WO2018230262A1 - 超高感度マイクロ磁気センサ - Google Patents
超高感度マイクロ磁気センサ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018230262A1 WO2018230262A1 PCT/JP2018/019392 JP2018019392W WO2018230262A1 WO 2018230262 A1 WO2018230262 A1 WO 2018230262A1 JP 2018019392 W JP2018019392 W JP 2018019392W WO 2018230262 A1 WO2018230262 A1 WO 2018230262A1
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000005381 magnetic domain Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910019230 CoFeSiB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000808 amorphous metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/07—Hall effect devices
- G01R33/072—Constructional adaptation of the sensor to specific applications
- G01R33/075—Hall devices configured for spinning current measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
- G01R33/1284—Spin resolved measurements; Influencing spins during measurements, e.g. in spintronics devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/82—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by variation of the magnetic field applied to the device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
- H10N50/80—Constructional details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/06—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using galvano-magnetic devices
- G01R33/063—Magneto-impedance sensors; Nanocristallin sensors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for improving sensitivity characteristics of a GSR sensor by employing rising pulse detection.
- the GSR sensor is an ultrasensitive micromagnetic sensor based on an ultrafast spin rotation effect (English notation; GHz Spin Rotation effect).
- High-sensitivity micro magnetic sensors include horizontal FG sensors, vertical FG sensors, Hall sensors, GMR sensors, TMR sensors, MI sensors, GSR sensors, and high frequency carrier sensors.
- these sensors are widely used in smartphones, automobiles, medicine, robots and the like.
- the GSR sensor is excellent in sensitivity and size, and has attracted the most attention.
- GSR sensor detection There are two methods of GSR sensor detection: rising pulse detection and falling pulse detection.
- the former has about 2.5 times higher magnetic field sensitivity than the latter, and can reduce the power consumption by shortening the pulse time, but the linearity is about 1-2%, which is lower than the latter 0.5%.
- An object of the present invention is to bring out the advantages of rising pulse detection by setting the linearity of rising pulse detection to 0.5% or less.
- the coil output voltage (hereinafter referred to as coil voltage) of the GSR sensor is composed of two voltages, an induced voltage (referred to as a voltage) that depends on the pulse current and a voltage that depends on an external magnetic field (referred to as voltage b). Yes.
- a voltage an induced voltage
- voltage b a voltage that depends on an external magnetic field
- the two pulse peaks are closer to each other in the case of the falling pulse detection, and are strongly influenced by the pulse current.
- the pulse time can be reduced to 1 ns (1 nanosecond) or less because detection is performed simultaneously with the rising edge.
- falling pulse detection since it is necessary to perform falling pulse detection after the rising coil voltage has been attenuated, it is necessary to maintain a pulse time of about 10 ns. Therefore, if rising pulse detection is employed, the pulse current consumption can be reduced to 1/10 or less.
- the coil voltage of the element composed of two magnetic wires of the present invention is twice that of the element composed of one magnetic wire.
- the coil voltage for rising pulse detection is 2.5 times the coil voltage for falling pulse detection (FIG. 10).
- the GSR sensor described in Patent Document 1 five times the coil voltage can be obtained in the case of elements of the same size.
- Vs is a coil voltage
- Vo is a wire constant
- L is the length of the wire
- D is the diameter of the wire
- P is the skin depth of the pulse current
- Nc is the number of turns of the coil
- f is the pulse frequency
- H is the external magnetic field
- Hm is the external magnetic field strength at which the coil output voltage has the maximum value.
- H can be obtained from the equation (3).
- V ′ varies linearly with respect to the magnetic field H from ⁇ Hm to + Hm.
- the measurement range is Hm, which is about 4 times larger than when no inverse sine conversion is performed.
- the linearity is less than 0.5% which is the deviation amount of the falling pulse of the GSR sensor. It was confirmed that it was excellent at 2% (FIG. 12).
- the GSR sensor strengthens the electromagnetic coupling between the magnetic wire and the coil by setting the distance between the magnetic wire and the coil inner diameter to 3 ⁇ m or less. In the present invention, the same relationship is maintained except for two magnetic wires.
- the same circuit as the electronic circuit described in Patent Document 1 is employed as the electronic circuit.
- the conversion frequency of the pulse current applied to the magnetic wire is 0.2 GHz to 4 GHz, and the strength of the pulse current is the strength necessary to generate a circumferential magnetic field 1.5 times or more of the anisotropic magnetic field on the surface of the magnetic wire.
- the coil voltage generated at the time of pulse energization is sent to the sample hold circuit via the pulse corresponding buffer circuit. When the number of turns Nc of the coil is small, it can be sent directly to the sample and hold circuit.
- the rise pulse is detected by an electronic switch, but the detection timing is at the peak timing of the coil output waveform. Since the a voltage does not exist, the temporal timing of the peak voltage does not depend on the magnetic field H and is constant. However, since the peak timing time changes depending on the magnetic field H when the voltage a is present, it cannot be strictly matched with the peak timing of the coil output waveform. This is the cause of non-linearity.
- the capacitor capacity of the sample and hold circuit is 4 pF to 100 pF. Desirably, the on-off of the electronic switch is as fine as possible, and the capacitance of the capacitor is reduced to 4 pF to 8 pF. As a result, the peak timing voltage is held in the capacitor as an instantaneous voltage value. The held capacitor voltage is output via a programming amplifier.
- Rising pulse detection type GSR sensor can achieve magnetic field detection sensitivity 5 times and pulse power consumption of 1/10 or less with the same element size, greatly reducing the size of magnetic sensors equipped with motion devices in vivo. Make it possible.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the GSR sensor element taken along line A1-A2 in FIG. It is an electronic circuit diagram in an embodiment and an example.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between pulse time and application of pulse current in the embodiment and examples.
- FIG. 6 is a waveform diagram of coil voltage when a pulse current is applied in the embodiment and examples. It is an output waveform figure in an embodiment and an example.
- FIG. 4 is a relationship diagram between an external magnetic field H and an impedance Z.
- FIG. 3 is an output diagram of coil voltages for rising pulse detection and falling pulse detection in one and two magnetic wires. It is explanatory drawing of the linearity P in the relationship between the change of an external magnetic field, and an output.
- FIG. 4 is a relationship diagram between a magnetic field Hx and a deviation amount in a rising pulse of a GSR sensor.
- Embodiments of the present invention are as follows. Note that one or two or more configurations arbitrarily selected from the present specification can be added to the configuration of the present invention. Which embodiment is best depends on the object and the required characteristics.
- the GSR sensor which is an ultra-sensitive micro magnetic sensor of the present invention
- Two magnetic wires for magnetic field detection having electrical conductivity are arranged close to each other on the substrate, and a winding coil with two magnetic wires wound together, two electrodes for wire conduction, and two electrodes for coil voltage detection are installed.
- the magnetic wire has an anisotropic magnetic field of 20 G or less and has a two-phase magnetic domain structure of a surface magnetic domain having a circumferential spin arrangement and a central core magnetic domain having an axial spin arrangement.
- the pulse current applied to the magnetic wire has a frequency of 0.2 GHz to 4.0 GHz and a current intensity higher than that required to generate a circumferential magnetic field 1.5 times or more of the anisotropic magnetic field on the wire surface.
- the coil has a coil pitch of 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the average coil inner diameter is preferably 35 ⁇ m or less.
- the GSR sensor which is an ultra-sensitive micro magnetic sensor of the present invention is By applying a pulse current to the magnetic wire, the circumferential spins tilted in the axial direction by the magnetic field in the axial direction of the wire in the surface magnetic domain are simultaneously rotated at a high speed, and the wire is caused by the ultra-high speed spin rotation phenomenon that occurs at that time. Only the magnetization change in the axial direction is taken out as a coil output and converted into the magnetic field H using the relational expression (1).
- Vs Vo ⁇ 2L ⁇ ⁇ D ⁇ p ⁇ Nc ⁇ f ⁇ sin ( ⁇ H / 2Hm) (1)
- Vs is a coil output voltage
- Vo is a proportional constant
- a control factor constant is L: wire length
- D wire diameter
- p skin depth of pulse current
- Nc number of coil turns
- Hm is the external magnetic field strength when the coil output voltage takes the maximum value.
- the electronic circuit of the GSR sensor which is an ultra-sensitive micro magnetic sensor of the present invention
- a pulse transmission circuit for transmitting a pulse current an input circuit for inputting a coil voltage, a buffer circuit corresponding to a pulse, an electronic switch for detecting a peak voltage of an output waveform of the coil voltage, and a capacitor having a capacity of 4 to 100 pF for storing the peak voltage
- AD analog-digital
- a GSR sensor element (hereinafter referred to as element) 1 includes two magnetic wires (21 and 22) on a substrate 10, one coil 3 that circulates the two magnetic wires, and two electrodes for wire conduction. (24 and 25) and two electrodes (33 and 34) for detecting the coil voltage, a connecting portion between the magnetic wire and the wire energizing electrode, and a connecting portion between the coil and the coil voltage detecting electrode.
- the element 1 comprises means 23 for applying a reverse pulse current to two magnetic wires (21 and 22). And it is comprised from the circuit 5 which detects the coil voltage which arises when a pulse current is sent, and the means to convert a coil voltage into an external magnetic field.
- the external magnetic field H and the coil voltage Vs are expressed by a mathematical relationship such as the above equation (1).
- the structure of the element 1 is as shown in FIGS.
- the size of the element 1 is the width of 0.07 mm to 0.4 mm and the length of 0.25 mm to 1 mm, which are the size of the substrate 10.
- a groove having a width of 20 to 60 ⁇ m and a depth of 2 to 20 ⁇ m is formed in the substrate 10 so that two magnetic wires (21 and 22) can be arranged in parallel.
- the two magnetic wires (21 and 22) are close to each other, and the distance between the magnetic wires is 1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the magnetic wires (21 and 22) are separated from each other by an insulating material, for example, an insulating separation wall is provided. preferable.
- the magnetic wire 2 is a CoFeSiB amorphous alloy having a diameter of 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the periphery of the magnetic wire 2 is preferably covered with an insulating material such as insulating glass.
- the length is 0.07 to 1.0 mm.
- the anisotropic magnetic field of the magnetic wire 2 is 20 G or less, and has a two-phase magnetic domain structure of a surface magnetic domain having a circumferential spin arrangement and a central core magnetic domain having an axial spin arrangement.
- the coil 3 preferably has 6 to 180 coil turns and a coil pitch of 5 ⁇ m.
- the distance between the coil 3 and the magnetic wire 2 is preferably 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the average inner diameter of the coil is preferably 10 to 35 ⁇ m.
- Electrode wiring is performed on the lower coil 31 and the substrate surface along the groove 11 formed in the substrate 10. Thereafter, an insulating separation wall 41 is formed at the center of the groove 11 to form two grooves, and two glass-coated magnetic wires 21 and 22 are arranged and arranged there. Next, an insulating resist is applied to the entire surface of the substrate. Thus, the magnetic wires 21 and 22 are fixed in the groove 11. During this application, the upper portions of the magnetic wires 21 and 22 are applied thinly. The upper coil 32 is formed there by photolithography. In addition, when using the magnetic wire 2 which is not glass-coated, it is applying the insulating material 4 beforehand so that the lower coil 31 and the magnetic wires 21 and 22 may not make an electrical contact.
- a concave lower coil 31 is formed along the groove surface of the groove 11 formed in the substrate 10 and both sides of the groove 11.
- the convex upper coil 32 is electrically joined to the lower coil via the joint portion 33 to form a spiral coil 3.
- the insulating coating glass is removed so that electrical connection can be made by metal vapor deposition.
- the wire input electrode (+) 24 is connected to the upper part of the magnetic wire 21, and the lower part of the magnetic wire 21 is connected to the lower part of the magnetic wire 22 via the wire connecting portion 23. Connected with.
- the upper part of the magnetic wire 22 is connected to the wire output electrode ( ⁇ ) 25.
- the coil output electrode (+) 33 is connected to the lower end portion of the coil 3, and the upper end portion of the coil 3 is connected to the coil ground electrode (-) 34.
- the electronic circuit 5 includes a pulse transmission circuit 51 for transmitting a pulse current, an input circuit 53 for inputting a coil voltage, a pulse-compatible buffer circuit 54, an electronic switch 56 for detecting the peak voltage of the output waveform of the coil voltage, and holding the peak voltage. Amplification is performed by a sample-and-hold circuit composed of a 4 to 100 pF capacitor and a programming amplifier of the amplifier 58 to perform AD conversion. Further, a GSR sensor element that outputs a coil voltage of the electronic circuit 5 is connected.
- the conversion frequency of the pulse current is 0.2 to 4 GHz
- the intensity of the pulse current is 50 to 200 mA
- the pulse time is 0 to 2 nsec.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the passage of energization time and the application of the pulse current when the pulse current is applied to the GSR sensor element.
- energization when energization is started, it rises at 0.5 nsec, maintains a predetermined pulse time of 0.5 nsec in the applied state, and when energization is interrupted, it falls at 0.5 nsec.
- FIG. 5 shows a waveform diagram of the coil voltage when the pulse current is applied.
- the timing of the peak voltage is detected.
- the electronic switch is on-off, and the opening and closing time is repeated at 0.1 to 1.5 nsec.
- the capacitor capacity of the sample and hold circuit is 4 to 100 pF, and AD conversion of the electronic circuit is 14 to 16 bits. In order to make the electronic switch on-off fine, the capacitor capacity is preferably 4 to 8 pF.
- the coil output is a sine wave output with a measurement range of 3 to 100 G, and its sensitivity is 50 mG / G to 3 V / G. Linearity is 0.3% or less.
- the GSR sensor of the present invention includes two magnetic wires (21 and 22), one coil 3 that circulates the two magnetic wires together, two electrodes (24 and 25) for energizing the wires, and coil voltage detection.
- GSR sensor element 1 composed of a plurality of electrodes (33 and 34), means for applying a pulse current to the magnetic wire 2, a circuit for detecting a coil voltage generated when the pulse current is supplied, and converting the coil voltage into an external magnetic field H Means.
- the external magnetic field H and the coil voltage are expressed by the mathematical relationship shown in the equation (1).
- the element 1 has a length of 0.12 mm and a width of 0.20 mm, and the groove 11 of the substrate 10 has a width of 40 ⁇ m and a depth of 8 ⁇ m.
- the wire interval is 3 ⁇ m.
- the magnetic wires (21 and 22) are coated with a glass of CoFeSiB amorphous alloy having a diameter of 10 ⁇ m and a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less, and are wires having a length of 0.12 mm.
- the anisotropic magnetic field is 15G.
- the coil 3 has a coil pitch of 5 ⁇ m, the number of turns is 14, the average inner diameter of the coil 3 is 30 ⁇ m, and the distance between the coil 3 and the magnetic wire 2 is 2 ⁇ m.
- the structure of the element is such that about half of the diameter of the glass-coated magnetic wires (21 and 22) is embedded in the groove 11 formed in the substrate 10, and the lower coil 31 is formed on the inner surface of the groove 11.
- the upper coil 32 was placed on the top of the magnetic wire, fixed between them with an insulating resin, and joined at the joint portion 33 on the substrate plane. Both ends of the coil 3 were electrically connected with coil electrodes by conductive metal vapor deposition films.
- the magnetic wire 2 and the electrode were formed by removing the glass coating material on the upper surface of the end portion of the magnetic wire, and then providing an electrical joint with a conductive metal deposition film between the coated wire surface and the electrode.
- the connecting portion 23 between the two magnetic wires 21 and the magnetic wires 22 was also electrically connected by the same process.
- the GSR sensor element 1 was mounted on the electronic circuit 5 and energized from the pulse transmission circuit 51 with a conversion frequency of 1 GHz and a pulse current intensity of 120 mA with a pulse width of 0.8 nnsec.
- the on-off interval of the electronic switch at that time is 0.2 nsec.
- the capacitor capacity of the sample and hold circuit is 6 pF.
- the sine wave output has a sensitivity of 200 mV in the measurement range 90G.
- the power consumption at that time was 0.3 mW, and the linearity was 0.2%.
- the present invention realizes further enhancement of sensitivity and low power consumption of a GSR sensor, and is expected to be used in applications that require ultra-small size and high performance such as in-vivo motion devices.
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Abstract
Description
ここで、GSRセンサとは超高速スピン回転効果(英語表記;GHz Spin Rotation effect)を基礎にした超高感度マイクロ磁気センサという。
モーションデバイスに搭載するためには、センササイズは小さければ小さいほど望ましいが、それに反比例して検出感度が低下する。さらに供給電源の制約もあって測定中の消費電力の低減が求められている。
本発明の課題は、立上がりパルス検波の直線性を0.5%以下にして立上がりパルス検波の長所を引き出すことである。
つまり、a電圧が磁界の影響を受けないのであれば、H=0Gでa電圧を測定し、それをキャンセルすれば正味のb電圧を検出することができる。
さらに、磁界を変化させてb電圧を測定したところ、磁界の正負に対して対称的に電圧が直線的に出力して、0.3%以下の優れた直線性が得られることを見出した。
磁界Hがゼロから変化した場合においても、a電圧が消失する理由は、2本ワイヤのインピーダンスの変化は電流の向きにかかわらず、磁界Hに対称的に変化するため両者のインピーダンスは常に同じで、両者に流れるパルス電流は同じとなり両者のコイルへの影響は磁場が変化してもキャンセルされることになるからであると考えられる(図9)。
Vs=Vo・2L・πD・p・Nc・f・sin(πH/2Hm) (1)
V’=arcsin(Vs/Vo・2L・πD・p・Nc・f)=(π・1/2Hm)・H (2)
H=2Hm/π×V’ (3)
として、式(3)からHを求めることができる。
V’は、磁界Hに対して-Hmから+Hmまで直線的に変化する。測定レンジはHmとなり、逆正弦変換しない場合に比べると4倍程度拡大する。なお直線性Pは、Vx=a(1-Δ)Hxとして、P=100×Δ(%)と定義する(図11)。
すなわち、Δ=0の時の関係式Vx=aHxからのずれ量Δで直線性を定義する。
2%と優れていることを確認した(図12)。
GSRセンサは、磁性ワイヤとコイル内径との間隔を3μm以下として磁性ワイヤとコイルとの電磁結合を強化している。本発明においても磁性ワイヤ2本の間を除いて同様の関係を保つものとする。
パルス通電時に発生するコイル電圧は、パルス対応型バッファー回路を介してサンプルホールド回路に送られる。コイルの巻き数Ncが小さい場合には、直接サンプルホールド回路に送ることも可能である。
サンプルホールド回路のコンデンサ容量は4pF~100pFとする。望ましく電子スイッチのon-offはできる限り細かくしてコンデンサ容量も4pF~8pFと小さくすることである。これによりピークタイミングの電圧を瞬時の電圧値としてコンデンサにホールドする。このホールドされたコンデンサ電圧はプログラミングアンプを介して出力される。
なお、本発明の構成に、本明細書中から任意に選択した一つ又は二つ以上の構成を付加し得る。いずれの実施形態が最良であるか否かは、対象、要求諸特性によって異なる。
基板上に導電性を有する磁界検出用磁性ワイヤ2本を近接配置し、磁性ワイヤ2本を一緒に巻回した周回コイルとワイヤ通電用の電極2個とコイル電圧検出用の電極2個を設置した磁界検出素子および磁性ワイヤにパルス電流を流す手段と2本の磁性ワイヤに逆向きにパルス電流を流した時に生じるコイル電圧を検知する回路とコイル電圧を外部磁界Hに変換する手段とからなり、
磁性ワイヤは、20G以下の異方性磁界を有し、かつ円周方向スピン配列を持つ表面磁区と軸方向にスピン配列を持つ中央部コア磁区の2相の磁区構造を有してなり、
磁性ワイヤに通電するパルス電流は、該周波数は0.2GHz~4.0GHzで、該ワイヤ表面に異方性磁界の1.5倍以上の円周方向磁界を発生させるのに必要な電流強度以上とし、
コイルはコイルピッチ10μm以下である。コイル平均内径を35μm以下が望ましい。
また、複数の対のワイヤを配置する場合は、コイルと磁性ワイヤとの間隔は1μm~5μmとすることが望ましい。
磁性ワイヤにパルス電流を通電することによって、表面磁区内のワイヤ軸方向の磁界により軸方向に傾斜した円周方向スピンを超高速に一斉回転させて、その時に生じる超高速スピン回転現象による前記ワイヤの軸方向の磁化変化のみをコイル出力として取り出し、関係式(1)を使って磁界Hに変換するものである。
Vs=Vo・2L・πD・p・Nc・f・sin(πH/2Hm) (1)
ここで、Vsはコイル出力電圧、Voは比例定数、制御因子定数としては、Lはワイヤの長さ、Dはワイヤの直径、pはパルス電流の表皮深さ、Ncはコイルの巻き数、fはパルス周波数、Hmはコイル出力電圧が最大値を取る時の外部磁界強度。
パルス電流を発信するパルス発信回路、コイル電圧を入力する入力回路、パルス対応型バッファー回路およびコイル電圧の出力波形のピーク電圧を検波する電子スイッチとピーク電圧を保存する容量4~100pFのコンデンサとからなるサンプルホールド回路から構成され、プログラミングアンプにて増幅し、AD(アナログデジタル)変換する電子回路に接続するものである。
GSRセンサ素子(以下、素子という。)1は、基板10の上に磁性ワイヤ2本(21および22)とその磁性ワイヤ2本を周回する1個のコイル3およびワイヤ通電用の2個の電極(24およびと25)とコイル電圧検出用の2個の電極(33および34)ならびに磁性ワイヤとワイヤ通電用電極との接続部、コイルとコイル電圧検出用電極との接続部からなる。また、素子1には磁性ワイヤ2本(21および22)に逆向きのパルス電流を流す手段23からなる。そして、パルス電流を流した時に生じるコイル電圧を検知する回路5とコイル電圧を外部磁界に変換する手段から構成されている。外部磁界Hとコイル電圧Vsは、上記の式(1)のような数学的関係で表される。
素子1の構造は、図1~図2に示す通りである。
素子1のサイズは、基板10のサイズである幅0.07mm~0.4mm、長さ0.25mm~1mmからなる。素子1の中央部は、磁性ワイヤ2本(21および22)が平行に整列配置できるように幅20~60μm、深さ2~20μmの溝が基板10に形成されている。2本の磁性ワイヤ(21および22)は近接しており磁性ワイヤの間隔は1~5μmであり、磁性ワイヤ(21および22)同士は絶縁材料で隔離されていること、例えば絶縁性分離壁が好ましい。
磁性ワイヤ2は、CoFeSiBアモルファス合金の直径5~20μmである。磁性ワイヤ2の周囲は絶縁性材料、例えば絶縁性ガラスで被覆されていることが好ましい。長さは0.07~1.0mmである。
磁性ワイヤ2の異方性磁界は20G以下で、円周方向スピン配列を持つ表面磁区と軸方向にスピン配列を持つ中央部コア磁区の2相の磁区構造を有する。
コイル3は、コイル巻き数は6~180回、コイルピッチは5μmが好ましい。コイル3と磁性ワイヤ2との間隔は3μm以下が好ましい。コイル平均内径は10~35μmが好ましい。
素子の製造方法は、図2を用いて説明する。
基板10に形成されている溝11に沿って下コイル31と基板面上に電極配線を行なう。その後、溝11の中央部に絶縁性分離壁41を形成して2つの溝形状として、そこに2本のガラス被覆した磁性ワイヤ21および22をそれぞれ整列配置する。次いで、基板全面に絶縁性レジストを塗布する。こうして磁性ワイヤ21および22は溝11内に固定される。この塗布の際に磁性ワイヤ21および22の上部は薄く塗布する。そこに上コイル32をフォトリソ技術で形成する。
なお、ガラス被覆していない磁性ワイヤ2を用いる場合には、下コイル31と磁性ワイヤ21および22とが電気的な接触が生じないように予め絶縁性材料4を塗布しておくことである。
磁性ワイヤ2の配線構造は、図1に示すように、ワイヤ入力電極(+)24は磁性ワイヤ21の上部と接続され、磁性ワイヤ21の下部はワイヤ連結部23を介して磁性ワイヤ22の下部と接続されている。磁性ワイヤ22の上部はワイヤ出力電極(-)25と接続されている。このワイヤ連結部23により、磁性ワイヤ21では上部から下部への下向きのパルス電流が流れ、磁性ワイヤ22では下部から上部への上向き(磁性ワイヤ21とは逆向きになる。)のパルス電流を流すことができる。
電子回路5は、パルス電流を発信するパルス発信回路51、コイル電圧を入力する入力回路53、パルス対応型バッファー回路54、コイル電圧の出力波形のピーク電圧を検波する電子スイッチ56とピーク電圧を保持する容量4~100pFのコンデンサとからなるサンプルホールド回路、および増幅器58のプログラミングアンプにて増幅してAD変換を行なう。
また、電子回路5のコイル電圧を出力するGSRセンサ素子が接続されている。
図5には、上記のパルス電流を通電した際のコイル電圧の波形図を示す。
本発明では、ピーク電圧のタイミングを検波する。電子スイッチはon-offからなりその開閉時間は0.1~1.5nsecで繰り返す。
コイル出力は、図6に示すように正弦波出力にて測定レンジ3~100Gで、その感度は50mG/G~3V/Gである。直線性は0.3%以下である。
異方性磁界は15Gである。
コイル3の両端部は、それぞれコイル電極との間は導電性金属蒸着膜で電気的接続部を設けた。
磁性ワイヤ2と電極は、磁性ワイヤの端部の上面部のガラス被覆材料を除去した後、被覆除去されたワイヤ面と電極との間を導電性金属蒸着膜で電気的接合部を設けた。
また、2本の磁性ワイヤ21と磁性ワイヤ22との連結部23も同様の処理により電気的接続を行なった。
2:磁性ワイヤ、21:磁性ワイヤ2本のうちの1本、22:磁性ワイヤ2本のうちの他の1本、23:ワイヤ連結部、24:ワイヤ入力電極(+)、25:ワイヤ出力電極(-)、3:コイル、31:下コイル、32:上コイル、33:ジョイント部、34:コイル出力
電極(+)、35:コイルグランド電極(-)、
4:絶縁性樹脂、41:絶縁性分離壁、
5:電子回路、51:パルス発信回路、52:GSRセンサ素子、53:入力側回路、54:バッファー回路、55:サンプルホールド回路、56:電子スイッチ、57:コンデンサ、58:増幅器
Claims (3)
- 基板上に導電性を有する磁界検出用磁性ワイヤ2本を近接配置し、前記磁性ワイヤ2本を一緒に巻回した周回コイルとワイヤ通電用の電極2個とコイル電圧検出用電極2個を設置した磁界検出素子および前記磁性ワイヤにパルス電流を流す手段と前記2本の磁性ワイヤに逆向きにパルス電流を流した時に生じるコイル電圧を検知する回路とコイル電圧を外部磁界Hに変換する手段とからなる磁気センサにおいて、
前記磁性ワイヤは、20G以下の異方性磁界を有し、かつ円周方向スピン配列を持つ表面磁区と軸方向にスピン配列を持つ中央部コア磁区の2相の磁区構造を有してなり、
前記磁性ワイヤに通電するパルス電流は、該周波数は0.2GHz~4.0GHzで、該ワイヤ表面に異方性磁界の1.5倍以上の円周方向磁界を発生させるのに必要な電流強度以上とし、
前記コイルはコイルピッチ10μm以下とすることを特徴とする超高感度マイクロ磁気センサ。 - 請求項1に記載の超高感度マイクロ磁気センサにおいて、
前記磁性ワイヤに前記パルス電流を通電することによって、前記表面磁区内のワイヤ軸方向の磁界により軸方向に傾斜した円周方向スピンを超高速に一斉回転させて、その時に生じる超高速スピン回転現象による前記ワイヤの軸方向の磁化変化のみをコイル出力として取り出し、関係式(1)を使って磁界Hに変換することを特徴とする超高感度マイクロ磁気センサ。
Vs=Vo・2L・πD・p・Nc・f・sin(πH/2Hm) (1)
ここで、Vsはコイル出力電圧、Voは比例定数、制御因子定数としては、Lはワイヤの長さ、Dはワイヤの直径、pはパルス電流の表皮深さ、Ncはコイルの巻き数、fはパルス周波数、Hmはコイル出力電圧が最大値を取る時の外部磁界強度。 - 請求項1に記載の超高感度マイクロ磁気センサにおいて、
電子回路は、前記パルス電流を発信するパルス発信回路、入力側回路、前記コイル電圧を入力するパルス対応型バッファー回路および前記コイル電圧の出力波形のピーク電圧を検波する電子スイッチと前記ピーク電圧を保存する容量4~100pFのコンデンサとからなるサンプルホールド回路から構成され、プログラミングアンプにて増幅し、AD変換する電子回路に接続することを特徴とする超高感度マイクロ磁気センサ。
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JP2021032875A (ja) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-03-01 | ナノコイル株式会社 | 応力インピーダンスセンサ素子および応力インピーダンスセンサ |
JP2021056155A (ja) * | 2019-10-01 | 2021-04-08 | ナノコイル株式会社 | ひねり応力センサ素子およびひねり応力センサ |
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AU2018284779B2 (en) | 2021-09-09 |
JP7262885B2 (ja) | 2023-04-24 |
US10989768B2 (en) | 2021-04-27 |
RU2746978C1 (ru) | 2021-04-22 |
JP2019002851A (ja) | 2019-01-10 |
IL271080A (en) | 2020-01-30 |
EP3640658B1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
EP3640658A1 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
CN110832336B (zh) | 2022-02-25 |
KR20200007886A (ko) | 2020-01-22 |
IL271080B1 (en) | 2023-05-01 |
KR102393394B1 (ko) | 2022-05-02 |
CN110832336A (zh) | 2020-02-21 |
IL271080B2 (en) | 2023-09-01 |
SG11201911920VA (en) | 2020-01-30 |
CA3067330A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
CA3067330C (en) | 2022-07-19 |
EP3640658A4 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
BR112019024956A2 (pt) | 2020-06-23 |
US20200116803A1 (en) | 2020-04-16 |
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