples.
- the unit represented by General formula (2) is a structural unit represented below.
- the unit represented by the general formula (2) is a unit derived from a negative monomer component.
- Y 21 and Y 22 are each independently a carbon atom, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom, and at least one of Y 21 and Y 22 is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom is there.
- Each of R 21 to R 24 independently represents a substituent.
- p to s each independently represent an integer of 0 or more, and represent an integer equal to or less than the maximum number that can be substituted on each ring.
- plural R 21 's , plural R 22' s , plural R 23 's and plural R 24' s may be the same or different.
- Each of Ar 21 and Ar 22 independently represents an aryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line or a heteroaryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line as one of condensed rings.
- Each of X 21 and X 22 independently is a group selected from a single bond, -O- and -S-.
- L 21 and L 22 each independently represent a C 2-8 alkylene group, a C 5-12 cycloalkylene group, a C 6-20 arylene group, or a C 6-20 hetero. Represents an arylene group.
- m21 and m22 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 10. When m21 and m22 are integers of 2 to 10, the plurality of-[L 21 -X 21 ]-and the plurality of-[X 22 -L 22 ]-may be the same or different.
- R 21 , R 22 , -O- [L 21 -X 21 ] m 21- and- [ X 22 -L 22 ] m 22 -O- may be each independently substituted with a benzene ring enclosed by a broken line or may be substituted with a fused ring other than a benzene ring enclosed by a broken line.
- Y 21 and Y 22 are each independently an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom, and at least one of Y 21 and Y 22 is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom is there.
- Y 21 and Y 22 are preferably each independently a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom, and at least one selected from Y 21 and Y 22 is preferably a nitrogen atom. More preferably, both Y 21 and Y 22 are nitrogen atoms.
- Z is preferably an atom group forming a 5- or 6-membered ring together with Y 21 —CCC—Y 22 , more preferably an atom group forming a 6-membered ring.
- Z is more preferably an atomic group in which a ring-constituting atom is a carbon atom.
- R 21 to R 24 each independently represent a substituent.
- the substituent represented by R 21 to R 24 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an acyl group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group and a hetero
- An aryl group, an alicyclic group, a cyano group, a silyl group etc. can be mentioned.
- the substituents represented by R 21 to R 23 are preferably each independently an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group, and are an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenyl group More preferably, it is a methyl group, a methoxy group or a phenyl group, more preferably a methyl group or a methoxy group.
- R 24 is preferably an alkyl group, a silyl group, an alkoxy group or an aryl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a silyl group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenyl group More preferably, it is a methyl group, a silyl group or a methoxy group.
- a plurality of R 24 may be a group forming a fused ring with a ring to be substituted.
- p to s each independently represent an integer of 0 or more, and represent an integer equal to or less than the maximum number that can be substituted on each ring.
- p to r each independently are preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 3, still more preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and it is preferably 0 or 1. Still more preferably, it is particularly preferably 0.
- s is preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and more preferably an integer of 0 to 2.
- plural R 21 s may be the same or different.
- the plurality of R 21 may be bonded to each other to form a ring, but it is preferable that the plurality of R 21 be bonded to each other to form no ring.
- a plurality of R 22 may be the same or different.
- the plurality of R 22 may be bonded to each other to form a ring, but it is preferable that the plurality of R 22 be bonded to each other to form no ring.
- plural R 23 s may be the same or different.
- the plurality of R 23 may be bonded to each other to form a ring, but it is preferable that the plurality of R 23 be bonded to each other to form no ring.
- the plurality of R 24 may be the same or different, and the plurality of R 24 may be combined with each other to form a ring.
- a plurality of R 24 preferably form a fused ring with the ring to be substituted.
- the fused ring may further have a substituent, and in this case, the substituent mentioned as R 24 can be exemplified as a preferable substituent as the substituent.
- the number of rings forming the fused ring is preferably 4 or less, more preferably 3 or less, Is preferred.
- Ar 21 and Ar 22 each independently represent an aryl group containing a benzene ring enclosed by a broken line or a heteroaryl group containing a benzene ring enclosed by a broken line as one of condensed rings.
- Ar 21 and Ar 22 are preferably each independently an aryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line.
- Ar 21 and Ar 22 each is an aryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line, it is preferably an aryl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms And an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- Ar 21 and Ar 22 each is a heteroaryl group containing a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line as one of the condensed rings, it is preferably a heteroaryl group having 9 to 14 ring members, and 9 to 10 ring members. More preferably, it is a heteroaryl group of The hetero atom constituting the heteroaryl group which may have a substituent Ar 21 and Ar 22 represent include nitrogen atom, oxygen atom, sulfur atom.
- Ar 21 and Ar 22 each independently may be an aryl group consisting of only a benzene ring surrounded by a broken line, and is an aromatic fused ring group containing the benzene ring surrounded by a broken line as one of condensed rings It may be.
- the fused ring of the aromatic fused ring group has aromaticity as a whole of the fused ring.
- L 21 and L 22 each independently represent an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or carbon It represents a heteroarylene group having a number of 6 to 20.
- L 21 and L 22 are each independently preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and still more preferably an ethylene group.
- X 21 and X 22 each independently represent a group selected from a single bond, -O-, and -S-. Among them, X 21 and X 22 are preferably a single bond or -O-.
- m21 and m22 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 10, preferably an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and 0 or 1 It is further preferred that If m21 is an integer of 2 to 10, a plurality of - [L 21 -X 21] - it may be the same or different, when m22 is an integer of 2 to 10, a plurality of - [X 22 - L 22 ]-may be the same or different.
- the unit represented by the general formula (2) is preferably a unit represented by the following general formula (21).
- Y 21 and Y 22 each independently represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, and at least one of Y 21 and Y 22 is a nitrogen atom.
- R 21 and R 22 each independently represent a methyl group or an ethyl group, and R 23 and R 24 each independently represent a substituent.
- p and q each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3
- r represents an integer of 0 to 4
- s represents an integer of 0 to 2
- R 24 when s is 2, a substituent represented by R 24 is And may be bonded to each other to form a fused ring.
- L 21 and L 22 each independently represent an ethylene group or a propylene group.
- m21 and m22 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3.
- a preferred range of Y 21 and Y 22 in the general formula (21) is the same as the preferred range of Y 21 and Y 22 in the general formula (2).
- Y 21 and Y 22 are preferably nitrogen atoms.
- a preferred range of R 23 and R 24 in the general formula (21) is the same as the preferred ranges of R 23 and R 24 in the general formula (2).
- L 21 and L 22 in the general formula (21) each independently represent an ethylene group or a propylene group, preferably an ethylene group.
- M21 and m22 in the general formula (21) each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3, preferably an integer of 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1.
- R represents an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably an integer of 0 to 3, still more preferably an integer of 0 to 2, still more preferably 0 or 1, and 0 Is particularly preferred.
- s represents an integer of 0 to 2; When s is 2, two substituents represented by R 24 may be bonded to each other to form a fused ring.
- the compound used as a precursor may be obtained commercially, and may be manufactured synthetically.
- the compounds to be precursors are produced synthetically, they can be synthesized by known methods and methods described in the examples.
- the unit represented by General formula (3) is a structural unit represented below.
- the unit represented by the general formula (3) is a unit derived from a positive monomer component.
- X 32 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a combination thereof.
- the ring-constituting atom of the cycloalkylene group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom.
- the alkylene group, cycloalkylene group and arylene group which X 32 may represent may have a substituent.
- the carbon number of each group is preferably within the above range, including the carbon number of the substituent.
- the substituent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an acyl group, a hydroxyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, a heteroaryl group and an alicyclic group.
- the carbon atom which comprises an alkylene group may be substituted by an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom
- the ring member atom of a cycloalkylene group may be substituted by an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a nitrogen atom
- X 32 may be a linking group containing the above group, may be a linking group consisting of the above groups, or may be a linking group having a structure in which two or more of the above groups are combined.
- X 32 may be a group in which cycloalkylene groups are linked by a single bond, -O-, -S- or an alkylene group, and arylene groups are a single bond, -O-, -S It may be a group linked by-or an alkylene group, and may be a group linked by a single bond, -O-, -S- or an alkylene group, and a cycloalkylene group and an arylene group.
- X 32 is an alkylene group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms and at least one member selected from an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring and an aromatic ring as a substituent; It is preferable to represent an alkylene group, an arylene group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a combination thereof.
- the ring-constituting atom of the cycloalkylene group may be substituted with an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom.
- said carbon number is carbon number also including carbon number of a substituent, when each group has a substituent.
- X 32 is an alkylene group having at least one selected from an alicyclic ring, a heterocyclic ring and an aromatic ring as a substituent
- the alicyclic ring, the heterocyclic ring and the aromatic ring are preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring
- the cycloalkylene group is preferably a 5- or 6-membered ring.
- the carbon number of the arylene group is preferably 6 to 12.
- the unit represented by General formula (3) is a unit selected from the following structural units.
- R 331 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- r1 is 0 or 1;
- R 332 and R 333 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and
- Z 331 is a linking group represented by any of the following structural formulas.
- * represents a linking site.
- R 331 is preferably a hydrogen atom, and R 332 and R 333 are preferably a hydrogen atom. Further, Z 331 is preferably a linking group represented by the following structural formula.
- the unit represented by the general formula (3) is particularly preferably a unit selected from the following structural units.
- the compound used as a precursor may be obtained commercially, and may be manufactured synthetically.
- the compounds to be precursors are produced synthetically, they can be synthesized by known methods and methods described in the examples.
- the retardation film of the present invention comprises at least one selected from the unit represented by the general formula (1) and the unit represented by the general formula (2), and the unit represented by the general formula (3) And a copolymer containing.
- the retardation film of the present invention may further contain another structural unit as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
- the copolymer may further comprise a polyester oligomer.
- the unit represented by the general formula (1) and the unit represented by the above general formula (2) are preferably contained in an amount of 10 mol% or more, and 20 mol% with respect to all the constituent units of the copolymer It is more preferable that it is contained above.
- the unit represented by the general formula (1) and the unit represented by the general formula (2) are preferably contained in an amount of 80 mol% or less, based on all the constituent units of the copolymer, 70 More preferably, it is contained in an amount of mol% or less.
- the unit represented by the general formula (1) and the unit represented by the general formula (2) may be 60 mol% or less, and 50 mol% with respect to all the constituent units of the copolymer. It may be the following.
- the unit represented by the general formula (1) and the unit represented by the general formula (2) have a sufficiently large wavelength dispersion and a large negative birefringence. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the addition amount of the negative monomer component necessary to express the desired retardation Re (548), and to increase the choice of the unit represented by the general formula (3) which is more versatile. it can. This also makes it possible to suppress the manufacturing cost of the retardation film.
- the unit represented by the general formula (3) is preferably contained in an amount of 20 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, based on all the structural units of the copolymer.
- the unit represented by the general formula (3) is preferably contained in an amount of 90 mol% or less, more preferably 80 mol% or less, based on all the constituent units of the copolymer.
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is preferably 10000 or more, more preferably 20000 or more, and still more preferably 50000 or more.
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer is preferably 200,000 or less, more preferably 100,000 or less.
- the measurement of the molecular weight (mass average molecular weight) of the copolymer in the present invention can be performed using gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Specifically, tetrahydrofuran can be used as a solvent, polystyrene gel can be used, and the molecular weight can be determined using a conversion molecular weight calibration curve previously obtained from the constitutive curve of standard monodispersed polystyrene.
- the measurement conditions of gel permeation chromatography are as follows. Column: Shodex KF801, KF803L, KF800L, KF800D (Showa Denko KK 4 products connected) Column temperature: 40 ° C Sample concentration: 0.5 mass% Detector: RI-2031 plus (made by JASCO) Pump: RI-2080plus (made by JASCO) Flow rate (flow rate): 0.8 ml / min Injection volume: 10 ⁇ l
- the copolymer can be polymerized using known reaction means. For example, it is selected from (a) a condensation method in which phosgene or a phosgene precursor is reacted with at least one selected from dihydric phenol and dihydric phenol, and (b) selected from dihydric phenol and dihydric phenol derivative Examples include transesterification of at least one type using a carbonate precursor such as diester carbonate.
- the phosgene precursor means triphosgene or diphosgene, and in the following, at least one selected from phosgene and a phosgene precursor may be simply referred to as phosgene.
- at least one selected from dihydric phenol and dihydric phenol may be simply referred to as dihydric phenol.
- dihydric phenol it is preferable to use a compound that can be a unit represented by the above-mentioned general formula (1) or general formula (2).
- dihydric phenol it is preferable to use the chlorocarbonic acid compound etc. which can become a unit represented by General formula (1) or General formula (2).
- the compound which can become a unit represented by General formula (3), and the chlorocarbonic acid compound which can become a unit represented by General formula (3) as a derivative of a dihydric phenol or a dihydric phenol.
- a catalyst When the copolymer is polymerized, a catalyst, an end terminator, an antioxidant for dihydric phenol, a heat stabilizer, etc. may be used, as necessary.
- the reaction using the condensation method of reacting phosgene of (a) is a reaction of dihydric phenol with phosgene and is carried out in the presence of an acid binder and an organic solvent.
- an acid binder for example, an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide or an amine compound such as pyridine is used.
- an organic solvent for example, halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride and chlorobenzene are used.
- a catalyst such as tertiary amine such as triethylamine, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide or tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide, a quaternary ammonium compound, a quaternary phosphonium compound or the like for accelerating the reaction. it can. At that time, it is preferable to keep the reaction temperature usually 0 to 40 ° C., the reaction time about 10 minutes to 5 hours, and the pH during the reaction to be 9 or more.
- the reaction using the transesterification method of (b) is a transesterification reaction of dihydric phenol and carbonate ester, and the dihydric phenol and carbonate ester are mixed while heating in the presence of an inert gas, It is carried out by a method of distilling off the alcohol or phenol to be produced.
- the reaction temperature varies depending on the boiling point of the alcohol or phenol to be produced, etc., but is usually in the range of 120 to 350 ° C.
- the pressure of the system is reduced to about 1.3 ⁇ 10 1 to 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 Pa to facilitate distillation of the formed alcohol or phenol.
- the reaction time is usually about 1 to 4 hours.
- an ester such as an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which may have a substituent, an aralkyl group or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms can be mentioned.
- Specific examples include diphenyl carbonate, ditolyl carbonate, bis (chlorophenyl) carbonate, m-cresyl carbonate, dinaphthyl carbonate, bis (diphenyl) carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate and the like, among which diphenyl carbonate It is preferred to use.
- a polymerization catalyst can be used to accelerate the polymerization rate.
- the polymerization catalyst include alkali metal compounds such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium salts of dihydric phenol and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal compounds such as calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, tetramethyl Nitrogen-containing basic compounds such as ammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, trimethylamine and triethylamine, alkoxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, organic acid salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, zinc compounds, boron compounds Aluminum compounds, silicon compounds, germanium compounds, organic tin compounds, lead compounds, osmium compounds, antimony compounds, manganese compounds, titanium compounds, zirconium compounds, etc.
- catalysts used in the ester exchange reaction can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of these polymerization catalysts used is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 to 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 equivalents with respect to 1 mol of the raw material dihydric phenol.
- monofunctional phenols commonly used as a termination agent can be used in the polymerization reaction.
- monofunctional phenols are used as molecular terminators for molecular weight control, and the resulting copolymer is capped with groups based on monofunctional phenols at the end. Excellent thermal stability.
- the present invention is a copolymer comprising at least one of a unit represented by the general formula (1) and a unit represented by the general formula (2), and a unit represented by the general formula (3)
- the present invention relates to a retardation film containing
- the retardation film means a film having birefringence on the entire surface or in part.
- the retardation film of the present invention may be a single layer film or a multilayer film composed of a plurality of layers, but is preferably a single layer film.
- the in-plane retardation at each wavelength of the retardation film satisfies the following conditions. 20 nm ⁇ Re (548) ⁇ 300 nm 0.5 ⁇ Re (446) / Re (548) ⁇ 1.0 1.0 ⁇ Re (629) / Re (548) ⁇ 2.0 However, Re (446), Re (548), and Re (629) represent in-plane retardation at wavelengths of 446 nm, 548 nm, and 629 nm, respectively.
- the retardation film of the present invention When the in-plane retardation at each wavelength of the retardation film satisfies the above conditions, it means that the retardation film of the present invention exhibits reverse wavelength dispersion. That is, the retardation film of the present invention is a retardation film having reverse wavelength dispersion.
- the in-plane retardation at each wavelength can be measured by an ellipsometer (M150, manufactured by JASCO Corporation).
- the in-plane retardation at each wavelength of the retardation film satisfies the following conditions. 50 nm ⁇ Re (548) ⁇ 200 nm 0.6 ⁇ Re (446) / Re (548) ⁇ 0.9 1.0 ⁇ Re (629) / Re (548) ⁇ 1.5
- the retardation film of the present invention is sufficient because it has a unit represented by the above general formula (1) and / or a unit represented by the above general formula (2), and the above general formula (3). Reverse wavelength dispersion can be exhibited. This is because the unit represented by the general formula (1) and the unit represented by the general formula (2) have large negative birefringence and sufficiently large wavelength dispersion.
- the retardation film of the present invention can exhibit sufficient reverse wavelength dispersion, it can be said that adjustment to a desired retardation is easy.
- the unit represented by the general formula (1) and the unit represented by the general formula (2) have a large negative birefringence and a sufficiently large wavelength dispersion, so adjustment to the desired retardation Re (548)
- the amount of the monomer component of the unit represented by the general formula (3) which is more versatile than the unit represented by the general formula (1) and the unit represented by the general formula (2), can be increased. This also makes it possible to suppress the manufacturing cost of the retardation film.
- the present invention is also characterized in that a retardation film having a smaller photoelastic coefficient can be obtained.
- a retardation film having a smaller photoelastic coefficient can be obtained.
- the photoelastic coefficient of the retardation film 0 cm 2 / is preferably N or more and 40 ⁇ 10 -8 cm 2 / N or less, 0 cm 2 / N at 30 ⁇ 10 -8 cm 2 / N or less than It is more preferable that
- the thickness of the retardation film of the present invention is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the retardation film is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the retardation film of this invention can be manufactured by a well-known method using the composition containing the copolymer mentioned above. Specific examples thereof include a casting method in which the copolymer of the present invention is dissolved in a solvent and cast, and then the solvent is removed, and a method in which the copolymer is film-formed without using a solvent. It is not particularly limited.
- a dope solution in which the copolymer is dissolved in an ether solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, an aromatic solvent such as toluene, or a halogen solvent such as methylene chloride can be used.
- the method for producing a retardation film includes a step of applying a composition containing a copolymer onto a substrate, and when applying a composition containing a copolymer onto a substrate, spin coating, air knife coating, A curtain coat method, a roller coat method, a wire bar coat method, a gravure coat method, a die coat method etc. may be mentioned, and it is preferable to use a wire bar coat method.
- the drying step can be performed by a method of heating a substrate having a coating film (coated composition) with a heated hot plate.
- the drying step can also be performed by applying a wind of a predetermined temperature to the coating film.
- a stretching step is preferably provided.
- the film obtained through the drying step is cut out to a predetermined size and uniaxially stretched at the fixed end to produce a stretched film (retardation film).
- the retardation of the retardation film can be measured using a retardation measurement apparatus (KOBRA-WPR manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments).
- a retardation measurement apparatus manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments.
- the retardation film of the present invention can be obtained by stretching a film, and conditions such as stretching method, stretching temperature, stretching ratio, stretching speed, and thermal aging after stretching can be appropriately changed according to the purpose.
- the stretching method include a free end stretching method, a fixed end stretching method, a free end shrinkage method, a fixed end shrinkage method and the like, which may be used alone or may be used simultaneously or sequentially.
- the stretching direction there are horizontal direction, vertical direction, thickness direction, diagonal direction and the like, and it is not particularly limited.
- the stretching temperature is preferably set based on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the film. Specifically, it is preferably Tg-20 ° C. or more, more preferably Tg-10 ° C. or more.
- the stretching temperature is preferably Tg + 30 ° C. or less, more preferably Tg + 20 ° C. or less.
- the draw ratio can be appropriately selected in order to impart the intended optical properties at the desired thickness.
- the stretch ratio is preferably 1.1 times or more, more preferably 1.5 times or more.
- the stretching ratio is preferably 6 times or less, more preferably 4 times or less, More preferably, it is 3 times or less.
- the stretching speed is preferably adjusted appropriately in order to increase the productivity and to suppress an excessively large stretching ratio in order to obtain a desired retardation.
- the stretching rate is preferably adjusted so that the strain rate represented by the following formula is 50% or more, more preferably 100% or more, and preferably 200% or more. Is more preferred.
- the drawing speed in order to suppress the breakage at the time of drawing and to prevent the fluctuation of the optical characteristics under high temperature conditions, it is preferable to adjust the drawing speed so that the strain speed represented by the following formula is 1500% or less It is more preferable to adjust so that it becomes 1000% or less.
- Strain rate (% / min) Stretching speed (mm / min) / Raw film length (mm) ⁇ 100
- the present invention may relate to a laminate having the above-described retardation film.
- the retardation film is used for viewing angle compensation of various displays (liquid crystal display device, organic EL display device, plasma display device, FED field emission display device, SED surface electric field display device), for reflection prevention of external light, color compensation And for conversion of linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light.
- the retardation film of the present invention has ideal retardation characteristics at each wavelength in the visible region, has a small photoelastic coefficient, is excellent in heat resistance and moldability, and has a tendency to have both little coloring and high transparency. Is suitable for use as a 1 ⁇ 4 ⁇ plate, a circularly polarizing plate, an image display device, etc.
- the present invention may also be related to a polarizing plate having the above-described retardation film.
- the manufacturing method of a polarizing plate is not specifically limited, It can manufacture by a general method.
- a polarizing plate is a protective film prepared by adsorbing a dichroic substance such as iodine or a dichroic dye to various films according to a conventionally known method, dyeing, crosslinking, stretching, and drying. Manufactured by laminating.
- the polarizing plate is composed of a polarizer and two protective films protecting both surfaces thereof, and the retardation film of the present invention may be used as at least one of the two protective films. it can.
- the present invention may relate to a liquid crystal display device having the above-described retardation film.
- the liquid crystal display device has the above-described retardation film or polarizing plate of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal cell having a liquid crystal supported between two electrode substrates, two polarizers disposed on both sides thereof, and at least one retardation between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizer. It has the composition which arranged the film.
- the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal cell is usually formed by sealing liquid crystal in a space formed by sandwiching a spacer between two substrates.
- the transparent electrode layer is formed on the substrate as a transparent film containing a conductive substance.
- the liquid crystal cell may further be provided with a gas barrier layer, a hard coat layer or an undercoat layer (used for adhesion of a transparent electrode layer). These layers are usually provided on a substrate.
- the substrate of the liquid crystal cell preferably has a thickness of 50 ⁇ m to 2 mm.
- TN Transmission Nematic
- IPS In-Plane Switching
- FLC Fluoroelectric Liquid Crystal
- AFLC Anti-ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
- OCB Optically Compensatory Bend
- STN Super Twisted Nematic
- Various display modes such as VA (Vertically Aligned), ECB (Electrically Controlled Birefringence), and HAN (Hybrid Aligned Nematic) have been proposed.
- VA Very Aligned
- ECB Electrodefringence
- HAN Hybrid Aligned Nematic
- the liquid crystal display device of the IPS mode is preferably used.
- These liquid crystal display devices may be transmissive, reflective or semi-transmissive.
- composition example 2 290 g of 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone and 204 g of orthophthalaldehyde were dissolved in 1500 mL of methanol. The reaction solution was warmed, and while maintaining at 60 ° C., a solution of 255 g of potassium hydroxide dissolved in 1750 mL of methanol was added dropwise. After stirring for 5 hours, the reaction solution is returned to room temperature, and the precipitated crystals are collected by filtration to obtain 230 g of compound A-2A.
- a copolymer (PC-2) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that compound (A1) in Synthesis Example 1 was replaced with an equimolar amount of compound (A2).
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer (PC-2) was as described in Table 1.
- composition example 3 210 g of compound A3 was obtained using the synthesis method described in JP-A-2015-193809.
- a copolymer (PC-3) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that compound (A1) in Synthesis Example 1 was replaced with an equimolar amount of compound (A3).
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer (PC-3) was as described in Table 1.
- composition example 4 10.0 g (43 mmol) of the compound (A5-1) and 30.0 g (215 mmol) of 2-phenoxyethanol were dissolved in 15 ml of toluene and 12 ml of methanesulfonic acid. The resulting solution was warmed, and 0.16 mL of 3-mercaptopropionic acid was added dropwise while keeping the temperature at 120 ° C. The reaction solution was warmed, and after stirring at 150 ° C. for 2 hours, the reaction solution was returned to room temperature. The upper layer of the two-phase separated organic layer was removed, and 200 ml of ethyl acetate and water were added and stirred.
- the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and recrystallized with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate / hexane. Filtration gave 12 g (25 mmol) of a compound (A5).
- the 1 H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) data of the compound (A5) are as follows. 1 H-NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): ⁇ 3.66 ppm (tt, 4 H), 3.92 ppm (t, 4 H), 4.84 ppm (t, 2 H), 6.85 ppm (d, 4 H); 11 ppm (t, 4 H), 7.57-7. 70 ppm (m, 3 H), 7. 76-7.89 ppm (m, 2 H), 8.04-8. 10 ppm (m, 1 H), 8. 15- 8.25 ppm (m, 2 H)
- a copolymer (PC-4) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that compound (A1) in Synthesis Example 1 was replaced with an equimolar amount of compound (A5).
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer (PC-4) was as described in Table 1.
- composition example 5 24.9 g (51 mmol) of compound (A1), 22.7 g (76.5 mmol) of spiro glycol (SPG), and 102 ml of pyridine were mixed and dissolved at room temperature under a nitrogen stream. After the mixture was heated to about 50 ° C. with stirring, a solution of 18.8 g of triphosgene and 45 g of tetrahydrofuran was slowly added dropwise over 3 hours. At this time, the reaction was carried out by dropwise addition, taking care so that the internal temperature of the temperature in the reaction system is maintained at 50 to 55.degree. After completion of the dropwise addition, stirring was carried out for 1 hour while maintaining the temperature in the reaction system within the above range, and the reaction was allowed to proceed sufficiently.
- SPG spiro glycol
- PC-5 The weight average molecular weight of the copolymer (PC-5) was as described in Table 2.
- Synthesis Example 6 A copolymer (PC-6) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that compound ISS in Synthesis Example 1 was replaced with an equimolar amount of compound CHDM.
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer (PC-6) was as described in Table 2.
- PC-7 The weight average molecular weight of the copolymer (PC-7) was as described in Table 2.
- a copolymer (PCR-1) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that compound (A1) in Synthesis Example 1 was replaced with an equimolar amount (A7).
- the weight average molecular weight of the copolymer (PCR-1) was as described in Table 1.
- Example 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 The copolymers (PC-1) to (PC-10) and (PCR-1) to (PCR-4) obtained in Synthesis Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 to 4 are dissolved in methylene chloride, respectively. A dope solution was made. A cast film was produced by a known method using this dope solution. The obtained film was cut into a size of 100 mm ⁇ 70 mm and used as a sample, and the sample was stretched 2.0 times at 190 ° C. Thus, retardation films of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were obtained.
- ⁇ Photoelastic coefficient> The retardation films obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples are cut out to a size of 3.5 cm ⁇ 12 cm, no load, 250 g, 500 g, 1000 g, and 1500 g of in-plane retardation (Re) at each load of an ellipsometer (Japan).
- the photoelastic coefficient was calculated from the slope of the straight line of Re change with respect to stress, which was measured by Spectroscopic Co., Ltd. (M150).
- the reverse wavelength dispersion of the retardation film is larger as the value of Re (446/548) is smaller and as the value of Re (629/548) is larger.
- the retardation films of Examples 1 to 4 had a reverse wavelength dispersion greater than that of the retardation film of Comparative Example 1.
- Example 5 of the Table 2 with Comparative Example 2 Comparing Example 5 of the Table 2 with Comparative Example 2, Example 6 of the Table 2 with Comparative Example 3, and Example 7 of the Table 2 with Comparative Example 4, the negative monomer component used in the Example is a comparative example.
- the negative monomer component (compound A7) used Compared to the negative monomer component (compound A7) used, the effect of making the reverse wavelength dispersion of Re is large, and the effect of making Re negative is large. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the amount of the negative monomer component necessary to develop the desired reverse wavelength dispersion and retardation Re (548) (for example, 137.5 nm). This means that the compositional ratio of the more versatile positive monomer component than the negative monomer component can be increased.
- the photoelastic coefficient of the retardation film obtained in the examples is 40 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 12 / Pa or less, which is preferable as the retardation film.
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Abstract
Description
位相差フィルムとしては、長波長ほど位相差が大きくなる逆分散フィルムが知られている。逆分散フィルムを構成するフィルムの成分としては、例えばフィルムの延伸方向に対して平行な方向に屈折率を増大させる正の固有複屈折成分(以下、正のモノマー成分ともいう)と、フィルムの延伸方向に対して垂直な方向に屈折率を増大させる負の固有複屈折成分(以下、負のモノマー成分ともいう)がある。可視光の波長領域(約400nm~約800nm)において、正のモノマー成分が示す屈折率が負のモノマー成分が示す屈折率よりも大きく、且つ正のモノマー成分が示す屈折率の波長分散が負のモノマー成分が示す屈折率の波長分散より小さいことで逆分散フィルムとなる。これを達成するには負のモノマー成分が正のモノマー成分よりも長波長側に吸収極大を有することが必要となる。
具体的に、本発明は、以下の構成を有する。
20nm<Re(548)<300nmであり、
0.5<Re(446)/Re(548)<1.0であり、
1.0<Re(629)/Re(548)<2.0である位相差フィルム;
但し、Re(446)、Re(548)、Re(629)は、それぞれ波長446nm、548nm、629nmにおける面内のレタデーションを表す;
R15~R17はそれぞれ独立に置換基を表す;
a~cはそれぞれ独立に、0以上の整数であり、各環に置換可能な最大数以下の整数を表す;a~cが2以上の整数である場合、複数のR15、複数のR16及び複数のR17はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Ar11及びAr12はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含むアリール基又は破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を縮合環のひとつとして含むヘテロアリール基を表す;
L11及びL12はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数が2~8のアルキレン基、炭素数が5~12のシクロアルキレン基、炭素数が6~20のアリーレン基、又は炭素数が6~20のヘテロアリーレン基を表す;
n11及びn12はそれぞれ独立に0~10の整数を表す;n11及びn12が2~10の整数である場合、複数のL11及び複数のL12はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Ar11及びAr12がそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含む芳香族縮合環基である場合は、R15、R16、-O-[L11-O]n11-及び-[O-L12]n12-O-はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環に置換していても、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環以外の縮合環に置換していてもよい;
ZはY21-C=C-Y22とともに5~7員環を形成する原子群であって、環構成原子が炭素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子又は窒素原子からなる原子群を表す;
R21~R24はそれぞれ独立に置換基を表す;
p~sはそれぞれ独立に、0以上の整数であり、各環に置換可能な最大数以下の整数を表す;p~sが2以上の整数である場合、複数のR21、複数のR22、複数のR23及び複数のR24はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Ar21及びAr22はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含むアリール基又は破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を縮合環のひとつとして含むヘテロアリール基を表す;
X21及びX22はそれぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-S-から選ばれる基である。
L21及びL22はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数が2~8のアルキレン基、炭素数が5~12のシクロアルキレン基、炭素数が6~20のアリーレン基、又は炭素数が6~20のヘテロアリーレン基を表す;
m21及びm22はそれぞれ独立に0~10の整数を表す;m21及びm22が2~10の整数である場合、複数の-[L21-X21]-及び複数の-[X22-L22]-
はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Ar21及びAr22がそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含む芳香族縮合環基である場合は、R21、R22、-O-[L21-X21]m21-及び-[X22-L22]m22-O-はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環に置換していても、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環以外の縮合環に置換していてもよい。
[2] 一般式(1)で表される単位が下記一般式(11)で表わされる単位である[1]に記載の位相差フィルム;
R15及びR16はそれぞれ独立にメチル基又はエチル基を表す;
a及びbはそれぞれ独立に0~2の整数を表す;
L11及びL12はそれぞれ独立に、エチレン基又はプロピレン基を表す;
n11及びn12はそれぞれ独立に0~3の整数を表す。
[3] 一般式(2)で表される単位が下記一般式(21)で表わされる単位である[1]又は[2]に記載の位相差フィルム;
R21及びR22はそれぞれ独立にメチル基又はエチル基を表し、R23及びR24はそれぞれ独立に置換基を表す;
p及びqはそれぞれ独立に0~3の整数を表し、rは0~4の整数を表し、sは0~2の整数を表し、sが2の場合、R24で表される置換基は、互いに結合して縮合環を形成してもよい;
L21及びL22はそれぞれ独立に、エチレン基又はプロピレン基を表す;
m21及びm22はそれぞれ独立に0~3の整数を表す。
[4] 一般式(21)において、Y21及びY22は窒素原子である[3]に記載の位相差フィルム。
[5] 一般式(3)において、X32は脂環、複素環及び芳香環から選択される少なくとも1種を置換基として有する炭素数が5~20のアルキレン基、炭素数が4~20のシクロアルキレン基、炭素数が6~20のアリーレン基又はこれらを組み合わせた基を表す[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム;但し、シクロアルキレン基の環構成原子は、酸素原子、硫黄原子又は窒素原子で置換されていてもよい。
[6] 一般式(3)で表される単位が下記構成単位から選択される単位である[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載に位相差フィルム;
[7] 光弾性係数が0cm2/N以上40×10-8cm2/N以下である[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の位相差フィルム。
本発明は、一般式(1)で表される単位及び一般式(2)で表される単位から選択される少なくとも一方と、一般式(3)で表わされる単位と、を含有する共重合体を含む位相差フィルムに関する。
一般式(1)で表される単位は、以下で表される構成単位である。一般式(1)で表される単位は、負のモノマー成分に由来する単位である。
R15~R17はそれぞれ独立に置換基を表す。
a~cはそれぞれ独立に、0以上の整数であり、各環に置換可能な最大数以下の整数を表す。a~cが2以上の整数である場合、複数のR15、複数のR16及び複数のR17はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Ar11及びAr12はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含むアリール基又は破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を縮合環のひとつとして含むヘテロアリール基を表す。
L11及びL12はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数が2~8のアルキレン基、炭素数が5~12のシクロアルキレン基、炭素数が6~20のアリーレン基、又は炭素数が6~20のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。
n11及びn12はそれぞれ独立に0~10の整数を表す。n11及びn12が2~10の整数である場合、複数のL11及び複数のL12はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Ar11及びAr12がそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含む芳香族縮合環基である場合は、R15、R16、-O-[L11-O]n11-及び-[O-L12]n12-O-はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環に置換していても、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環以外の縮合環に置換していてもよい。
なお、ハメットの置換基定数σp値は、-0.20以下であることがより好ましく、-0.25以下であることがさらに好ましい。なお、ハメットの置換基定数σp値の下限値は-0.7であることが好ましい。
σp=Log(Ka/Ka0)=pKa0-pKa
pKa0は、水中25℃における安息香酸の酸解離定数である。pKaは、水中25℃におけるパラ位置換安息香酸の酸解離定数である。なお、上記文献に記載されていないものについては、同文献記載の方法によって求めることが可能である。
R11~R14のうち少なくとも1つを上記のようなアルコキシ基とすることにより、一般式(1)で表される単位の構造がコンパクトになり、且つ一般式(1)で表される単位の波長分散を大きくすることができる。これにより、位相差フィルムの逆波長分散性を大きくすることができる。
bが2以上の整数である場合、複数のR16は同一でも異なっていてもよい。複数のR16は互いに結合して環を形成してもよいが、複数のR16は互いに結合して環を形成していないことが好ましい。
cが2以上の整数である場合、複数のR17は同一でも異なっていてもよい。複数のR17は互いに結合して環を形成してもよいが、複数のR17は互いに結合して環を形成していないことが好ましい。
R15及びR16はそれぞれ独立にメチル基又はエチル基を表す。
a及びbはそれぞれ独立に0~2の整数を表す。
L11及びL12はそれぞれ独立に、エチレン基又はプロピレン基を表す。
n11及びn12はそれぞれ独立に0~3の整数を表す。
一般式(11)におけるR15及びR16はそれぞれ独立に、メチル基であることが好ましい。
一般式(11)におけるL11及びL12はそれぞれ独立に、エチレン基であることが好ましい。
一般式(11)におけるn11及びn12はそれぞれ独立に、0~2の整数であることが好ましく、0又は1であることがより好ましい。
一般式(11)におけるa及びbはそれぞれ独立に、0又は1であることが好ましく、0であることがより好ましい。
ZはY21-C=C-Y22とともに5~7員環を形成する原子群であって、環構成原子が炭素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子又は窒素原子からなる原子群を表す。
R21~R24はそれぞれ独立に置換基を表す。
p~sはそれぞれ独立に、0以上の整数であり、各環に置換可能な最大数以下の整数を表す。p~sが2以上の整数である場合、複数のR21、複数のR22、複数のR23及び複数のR24はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Ar21及びAr22はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含むアリール基又は破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を縮合環のひとつとして含むヘテロアリール基を表す。
X21及びX22はそれぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-S-から選ばれる基である。
L21及びL22はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数が2~8のアルキレン基、炭素数が5~12のシクロアルキレン基、炭素数が6~20のアリーレン基、又は炭素数が6~20のヘテロアリーレン基を表す。
m21及びm22はそれぞれ独立に0~10の整数を表す。m21及びm22が2~10の整数である場合、複数の-[L21-X21]-及び複数の-[X22-L22]-はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい。
Ar21及びAr22がそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含む芳香族縮合環基である場合は、R21、R22、-O-[L21-X21]m21-及び-[X22-L22]m22-O-はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環に置換していても、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環以外の縮合環に置換していてもよい。
R21~R23が表す置換基はそれぞれ独立に、アルキル基、アルコキシ基またはアリール基であることが好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基またはフェニル基であることがより好ましく、メチル基、メトキシ基またはフェニル基であることがさらに好ましく、メチル基又はメトキシ基であることが特に好ましい。
R24はアルキル基、シリル基、アルコキシ基またはアリール基であることが好ましく、炭素数1~5のアルキル基、シリル基、炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基またはフェニル基であることがより好ましく、メチル基、シリル基またはメトキシ基であることがさらに好ましい。また、複数のR24は置換する環と縮合環を形成する基であってもよい。
qが2以上の整数である場合、複数のR22は同一でも異なっていてもよい。複数のR22は互いに結合して環を形成してもよいが、複数のR22は互いに結合して環を形成していないことが好ましい。
rが2以上の整数である場合、複数のR23は同一でも異なっていてもよい。複数のR23は互いに結合して環を形成してもよいが、複数のR23は互いに結合して環を形成していないことが好ましい。
R21及びR22はそれぞれ独立にメチル基又はエチル基を表し、R23及びR24はそれぞれ独立に置換基を表す。
p及びqはそれぞれ独立に0~3の整数を表し、rは0~4の整数を表し、sは0~2の整数を表し、sが2の場合、R24で表される置換基は、互いに結合して縮合環を形成してもよい。
L21及びL22はそれぞれ独立に、エチレン基又はプロピレン基を表す。
m21及びm22はそれぞれ独立に0~3の整数を表す。
一般式(21)におけるR23及びR24の好ましい範囲は、一般式(2)におけるR23及びR24の好ましい範囲と同様である。
X32が脂環、複素環及び芳香環から選択される少なくとも1種を置換基として有するアルキレン基である場合、脂環、複素環及び芳香環は5員環又は6員環であることが好ましい。X32がシクロアルキレン基である場合、シクロアルキレン基は5員環又は6員環であることが好ましい。X32がアリーレン基である場合、アリーレン基の炭素数は6~12であることが好ましい。
本発明の位相差フィルムは、上記一般式(1)で表される単位及び上記一般式(2)で表される単位から選択される少なくとも一方と、上記一般式(3)で表わされる単位と、を含有する共重合体を含む。また、本発明の位相差フィルムは、本発明の効果を奏する限り、さらに別の構成単位を含んでいてもよい。例えば、この共重合体はポリエステルオリゴマーをさらに含んでいても良い。
本発明における共重合体の分子量(質量平均分子量)の測定は、ゲル・パーミエーション・クロマトグラフィー(GPC)を用いて行うことができる。具体的には、テトラヒドロフランを溶媒とし、ポリスチレンゲルを使用し、標準単分散ポリスチレンの構成曲線から予め求められた換算分子量較正曲線を用いて求めることができる。
ゲルパーミエションクロマトグラフイー(GPC)の測定条件は以下のとおりである。
カラム:Shodex KF801、KF803L、KF800L、KF800D(昭和電工(株)製を4本接続して使用する)
カラム温度:40℃
試料濃度:0.5質量%
検出器:RI-2031plus(JASCO製)
ポンプ:RI-2080plus(JASCO製)
流量(流速):0.8ml/min
注入量:10μl
校正曲線:標準ポリスチレンShodex standard ポリスチレン(昭和電工(株)製)Mw=1320~2,500,000迄の10サンプルによる校正曲線を使用する。
共重合体は、公知の反応手段を用いて重合することができる。例えば、(a)二価フェノール及び二価フェノールの誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種にホスゲンまたはホスゲン前駆体を反応させる縮合方法や、(b)二価フェノール及び二価フェノールの誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種を炭酸ジエステルなどのカーボネート前駆物質を用いてエステル交換する方法などが挙げられる。なお、ホスゲン前駆体とは、トリホスゲンやジホスゲンを意味し、以下ではホスゲン及びホスゲン前駆体から選択される少なくとも1種を単に、ホスゲンということもある。また、二価フェノール及び二価フェノールの誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種を単に、二価フェノールということもある。
本発明は、一般式(1)で表される単位及び一般式(2)で表される単位から選択される少なくとも一方と、一般式(3)で表わされる単位と、を含有する共重合体を含む位相差フィルムに関する。本明細書において、位相差フィルムとは、全面または一部に複屈折性を有するフィルムを意味する。本発明の位相差フィルムは、単層フィルムでもよいし、複数の層からなる多層フィルムでもよいが、単層フィルムであることが好ましい。
20nm<Re(548)<300nm
0.5<Re(446)/Re(548)<1.0
1.0<Re(629)/Re(548)<2.0
但し、Re(446)、Re(548)、Re(629)は、それぞれ波長446nm、548nm、629nmにおける面内のレタデーションを表す。
なお、各波長における面内レタデーションは、エリプソメーター(日本分光(株)製、M150)により測定することができる。
50nm<Re(548)<200nm
0.6<Re(446)/Re(548)<0.9
1.0<Re(629)/Re(548)<1.5
本発明の位相差フィルムは、上述した共重合体を含む組成物を用いて、公知の方法で製造することができる。具体的には、本発明の共重合体を溶媒に溶解させてキャストした後、溶媒を除去する流延法や、共重合体を溶媒を用いず溶融製膜する方法を挙げることができるが、特に限定されない。例えば、流延法では、共重合体をテトラヒドロフランなどのエーテル系溶媒やトルエンなどの芳香族系溶媒、メチレンクロライドなどのハロゲン系溶媒に溶解させたドープ溶液を用いることができる。位相差フィルムの製造方法は、共重合体を含む組成物を基板上に塗布する工程を含み、共重合体を含む組成物を基板上に塗布する際には、スピンコート、エアーナイフコート法、カーテンコート法、ローラーコート法、ワイヤーバーコート法、グラビアコート法、ダイコート法等が挙げられ、ワイヤーバーコート法を用いることが好ましい。
延伸方法としては、自由端延伸法、固定端延伸法、自由端収縮法、固定端収縮法等が挙げられ、単独で用いても、同時もしくは逐次で用いてもよい。また、延伸方向に関しても、水平方向・垂直方向・厚さ方向、対角方向等があり、特に限定されない。
延伸温度は、一般的にフィルムのガラス転移温度(Tg)を基準に設定することが好ましい。具体的には、Tg-20℃以上であることが好ましく、Tg-10℃以上であることがより好ましい。また、延伸温度は、Tg+30℃以下であることが好ましく、Tg+20℃以下であることがより好ましい。このような条件を選択することによって、位相差フィルムにおける位相差値が均一になり易く、かつ、位相差フィルムが白濁しにくくなる。
歪み速度(%/分)= 延伸速度(mm/分)/原反フィルムの長さ(mm)×100
本発明は、上述した位相差フィルムを有する積層体に関するものであってもよい。例えば、位相差フィルムは、各種ディスプレイ(液晶表示装置、有機EL表示装置、プラズマ表示装置、FED電界放出表示装置、SED表面電界表示装置)の視野角補償用、外光の反射防止用、色補償用、直線偏光の円偏光への変換用などに用いることができる。本発明の位相差フィルムは、可視領域の各波長において理想的な位相差特性を備え、光弾性係数が小さく、耐熱性および成形性にも優れ、さらに着色が少なく高い透明性を兼ね備えている傾向があるため、1/4λ板、円偏光板、画像表示装置等に好適である。
液晶表示装置は、二枚の電極基板の間に液晶を担持してなる液晶セル、その両側に配置された二枚の偏光子、および液晶セルと偏光子との間に少なくとも一枚の位相差フィルムを配置した構成を有している。液晶セルの液晶層は、通常は、二枚の基板の間にスペーサーを挟み込んで形成した空間に液晶を封入して形成する。透明電極層は、導電性物質を含む透明な膜として基板上に形成する。液晶セルには、さらにガスバリアー層、ハードコート層あるいは(透明電極層の接着に用いる)アンダーコート層(下塗り層)を設けてもよい。これらの層は、通常、基板上に設けられる。液晶セルの基板は、好ましくは50μm~2mmの厚さを有する。
2,3-ベンゾフルオレノン9.0g、フェノキシエタノール8.6gを、トルエン2.0gに懸濁させ、3-メルカプトプロピオン酸0.07gを加えた。硫酸を3.6g滴下し、65℃にて16時間攪拌し、メタノールを0.64g加え、1時間撹拌後、水12.0gを加え室温に戻し、上清を取り除いた。残渣をカラムクロマトグラフィーで精製することにより、化合物(A1)を5.0g得た。
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.68ppm(tt、4H)、3.91ppm(t,4H)、4.82ppm(t,2H)、6.85ppm(d,4H)、7.09ppm(d,4H)、7.31-7.52ppm(m,5H)、7.85―7.92ppm(m,2H)、7.95ppm(d,1H)、8.05ppm(d,1H)、8.41ppm(s,1H)
5,6-ジメトキシ-1-インダノン290gと、オルトフタルアルデヒド204gを1500mLのメタノールに溶解させた。反応溶液を加温し、60℃に保ちつつ、水酸化カリウム255gをメタノール1750mLに溶解させたものを滴下した。5時間攪拌した後、反応溶液を室温に戻し、析出した結晶を濾取することにより、化合物A-2Aを230g得た。
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.64-3.77ppm(m、7H)、3.89-3.96ppm(m,7H)、4.84ppm(t,2H)、6.85ppm(d,4H)、6.91ppm(s,1H)、7.10ppm(d,4H)、7.38-7.50ppm(m,2H)、7.67ppm(s,1H)、7.78ppm(s,1H)、7.83ppm(d、1H)、7.92ppm(d、1H)、8.30ppm(s,1H)
化合物(A5-1)10.0g(43mmol)と、2-フェノキシエタノール30.0g(215mmol)を、トルエン15mlとメタンスルホン酸12mlに溶解させた。得られた溶液を加温し、120℃に保ちつつ、3-メルカプトプロピオン酸0.16mLを滴下した。反応溶液を加温し、150℃にて2時間攪拌後、反応溶液を室温に戻した。二相分離した有機層の上層を除去し、酢酸エチル200mlおよび水を加えて攪拌した。析出した結晶を濾取し、酢酸エチル/ヘキサン混合溶媒にて再結晶を行った。ろ過することで化合物(A5)を12g(25mmol)得た。化合物(A5)の1H-NMR(nuclear magnetic resonance)データは下記の通りであった。
1H-NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6):δ3.66ppm(tt、4H)、3.92ppm(t,4H)、4.84ppm(t,2H)、6.85ppm(d,4H)、7.11ppm(t,4H)、7.57-7.70ppm(m,3H)、7.76―7.89ppm(m,2H)、8.04-8.10ppm(m,1H)、8.15-8.25ppm(m,2H)
化合物(A1)24.9g(51mmol)、スピログリコール(SPG)22.7g(76.5mmol)、ピリジン102mlを混合し、窒素気流下において室温で溶解させた。混合物を撹拌しながら約50℃まで昇温した後、トリホスゲン18.8gとテトラヒドロフラン45gの溶液を3時間かけてゆっくり滴下した。この際、反応系内の温度の内温が50~55℃に保たれるように注意しながら滴下し、反応を行った。滴下終了後、反応系内の温度を上記範囲に保ちながらさらに1時間撹拌を行い、反応を十分に進行させた。反応終了後、水75mlをゆっくり滴下し、未反応のトリホスゲンを分解した。この反応液を3.5mol/Lの塩酸水300ml中に静かに注ぎ、固形物を得た。得られた固形物を300mlのメタノールに移し、ホモミキサーを用いて粉砕洗浄を行うという工程を2回繰り返し、さらに500mlの水で固形物を洗浄した。固形物をテトラヒドロフランで溶解し、ホモミキサーにて強撹拌しているメタノール溶媒中に添加することで再沈殿させた。沈殿物をろ別し、洗浄した固形物にメタノールをかけることでかけ洗いをした後、窒素雰囲気下で乾燥することで、共重合体(PC―5)43.0gを得た。共重合体(PC-5)の重量平均分子量は表2に記載の通りであった。
合成例1における化合物ISSを、等モル量の化合物CHDMに置き換えた以外は、合成例1と同様の操作を行い、共重合体(PC-6)を得た。共重合体(PC-6)の重量平均分子量は表2に記載の通りであった。
化合物(A1)43.6g(89.2mmol)、ビスフェノールA(BISA)8.7g(38.2mmol)、ピリジン102mlを混合し、窒素気流下において室温で溶解させた。混合物を撹拌しながら約50℃まで昇温した後、トリホスゲン18.8gとテトラヒドロフラン45gの溶液を3時間かけてゆっくり滴下した。この際、反応系内の温度の内温が50~55℃に保たれるように注意しながら滴下し、反応を行った。滴下終了後、反応系内の温度を上記範囲に保ちながらさらに1時間撹拌を行い、反応を十分に進行させた。反応終了後、水75mlをゆっくり滴下し、未反応のトリホスゲンを分解した。この反応液を3.5mol/Lの塩酸水300ml中に静かに注ぎ、固形物を得た。得られた固形物を300mlのメタノールに移し、ホモミキサーを用いて粉砕洗浄を行うという工程を2回繰り返し、さらに500mlの水で固形物を洗浄した。固形物をテトラヒドロフランで溶解し、ホモミキサーにて強撹拌しているメタノール溶媒中に添加することで再沈殿させた。沈殿物をろ別し、洗浄した固形物にメタノールをかけることでかけ洗いをした後、窒素雰囲気下で乾燥することで、共重合体(PC-7)45.2gを得た。共重合体(PC-7)の重量平均分子量は表2に記載の通りであった。
化合物(A1)16.6g(34mmol)、イソソルビド(ISS)7.4g(51mmol)、ピリジン68mlを混合し、窒素気流下において室温で溶解させた。混合物を撹拌しながら約50℃まで昇温した後、トリホスゲン12.5gと1,2-ジクロロエタン30gの溶液を3時間かけてゆっくり滴下した。この際、反応系内の温度の内温が50~55℃に保たれるように注意しながら滴下し、反応を行った。滴下終了後、反応系内の温度を上記範囲に保ちながらさらに1時間撹拌を行い、反応を十分に進行させた。反応終了後、水50mlをゆっくり滴下し、未反応のトリホスゲンを分解した。この反応液を3.5mol/Lの塩酸水200ml中に静かに注ぎ、固形物を得た。得られた固形物を200mlのメタノールに移し、ホモミキサーを用いて粉砕洗浄を行うという工程を2回繰り返し、さらに300mlの水で固形物を洗浄した。固形物をテトラヒドロフランで溶解し、ホモミキサーにて強撹拌しているメタノール溶媒中に添加することで再沈殿させた。沈殿物をろ別し、洗浄した固形物にメタノールをかけることでかけ洗いをした後、窒素雰囲気下で乾燥することで、共重合体(PC-8)21.0gを得た。共重合体(PC-8)の重量平均分子量は表3に記載の通りであった。
化合物(A5)13.8g(28.1mmol)、イソソルビド(ISS)8.3g(57.0mmol)、ピリジン68mlを混合し、窒素気流下において室温で溶解させた。混合物を撹拌しながら約50℃まで昇温した後、トリホスゲン12.5gと1,2-ジクロロエタン30gの溶液を3時間かけてゆっくり滴下した。この際、反応系内の温度の内温が50~55℃に保たれるように注意しながら滴下し、反応を行った。滴下終了後、反応系内の温度を上記範囲に保ちながらさらに1時間撹拌を行い、反応を十分に進行させた。反応終了後、水50mlをゆっくり滴下し、未反応のトリホスゲンを分解した。この反応液を3.5mol/Lの塩酸水200ml中に静かに注ぎ、固形物を得た。得られた固形物を200mlのメタノールに移し、ホモミキサーを用いて粉砕洗浄を行うという工程を2回繰り返し、さらに300mlの水で固形物をスラリー洗浄した。固形物をテトラヒドロフランで溶解し、ホモミキサーにて強撹拌しているメタノール溶媒中に添加することで再沈殿させた。沈殿物をろ別し、洗浄した固形物にメタノールをかけることでかけ洗いをした後、窒素雰囲気下で乾燥することで、共重合体(PC-9)20.5gを得た。共重合体(PC-9)の重量平均分子量は表3に記載の通りであった。
化合物(A1)8.3g(17.0mmol)、化合物(A2)7.0g(12.8mmol)、イソソルビド(ISS)8.1g(55.3mmol)、ピリジン68mlを混合し、窒素気流下において室温で溶解させた。混合物を撹拌しながら約50℃まで昇温した後、トリホスゲン12.5gと1,2-ジクロロエタン30gの溶液を3時間かけてゆっくり滴下した。この際、反応系内の温度の内温が50~55℃に保たれるように注意しながら滴下し、反応を行った。滴下終了後、反応系内の温度を上記範囲に保ちながらさらに1時間撹拌を行い、反応を十分に進行させた。反応終了後、水50mlをゆっくり滴下し、未反応のトリホスゲンを分解した。この反応液を3.5mol/Lの塩酸水200ml中に静かに注ぎ、固形物を得た。得られた固形物を200mlのメタノールに移し、ホモミキサーを用いて粉砕洗浄を行うという工程を2回繰り返し、さらに300mlの水で固形物を洗浄した。固形物をテトラヒドロフランで溶解し、ホモミキサーにて強撹拌しているメタノール溶媒中に添加することで再沈殿させた。沈殿物をろ別し、洗浄した固形物にメタノールをかけることでかけ洗いをした後、窒素雰囲気下で乾燥することで、共重合体(PC-10)22.0gを得た。共重合体(PC-10)の重量平均分子量は表3に記載の通りであった。
合成例5における化合物(A1)を、等モル量の化合物(A7)に置き換えた以外は、合成例5と同様の操作を行い、共重合体(PCR-2)を得た。共重合体(PCR-2)の重量平均分子量は表2に記載の通りであった。
合成例6における化合物(A1)を、等モル量の化合物(A7)に置き換えた以外は、合成例6と同様の操作を行い、共重合体(PCR-3)を得た。共重合体(PCR-3)の重量平均分子量は表2に記載の通りであった。
合成例7における化合物(A1)を、等モル量の化合物(A7)に置き換えた以外は、合成例7と同様の操作を行い、共重合体(PCR-4)を得た。共重合体(PCR-4)の重量平均分子量は表2に記載の通りであった。
合成例1~10、比較合成例1~4で得られた共重合体(PC-1)~(PC-10)及び(PCR-1)~(PCR-4)をそれぞれメチレンクロライドに溶解させ、ドープ溶液を作製した。このドープ溶液を用いて公知の方法でキャストフィルムを作製した。得られたフィルムを100mm×70mmのサイズに切り出しサンプルとし、そのサンプルを190℃にて2.0倍に延伸した。このようにして、実施例1~10及び比較例1~4の位相差フィルムを得た。
<面内のレタデーション(Re)>
実施例及び比較例で得られた位相差フィルムの位相差をそれぞれ、エリプソメーター(日本分光(株)製、M150)で測定し、446nmにおける面内のレタデーション(Re(446))と、548nmにおける面内のレタデーション(Re(548))の比(Re(446/548))、及び、629nmにおける面内のレタデーション(Re(629))と、550nmにおける面内のレタデーション(Re(548))の比(Re(629/548))を算出した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた位相差フィルムを3.5cm×12cmのサイズに切り出し、荷重無し、250g、500g、1000g、1500gのそれぞれの荷重における面内のレタデーション(Re)をエリプソメーター(日本分光(株)製、M150)で測定し、応力に対するRe変化の直線の傾きから、光弾性係数を算出した。
Claims (7)
- 下記一般式(1)で表される単位及び下記一般式(2)で表される単位から選択される少なくとも一方と、下記一般式(3)で表わされる単位と、を含有する共重合体を含み、
20nm<Re(548)<300nmであり、
0.5<Re(446)/Re(548)<1.0であり、
1.0<Re(629)/Re(548)<2.0である位相差フィルム;
但し、Re(446)、Re(548)、Re(629)は、それぞれ波長446nm、548nm、629nmにおける面内のレタデーションを表す;
R15~R17はそれぞれ独立に置換基を表す;
a~cはそれぞれ独立に、0以上の整数であり、各環に置換可能な最大数以下の整数を表す;a~cが2以上の整数である場合、複数のR15、複数のR16及び複数のR17はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Ar11及びAr12はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含むアリール基又は破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を縮合環のひとつとして含むヘテロアリール基を表す;
L11及びL12はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数が2~8のアルキレン基、炭素数が5~12のシクロアルキレン基、炭素数が6~20のアリーレン基、又は炭素数が6~20のヘテロアリーレン基を表す;
n11及びn12はそれぞれ独立に0~10の整数を表す;n11及びn12が2~10の整数である場合、複数のL11及び複数のL12はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Ar11及びAr12がそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含む芳香族縮合環基である場合は、R15、R16、-O-[L11-O]n11-及び-[O-L12]n12-O-はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環に置換していても、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環以外の縮合環に置換していてもよい;
ZはY21-C=C-Y22とともに5~7員環を形成する原子群であって、環構成原子が炭素原子、酸素原子、硫黄原子又は窒素原子からなる原子群を表す;
R21~R24はそれぞれ独立に置換基を表す;
p~sはそれぞれ独立に、0以上の整数であり、各環に置換可能な最大数以下の整数を表す;p~sが2以上の整数である場合、複数のR21、複数のR22、複数のR23及び複数のR24はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Ar21及びAr22はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含むアリール基又は破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を縮合環のひとつとして含むヘテロアリール基を表す;
X21及びX22はそれぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-S-から選ばれる基である。
L21及びL22はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数が2~8のアルキレン基、炭素数が5~12のシクロアルキレン基、炭素数が6~20のアリーレン基、又は炭素数が6~20のヘテロアリーレン基を表す;
m21及びm22はそれぞれ独立に0~10の整数を表す;m21及びm22が2~10の整数である場合、複数の-[L21-X21]-及び複数の-[X22-L22]-はそれぞれ同一でも異なっていてもよい;
Ar21及びAr22がそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環を含む芳香族縮合環基である場合は、R21、R22、-O-[L21-X21]m21-及び-[X22-L22]m22-O-はそれぞれ独立に、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環に置換していても、破線で囲まれたベンゼン環以外の縮合環に置換していてもよい。
- 前記一般式(1)で表される単位が下記一般式(11)で表わされる単位である請求項1に記載の位相差フィルム;
R15及びR16はそれぞれ独立にメチル基又はエチル基を表す;
a及びbはそれぞれ独立に0~2の整数を表す;
L11及びL12はそれぞれ独立に、エチレン基又はプロピレン基を表す;
n11及びn12はそれぞれ独立に0~3の整数を表す。 - 前記一般式(2)で表される単位が下記一般式(21)で表わされる単位である請求項1又は2に記載の位相差フィルム;
R21及びR22はそれぞれ独立にメチル基又はエチル基を表し、R23及びR24はそれぞれ独立に置換基を表す;
p及びqはそれぞれ独立に0~3の整数を表し、rは0~4の整数を表し、sは0~2の整数を表し、sが2の場合、R24で表される置換基は、互いに結合して縮合環を形成してもよい;
L21及びL22はそれぞれ独立に、エチレン基又はプロピレン基を表す;
m21及びm22はそれぞれ独立に0~3の整数を表す。 - 前記一般式(21)において、Y21及びY22は窒素原子である請求項3に記載の位相差フィルム。
- 前記一般式(3)において、X32は脂環、複素環及び芳香環から選択される少なくとも1種を置換基として有する炭素数が5~20のアルキレン基、炭素数が4~20のシクロアルキレン基、炭素数が6~20のアリーレン基又はこれらを組み合わせた基を表す請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の位相差フィルム;但し、シクロアルキレン基の環構成原子は、酸素原子、硫黄原子又は窒素原子で置換されていてもよい。
- 光弾性係数が0cm2/N以上40×10-8cm2/N以下である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の位相差フィルム。
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