WO2018181882A1 - レジスト組成物及びそれを用いるパターン形成方法、並びに、化合物及び樹脂 - Google Patents
レジスト組成物及びそれを用いるパターン形成方法、並びに、化合物及び樹脂 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018181882A1 WO2018181882A1 PCT/JP2018/013579 JP2018013579W WO2018181882A1 WO 2018181882 A1 WO2018181882 A1 WO 2018181882A1 JP 2018013579 W JP2018013579 W JP 2018013579W WO 2018181882 A1 WO2018181882 A1 WO 2018181882A1
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- 0 *Oc1cc(C(N)=O)cc(OC(c(cc2O*)cc(O*)c2O*)=O)c1O* Chemical compound *Oc1cc(C(N)=O)cc(OC(c(cc2O*)cc(O*)c2O*)=O)c1O* 0.000 description 10
- BVJCFOOIOSGZFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(NS(c1ccc(C)cc1)(=O)=O)=O Chemical compound CC(NS(c1ccc(C)cc1)(=O)=O)=O BVJCFOOIOSGZFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VENSCIIJLNLDFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C2CC(C3)CC1CC3C2)OC(CO)=O Chemical compound CC1(C2CC(C3)CC1CC3C2)OC(CO)=O VENSCIIJLNLDFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H13/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids
- C07H13/02—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids
- C07H13/08—Compounds containing saccharide radicals esterified by carbonic acid or derivatives thereof, or by organic acids, e.g. phosphonic acids by carboxylic acids having the esterifying carboxyl radicals directly attached to carbocyclic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G8/00—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
- C08G8/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes
- C08G8/08—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes of formaldehyde, e.g. of formaldehyde formed in situ
- C08G8/10—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes of formaldehyde, e.g. of formaldehyde formed in situ with phenol
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H6/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignin, e.g. tannins, humic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0048—Photosensitive materials characterised by the solvents or agents facilitating spreading, e.g. tensio-active agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0382—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2012—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image using liquid photohardening compositions, e.g. for the production of reliefs such as flexographic plates or stamps
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/26—Processing photosensitive materials; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/30—Imagewise removal using liquid means
- G03F7/32—Liquid compositions therefor, e.g. developers
- G03F7/322—Aqueous alkaline compositions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a compound or resin mainly used as a lithography material, a resist composition containing the compound or resin, and a pattern forming method using the same.
- the conventional general resist material is a polymer resist material capable of forming an amorphous thin film.
- examples thereof include polymer resist materials such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyhydroxystyrene having an acid dissociable reactive group, and polyalkyl methacrylate.
- a resist thin film prepared by applying a solution of such a polymer resist material on a substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet rays, far ultraviolet rays, electron beams, extreme ultraviolet rays (EUV), X-rays, etc.
- a line pattern of about 100 nm is formed.
- the polymer resist material has a large molecular weight of about 10,000 to 100,000 and a wide molecular weight distribution. For this reason, in lithography using a polymer-based resist material, roughness is generated on the surface of the fine pattern, making it difficult to control the pattern dimensions and lowering the yield. Therefore, there is a limit to miniaturization in lithography using a conventional polymer resist material. Until now, various low molecular weight resist materials have been proposed in order to produce finer patterns.
- an alkali developing negative radiation-sensitive composition using a low molecular weight polynuclear polyphenol compound as a main component has been proposed.
- an alkali developing negative radiation-sensitive composition for example, Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Document 1 using a low molecular weight cyclic polyphenol compound as a main component is also proposed.
- a polyphenol compound as a base compound for a resist material can impart high heat resistance despite its low molecular weight, and is useful for improving the resolution and roughness of a resist pattern (for example, Non-Patent Document 2). .
- Patent Document 4 a resist composition using tannin and its derivatives as a molecular resist material
- lithography using an electron beam or extreme ultraviolet has a reaction mechanism different from that of normal optical lithography.
- EUV extreme ultraviolet
- a target is to form a fine pattern of several tens of nm.
- a resist material that is highly sensitive to the exposure light source is required.
- resist materials that improve these problems inorganic resist materials containing titanium, hafnium, and zirconium have been proposed (for example, Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6).
- compositions described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 do not have sufficient heat resistance, and the shape of the resulting resist pattern may be deteriorated.
- compositions described in Patent Document 3 and Non-Patent Document 1 are not sufficiently soluble in a safe solvent used in a semiconductor manufacturing process, are not sufficiently sensitive, and have a poor resist pattern shape.
- Non-Patent Document 2 does not describe solubility, and the heat resistance of the compound is still insufficient, and further improvement in heat resistance is required.
- the composition described in Patent Document 4 is a mixture of the tannin and its derivative used, there is a risk of problems in product stability, such as changes in properties from lot to lot.
- the resist materials described in Patent Documents 5 and 6 have a relatively high sensitivity, they cannot be said to be sufficient yet.
- there are disadvantages such as low solubility in a safe solvent, poor storage stability, and many defects in the film.
- the present invention uses a resist composition capable of reducing film defects (thin film formation), having good storage stability, high sensitivity, and imparting a good resist pattern shape, and the same. It is an object of the present invention to provide a resist pattern forming method and a compound or resin having high solubility in a safe solvent.
- the tannin compound includes one or more selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (0) and a resin obtained by using a compound represented by the following formula (0) as a monomer, [1]
- the resist composition according to [1]. each A independently represents a hydrogen atom or any structure represented by the following formula (A), provided that at least one A is represented by the following formula (A).
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the tannin compound is represented by the following formula (0-1) or the following formula (0-2), and the following formula (0-1) and / or the following formula (0-2).
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or A cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or an acid dissociable reactive group; Provided that at least one R represents an acid dissociable reactive group.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched chain having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- a compound represented by the following formula (0-1) or the following formula (0-2), and a compound represented by the following general formula (0-1) and / or the following general formula (0-2) A compound selected from the group consisting of condensates having a structure derived from (In the formulas (0-1) and (0-2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or A cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or an acid dissociable reactive group; Provided that at least one R represents an acid dissociable reactive group.)
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched chain having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the resist composition which can reduce the defect of a film
- a compound or resin having high solubility in a safe solvent can be provided.
- the present embodiment is an illustration for demonstrating this invention, and this invention is not limited only to this embodiment.
- the resist composition of the present embodiment includes at least one tannin compound selected from the group consisting of tannin and derivatives thereof having at least one acid-dissociable reactive group in the structure, and a resin obtained using these as monomers. (Hereinafter, these are collectively referred to as “tannin compounds in the present embodiment”). As long as the tannin compound in the present embodiment contains at least one acid-dissociable reactive group in its structure, a compound selected from a tannic acid derivative and a general tannin derivative including a condensed tannin described later is used. I can do it.
- the resist composition of the present embodiment is obtained using the compound represented by the following formula (0) and the compound represented by the following formula (0) as monomers as the tannin compound in the present embodiment. It is preferable that 1 or more types selected from the group which consists of resin to be included are included.
- each A independently represents a hydrogen atom or any structure represented by the following formula (A), provided that at least one A is represented by the following formula (A). Indicates either structure.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the tannin compound in the present embodiment the compound represented by the following formula (0-1) or the following formula (0-2), and the following formula (0-1) and / or One or more selected from the group consisting of a condensate having a structure derived from a compound represented by the following formula (0-2), and a resin obtained using the condensate as a monomer (hereinafter these are collectively referred to as “ May be referred to as a “condensed tannin compound”. Specific embodiments of the condensed tannin compound will be described later.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or A cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or an acid dissociable reactive group; Provided that at least one R represents an acid dissociable reactive group.
- the tannin compound in the present embodiment is selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (0-3) and a resin obtained using the compound as a monomer. It is also preferable to use the above.
- each A independently represents a hydrogen atom or any structure represented by the following formula (A), provided that at least one A is represented by the following formula (A). Any one of the structures shown.)
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- each A independently represents a hydrogen atom or any structure represented by the following formula (A). However, at least one A represents any structure represented by the following formula (A).
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched chain group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- at least one R represents an acid dissociable reactive group. * Indicates a bond with the formula (0).
- the resist composition of the present embodiment can include one or more selected from the group consisting of a compound having a specific structure and a resin obtained using the compound as a monomer as the tannin compound in the present embodiment.
- the compound represented by the formula (0) is a tannic acid derivative. Since tannic acid contains a number of hydroxyl groups in its structure, the tannic acid derivative, which is a derivative thereof, is easy to control the solubility. Higher sensitivity can be expected.
- a ′ each independently represents any structure represented by the following formula (A).
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched chain group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- at least one R represents an acid dissociable reactive group. * Indicates a bond with the formula (0 ′).
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched chain of 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group of 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- at least one R represents an acid dissociable reactive group.
- a condensed tannin compound can be used as the tannin compound in the present embodiment.
- the condensed tannin compound in the present embodiment include at least one selected from the following compounds.
- the condensate in the following (3) may have only one of structures derived from the compounds represented by the formulas (0-1) and (0-2), or both It may contain a derived structure. Moreover, the number of structures derived from each formula contained in the condensate is not particularly limited.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or A cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or an acid dissociable reactive group; Provided that at least one R represents an acid dissociable reactive group.
- the compound that can be used as the condensed tannin compound in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and examples include compounds represented by the following formulas (2-1) to (2-5).
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, branched or having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or carbon number.
- at least one R represents an acid dissociable reactive group.
- a condensed tannin derivative such as a kepratannin derivative represented by the following formula (0-3) and a wattle tannin derivative represented by the following formula (0-4) can also be suitably used.
- each A independently represents a hydrogen atom or any structure represented by the following formula (A), provided that at least one A is represented by the following formula (A). Any one of the structures shown.)
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. And a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, or an acid dissociable reactive group. However, at least one R represents an acid dissociable reactive group.
- the chemical structure of the compound contained in the resist composition of this embodiment can be determined by 1 H-NMR analysis. Since the tannin compound contained in the resist composition of the present embodiment contains at least one acid-dissociable reactive group as shown in the formula (0), high sensitivity can be expected in lithography. Moreover, since it has a benzene skeleton, it is excellent in heat resistance. Furthermore, since tannic acid derived from a natural product can be used as a raw material, it can be obtained inexpensively.
- Each R is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted linear alkyl group having 1-20 carbon atoms, a branched alkyl group having 3-20 carbon atoms, or a cyclic alkyl group having 3-20 carbon atoms, substituted or unsubstituted.
- substituted means that one or more hydrogen atoms in the functional group are a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a heterocyclic group, a carbon number of 1 to 20 linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group, branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, 7 carbon atoms -30 aralkyl groups, alkoxy groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, amino groups having 0 to 20 carbon atoms, alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, acyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 20 carbon atoms Group, an alkyloyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryloyloxy group having 7 to 30 carbon atoms, or an alkyloyloxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atom
- Examples of the unsubstituted straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, and a hexadecyl group. Group, octadecyl group and the like.
- Examples of the substituted linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a fluoromethyl group, a 2-hydroxyethyl group, a 3-cyanopropyl group, and a 20-nitrooctadecyl group.
- Examples of the unsubstituted branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include isopropyl group, isobutyl group, tertiary butyl group, neopentyl group, 2-hexyl group, 2-octyl group, 2-decyl group, 2 -Dodecyl group, 2-hexadecyl group, 2-octadecyl group and the like.
- Examples of the substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include 1-fluoroisopropyl group and 1-hydroxy-2-octadecyl group.
- Examples of the unsubstituted cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclodecyl group, a cyclododecyl group, a cyclohexadecyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and the like.
- An octadecyl group etc. are mentioned.
- Examples of the substituted cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include a 2-fluorocyclopropyl group and a 4-cyanocyclohexyl group.
- Examples of the unsubstituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- Examples of the substituted aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include 4-isopropylphenyl group, 4-cyclohexylphenyl group, 4-methylphenyl group, and 6-fluoronaphthyl group.
- Examples of the unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include vinyl group, propynyl group, butynyl group, pentynyl group, hexynyl group, octynyl group, decynyl group, dodecynyl group, hexadecynyl group, and octadecynyl group.
- Examples of the substituted alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include a chloropropynyl group.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the “acid-dissociable reactive group” refers to a characteristic group that is cleaved in the presence of an acid and changes an alkali-soluble group or the like.
- the alkali-soluble group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a phenolic hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, and a hexafluoroisopropanol group.
- the phenolic hydroxyl group and the carboxyl group are exemplified. Groups are preferred, with phenolic hydroxyl groups being particularly preferred.
- the acid dissociable reactive group preferably has a property of causing a chain cleavage reaction in the presence of an acid in order to enable high-sensitivity and high-resolution pattern formation.
- the acid dissociable reactive group is not particularly limited. For example, among those proposed in hydroxystyrene resins, (meth) acrylic acid resins and the like used in chemically amplified resist compositions for KrF and ArF. It can be appropriately selected and used.
- Preferred examples of the acid dissociable reactive group include a substituted methyl group, a 1-substituted ethyl group, a 1-substituted n-propyl group, a 1-branched alkyl group, a silyl group, an acyl group, which have a property of being dissociated by an acid.
- Examples thereof include a group selected from the group consisting of a 1-substituted alkoxymethyl group, a cyclic ether group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, and an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group.
- an acid dissociable reactive group does not have a crosslinkable functional group from a viewpoint of roughness.
- the substituted methyl group is not particularly limited, but is usually a substituted methyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a substituted methyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably a substituted methyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- substituted methyl group examples include, but are not limited to, a methoxymethyl group, a methylthiomethyl group, an ethoxymethyl group, an n-propoxymethyl group, an isopropoxymethyl group, an n-butoxymethyl group, a t-butoxymethyl group, 2-methylpropoxymethyl group, ethylthiomethyl group, methoxyethoxymethyl group, phenyloxymethyl group, 1-cyclopentyloxymethyl group, 1-cyclohexyloxymethyl group, benzylthiomethyl group, phenacyl group, 4-bromophenacyl group, 4 -Methoxyphenacyl group, piperonyl group, and a substituent represented by the following formula (13-1) can be exemplified.
- R 2A is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 2A include, but are not limited to, methyl group, ethyl group, isopropyl group, n-propyl group, t-butyl group, n-butyl group and the like.
- the 1-substituted ethyl group is not particularly limited, but is usually a 1-substituted ethyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a 1-substituted ethyl group having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, and a substituted group having 7 to 16 carbon atoms.
- An ethyl group is more preferable.
- 1-substituted ethyl group examples include, but are not limited to, 1-methoxyethyl group, 1-methylthioethyl group, 1,1-dimethoxyethyl group, 1-ethoxyethyl group, 1-ethylthioethyl group, 1,1-diethoxyethyl group, n-propoxyethyl group, isopropoxyethyl group, n-butoxyethyl group, t-butoxyethyl group, 2-methylpropoxyethyl group, 1-phenoxyethyl group, 1-phenylthioethyl Group, 1,1-diphenoxyethyl group, 1-cyclopentyloxyethyl group, 1-cyclohexyloxyethyl group, 1-phenylethyl group, 1,1-diphenylethyl group, and the following formula (13-2) And the like.
- R 2A is the same as described above.
- the 1-substituted-n-propyl group is not particularly limited, but is usually a 1-substituted-n-propyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and a 1-substituted-n-propyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms is A 1-substituted n-propyl group having 8 to 16 carbon atoms is more preferable.
- Specific examples of the 1-substituted-n-propyl group include, but are not limited to, 1-methoxy-n-propyl group and 1-ethoxy-n-propyl group.
- the 1-branched alkyl group is not particularly limited, but is usually a 1-branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a 1-branched alkyl group having 5 to 18 carbon atoms, and a branched chain having 7 to 16 carbon atoms.
- An alkyl group is more preferred.
- Specific examples of the 1-branched alkyl group include, but are not limited to, isopropyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, 1,1-dimethylpropyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, 1,1-dimethylbutyl group. , 2-methyladamantyl group, 2-ethyladamantyl group and the like.
- the silyl group is not particularly limited, but is usually a silyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a silyl group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably a silyl group having 5 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the silyl group include, but are not limited to, trimethylsilyl group, ethyldimethylsilyl group, methyldiethylsilyl group, triethylsilyl group, tert-butyldimethylsilyl group, tert-butyldiethylsilyl group, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl. Group, tri-tert-butylsilyl group, triphenylsilyl group and the like.
- the acyl group is not particularly limited, but is usually an acyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an acyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably an acyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the acyl group include, but are not limited to, acetyl group, phenoxyacetyl group, propionyl group, butyryl group, heptanoyl group, hexanoyl group, valeryl group, pivaloyl group, isovaleryl group, laurylyl group, adamantylcarbonyl group, benzoyl group Groups and naphthoyl groups.
- the 1-substituted alkoxymethyl group is not particularly limited, but is usually a 1-substituted alkoxymethyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a 1-substituted alkoxymethyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and 6 to 6 carbon atoms. 16 1-substituted alkoxymethyl groups are more preferred.
- Specific examples of the 1-substituted alkoxymethyl group include, but are not limited to, 1-cyclopentylmethoxymethyl group, 1-cyclopentylethoxymethyl group, 1-cyclohexylmethoxymethyl group, 1-cyclohexylethoxymethyl group, 1-cyclooctyl. Examples thereof include a methoxymethyl group and a 1-adamantylmethoxymethyl group.
- the cyclic ether group is not particularly limited, but is usually a cyclic ether group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably a cyclic ether group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably a cyclic ether group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the cyclic ether group include, but are not limited to, a tetrahydropyranyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, a tetrahydrothiopyranyl group, a tetrahydrothiofuranyl group, a 4-methoxytetrahydropyranyl group, and a 4-methoxytetrahydrothiopyranyl group. And the like.
- the alkoxycarbonyl group is usually an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkoxycarbonyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the alkoxycarbonylalkyl group is not particularly limited, but is usually an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms, and an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms. Is more preferable.
- R 3A is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 0 to 4.
- a substituted methyl group, a 1-substituted ethyl group, a 1-substituted alkoxymethyl group, a cyclic ether group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, and an alkoxycarbonylalkyl group are preferable, and a viewpoint of expressing higher sensitivity.
- the cycloalkane having 3 to 12 carbon atoms may be monocyclic or polycyclic, but is preferably polycyclic. Specific examples of the cycloalkane having 3 to 12 carbon atoms include, but are not limited to, monocycloalkane, bicycloalkane, tricycloalkane, tetracycloalkane, and the like. More specifically, the cycloalkane is not limited to the following.
- Monocycloalkanes such as cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane and cyclohexane, and polycycloalkanes such as adamantane, norbornane, isobornane, tricyclodecane and tetracyclodecane.
- adamantane, tricyclodecane, and tetracyclodecane are preferable, and adamantane and tricyclodecane are more preferable.
- the cycloalkane having 3 to 12 carbon atoms may have a substituent.
- lactone examples include, but are not limited to, butyrolactone or a cycloalkane group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms having a lactone group.
- 6-12 aromatic ring examples include, but are not limited to, a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a pyrene ring, and the like.
- a benzene ring and a naphthalene ring are preferable, and a naphthalene ring is more preferable. .
- an acid dissociable reactive group selected from the group consisting of each group represented by the following formula (13-4) is particularly preferable because the resolution tends to be higher.
- R 5A is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 6A is a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or A branched alkyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a heterocyclic group, a halogen atom or a carboxyl group
- n 1A is an integer from 0 to 4
- n 2A is an integer from 1 to 5
- n 0A is from 0 to It is an integer of 4.
- each B independently represents a hydrogen atom or any structure represented by the following formula (B). However, at least one B represents any structure represented by the following formula (B). Moreover, * in the following formula (B) represents a bonding portion with the formula (0A).
- the condensate has a structure derived from a compound represented by the formula (0-1) or the following formula (0-2) and a compound represented by the following formula (0-1) and / or the following formula (0-2).
- the method for producing the condensate is not particularly limited.
- the compound represented by the following formula (0-1A) or the following formula (0-2A), the following formula (0-1A) and / or the following formula (0 -2A) is obtained by introducing an acid dissociable reactive group into at least one phenolic hydroxyl group of the condensed tannin represented by the condensate having a structure derived from the compound represented by formula (A).
- a known method can be applied as a method for introducing an acid dissociable reactive group into a phenolic hydroxyl group.
- a compound for introducing an acid dissociable reactive group can be synthesized or easily obtained by a known method.
- an active carboxylic acid derivative compound such as acid chloride, acid anhydride, dicarbonate, alkyl halide, vinyl alkyl ether, Examples include dihydropyran and halocarboxylic acid alkyl esters, but are not particularly limited.
- an acid dissociable reactive group can be introduced into at least one phenolic hydroxyl group of tannic acid (1A) as follows.
- the tannic acid (1A) is dissolved or suspended in an aprotic solvent such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or the like.
- an aprotic solvent such as acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone or the like.
- a vinyl alkyl ether such as ethyl vinyl ether or dihydropyran is added, and the reaction is carried out at 20 to 60 ° C. for 6 to 72 hours at atmospheric pressure in the presence of an acid catalyst such as pyridinium-p-toluenesulfonate.
- the reaction solution is neutralized with an alkali
- the acid catalyst is not particularly limited, and a known acid catalyst, such as an inorganic acid or an organic acid, can be used.
- the acid catalyst include inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrobromic acid, and hydrofluoric acid; oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, Organic acids such as formic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, naphthalenedisulfonic acid; zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, chloride Examples thereof include, but are not limited to, Lewis acids such as iron and boron trifluoride, and solid acids such as silicotungstic
- an organic acid and a solid acid are preferable from the viewpoint of production, and hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is more preferable from the viewpoint of production such as availability and ease of handling.
- an acid catalyst 1 type can be used individually or in combination of 2 or more types.
- an acid dissociable reactive group can be introduced into at least one phenolic hydroxyl group of tannic acid (1A) as follows. Tannic acid (1A) is dissolved or suspended in an aprotic solvent such as acetone, THF, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethylacetamide, or N-methylpyrrolidone. Subsequently, an alkyl halide such as ethyl chloromethyl ether or a halocarboxylic acid alkyl ester such as methyl adamantyl bromoacetate is added, and the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base catalyst such as potassium carbonate at 20 to 110 ° C. for 6 to 72 hours. . The reaction solution is neutralized with an acid such as hydrochloric acid and added to distilled water to precipitate a white solid, and then the separated white solid is washed with distilled water and dried to obtain the compound represented by the above formula (1). be able to.
- an aprotic solvent such
- the base catalyst is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected from known base catalysts.
- Examples thereof include metal hydrides (alkali metal hydrides such as sodium hydride and potassium hydride), metal alcohol salts (sodium methoxy).
- Alkali metal alcohol salts such as potassium and potassium ethoxide
- metal hydroxides alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
- metal carbonates sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate
- Alkali metals such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, etc.
- inorganic bases such as alkali metals such as sodium hydrogen carbonate and potassium hydrogen carbonate, or alkaline earth metal hydrogen carbonates
- amines for example, tertiary amines (triethylamine) Trialkylamines such as N, N-dimethylaniline and other aromatic tertiary amines, 1-methyl And organic bases such as carboxylic acid metal salts (alkali metal acetates or
- Tannic acid (0A) and (1A) used as raw materials in the present embodiment a compound represented by condensed tannin (0-1A) or (0-2A), and (0-1A) and / or Alternatively, the method for obtaining a condensate having a structure derived from the compound represented by (0-2A) is not particularly limited, and commercially available tannic acid and condensed tannin can be used.
- the resin in the present embodiment includes, for example, a compound represented by formula (0), formula (1), and formula (0-1), or formula (0-2), and formula (0-1) and / or A condensate having a structure derived from the compound represented by the formula (0-2) (hereinafter collectively referred to as “compound represented by the formula (0)”), the formula (0), etc. It is obtained by reacting a compound having a crosslinking reactivity with a compound having a crosslinking reactivity.
- known compounds can be used without particular limitation as long as the compound represented by the formula (0) or the like can be oligomerized or polymerized.
- Specific examples thereof include, but are not limited to, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acid halides, halogen-containing compounds, amino compounds, imino compounds, isocyanates, unsaturated hydrocarbon group-containing compounds, and the like.
- a resist permanent film can also be produced using the resist composition of the present embodiment.
- the resist permanent film formed by applying the composition is applied to the final product after forming a resist pattern as necessary. It is suitable as the remaining permanent film.
- Specific examples of the permanent film are not particularly limited.
- a solder resist, a package material, an underfill material, a package adhesive layer such as a circuit element, an integrated circuit element and an adhesive layer of a circuit board, a thin display In relation, a thin film transistor protective film, a liquid crystal color filter protective film, a black matrix, a spacer, and the like can be given.
- the permanent film made of the above composition has excellent heat resistance and moisture resistance, and also has a very excellent advantage of less contamination due to sublimation components.
- a display material is a material having high sensitivity, high heat resistance, and moisture absorption reliability with little image quality deterioration due to important contamination.
- composition When the composition is used for a resist permanent film, other additives such as other resins, surfactants and dyes, fillers, cross-linking agents, and dissolution accelerators are added in addition to the curing agent. By dissolving in an organic solvent, a resist permanent film composition can be obtained.
- the resist permanent film composition can be prepared by blending the components and mixing them using a stirrer or the like. Further, when the resist underlayer film composition or resist permanent film composition contains a filler or a pigment, it is adjusted by dispersing or mixing using a dispersing device such as a dissolver, a homogenizer, or a three-roll mill. I can do it.
- a dispersing device such as a dissolver, a homogenizer, or a three-roll mill. I can do it.
- the compound or resin in this embodiment (that is, the tannin compound in this embodiment) can be purified by, for example, the following method.
- Contacting the obtained solution (S) with an acidic aqueous solution to extract impurities in the compound or the resin (first extraction step),
- the purification method in which the solvent used in the step of obtaining the solution (S) includes an organic solvent that is arbitrarily immiscible with water.
- the resin is a compound represented by the formula (0), (1) and the formula (0-1) or the formula (0-2), or the formula (0-1) and / or A resin obtained by a reaction between a condensate having a structure derived from the compound represented by formula (0-2) and a compound having cross-linking reactivity with these compounds is preferable.
- the purification method in the present embodiment the content of various metals that can be contained as impurities in the compound or resin having the specific structure described above can be reduced.
- the metal content contained as an impurity can be measured by ICP-MS analysis.
- a measuring instrument such as “ELAN DRCII” manufactured by PerkinElmer can be used.
- the compound or the resin is dissolved in an organic solvent that is arbitrarily not miscible with water to obtain a solution (S), and the solution (S) is further converted into an acidic aqueous solution.
- the extraction process can be carried out in contact with.
- the metal component contained in the solution (S) containing the tannin compound in the present embodiment is transferred to the aqueous phase, the organic phase and the aqueous phase are separated to reduce the metal content in the present embodiment.
- a tannin compound can be obtained.
- the tannin compound in the present embodiment used in the purification method in the present embodiment may be a single type or a mixture of two or more types. Moreover, the tannin compound in this embodiment may contain various surfactants, various crosslinking agents, various acid generators, various stabilizers, and the like.
- the organic solvent that is not arbitrarily miscible with water used in the purification method in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but is preferably an organic solvent that can be safely applied to a semiconductor manufacturing process. Specifically, the organic solvent can be added to water at room temperature. An organic solvent having a solubility of less than 30%, more preferably a solubility of less than 20%, and particularly preferably an organic solvent having a solubility of less than 10%. The amount of the organic solvent used is preferably 1 to 100 times by mass with respect to the tannin compound in the present embodiment to be used.
- organic solvent which is not arbitrarily miscible with water are not limited to the following, and examples include those described in International Publication No. 2015/080240.
- toluene, 2-heptanone, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethyl acetate and the like are preferable, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, cyclohexanone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate are more preferable, More preferred are methyl isobutyl ketone and ethyl acetate.
- Methyl isobutyl ketone, ethyl acetate, and the like have a relatively high saturation solubility and a relatively low boiling point of the tannin compound in the present embodiment. It becomes possible to reduce.
- These organic solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the acidic aqueous solution used in the purification method in the present embodiment can be appropriately selected from aqueous solutions in which generally known organic compounds or inorganic compounds are dissolved in water. Although it does not specifically limit as acidic aqueous solution, For example, what is described in international publication 2015/080240 is mentioned. These acidic aqueous solutions can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- one or more mineral acid aqueous solutions selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid, or acetic acid, propionic acid, succinic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid,
- One or more organic acid aqueous solutions selected from the group consisting of tartaric acid, citric acid, methanesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and trifluoroacetic acid
- sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid An aqueous solution of carboxylic acid such as tartaric acid and citric acid is more preferable, an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid and citric acid is more preferable, and an aqueous solution of succinic acid is particularly preferable.
- the water used here is preferably water having a low metal content, such as ion exchange water.
- the pH of the acidic aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to adjust the acidity of the aqueous solution in consideration of the influence on the tannin compound in the present embodiment.
- the pH range is about 0 to 5, preferably about pH 0 to 3.
- the amount of the acidic aqueous solution used is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to adjust the amount used from the viewpoint of reducing the number of extractions for removing the metal and ensuring the operability in consideration of the total liquid amount.
- the amount of the acidic aqueous solution used is preferably 10 to 200% by mass and more preferably 20 to 100% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the solution (S).
- an acidic aqueous solution is brought into contact with a solution (S) containing an organic solvent that is not arbitrarily miscible with the tannin compound and water in the present embodiment, whereby the book in the solution (S) is contacted.
- a metal component can be extracted from the tannin compound in the embodiment.
- the solution (S) further contains an organic solvent arbitrarily mixed with water.
- an organic solvent arbitrarily mixed with water is included, the amount of the tannin compound used in the present embodiment can be increased, the liquid separation property is improved, and purification can be performed with high pot efficiency.
- a method for adding an organic solvent arbitrarily mixed with water is not particularly limited. For example, any of a method of adding to a solution containing an organic solvent in advance, a method of adding to water or an acidic aqueous solution in advance, and a method of adding after bringing a solution containing an organic solvent into contact with water or an acidic aqueous solution may be used. Among these, the method of adding to a solution containing an organic solvent in advance is preferable from the viewpoint of the workability of the operation and the ease of management of the charged amount.
- the organic solvent arbitrarily mixed with water is not particularly limited, but an organic solvent that can be safely applied to a semiconductor manufacturing process is preferable.
- the amount of the organic solvent arbitrarily mixed with water is not particularly limited as long as the solution phase and the aqueous phase are separated, but is 0.1 to 100 times the mass of the tannin compound in the present embodiment. It is preferably 0.1 to 50 times by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20 times by mass.
- organic solvent arbitrarily mixed with water examples are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those described in International Publication No. 2015/080240.
- N-methylpyrrolidone, propylene glycol monomethyl ether and the like are preferable, and N-methylpyrrolidone and propylene glycol monomethyl ether are more preferable.
- These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the temperature at which the solution (S) is contacted with the acidic aqueous solution is preferably 20 to 90 ° C., more preferably 30 to 80 ° C. Range.
- extraction operation is not specifically limited, For example, after mixing a solution (S) and acidic aqueous solution thoroughly by stirring etc., it is performed by leaving the obtained mixed solution still. Thereby, the metal component contained in the solution (1) containing the tannin compound and the organic solvent in the present embodiment is transferred to the aqueous phase. Moreover, the acidity of solution (S) falls by this operation, and the alteration of the tannin compound in this embodiment can be suppressed.
- the mixed solution is allowed to stand to separate into a solution phase containing the tannin compound and the organic solvent in the present embodiment and an aqueous phase. Therefore, the tannin compound and the organic solvent in the present embodiment are separated by decantation or the like.
- the containing solution phase is recovered.
- the standing time is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to adjust the standing time from the viewpoint of improving the separation between the solution phase containing the organic solvent and the aqueous phase.
- the time for standing is 1 minute or longer, preferably 10 minutes or longer, more preferably 30 minutes or longer.
- the extraction process may be performed only once, but it is also effective to repeat the operations of mixing, standing, and separation a plurality of times.
- the solution phase containing the tannin compound in the present embodiment is further brought into contact with water to extract impurities in the tannin compound in the present embodiment (second step).
- an extraction step Specifically, for example, after performing the extraction treatment using an acidic aqueous solution, the solution phase containing the tannin compound and the organic solvent in the present embodiment extracted and recovered from the aqueous solution is further extracted with water. It is preferable to use for a process.
- the extraction process with water is not particularly limited, for example, after the solution phase and water are mixed well by stirring or the like, the obtained mixed solution can be left still.
- the mixed solution after standing is separated into a solution phase containing the tannin compound and the organic solvent in the present embodiment and an aqueous phase, and therefore a solution phase containing the tannin compound and the organic solvent in the present embodiment by decantation or the like.
- the water used here is preferably water with a low metal content, such as ion exchange water.
- the extraction process may be performed only once, but it is also effective to repeat the operations of mixing, standing, and separation a plurality of times. Further, the use ratio of both in the extraction process, conditions such as temperature and time are not particularly limited, but they may be the same as those in the contact process with the acidic aqueous solution.
- the water that can be mixed into the solution containing the tannin compound and the organic solvent in the present embodiment thus obtained can be easily removed by performing an operation such as vacuum distillation. Moreover, an organic solvent can be added to the said solution as needed, and the density
- the method for isolating the tannin compound in the present embodiment from the obtained solution containing the tannin compound and the organic solvent in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and known methods such as removal under reduced pressure, separation by reprecipitation, and combinations thereof. It can be done by the method. Moreover, well-known processes, such as concentration operation, filtration operation, centrifugation operation, and drying operation, can be performed as needed.
- the resist composition of this embodiment can form an amorphous film by spin coating. Depending on the type of developer used, either a positive resist pattern or a negative resist pattern can be created.
- the dissolution rate of the amorphous film formed by spin-coating the resist composition of the present embodiment with respect to the developer at 23 ° C. is preferably 5 ⁇ / sec or less, and 0.05 to 5 ⁇ / It is more preferable that it is sec, and it is more preferable that it is 0.0005 to 5 cm / sec. When the dissolution rate is 5 kg / sec or less, the resist is insoluble in the developer and tends to be easily formed as a resist.
- the dissolution rate is 0.0005 K / sec or more
- the resolution tends to be improved. This is presumably because the contrast of the exposed portion of the tannin compound before and after exposure in the present embodiment increases the interface contrast between the exposed portion dissolved in the developer and the unexposed portion not dissolved in the developer. Further, there is an effect of reducing LER and reducing defects.
- the dissolution rate of the amorphous film formed by spin coating the resist composition of the present embodiment with respect to the developer at 23 ° C. is preferably 10 ⁇ / sec or more.
- the dissolution rate is 10 ⁇ / sec or more, it is easily dissolved in a developer and more suitable for a resist.
- the dissolution rate is 10 ⁇ / sec or more, the resolution tends to be improved. This is presumed to be because the micro surface portion of the tannin compound in the present embodiment is dissolved and LER is reduced. In addition, there is an effect of reducing defects.
- the dissolution rate can be determined by immersing the amorphous film in a developer for a predetermined time at 23 ° C., and measuring the film thickness before and after the immersion by a known method such as visual observation, ellipsometer, or QCM method. .
- a portion exposed to radiation such as KrF excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet light, electron beam or X-ray of an amorphous film formed by spin-coating the resist composition of this embodiment is applied to a developer at 23 ° C.
- the dissolution rate is preferably 10 ⁇ / sec or more.
- the dissolution rate is 10 ⁇ / sec or more, it is easily dissolved in a developing solution and more suitable for a resist.
- the dissolution rate is 10 ⁇ / sec or more, the resolution tends to be improved. This is presumed to be because the micro surface portion of the tannin compound in the present embodiment is dissolved and LER is reduced. In addition, there is an effect of reducing defects.
- the amorphous film formed by spin-coating the resist composition of this embodiment is exposed to a developing solution at 23 ° C. at a portion exposed by radiation such as KrF excimer laser, extreme ultraviolet light, electron beam or X-ray.
- the dissolution rate is preferably 5 kg / sec or less, more preferably 0.05 to 5 kg / sec, and further preferably 0.0005 to 5 kg / sec.
- the dissolution rate is 5 kg / sec or less, the resist is insoluble in the developer and tends to be easily formed as a resist.
- the dissolution rate is 0.0005 K / sec or more, the resolution tends to be improved. This is presumably because the contrast of the tannin compound before and after exposure in the present embodiment increases the interface contrast between the unexposed portion dissolved in the developer and the exposed portion not dissolved in the developer. Further, there is an effect of reducing LER and reducing defects.
- the resist composition of this embodiment contains the tannin compound in this embodiment as a solid component. That is, the resist composition of the present embodiment includes compounds represented by formulas (0), (1), and formulas (0-1), or formulas (0-2), and formulas (0-1) and / or Or a compound represented by one or more condensates selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by formula (0-2), formula (0), (1), and formula (0-1), or Represented by one or more condensates selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by formula (0-2) and a compound represented by formula (0-1) and / or formula (0-2) You may contain the resin obtained by using a compound as a monomer individually or in combination.
- the resist composition of this embodiment preferably further contains a solvent.
- a solvent for example, the thing of international publication 2013/024778 is mentioned.
- the solvent contained in the resist composition of the present embodiment is preferably a safe solvent, and more preferably, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME), cyclohexanone (CHN), cyclopentanone. It is at least one selected from (CPN), 2-heptanone, anisole, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate and ethyl lactate, and more preferably at least one selected from PGMEA, PGME and CHN.
- PGMEA propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate
- PGME propylene glycol monomethyl ether
- CHN cyclohexanone
- cyclopentanone It is at least one selected from (CPN), 2-heptanone, anisole, butyl acetate, ethyl propionate and ethyl lactate, and more preferably at least one selected from PGMEA, PGME and CHN.
- the ratio of the amount of the solid component and the amount of the solvent is not particularly limited, but the solid component is 1 to 80% by mass and the solvent is 100% by mass with respect to the total mass of the solid component and the solvent. It is preferably 20 to 99% by mass, more preferably 1 to 50% by mass of the solid component and 50 to 99% by mass of the solvent, further preferably 2 to 40% by mass of the solid component and 60 to 98% by mass of the solvent. Preferably, the solid component is 2 to 10% by mass and the solvent is 90 to 98% by mass.
- the resist composition of this embodiment may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of an acid generator (P), an acid diffusion controller (E), and other components (F) as other solid components. Good.
- the content of the tannin compound in this embodiment is not particularly limited, but the total mass of solid components (tannin compound, acid generator (P), acid diffusion controller in this embodiment ( 50) to 99.4% by mass, more preferably 55 to 90% by mass, more preferably 55 to 90% by mass of the total of optionally used solid components such as E) and other components (F), and so on) 60 to 80% by mass, particularly preferably 60 to 70% by mass.
- the content of the tannin compound in this embodiment is in the above range, the resolution is further improved and the line edge roughness (LER) tends to be further reduced.
- the said content is the total amount (namely, total amount of a compound and resin) in this embodiment.
- the resist composition of this embodiment generates an acid directly or indirectly by irradiation with any radiation selected from visible light, ultraviolet light, excimer laser, electron beam, extreme ultraviolet light (EUV), X-ray and ion beam. It is preferable to contain one or more acid generators (P).
- the content of the acid generator (P) in the resist composition is preferably 0.001 to 49% by mass, more preferably 1 to 40% by mass, and more preferably 3 to 30% by mass with respect to the total mass of the solid component. More preferred is 10 to 25% by mass.
- the content of the acid generator (P) is within the above range, a pattern profile with higher sensitivity and lower edge roughness tends to be obtained.
- the acid generation method is not limited as long as an acid is generated in the system. If an excimer laser is used instead of ultraviolet rays such as g-line and i-line, finer processing is possible. Further, if electron beams, extreme ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and ion beams are used as high energy rays, further fine processing is possible. Is possible.
- the acid generator (P) is not particularly limited, and those described in International Publication 2013/024778 can be used. Among these acid generators, an acid generator having an aromatic ring is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance, and an acid generator represented by the following formula (8-1) or (8-2) is more preferable.
- R 13 may be the same or different, and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, a linear, branched or cyclic group.
- R 14 s may be the same or different and each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group, a linear, branched or cyclic group. Represents an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group or a halogen atom, X ⁇ is the same as defined above.
- X in the formula (8-1) or (8-2) - is an acid generator having a sulfonic acid ion having an aryl group or a halogen-substituted aryl group is more preferably an acid generator having a sulfonic acid ion having an aryl group Even more preferred are diphenyltrimethylphenylsulfonium-p-toluenesulfonate, triphenylsulfonium-p-toluenesulfonate, triphenylsulfonium trifluoromethanesulfonate, and triphenylsulfonium nonafluoromethanesulfonate. LER tends to be reduced by using the acid generator.
- the acid generator (P) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the resist composition of the present embodiment is an acid diffusion control agent having an action of controlling an undesired chemical reaction in an unexposed region by controlling diffusion of an acid generated from an acid generator by irradiation in a resist film.
- (E) may be contained.
- the acid diffusion controller (E) the storage stability of the resist composition is improved. Further, the resolution is further improved, and a change in the line width of the resist pattern due to fluctuations in the holding time before radiation irradiation and the holding time after radiation irradiation can be suppressed, and the process stability is extremely excellent.
- the acid diffusion control agent (E) is not particularly limited, and for example, a radiolytic base such as a nitrogen atom-containing basic compound, basic sulfonium compound, basic iodonium compound and the like described in International Publication 2013/024778. Compounds.
- the acid diffusion controller (E) can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the acid diffusion controller (E) is preferably 0.001 to 49% by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, and still more preferably 0.01 to 5% by mass, based on the total mass of the solid component. 0.01 to 3% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the content of the acid diffusion control agent (E) is within the above range, deterioration of resolution, pattern shape, dimensional fidelity and the like tend to be further suppressed. Furthermore, even if the holding time from electron beam irradiation to heating after radiation irradiation becomes long, the shape of the pattern upper layer portion is less likely to deteriorate. Moreover, it exists in the tendency which can prevent a fall of a sensitivity, the developability of an unexposed part, etc.
- an acid diffusion control agent (E) is 10 mass% or less. Further, by using such an acid diffusion control agent, the storage stability of the resist composition is improved, the resolution is improved, and due to fluctuations in the holding time before irradiation and the holding time after irradiation. Changes in the line width of the resist pattern can be suppressed, and the process stability is extremely excellent.
- the resist composition of the present embodiment includes, as necessary, other components (F), a dissolution accelerator, a dissolution controller, a sensitizer, an acid crosslinking agent, an interface, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- a dissolution accelerator e.g., a dissolution accelerator
- a dissolution controller e.g., a sensitizer
- an acid crosslinking agent e.g., an organic carboxylic acids or phosphorus oxo acids or derivatives thereof can be added.
- the dissolution accelerator When the solubility of the tannin compound in the present embodiment in the developer is too low, the dissolution accelerator has an action of increasing the solubility and appropriately increasing the dissolution rate of the tannin compound in the present embodiment at the time of development. It is a component and can be used as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the dissolution accelerator include low molecular weight phenolic compounds such as bisphenols and tris (hydroxyphenyl) methane. These dissolution promoters can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the dissolution accelerator is appropriately adjusted according to the type of tannin compound in the present embodiment to be used, but is preferably 0 to 49% by mass, more preferably 0 to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the solid component, 0 to 1% by mass is more preferable, and 0% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the dissolution control agent is a component having an action of controlling the solubility of the tannin compound in the present embodiment and appropriately reducing the dissolution rate during development when the solubility in the developer is too high.
- a dissolution control agent those that do not chemically change in steps such as baking of resist film, irradiation with radiation, and development are preferable.
- the dissolution control agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as phenanthrene, anthracene, and acenaphthene; ketones such as acetophenone, benzophenone, and phenylnaphthyl ketone; methylphenylsulfone, diphenylsulfone, dinaphthylsulfone, and the like. Examples include sulfones. These dissolution control agents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the dissolution control agent is not particularly limited and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of the tannin compound in the present embodiment, but is preferably 0 to 49% by mass of the total mass of the solid component, and 0 to 5% by mass. More preferably, 0 to 1% by mass is further preferable, and 0% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the sensitizer absorbs the energy of the irradiated radiation and transmits the energy to the acid generator (P), thereby increasing the amount of acid generated and improving the apparent sensitivity of the resist. It is a component to be made.
- a sensitizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include benzophenones, biacetyls, pyrenes, phenothiazines, and fluorenes. These sensitizers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the sensitizer is appropriately adjusted according to the type of tannin compound in the present embodiment, but is preferably 0 to 49% by mass, more preferably 0 to 5% by mass, and more preferably 0 to 1% by mass is more preferable, and 0% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the acid crosslinking agent is a compound that can crosslink the tannin compound in the present embodiment within a molecule or between molecules in the presence of an acid generated from the acid generator (P).
- Such an acid crosslinking agent is not particularly limited, and for example, those described in International Publication No. WO2013 / 024778 can be used.
- the acid crosslinking agent can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the acid crosslinking agent is preferably 0 to 49% by mass, more preferably 0 to 5% by mass, still more preferably 0 to 1% by mass, and particularly preferably 0% by mass, based on the total mass of the solid component.
- the surfactant is a component having an action of improving the coating property and striation of the resist composition of the present embodiment, the developing property of the resist, and the like.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited, and may be anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric. Among these, nonionic surfactants are preferable.
- the nonionic surfactant has good affinity with the solvent used in the production of the resist composition, and the above action becomes more remarkable. Examples of the nonionic surfactant include those described in International Publication 2013/024778.
- the content of the surfactant is not particularly limited and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of the tannin compound in the present embodiment to be used, but is preferably 0 to 49% by mass, and preferably 0 to 5% by mass based on the total mass of the solid component. % Is more preferable, 0 to 1% by mass is further preferable, and 0% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the resist composition of the present embodiment may further contain an organic carboxylic acid or an oxo acid of phosphorus or a derivative thereof as an optional component for the purpose of preventing sensitivity deterioration or improving the resist pattern shape, retention stability, and the like. Good. These components can be used in combination with an acid diffusion controller, or may be used alone.
- the organic carboxylic acid is not particularly limited, and for example, malonic acid, citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid and the like are preferable.
- Examples of the oxo acid of phosphorus or derivatives thereof include phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid di-n-butyl ester, phosphoric acid such as diphenyl ester, or derivatives thereof; phosphonic acid, phosphonic acid dimethyl ester, phosphonic acid di- Derivatives such as phosphonic acids such as n-butyl ester, phenylphosphonic acid, phosphonic acid diphenyl ester, phosphonic acid dibenzyl ester or the like; phosphinic acids such as phosphinic acid, phenylphosphinic acid and derivatives thereof. Of these, phosphonic acid is particularly preferable.
- Organic carboxylic acid or phosphorus oxo acid or derivatives thereof can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the organic carboxylic acid or phosphorus oxoacid or derivative thereof is appropriately adjusted according to the type of tannin compound in the present embodiment to be used, but is preferably 0 to 49% by mass based on the total mass of the solid component. To 5% by mass is more preferable, 0 to 1% by mass is further preferable, and 0% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the resist composition of the present embodiment may contain one or more additives other than the dissolution control agent, the sensitizer, and the surfactant as necessary, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- additives are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dyes, pigments, and adhesion aids.
- it is preferable to contain a dye or pigment because the latent image in the exposed area can be visualized and the influence of halation during exposure can be reduced.
- an adhesion assistant since the adhesion to the substrate can be improved.
- additives are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an antihalation agent, a storage stabilizer, an antifoaming agent, a shape improving agent, and the like, specifically, 4-hydroxy-4′-methylchalcone and the like. be able to.
- the total content of the optional component (F) is preferably 0 to 49% by mass, more preferably 0 to 5% by mass, still more preferably 0 to 1% by mass, and particularly preferably 0% by mass based on the total mass of the solid component.
- the contents of the tannin compound, acid generator (P), acid diffusion controller (E), and optional component (F) in this embodiment is mass% based on solid matter, preferably 50 to 99.4 / 0.001 to 49 / 0.001 to 49/0 to 49, more preferably 55 to 90/1 to 40 / 0.01 to 10/0 to 5, still more preferably 60 to 80/3 to 30 / 0.01 to 5/0 to 1, particularly preferably 60 to 70. / 10 to 25 / 0.01 to 3/0.
- the content ratio of each component is selected from each range so that the sum is 100% by mass. When the content ratio of each component is in the above range, the performance such as sensitivity, resolution, developability and the like tends to be further improved.
- the method of preparing the resist composition of the present embodiment is not particularly limited.
- each component is dissolved in a solvent at the time of use to form a uniform solution, and then, for example, with a filter having a pore diameter of about 0.2 ⁇ m as necessary.
- the method of filtering etc. are mentioned.
- the resist composition of the present embodiment can contain various resins as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the various resins are not particularly limited.
- novolak resins polyvinylphenols, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, styrene-maleic anhydride resins, and acrylic acid, vinyl alcohol, or vinylphenol as monomer units. Examples thereof include polymers or derivatives thereof.
- the content of the resin is not particularly limited and is appropriately adjusted according to the type of tannin compound in the present embodiment to be used, but is preferably 30 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts per 100 parts by mass of the compound or resin. It is not more than part by mass, more preferably not more than 5 parts by mass, particularly preferably 0 part by mass.
- the method for forming the resist pattern of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and as a suitable method, a step of forming a resist film on the substrate using the resist composition described above, and a step of exposing the formed resist film And a step of developing the exposed resist film to form a resist pattern.
- the resist pattern in this embodiment can also be formed as an upper layer resist in a multilayer process.
- the method for forming a specific resist pattern is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the following methods.
- a resist film is formed by applying the resist composition onto a conventionally known substrate by a coating means such as spin coating, cast coating, roll coating or the like.
- the conventionally known substrate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a substrate for electronic parts and a substrate on which a predetermined wiring pattern is formed. More specifically, although not particularly limited, for example, a silicon substrate, a metal substrate such as copper, chromium, iron, and aluminum, a glass substrate, and the like can be given.
- the material for the wiring pattern is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include copper, aluminum, nickel, and gold. If necessary, an inorganic film and / or an organic film may be provided on the substrate.
- the inorganic film is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inorganic antireflection film (inorganic BARC). Although it does not specifically limit as an organic film
- the substrate coated with the resist composition is heated.
- the heating conditions vary depending on the composition of the resist composition, but are preferably 20 to 250 ° C., more preferably 20 to 150 ° C. Heating the substrate is preferable because the adhesion of the resist to the substrate tends to be improved.
- the resist film is exposed to a desired pattern with any radiation selected from the group consisting of visible light, ultraviolet light, excimer laser, electron beam, extreme ultraviolet light (EUV), X-ray, and ion beam.
- the exposure conditions and the like are appropriately selected according to the composition of the resist composition.
- the resist pattern forming method of the present embodiment it is preferable to heat after irradiation in order to stably form a high-precision fine pattern in exposure.
- the heating conditions vary depending on the composition of the resist composition, but are preferably 20 to 250 ° C., more preferably 20 to 150 ° C.
- the exposed resist film is developed with a developer to form a predetermined resist pattern.
- a solvent having a solubility parameter (SP value) close to that of the tannin compound used in the present embodiment and a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, an amide solvent, an ether.
- a polar solvent such as a solvent, a hydrocarbon solvent, or an alkaline aqueous solution can be used.
- a positive resist pattern or a negative resist pattern can be created, but generally polar solvents such as ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents, ether solvents, etc.
- a hydrocarbon solvent a negative resist pattern is obtained.
- an alkaline aqueous solution a positive resist pattern is obtained.
- the water content of the developer as a whole is preferably less than 70% by mass, more preferably less than 50% by mass, and less than 30% by mass. More preferably, it is even more preferably less than 10% by weight, and it is particularly preferable that the material substantially does not contain moisture. That is, the content of the organic solvent with respect to the developer is not particularly limited, and is preferably 30% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and 50% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the developer. Is more preferably 70% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, still more preferably 90% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 95% by mass or more and 100% by mass or less.
- the alkaline aqueous solution is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include mono-, di- or trialkylamines, mono-, di- or trialkanolamines, heterocyclic amines, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), choline. And alkaline compounds such as
- the developer contains at least one solvent selected from a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, an amide solvent, and an ether solvent, so that the resist pattern resolution and roughness can be improved. This is preferable because the resist performance tends to be further improved.
- the vapor pressure of the developer is not particularly limited. For example, at 20 ° C., 5 kPa or less is preferable, 3 kPa or less is more preferable, and 2 kPa or less is more preferable.
- the vapor pressure of the developing solution is set to 5 kPa or less, evaporation of the developing solution on the substrate or in the developing cup is suppressed, temperature uniformity in the wafer surface is improved, and as a result, dimensional uniformity in the wafer surface is improved. It tends to improve.
- Specific examples of the developer having a vapor pressure of 5 kPa or less include those described in International Publication 2013/024778.
- Specific examples of the developer having a vapor pressure of 2 kPa or less, which is a particularly preferable range, include those described in International Publication 2013/024778.
- the surfactant is not particularly limited, and for example, ionic or nonionic fluorine-based and / or silicon-based surfactants can be used.
- fluorine and / or silicon surfactants include, for example, JP-A-62-36663, JP-A-61-226746, JP-A-61-226745, JP-A-62-170950.
- the amount of the surfactant used is usually 0.001 to 5% by mass, preferably 0.005 to 2% by mass, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.5% by mass with respect to the total amount of the developer.
- a development method for example, a method in which a substrate is immersed in a tank filled with a developer for a certain period of time (dip method), a method in which the developer is raised on the surface of the substrate by surface tension and is left stationary for a certain time (paddle) Method), a method of spraying the developer on the substrate surface (spray method), a method of continuously applying the developer while scanning the developer application nozzle at a constant speed on a substrate rotating at a constant speed (dynamic dispensing method) ) Etc.
- the time for developing the pattern is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 seconds to 90 seconds.
- a step of stopping development may be performed while substituting with another solvent.
- the rinsing liquid used in the rinsing step after development is not particularly limited as long as it does not dissolve the resist pattern cured by crosslinking, and a solution or water containing a general organic solvent can be used.
- a rinsing liquid containing at least one organic solvent selected from hydrocarbon solvents, ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, amide solvents and ether solvents.
- a washing step is performed using a rinse solution containing at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ketone solvents, ester solvents, alcohol solvents, and amide solvents.
- a cleaning step is performed using a rinse solution containing an alcohol solvent or an ester solvent. Even more preferably, after the development, a step of washing with a rinsing solution containing a monohydric alcohol is performed. Particularly preferably, after the development, a step of washing with a rinsing solution containing a monohydric alcohol of C5 or higher is performed.
- the time for rinsing the pattern is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 seconds to 90 seconds.
- the monohydric alcohol used in the rinsing step after development is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include those described in International Publication 2013/024778.
- a plurality of the above components may be mixed, or may be used by mixing with an organic solvent other than the above.
- the water content in the rinsing liquid is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 3% by mass or less. When the water content in the rinsing liquid is 10% by mass or less, better development characteristics tend to be obtained.
- the vapor pressure of the rinse liquid used after development is preferably 0.05 kPa or more and 5 kPa or less, more preferably 0.1 kPa or more and 5 kPa or less, and further preferably 0.12 kPa or more and 3 kPa or less at 20 ° C.
- An appropriate amount of a surfactant can be added to the rinse solution.
- the developed wafer is cleaned using a rinsing solution containing the organic solvent.
- the cleaning method is not particularly limited.
- a method of continuously applying a rinsing liquid onto a substrate rotating at a constant speed (rotary coating method), and immersing the substrate in a tank filled with the rinsing liquid for a certain period of time.
- the pattern wiring board is obtained by etching.
- Etching can be performed by a known method such as dry etching using plasma gas and wet etching using an alkali solution, a cupric chloride solution, a ferric chloride solution, or the like.
- plating after forming the resist pattern.
- plating method For example, copper plating, solder plating, nickel plating, gold plating, etc. are mentioned.
- the residual resist pattern after etching can be stripped with an organic solvent.
- organic solvent For example, PGMEA (propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate), PGME (propylene glycol monomethyl ether), EL (ethyl lactate) etc. are mentioned.
- peeling method For example, the immersion method, a spray system, etc. are mentioned.
- the wiring board on which the resist pattern is formed may be a multilayer wiring board or may have a small diameter through hole.
- the wiring board can also be formed by a method of depositing a metal in a vacuum after forming a resist pattern and then dissolving the resist pattern with a solution, that is, a lift-off method.
- the storage stability of the resist composition was prepared by allowing the resist composition to stand for 3 days at 23 ° C. and 50% RH, and visually checking for precipitation. Evaluation was made by observation. The resist composition after standing for 3 days was evaluated as “A” when it was a homogeneous solution and there was no precipitation, and “C” when there was precipitation. Moreover, after spin-coating the resist composition of a uniform state on the clean silicon wafer, it baked before exposure in 110 degreeC oven, and formed the resist film with a thickness of 40 nm. The prepared resist composition was evaluated as “A” when the thin film formation was good and “C” when the formed film had defects.
- the resist film was washed with ultrapure water for 30 seconds and dried to form a positive resist pattern.
- the line and space was observed with a scanning electron microscope (“S-4800” manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), and the reactivity of the resist composition by electron beam irradiation was evaluated.
- “Sensitivity” is the minimum amount of energy per unit area required to obtain a pattern, and was evaluated according to the following.
- C When a pattern is obtained at 50 ⁇ C / cm 2 or more
- “Pattern formation” is an SEM (scanning electron microscope: Scanning Electron Microscope). ) And evaluated according to the following.
- C When a non-rectangular pattern is obtained
- the reaction mixture was added dropwise to a 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and the resulting black solid was collected by filtration and separated and purified by column chromatography to obtain 7.8 g of the target compound represented by the following formula (TNA-ADBAC).
- the obtained compound (TNA-ADBAC) was subjected to NMR measurement under the above-described measurement conditions. As a result, the following peaks were found and confirmed to have a chemical structure represented by the following formula (TNA-ADBAC).
- the reaction mixture was added dropwise to a 1N aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, and the resulting black solid was filtered off and separated and purified by column chromatography to obtain 1.01 g of the target compound represented by the following formula (TNA-ADBAC100).
- the obtained compound (TNA-ADBAC100) was subjected to NMR measurement under the above measurement conditions. As a result, the following peaks were found and confirmed to have a chemical structure of the following formula (TNA-ADBAC100).
- ethylbenzene (special grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) as a diluent solvent was added to the reaction solution, and after standing, the lower aqueous phase was removed. Further, neutralization and washing with water were performed, and ethylbenzene and unreacted 1,5-dimethylnaphthalene were distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain 1.25 kg of a light brown solid dimethylnaphthalene formaldehyde resin.
- ethylbenzene special grade reagent manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- a four-necked flask with an internal volume of 0.5 L equipped with a Dimroth condenser, a thermometer, and a stirring blade was prepared.
- This four-necked flask was charged with 100 g (0.51 mol) of the dimethylnaphthalene formaldehyde resin obtained as described above and 0.05 g of paratoluenesulfonic acid in a nitrogen stream, and the temperature was raised to 190 ° C. Stir after heating for hours. Thereafter, 52.0 g (0.36 mol) of 1-naphthol was further added, and the temperature was further raised to 220 ° C. to react for 2 hours. After the solvent was diluted, neutralization and water washing were performed, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain 126.1 g of a dark brown solid modified resin (CR-1).
- CR-1 dark brown solid modified resin
- the pattern evaluation was carried out using the resist compositions obtained in the examples and comparative examples by the measurement method described above.
- Example 1 a good positive resist pattern was obtained by irradiation with an electron beam with a line and space setting of 1: 1 at 50 nm intervals.
- the resist compositions obtained in Examples 1 to 6 were excellent in both sensitivity and pattern shape.
- the compound in the present embodiment has high solubility in a safe solvent, and the resist composition containing the compound has good storage stability and can form an excellent thin film. Further, the comparative compound (CR As compared with a resist composition containing -1-BOC), it has been found that it has high sensitivity and can provide an excellent resist pattern shape. In addition, as long as the requirements of the present invention are satisfied, compounds other than the compounds described in the examples also show the same effect.
- the resist composition of the present invention, the pattern forming method using the same, and the compound and resin include, for example, an electrical insulating material, a resist resin, a semiconductor sealing resin, an adhesive for a printed wiring board, Electrical laminates mounted on electrical equipment / electronic equipment / industrial equipment, prepreg matrix resin, build-up laminate materials, fiber reinforced plastic resins, liquid crystal displays mounted on electrical equipment / electronic equipment / industrial equipment, etc. It can be used widely and effectively for panel sealing resins, paints, various coating agents, adhesives, semiconductor coating agents, semiconductor resist resins, lower layer film forming resins, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
これらの問題を改善するレジスト材料として、チタン、ハフニウムやジルコニウムを有する無機レジスト材料が提案されている(例えば、特許文献5及び特許文献6)。
非特許文献2には溶解性についての記載がなく、また、化合物の耐熱性はいまだ十分ではなく、耐熱性の一段の向上が求められている。
また、特許文献4に記載された組成物は、用いているタンニン及びその誘導体は混合物であるため、例えば、ロット毎に特性が変化する等の製品安定性に問題が出るおそれがある。
さらに、特許文献5及び6に記載されたレジスト材料は、比較的高感度であるものの、未だ十分であるとはいえない。また安全溶媒に対する溶解性が低い、保存安定性が悪い、膜に欠陥が多い等の欠点がある。
[1] 少なくとも一つの酸解離性反応基を構造中に含むタンニン及びその誘導体、並びに、これらをモノマーとして得られる樹脂からなる群から選択されるタンニン化合物を1種以上含む、レジスト組成物。
[2] 前記タンニン化合物が、下記式(0)で表される化合物、及び下記式(0)で表される化合物をモノマーとして得られる樹脂からなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、前記[1]に記載のレジスト組成物。
[3] 前記タンニン化合物が、下記式(0-1)又は下記式(0-2)で表される化合物、及び、下記式(0-1)及び/又は下記式(0-2)で表される化合物に由来する構造を有する縮合物、並びに、これらをモノマーとして得られる樹脂、からなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、前記[1]に記載のレジスト組成物。
[4] 前記式(0)で表される化合物は、下記式(1)で表される化合物である、前記[2]に記載のレジスト組成物。
[5] 溶媒をさらに含む、前記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載のレジスト組成物。
[6] 酸発生剤をさらに含む前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のレジスト組成物。
[7] 酸拡散制御剤をさらに含む、前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のレジスト組成物。
[8] 前記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のレジスト組成物を用いて基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程と、前記レジスト膜を露光する工程と、前記レジスト膜を現像してパターンを形成する工程と、を含むパターン形成方法。
[9] 下記式(0)で表される化合物。
[10] 前記[9]に記載の化合物をモノマーとして得られる樹脂。
[11] 下記式(0-1)又は下記式(0-2)で表される化合物、及び、下記一般式(0-1)及び/又は下記一般式(0-2)で表される化合物に由来する構造を有する縮合物、からなる群から選択される1種である化合物。
[12] 前記[11]に記載の化合物をモノマーとして得られる樹脂。
[13] 下記式(1)で表される化合物。
[14] 前記[13]に記載の化合物をモノマーとして得られる樹脂。
また、本発明により、安全溶媒に対する溶解性の高い化合物又は樹脂を提供できる。
本実施形態のレジスト組成物は、少なくとも一つの酸解離性反応基を構造中に含むタンニン及びその誘導体、並びに、これらをモノマーとして得られる樹脂からなる群から選択されるタンニン化合物を1種以上含む(以下、これらを総称して「本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物」と称する)。本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物は、少なくとも一つの酸解離性反応基を構造中に含むものであれば、タンニン酸誘導体や後述する縮合型タンニンを含む一般的なタンニン誘導体から選ばれる化合物を使用することが出来る。
本実施形態における式(0)で表される化合物は以下のとおりである。
上述のように、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物として、縮合型タンニン化合物を用いることができる。本実施形態における縮合型タンニン化合物としては、例えば、下記化合物から選ばれる少なくとも一種が挙げられる。なお、下記(3)における縮合物は、式(0-1)及び式(0-2)で表される化合物に由来する構造のいずれかのみを有するものであってもよいし、両式に由来する構造を含むものであってもよい。また、前記縮合物に含まれる各式に由来する構造の数は特に限定されるものではない。
(1)下記式(0-1)で表される化合物
(2)下記式(0-2)で表される化合物
(3)下記式(0-1)及び/又は下記式(0-2)で表される化合物に由来する構造を有する縮合物
(4)前記(1)~(3)をモノマーとして得られる樹脂
本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物としては、下記式(0-3)に示すケプラタンニン誘導体、下記式(0-4)に示すワットルタンニン誘導体などの縮合型タンニン誘導体も好適に使用できる。
本実施形態のレジスト組成物に含まれるタンニン化合物は、前記式(0)などに示すとおり、少なくとも一つの酸解離性反応基を含むため、リソグラフィーにおいて高感度が期待できる。またベンゼン骨格を有するため、耐熱性に優れる。さらに、天然物に由来するタンニン酸を原料として使用できるため、安価に得ることができる。
置換の炭素数1~20の直鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、フルオロメチル基、2-ヒドロキシエチル基、3-シアノプロピル基及び20-ニトロオクタデシル基等が挙げられる。
置換の炭素数3~20の分岐脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、1-フルオロイソプロピル基及び1-ヒドロキシ-2-オクタデシル基等が挙げられる。
置換の炭素数3~20の環状脂肪族炭化水素基としては、例えば、2-フルオロシクロプロピル基及び4-シアノシクロヘキシル基等が挙げられる。
置換の炭素数6~20のアリール基としては、例えば、4-イソプロピルフェニル基、4-シクロヘキシルフェニル基、4-メチルフェニル基、6-フルオロナフチル基等が挙げられる。
置換の炭素数2~20のアルケニル基としては、例えば、クロロプロピニル基等が挙げられる。
本明細書において「酸解離性反応基」とは、酸の存在下で開裂して、アルカリ可溶性基等に変化を生じる特性基をいう。アルカリ可溶性基としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、フェノール性水酸基、カルボキシル基、スルホン酸基、ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール基等が挙げられ、中でも、導入試薬の入手容易性の観点から、フェノール性水酸基及びカルボキシル基が好ましく、フェノール性水酸基が特に好ましい。
炭素数3~12のシクロアルカンの具体例としては、以下に限定されないが、モノシクロアルカン、ビシクロアルカン、トリシクロアルカン、テトラシクロアルカン等が挙げられ、より具体的には、以下に限定されないが、シクロプロパン、シクロブタン、シクロペンタン、シクロヘキサン等のモノシクロアルカンや、アダマンタン、ノルボルナン、イソボルナン、トリシクロデカン、テトラシクロデカン等のポリシクロアルカンが挙げられる。これらの中でも、アダマンタン、トリシクロデカン、テトラシクロデカンが好ましく、アダマンタン、トリシクロデカンがより好ましい。炭素数3~12のシクロアルカンは置換基を有してもよい。
ラクトンとしては、以下に限定されないが、例えば、ブチロラクトン又はラクトン基を有する炭素数3~12のシクロアルカン基が挙げられる。
6~12の芳香族環としては、以下に限定されないが、例えば、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、アントラセン環、フェナントレン環、ピレン環等が挙げられ、ベンゼン環、ナフタレン環が好ましく、ナフタレン環がより好ましい。
式(0)及び(1)で表される化合物の製造方法としては特に限定されないが、例えば、下記式(0A)及び(1A)で示されるタンニン酸の少なくとも1つのフェノール性水酸基に酸解離性反応基を導入することで得られる。
酸解離性反応基を導入するための化合物は、公知の方法で合成もしくは容易に入手でき、例えば、酸クロライド、酸無水物、ジカーボネートなどの活性カルボン酸誘導体化合物、アルキルハライド、ビニルアルキルエーテル、ジヒドロピラン、ハロカルボン酸アルキルエステルなどが挙げられるが、特に限定はされない。
アセトン、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドン等の非プロトン性溶媒に前記タンニン酸(1A)を溶解又は懸濁させる。続いて、エチルビニルエーテル等のビニルアルキルエーテル又はジヒドロピランを加え、ピリジニウム-p-トルエンスルホナート等の酸触媒の存在下、常圧で、20~60℃、6~72時間反応させる。反応液をアルカリ化合物で中和し、蒸留水に加え白色固体を析出させた後、分離した白色固体を蒸留水で洗浄し、乾燥することにより前記式(1)で示される化合物を得ることができる。
アセトン、THF、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドン等の非プロトン性溶媒にタンニン酸(1A)を溶解又は懸濁させる。続いて、エチルクロロメチルエーテル等のアルキルハライド又はブロモ酢酸メチルアダマンチル等のハロカルボン酸アルキルエステルを加え、炭酸カリウム等の塩基触媒の存在下、常圧で、20~110℃、6~72時間反応させる。反応液を塩酸等の酸で中和し、蒸留水に加え白色固体を析出させた後、分離した白色固体を蒸留水で洗浄し、乾燥することにより前記式(1)で示される化合物を得ることができる。
本実施形態における樹脂は、例えば、式(0)、式(1)、及び式(0-1)、又は式(0-2)で表される化合物、及び式(0-1)及び/又は式(0-2)で表される化合物に由来する構造を有する縮合物(以下、これらを総じて「式(0)等で表される化合物」と称する)と、式(0)等で表される化合物と架橋反応性を有する化合物と、を反応させることによって得られる。
架橋反応性を有する化合物としては、式(0)等で表される化合物をオリゴマー化又はポリマー化し得るものである限り、公知のものを特に制限なく使用することができる。その具体例としては、例えば、アルデヒド、ケトン、カルボン酸、カルボン酸ハライド、ハロゲン含有化合物、アミノ化合物、イミノ化合物、イソシアネート、不飽和炭化水素基含有化合物等が挙げられるが、これらに特に限定されない。
なお、本実施形態のレジスト組成物を用いてレジスト永久膜を作製することもできる、前記組成物を塗布してなるレジスト永久膜は、必要に応じてレジストパターンを形成した後、最終製品にも残存する永久膜として好適である。永久膜の具体例としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、半導体デバイス関係では、ソルダーレジスト、パッケージ材、アンダーフィル材、回路素子等のパッケージ接着層や集積回路素子と回路基板の接着層、薄型ディスプレー関連では、薄膜トランジスタ保護膜、液晶カラーフィルター保護膜、ブラックマトリクス、スペーサーなどが挙げられる。特に、前記組成物からなる永久膜は、耐熱性や耐湿性に優れている上に昇華成分による汚染性が少ないという非常に優れた利点も有する。特に表示材料において、重要な汚染による画質劣化の少ない高感度、高耐熱、吸湿信頼性を兼ね備えた材料となる。
本実施形態における化合物又は樹脂(即ち、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物)は、例えば、以下の方法により精製することができる。
本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物の1種以上を、溶媒に溶解させて溶液(S)を得る工程と、
得られた溶液(S)と酸性の水溶液とを接触させて、前記化合物又は前記樹脂中の不純物を抽出する工程(第一抽出工程)と、を含み、
前記溶液(S)を得る工程で用いる溶媒が、水と任意に混和しない有機溶媒を含む、精製方法。
本実施形態における精製方法によれば、上述した特定の構造を有する化合物又は樹脂に不純物として含まれうる種々の金属の含有量を低減することができる。本実施形態において不純物として含まれる金属含有量は、ICP-MS分析によって測定することができ、例えば、PerkinElmer社製“ELAN DRCII”などの測定機器を用いることができる。
これらの有機溶媒はそれぞれ単独で用いることもできるし、また2種以上を混合して用いることもできる。
具体的には、例えば、酸性の水溶液を用いて前記抽出処理を行った後に、該水溶液から抽出され、回収された本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物と有機溶媒とを含む溶液相を、さらに水による抽出処理に供することが好ましい。水による抽出処理は、特に限定されないが、例えば、前記溶液相と水とを、撹拌等により、よく混合させた後、得られた混合溶液を、静置することにより行うことができる。当該静置後の混合溶液は、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物及び有機溶媒を含む溶液相と、水相とに分離するため、デカンテーション等によって本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物と有機溶媒とを含む溶液相を回収することができる。
また、ここで用いる水は、金属含有量の少ない水、例えばイオン交換水等であることが好ましい。抽出処理は1回だけでも構わないが、混合、静置、分離という操作を複数回繰り返して行うことも有効である。また、抽出処理における両者の使用割合や、温度、時間等の条件は特に限定されないが、先の酸性の水溶液との接触処理の場合と同様で構わない。
本実施形態のレジスト組成物は、スピンコートによりアモルファス膜を形成することができる。用いる現像液の種類によって、ポジ型レジストパターン及びネガ型レジストパターンのいずれかを作り分けることができる。
ポジ型レジストパターンの場合、本実施形態のレジスト組成物をスピンコートして形成したアモルファス膜の23℃における現像液に対する溶解速度は、5Å/sec以下であることが好ましく、0.05~5Å/secであることがより好ましく、0.0005~5Å/secであることがさらに好ましい。溶解速度が5Å/sec以下である場合、現像液に不溶で、レジストとすることが容易となる傾向にある。また、溶解速度が0.0005Å/sec以上である場合、解像性が向上する傾向にある。これは、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物の露光前後の溶解性の変化により、現像液に溶解する露光部と、現像液に溶解しない未露光部との界面のコントラストが大きくなるためと推測される。またLERの低減、ディフェクトの低減効果がある。
前記溶解速度は、23℃にて、アモルファス膜を所定時間現像液に浸漬させ、その浸漬前後の膜厚を、目視、エリプソメーター又はQCM法等の公知の方法によって測定し、決定することができる。
本実施形態のレジスト組成物は、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物を固形成分として含有する。すなわち、本実施形態のレジスト組成物は、式(0)、(1)、及び式(0-1)、又は式(0-2)で表される化合物、及び式(0-1)及び/又は式(0-2)で表される化合物からなる群から選択される1種以上の縮合物で表される化合物と、式(0)、(1)、及び式(0-1)、又は式(0-2)で表される化合物、及び式(0-1)及び/又は式(0-2)で表される化合物からなる群から選択される1種以上の縮合物で表される化合物をモノマーとして得られる樹脂とをそれぞれ単独で、又は、これらを組み合わせて含有してもよい。
なお、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物として化合物と樹脂との両方を含有する場合、前記含有量は、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物の合計量(即ち化合物と樹脂との合計量)である。
本実施形態のレジスト組成物は、可視光線、紫外線、エキシマレーザー、電子線、極端紫外線(EUV)、X線及びイオンビームから選ばれるいずれかの放射線の照射により直接的又は間接的に酸を発生する酸発生剤(P)を一種以上含有することが好ましい。
この場合、レジスト組成物中の酸発生剤(P)の含有量は、固形成分の全質量の0.001~49質量%が好ましく、1~40質量%がより好ましく、3~30質量%がさらに好ましく、10~25質量%が特に好ましい。酸発生剤(P)の含有量が前記範囲内である場合、一層高感度でかつ一層低エッジラフネスのパターンプロファイルが得られる傾向にある。
本実施形態のレジスト組成物においては、系内に酸が発生すれば、酸の発生方法は限定されない。g線、i線などの紫外線の代わりにエキシマレーザーを使用すれば、より微細加工が可能であるし、また高エネルギー線として電子線、極端紫外線、X線、イオンビームを使用すればさらなる微細加工が可能である。
前記酸発生剤(P)は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を併用することができる。
本実施形態のレジスト組成物は、放射線照射により酸発生剤から生じた酸のレジスト膜中における拡散を制御して、未露光領域での好ましくない化学反応を阻止する作用等を有する酸拡散制御剤(E)を含有してもよい。酸拡散制御剤(E)を使用することにより、レジスト組成物の貯蔵安定性が向上する。また解像度が一層向上するとともに、放射線照射前の引き置き時間、放射線照射後の引き置き時間の変動によるレジストパターンの線幅変化を抑えることができ、プロセス安定性に極めて優れたものとなる。
溶解促進剤は、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物の現像液に対する溶解性が低すぎる場合に、その溶解性を高めて、現像時の本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物の溶解速度を適度に増大させる作用を有する成分であり、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で使用することができる。前記溶解促進剤としては、例えば、低分子量のフェノール性化合物を挙げることができ、例えば、ビスフェノール類、トリス(ヒドロキシフェニル)メタン等を挙げることができる。これらの溶解促進剤は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を併用することができる。溶解促進剤の含有量は、使用する本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物の種類に応じて適宜調節されるが、固形成分の全質量の0~49質量%が好ましく、0~5質量%がより好ましく、0~1質量%がさらに好ましく、0質量%が特に好ましい。
溶解制御剤は、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物が現像液に対する溶解性が高すぎる場合に、その溶解性を制御して現像時の溶解速度を適度に減少させる作用を有する成分である。このような溶解制御剤としては、レジスト被膜の焼成、放射線照射、現像等の工程において化学変化しないものが好ましい。
増感剤は、照射された放射線のエネルギーを吸収して、そのエネルギーを酸発生剤(P)に伝達し、それにより酸の生成量を増加する作用を有し、レジストの見掛けの感度を向上させる成分である。このような増感剤としては、特に限定されず、例えば、ベンゾフェノン類、ビアセチル類、ピレン類、フェノチアジン類、フルオレン類等を挙げることができる。これらの増感剤は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を併用することができる。増感剤の含有量は、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物の種類に応じて適宜調節されるが、固形成分の全質量の0~49質量%が好ましく、0~5質量%がより好ましく、0~1質量%がさらに好ましく、0質量%が特に好ましい。
酸架橋剤は、酸発生剤(P)から発生した酸の存在下で、本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物を、分子内又は分子間架橋し得る化合物である。このような酸架橋剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、国際公開WO2013/024778号に記載のものを用いることができる。酸架橋剤は、単独で又は2種以上を使用することができる。酸架橋剤の含有量は固形成分の全質量の0~49質量%が好ましく、0~5質量%がより好ましく、0~1質量%がさらに好ましく、0質量%が特に好ましい。
界面活性剤は、本実施形態のレジスト組成物の塗布性やストリエーション、レジストの現像性等を改良する作用を有する成分である。界面活性剤としては、特に限定されず、アニオン系、カチオン系、ノニオン系あるいは両性のいずれでもよい。これらの中でも、ノニオン系界面活性剤が好ましい。ノニオン系界面活性剤は、レジスト組成物の製造に用いる溶媒との親和性がよく、前記作用がより顕著となる。ノニオン系界面活性剤の例としては、国際公開2013/024778に記載のものが挙げられる。界面活性剤の含有量は、特に限定されず、使用する本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物の種類に応じて適宜調節されるが、固形成分の全質量の0~49質量%が好ましく、0~5質量%がより好ましく、0~1質量%がさらに好ましく、0質量%が特に好ましい。
本実施形態のレジスト組成物は、感度劣化防止又はレジストパターン形状、引き置き安定性等の向上の目的で、さらに任意の成分として、有機カルボン酸又はリンのオキソ酸若しくはその誘導体を含有してもよい。なお、これらの成分は、酸拡散制御剤と併用することもできるし、単独で用いてもよい。有機カルボン酸としては、特に限定されず、例えば、マロン酸、クエン酸、リンゴ酸、コハク酸、安息香酸、サリチル酸などが好適である。リンのオキソ酸若しくはその誘導体としては、リン酸、リン酸ジ-n-ブチルエステル、リン酸ジフェニルエステルなどのリン酸又はそれらのエステルなどの誘導体;ホスホン酸、ホスホン酸ジメチルエステル、ホスホン酸ジ-n-ブチルエステル、フェニルホスホン酸、ホスホン酸ジフェニルエステル、ホスホン酸ジベンジルエステルなどのホスホン酸又はそれらのエステルなどの誘導体;ホスフィン酸、フェニルホスフィン酸などのホスフィン酸及びそれらのエステルなどの誘導体が挙げられ、これらの中でも特にホスホン酸が好ましい。
本実施形態のレジスト組成物には、本発明の目的を阻害しない範囲で、必要に応じて、前記溶解制御剤、増感剤、及び界面活性剤以外の添加剤を1種以上含有してもよい。そのような添加剤としては、特に限定されず、例えば、染料、顔料、及び接着助剤等が挙げられる。例えば、染料又は顔料を含有すると、露光部の潜像を可視化させて、露光時のハレーションの影響を緩和できるので好ましい。また、接着助剤を含有すると、基板との接着性を改善することができるので好ましい。さらに、他の添加剤としては、、特に限定されず、例えば、ハレーション防止剤、保存安定剤、消泡剤、形状改良剤等、具体的には4-ヒドロキシ-4'-メチルカルコン等を挙げることができる。
各成分の含有割合は、その総和が100質量%になるように各範囲から選ばれる。各成分の含有割合が前記範囲にある場合、感度、解像度、現像性等の性能に一層優れる傾向にある。
本実施形態のレジストパターンの形成方法は、特に限定されず、好適な方法として、上述したレジスト組成物を用いて基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程と、形成されたレジスト膜を露光する工程と、前記露光したレジスト膜を現像してレジストパターンを形成する工程と、を含む方法が挙げられる。
本実施形態におけるレジストパターンは、多層プロセスにおける上層レジストとして形成することもできる。
前記現像液としては、使用する本実施形態におけるタンニン化合物に対して溶解度パラメーター(SP値)の近い溶剤を選択することが好ましく、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤、エーテル系溶剤等の極性溶剤、炭化水素系溶剤又はアルカリ水溶液を用いることができる。例えば、国際公開2013/024778に記載のものを用いることができる。
現像液の種類によって、ポジ型レジストパターン又はネガ型レジストパターンを作り分けることができるが、一般的に、ケトン系溶剤、エステル系溶剤、アルコール系溶剤、アミド系溶剤、エーテル系溶剤等の極性溶剤、炭化水素系溶剤の場合はネガ型レジストパターン、アルカリ水溶液の場合はポジ型レジストパターンが得られる。
以下に、実施例における化合物の測定方法及びレジスト性能等の評価方法を示す。
(1)化合物の構造
化合物の構造は、Bruker社製"Advance600II spectrometer"を用いて、以下の条件で、1H-NMR測定を行い、確認した。
周波数:400MHz
溶媒:d6-DMSO
内部標準:TMS
測定温度:23℃
(1)化合物の安全溶媒溶解度試験
化合物のプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(PGMEA)への溶解性は、PGMEAへの溶解量を用いて以下の基準で評価した。なお、溶解量の測定は23℃にて、化合物を試験管に精秤し、PGMEAを所定の濃度となるよう加え、超音波洗浄機にて30分間超音波をかけ、その後の液の状態を目視にて観察することにより測定した。評価は以下に従って行った。
A:5.0質量% ≦ 溶解量
B:3.0質量% ≦ 溶解量 <5.0質量%
C:溶解量 <3.0質量%
レジスト組成物の保存安定性は、レジスト組成物を調製後、23℃、50%RHにて3日間静置し、析出の有無を目視にて観察することによって評価した。3日間静置後のレジスト組成物において、均一溶液であり析出がない場合には「A」、析出がある場合は「C」と評価した。また、均一状態のレジスト組成物を清浄なシリコンウェハー上に回転塗布した後、110℃のオーブン中で露光前ベークして、厚さ40nmのレジスト膜を形成した。調製したレジスト組成物について、薄膜形成が良好な場合には「A」、形成した膜に欠陥がある場合には「C」と評価した。
均一なレジスト組成物を清浄なシリコンウェハー上に回転塗布した後、110℃のオーブン中で露光前ベークして、厚さ60nmのレジスト膜を形成した。得られたレジスト膜に対して、電子線描画装置(ELS-7500、(株)エリオニクス社製)を用いて、50nm、40nm及び30nm間隔の1:1のラインアンドスペース設定の電子線を照射した。当該照射後に、レジスト膜を、それぞれ所定の温度で、90秒間加熱し、TMAH2.38質量%アルカリ現像液に60秒間浸漬して現像を行った。その後、レジスト膜を、超純水で30秒間洗浄、乾燥して、ポジ型のレジストパターンを形成した。形成されたレジストパターンについて、ラインアンドスペースを走査型電子顕微鏡((株)日立ハイテクノロジー製"S-4800")によって観察し、レジスト組成物の電子線照射による反応性を評価した。
「感度」は、パターンを得るために必要な単位面積当たりの最小のエネルギー量で示し、以下に従って評価した。
A:50μC/cm2未満でパターンが得られた場合
C:50μC/cm2以上でパターンが得られた場合
「パターン形成」は、得られたパターン形状をSEM(走査型電子顕微鏡:Scanning Electron Microscope)にて観察し、以下に従って評価した。
A:矩形なパターンが得られた場合
B:ほぼ矩形なパターンが得られた場合
C:矩形でないパターンが得られた場合
(合成実施例1)TNA-ADBACの合成
攪拌機、冷却管及びビュレットを備えた内容積200mLの容器において、タンニン酸(TNA)3.9g(2.3mmol)、炭酸カリウム0.30g(2.2mmol)、テトラブチルアンモニウムブロマイド0.64g(2mmol)をN-メチルピロリドン50mLに溶解させ、2時間撹拌した。撹拌後、ブロモ酢酸-2-メチルアダマンタン-2-イル13.2g(46mmol)を加え、100℃にて24時間反応させた。反応終了後、1N塩酸水溶液に滴下し、生じた黒色固体をろ別し、カラムクロマトグラフィーによる分離精製を行うことで、下記式(TNA-ADBAC)で示される目的化合物を7.8g得た。
得られた化合物(TNA-ADBAC)について、前記測定条件で、NMR測定を行ったところ、以下のピークが見出され、下記式(TNA-ADBAC)の化学構造を有することを確認した。
δ(ppm)6.5~7.5(20H,Ph-H)、4.4~5.0(37H,O-CH2-C(=O)-)、1.2~2.7(314.5H,C-H/Adamantane of methylene and methine)、3.9~4.0(4H、C-CH(-O)-C)、5.4(1H、O-CH(-O)-)、9.3~9.6(6.5H、-OH)
得られた化合物(TNA-ADBAC)について、NMRによって酸解離性反応基の導入率を測定した結果、74%であった。
攪拌機、冷却管及びビュレットを備えた内容積100mLの容器において、タンニン酸(TNA)1.7g(1mmol)、炭酸カリウム3.46g(25mmol)、テトラブチルアンモニウムブロマイド2.437g(7.56mmol)をN-メチルピロリドン25mLに溶解させ、2時間撹拌した。撹拌後、ブロモ酢酸-2-メチルアダマンタン-2-イル9.01g(31.4mmol)を加え、80℃にて24時間反応させた。反応終了後、1N塩酸水溶液に滴下し、生じた黒色固体をろ別し、カラムクロマトグラフィーによる分離精製を行うことで、下記式(TNA-ADBAC100)で示される目的化合物を1.01g得た。
得られた化合物(TNA-ADBAC100)について、前記測定条件で、NMR測定を行ったところ、以下のピークが見出され、下記式(TNA-ADBAC100)の化学構造を有することを確認した。
δ(ppm)6.5~7.5(20H,Ph-H)、4.4~5.0(50H,O-CH2-C(=O)-)、1.2~2.7(425H,C-H/Adamantane of metyl、methylene and methine)、3.9~4.0(4H、C-CH(-O)-C)、5.4(1H、O-CH(-O)-)
得られた化合物(TNA-ADBAC100)について、NMRによって酸解離性反応基の導入率を測定した結果、100%であった。
合成実施例1において、ブロモ酢酸-2-メチルアダマンタン-2-イルに代えてブチルビニルエーテルを用い、溶媒としてN-メチルピロリドンに代えてテトラヒドロフランを用いた以外は同様に合成をおこない、下記式(TNA-BVE)の化学構造を持つ目的化合物を得た。
得られた化合物について、前記測定条件で、NMR測定を行ったところ、以下のピークが見出され、下記式(TNA-BVE)の化学構造を有することを確認した。
δ(ppm)6.5~7.5(20H,Ph-H)、4.4~5.0(37H,O-CH2-C(=O)-)、5.5(24H,C-H/BVE of methine)、1.0~3.4(288H,C-H/BVE of metyhyl and methylene)、3.9~4.0(4H、C-CH(-O)-C)、5.4(1H、O-CH(-O)-)、9.3~9.6(1H、-OH)
得られた化合物(TNA-BVE)について、NMRによって酸解離性反応基の導入率を測定した結果、96%であった。
合成実施例1においてブロモ酢酸-2-メチルアダマンタン-2-イルに代えてジ-t-ブチルジカーボネートを用い、溶媒としてN-メチルピロリドンに代えてテトラヒドロフランを用いた以外同様に合成をおこい、下記式(TNA-BOC)の化学構造を持つ目的化合物を得た。
得られた化合物について、前記測定条件で、NMR測定を行ったところ、以下のピークが見出され、下記式(TNA-BOC)の化学構造を有することを確認した。
δ(ppm)6.5~7.5(20H,Ph-H)、4.4~5.0(37H,O-CH2-C(=O)-)、1.4(225H,C-H/BOC of metyhyl)、3.9~4.0(4H、C-CH(-O)-C)、5.4(1H、O-CH(-O)-)
得られた化合物(TNA-BOC)について、NMRによって酸解離性反応基の導入率を測定した結果、100%であった。
合成実施例1において、ブロモ酢酸-2-メチルアダマンタン-2-イルに代えてブロモ酢酸t-ブチルを用い、溶媒としてN-メチルピロリドンに代えてテトラヒドロフランを用い、さらに18-クラウン-6を0.4g(1.5mmol)加えた以外は同様に合成をおこない、下記式(TNA-MeBOC)の化学構造を持つ目的化合物を得た。
得られた化合物について、前記測定条件で、NMR測定を行ったところ、以下のピークが見出され、下記式(TNA-MeBOC)の化学構造を有することを確認した。
δ(ppm)6.5~7.5(20H,Ph-H)、4.4~5.0(37H,O-CH2-C(=O)-)、1.4(225H,C-H/BOC of metyhyl)、4.5(225H,C-H/BOC ofmethylene)、3.9~4.0(4H、C-CH(-O)-C)、5.4(1H、O-CH(-O)-)
得られた化合物(TNA-MeBOC)について、NMRによって酸解離性反応基の導入率を測定した結果、100%であった。
合成実施例4において、タンニン酸(TNA)の代わりに下記式(ECT)の構造を持つエピカテキン(東京化成工業(株)製)3.34g(11.5mmol)を用いた以外同様にして、下記式(ECT-BOC)の化学構造を持つ目的化合物を得た。
得られた化合物について、前記測定条件で、NMR測定を行ったところ、以下のピークが見出され、下記式(ECT-BOC)の化学構造を有することを確認した。
δ(ppm)2.7(2H、-CH2-)、4.8~4.9(2H、methine)、5.8~5.9(2H、Ph-H)、6.6~6.7(3H、Ph-H)、1.4(9H、-CH3)
得られた化合物(ECT-BOC)について、NMRによって酸解離性反応基の導入率を測定した結果、100%であった。
ジムロート冷却管、温度計及び攪拌翼を備えた、底抜きが可能な内容積10Lの四つ口フラスコを準備した。この四つ口フラスコに、窒素気流中、1,5-ジメチルナフタレン1.09kg(7mol、三菱ガス化学(株)製)、40質量%ホルマリン水溶液2.1kg(ホルムアルデヒドとして28mol、三菱ガス化学(株)製)及び98質量%硫酸(関東化学(株)製)0.97mLを仕込み、常圧下、100℃で還流させながら7時間反応させた。その後、希釈溶媒としてエチルベンゼン(和光純薬工業(株)製試薬特級)1.8kgを反応液に加え、静置後、下相の水相を除去した。さらに、中和及び水洗を行い、エチルベンゼン及び未反応の1,5-ジメチルナフタレンを減圧下で留去することにより、淡褐色固体のジメチルナフタレンホルムアルデヒド樹脂1.25kgを得た。
攪拌機、冷却管及びビュレットを備えた内容積200mLの容器において、前記で得られた化合物(CR-1)10gとジ-t-ブチルジカーボネート(アルドリッチ社製)5.5g(25mmol)とをアセトン100mLに仕込み、炭酸カリウム(アルドリッチ社製)3.45g(25mmol)を加えて、内容物を20℃で6時間撹拌して反応を行って反応液を得た。次に反応液を濃縮し、濃縮液に純水100gを加えて反応生成物を析出させ、室温まで冷却した後、濾過を行って固形物を分離した。
得られた固形物を水洗し、減圧乾燥させ、黒色固体の変性樹脂(CR-1-BOC)を4g得た。
また、得られた化合物(CR-1-BOC)について、上述の測定方法により安全溶媒への溶解性を評価した。結果を表1(比較例1)に示す。
(レジスト組成物の調製)
前記合成例及び比較合成例で合成した各化合物を用いて、下記表1に示す配合でレジスト組成物を調製した。なお、表1中のレジスト組成物の各成分のうち、酸発生剤(P)、酸拡散制御剤(E)及び溶媒(S-1)については、以下のものを用いた。
〔酸発生剤(P)〕
P-1:トリフェニルスルホニウム トリフルオロメタンスルホネート(みどり化学(株))
〔酸拡散制御剤(E)〕
E-1:トリオクチルアミン(東京化成工業(株))
〔溶媒〕
S-1:プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート(東京化成工業(株))
なお、本発明の要件を満たす限り、実施例に記載した化合物以外の化合物も同様の効果を示す。
また、明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、及び技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、及び技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。
Claims (14)
- 少なくとも一つの酸解離性反応基を構造中に含むタンニン及びその誘導体、並びに、これらをモノマーとして得られる樹脂からなる群から選択されるタンニン化合物を1種以上含む、レジスト組成物。
- 前記タンニン化合物が、下記式(0)で表される化合物、及び下記式(0)で表される化合物をモノマーとして得られる樹脂からなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1に記載のレジスト組成物。
- 前記タンニン化合物が、下記式(0-1)又は下記式(0-2)で表される化合物、及び、下記式(0-1)及び/又は下記式(0-2)で表される化合物に由来する構造を有する縮合物、並びに、これらをモノマーとして得られる樹脂、からなる群から選択される1種以上を含む、請求項1に記載のレジスト組成物。
- 溶媒をさらに含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のレジスト組成物。
- 酸発生剤をさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のレジスト組成物。
- 酸拡散制御剤をさらに含む、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のレジスト組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のレジスト組成物を用いて基板上にレジスト膜を形成する工程と、
前記レジスト膜を露光する工程と、
前記レジスト膜を現像してパターンを形成する工程と、
を含むパターン形成方法。 - 請求項9に記載の化合物をモノマーとして得られる樹脂。
- 請求項11に記載の化合物をモノマーとして得られる樹脂。
- 請求項13に記載の化合物をモノマーとして得られる樹脂。
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JP2019510236A JP7297255B2 (ja) | 2017-03-31 | 2018-03-30 | レジスト組成物及びそれを用いるパターン形成方法、並びに、化合物及び樹脂 |
CN201880022832.XA CN110506234A (zh) | 2017-03-31 | 2018-03-30 | 抗蚀剂组合物和使用其的图案形成方法、以及化合物和树脂 |
EP18775122.7A EP3605227A4 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2018-03-30 | RESIST COMPOSITION AND PATTERN FORMING METHOD USING SAME, AND COMPOUND AND RESIN |
KR1020197028968A KR20190129907A (ko) | 2017-03-31 | 2018-03-30 | 레지스트 조성물 및 이를 이용하는 패턴형성방법, 그리고, 화합물 및 수지 |
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EP3605227A4 (en) | 2020-04-22 |
JPWO2018181882A1 (ja) | 2020-05-21 |
EP3605227A1 (en) | 2020-02-05 |
KR20190129907A (ko) | 2019-11-20 |
CN110506234A (zh) | 2019-11-26 |
JP7297255B2 (ja) | 2023-06-26 |
TW201900667A (zh) | 2019-01-01 |
US20210063880A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
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