WO2018139583A1 - 単核球分離装置及び単核球分離方法 - Google Patents
単核球分離装置及び単核球分離方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a mononuclear cell separation apparatus and a mononuclear cell separation method.
- bone marrow fluid is very easy to coagulate, it is very difficult to completely prevent the formation of clots even when anticoagulants are sufficiently used when collecting bone marrow fluid from patients.
- the clot is formed by gathering fibrin to form a network structure, and erythrocytes are entangled therewith, and the main components of the clot are fibrin, platelets and erythrocytes.
- clots often interfere with the treatment. For example, when transplanting allogeneic bone marrow cells to leukemia patients, 500 ml or more of bone marrow fluid is collected, and first three types with different pore sizes are collected.
- Non-patent Document 2 regenerative treatment using autologous bone marrow fluid for cerebral infarction patients has been suggested to promote recovery of neurological function (Non-patent Document 2), but a small amount of 25 ml compared to leukemia patients and limb ischemia patients or 50 ml of bone marrow fluid is collected, and mononuclear cells are separated manually in the cell processing center. The clot mixed in the layer containing mononuclear cells is manually removed and transplanted to the patient. is doing.
- Non-Patent Document 3 The reason why a relatively small amount of bone marrow fluid is used in patients with cerebral infarction compared to patients with limb ischemia is that a sufficient effect can be expected even with a small amount (Non-Patent Document 3), and blood pressure reduction due to collection of a large amount of bone marrow This is because it may cause worsening of infarct symptoms.
- a clot is removed using a filter during the separation and purification of a relatively small amount of bone marrow fluid, it is difficult to use the filter because the volume loss in the filter portion is large and the amount of bone marrow fluid is significantly reduced. .
- Non-patent Document 4 a test in which bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated manually and administered to patients with myocardial infarction showed the effectiveness of cell transplantation (Non-patent Document 4), but cells without clot removal function It has been reported that effectiveness was not recognized in clinical trials using cells separated by a separation device (Non-patent Document 5).
- the manual separation of mononuclear cells in the cell processing center requires a great deal of cost in the construction and maintenance of the cell processing center in addition to its complicated operation. Therefore, in addition to existing devices, a separation apparatus for bone marrow mononuclear cells that does not require a cell processing center as in Patent Document 1 has been devised, but it does not have a clot removal function.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and provides a mononuclear cell separation apparatus and a mononuclear cell separation method in which clot-derived cells containing red blood cells and the like are unlikely to be mixed into the obtained mononuclear cell component.
- the purpose is to provide.
- a mononuclear cell separation apparatus includes an injection means for injecting a centrifugal separation medium from the bottom surface of a container in which a blood sample is stored, and a container in which the centrifugal separation medium and the blood sample are laminated in this order from the bottom surface side.
- Centrifugation means for centrifuging, detection means for detecting a clot present in the bone marrow mononuclear cell layer after centrifugation, removal means for removing the detected clot, and collection means for collecting bone marrow mononuclear cells Have.
- a centrifugation step for centrifuging the container, a detection step for detecting a clot present in the mononuclear cell layer after centrifugation, a removal step for removing the detected clot, and a collection step for collecting the mononuclear cells Have.
- mixing of clot-derived cells containing erythrocytes or the like is unlikely to occur in the mononuclear cell component obtained by separation.
- FIG. 1 is an external view of a mononuclear sphere separator according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the clot imaging means, in which (A) is a diagram for explaining the side imaging means, and (B) is a diagram for explaining the upper imaging means.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a process from storing a blood sample in a container to moving the nozzle opening end to the container bottom.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of processes from the start of injection of the centrifugal separation medium to the bottom of the container until the completion of the centrifugal separation.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of the steps from the start of plasma aspiration to the completion of aspiration.
- FIG. 1 is an external view of a mononuclear sphere separator according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram for explaining the clot imaging means, in which (A) is a diagram for explaining the side imaging means, and (B) is a diagram
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of steps from the start of removal of the clot existing above the mononuclear cell layer to the completion of removal of the clot.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of the process from the start of collection of the mononuclear cell layer to the completion of collection.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a method for measuring Atrophy index.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the ischemic injury inhibitory effect of bone marrow mononuclear cells separated by the method according to the present example.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the cerebral cortical function recovery promoting effect of bone marrow mononuclear cell administration separated by the method according to the present example.
- the mononuclear cell separation apparatus 900 includes an injection unit 210 that injects a centrifugal separation medium from the bottom surface of a container 100 in which a blood sample is stored, a centrifugal separation medium, and a blood sample.
- Centrifugation means 300 for centrifuging containers 100 stacked in this order from the bottom side
- detection means 400 for detecting clots present in the mononuclear cell layer after centrifugation, and removing the detected clots It has removal means 220 and collection means 230 for collecting mononuclear cells.
- the container 100 is a centrifuge tube made of glass or plastic, for example.
- the blood sample is not particularly limited, and is, for example, bone marrow fluid.
- Bone marrow fluid can be collected, for example, by anesthetizing vertebrates (including humans) (local or general anesthesia), inserting a needle into the bone, and aspirating with a syringe.
- Examples of bone include, but are not limited to, the femur, sternum, and iliac bone forming the pelvis.
- the injection means 210 for injecting the centrifugal medium includes a nozzle that is connected to a centrifugal medium supply mechanism (not shown) and can inject the centrifugal medium into the container 100, and a bottom surface of the container 100 in which a blood sample is stored at the open end of the nozzle. And a moving mechanism (not shown) for moving the head.
- a known liquid supply mechanism can be adopted as the centrifugal separation medium supply mechanism, and includes, for example, a tank that stores the centrifugal separation medium, a liquid feeding syringe, a flow path, and a solenoid valve.
- Centrifugation media are not particularly limited, and for example, commercially available media for forming a density gradient such as Percoll (registered trademark) and Lymphoprep (registered trademark) can be used, and Ficoll-Paque (registered trademark) and Nycoprep ( (Registered trademark) can be used, but Ficoll-Paque® PREMIUM® (Ficoll is a registered trademark) is preferable.
- Percoll registered trademark
- Lymphoprep registered trademark
- Ficoll-Paque registered trademark
- Nycoprep (Registered trademark)
- Ficoll-Paque® PREMIUM® Ficoll is a registered trademark
- centrifugation medium is injected from the injection means 210 suddenly, the interface between the centrifugation medium and the blood sample may be disturbed. Therefore, it is desirable to inject at a predetermined speed or less. In the case of a 50-mL centrifuge tube, it is possible to inject the centrifuge medium at 0.05-mL to 1.0-mL / sec.
- the centrifuge means 300 can use a known centrifuge mechanism, and centrifuges the container 100 in which the centrifuge medium and the blood sample are laminated in this order from the bottom side.
- the centrifugal separator 300 includes, for example, four buckets provided on a rotating shaft that is rotated by a motor, and the container 100 is accommodated in the buckets.
- the counterweight stored in a position opposite to the container 100 storing the blood sample is prepared by injecting PBS or the blood sample and the centrifugation medium into another container 100 in the injection means 210 described above. Can do.
- the detection means 400 exists in the mononuclear cell layer after centrifugation, A clot to be removed is detected.
- the clot that exists in the mononuclear cell layer and is a removal target includes a clot that exists in the mononuclear cell layer and a clot that exists on the mononuclear cell layer.
- the detection means 400 includes an upper imaging means 410 that images the mononuclear sphere layer in the container 100 from the vertically upward direction, a side imaging means 420 that images the mononuclear sphere layer in the container 100 from the horizontal direction, and an upper imaging means.
- Position information detecting means (not shown) for detecting position information of a clot existing in the mononuclear cell layer based on an image obtained by photographing and color information obtained from an image obtained by photographing by the side photographing means And comprising.
- the upper photographing means 410 and the side photographing means 420 are, for example, CCD cameras, and images photographed by these CCD cameras are displayed as color images on a monitor (not shown).
- the red blood cell layer 40 is observed as the lowermost layer, and the mononuclear cell layer 20 is observed as an approximately white belt layer between the plasma layer 10 and the centrifugation medium 30.
- the clot 90 (in FIG. 2, the clot 90 is composed of, for example, 90a, 90b, 90c, and 90d) is mainly composed of erythrocytes, and thus is observed as a red foreign substance.
- clots 90a and 90d As shown in FIG. 2 (B), clots 90a and 90d with the mononuclear cell layer 20 (white) in the background by the upper imaging means 410, clots 90b located below the mononuclear cell layer 20, and A clot in the mononuclear cell layer (not shown) is photographed at 90c.
- the position information detecting means applies a spatial filter or the like to the image photographed by the upper photographing means 410 to emphasize a portion where the luminance changes, and binarizes the emphasized portion, for example, to obtain a mononuclear sphere Position information in a plan view of the clots 90a and 90d against the background of the layer 20 (white), the clots 90b and 90c located below the mononuclear cell layer 20, and the clots in the mononuclear cell layer are detected.
- the clots 90a and 90d located above the mononuclear cell layer 20, the clots 90b and 90c located below the mononuclear cell layer 20, and the mononuclear cell layer It is difficult to distinguish from the clot inside.
- the clot 90 is imaged from the horizontal direction by the side imaging means 420, and the position information detection means is the imaging of the side imaging means 420. Based on the obtained images, the clots 90a and 90d located above the mononuclear cell layer 20 are distinguished from the clots 90b and 90c located below the mononuclear cell layer 20 and clots in the mononuclear cell layer. I do. As a result, the position information detection means can detect the clot to be removed existing in the mononuclear cell layer 20 (the clots 90a and 90d existing in the upper part of the mononuclear cell layer 20 in FIG. 2).
- a predetermined size of the clots existing on the upper part of the mononuclear cell layer 20 is used. It is also possible to detect and remove only the clot. For example, when detecting the clot as a shape approximating a spheroid, the detection means 400 can detect a clot to be removed when either the equator radius or the polar radius is 5 mm or more.
- the detection means 400 calculates the area in a plan view of the clot imaged by the upper imaging means 410 from among the clots present on the mononuclear cell layer 20, and removes those exceeding a predetermined area It is possible to detect the target clot.
- the removal means 220 is a clot that exists in the mononuclear cell layer 20 detected by the position information detection means and is a clot to be removed (the clots 90a and 90d that exist above the mononuclear cell layer 20 in FIG. 2). Remove.
- the removing means 220 includes a nozzle that is connected to a clot suction mechanism (not shown) and can suck the clot, and a movement mechanism (not shown) that moves the open end of the nozzle to the clot existing in the mononuclear cell layer 20. .
- the plasma layer removing means may employ a known liquid suction mechanism, and includes, for example, a suction nozzle, a tank for storing the sucked plasma layer, a suction pump, a flow path, and the like.
- the plasma layer 10 is preferably aspirated by leaving a small amount of the plasma layer 10 for reasons that will be described later. Specifically, the aspiration is completed by leaving 10% to 20% of the liquid volume of the plasma layer 10 in the container 100. It is preferable to do this.
- the clot is removed after the plasma layer is removed, and the clot can be removed simultaneously with the suction removal of the plasma layer, and the clot can be removed without removing the plasma layer 10. It is also possible to perform the removal.
- the collection means 230 includes a nozzle that is connected to a mononuclear sphere collection bag (not shown) and can collect a mononuclear sphere, and a moving mechanism that moves the open end of the nozzle to the mononuclear sphere layer 20.
- the collected mononuclear cells can be used as they are, and before use, for example, physiological saline can be added and washed multiple times with a centrifuge. When the aspiration of the plasma layer is completed with a small amount of the plasma layer 10 remaining, the residual plasma layer may be aspirated when collecting the mononuclear cell layer. Contamination of the remaining plasma layer can be eliminated.
- a blood sample 50 collected from a subject is stored in a container 100.
- the open end of the nozzle capable of injecting the centrifugal separation medium is put into the container 100 in which the blood sample is stored.
- the open end of the nozzle is moved to the bottom surface of the container 100 in which the blood sample is stored.
- centrifugal separation medium 30 As shown in the left side of FIG. 4, injection of the centrifugal separation medium 30 is started by the injection means 210, and the centrifugal separation medium 30 is stored on the bottom side of the container 100 as shown in the center of FIG. Thereafter, as shown on the right side of FIG. 4, after centrifugation, an erythrocyte layer 40, a centrifugation medium 30, a mononuclear cell layer 20, a plasma layer 10 are formed in order from the bottom of the container 100 in the container 100. Certain clots 90a, 90b, 90c, 90d may also be present.
- the suction of the plasma layer 10 is started by the nozzle.
- the nozzle is located above the plasma layer 10. That is, the nozzle starts removing the plasma layer 10 at a position away from the boundary between the plasma layer 10 and the mononuclear cell layer 20. This is because if the nozzle opening end, which is the tip of the nozzle, is close to the boundary portion, bone marrow mononuclear cells are involved in the flow that is generated when the plasma layer 10 is removed by suction, and the yield may be reduced.
- the suction of the plasma layer 10 is continued until the remaining amount is small as shown in the center of FIG. 5, and then the suction of the plasma layer is completed while leaving a small amount of the plasma layer 10 as shown on the right side of FIG.
- the suction of the plasma layer 10 is continued until the remaining amount is small as shown in the center of FIG. 5, and then the suction of the plasma layer is completed while leaving a small amount of the plasma layer 10 as shown on the right side of FIG.
- it is possible to remove all of the plasma layer 10 since there is a possibility that the mononuclear cells present in the mononuclear cell layer 20 may be sucked and removed when the plasma layer 10 is removed, a small amount of the plasma layer 10 is removed. It is preferable to complete the suction of the plasma layer leaving
- the removal of the clots 90a and 90d existing on the upper part of the mononuclear cell layer 20 is started.
- the clot 90d is first removed by the removing means 220, and then the clot 90a is removed as shown on the right side of FIG.
- the open end of a nozzle capable of collecting a mononuclear sphere is introduced into the mononuclear sphere layer 20, and then the mononuclear sphere layer 20 is sucked by the nozzle as shown in the center of FIG. Then, as shown on the right side of FIG. 7, the collection of all mononuclear cell layers 20 is completed.
- Example 1 Inhibitory effect of bone marrow mononuclear cells on ischemic injury Inhibition of ischemic injury by bone marrow mononuclear cells separated by the mononuclear cell separation method according to the present example, in which clot contamination was suppressed Therefore, an experiment using a highly reproducible ischemic model mouse (Taguchi et al. J Exp Stroke Transl Med. 2010; 3: 28-33) developed by the inventors was performed. 48 hours after the creation of cerebral infarction, 1x10 5 isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells were administered from the tail vein, and as a method for evaluating the effect of suppressing ischemic injury 30 days after cell administration, a brain atrophy score (Taguchi et al.
- An ischemic model for verifying the effect of bone marrow cell administration on microvessels was created by the following method.
- An 8-week-old SCID mouse severe combined immunodeficiency mouse
- SCID mouse severe combined immunodeficiency mouse
- the left middle cerebral artery is coagulated with a bipolar electric scalpel and cleaved after coagulation to permanently occlude the left middle cerebral artery, An ischemic model with excellent reproducibility of the ischemic site and ischemic intensity limited to the cortex of the middle cerebral artery region was created.
- Ficoll-Paque® PREMIUM Ficoll is a registered trademark
- a tube containing bone marrow cells
- centrifugation 400 G for 40 minutes.
- the components of the mononuclear cell layer were aspirated and transferred to a new tube.
- the cells Prior to administration, the cells were washed twice with a saline solution containing albumin (final albumin concentration 2%) using a centrifuge.
- the details of the ischemic injury score by the macro specimen are as follows.
- the cerebral ischemia model used in this study was limited to the cerebral cortex perfused with the left middle cerebral artery. In contrast, clear tissue atrophy occurs on the ischemic side.
- Atrophy index is useful for quantitative evaluation of the degree of atrophy (Taguchi et al. Eur J Neurosci. 2007; 26 (1): 126-133.).
- a method for measuring Atrophy index is shown in FIG. The Atrophy index is indicated by X / Y ⁇ 100 (%).
- Atrophy index is an index indicating brain atrophy.
- Control is a group administered with physiological saline. Examples are groups to which bone marrow mononuclear cells were administered. It was shown that administration of 1 ⁇ 10 5 bone marrow mononuclear cells had a significantly significant ischemic injury-reducing effect compared to the physiological saline administration group. * Indicates that there is a statistically significant difference between the Control group and the bone marrow mononuclear cell group.
- Example 2 Function recovery promotion effect from ischemic injury of bone marrow mononuclear cells From ischemic injury caused by bone marrow mononuclear cells separated by the mononuclear cell separation method according to this example in which clot contamination was suppressed
- an ischemic model mouse developed by the inventors was used (Taguchi et al. J Exp Stroke Transl Med. 2010; 3: 28-33).
- mice are nocturnal, it is known that in normal mice, the amount of action decreases under bright conditions, and the amount of action increases by darkening the environment. Cerebral cortex function is important for behavioral suppression under light conditions, and it has been shown that cell therapy restores cerebral cortical function and behavioral suppression function under light conditions (Taguchi et al. J Clin Invest. 2004; 114: 330-338).
- the mouse was automatically counted for 30 minutes under light conditions using an open field measuring device (Gyakuken Co., Ltd., free movement space 40cm x 40cm), and then it was raised for 30 minutes under dark conditions. The number of reactions was counted. The increase in momentum when changing from light to dark conditions was used as an indicator of functional recovery.
- an open field measuring device Gyakuken Co., Ltd., free movement space 40cm x 40cm
- FIG. 10 shows the results of the effect of promoting functional recovery from ischemic injury by bone marrow mononuclear cell administration.
- Control is a group administered with physiological saline. Examples are groups to which bone marrow mononuclear cells were administered.
- FIG. 10 shows the number of rearing (rising) for each of when physiological saline is administered and when bone marrow mononuclear cells are administered. Indicates the number of rises under dark conditions. In the group to which physiological saline was administered, no significant increase in momentum was observed due to changes to dark conditions, but a statistically significant increase in behavioral responses to dark reactions was observed with the administration of bone marrow mononuclear cells. It came to be.
- the present invention can be used for separation of bone marrow mononuclear cells.
- Plasma layer 20 Mononuclear cell layer 30 Centrifugation medium 40 Red blood cell layer 50 Blood sample 90 Clot 100 Container 210 Injection means 220 Removal means 230 Collection means 300 Centrifugation means 400 Detection means 410 Upper imaging means 420 Side imaging means 900 Single Nuclear sphere separator
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Abstract
Description
凝血塊の混入を抑制した本実施例にかかる単核球分離方法により分離した骨髄単核球細胞による虚血障害抑制効果を検証するために、発明者らが開発した再現性の高い虚血モデルマウス(Taguchi et al. J Exp Stroke Transl Med. 2010;3:28-33)を用いた実験を行った。脳梗塞作成48時間後に、尾静脈より1x105個の分離した骨髄単核球細胞を投与し、細胞投与30日後における虚血障害抑制効果に関する評価法として、マクロ標本による脳萎縮スコア(Taguchi et al. Eur J Neurosci. 2007;26(1):126-133.)を使用した。非治療コントロール群では、細胞投与群と同量(100μl)の生理食塩水を尾静脈より投与した。実験には各群6匹の虚血マウスを使用した。
8週齢のSCIDマウス(severe combined immunodeficiency mouse: 重度複合免疫不全マウス)をハロセン麻酔により全身麻酔し、左頬骨部よりアプローチして左中大脳動脈に直達できるよう頭蓋底に1.5mm程度の穿孔を行った。嗅索を通過した直後(嗅索交差部の遠位側)の左中大脳動脈を、バイポーラ電気メスを用いて凝固させ、凝固後切断することにより、左中大脳動脈を永久に閉塞し、左中大脳動脈領域の皮質に限局する虚血部位及び虚血強度の再現性に優れた虚血モデルを作成した。
凝血塊の混入を抑制した本実施例にかかる単核球分離方法により分離した骨髄単核球細胞による虚血障害からの機能回復促進効果を検証するために、発明者らが開発した再現性の高い虚血モデルマウスを用いた(Taguchi et al. J Exp Stroke Transl Med. 2010;3:28-33)。脳梗塞作成48時間後に、尾静脈より1x105個の分離した骨髄単核球細胞を投与し、細胞投与30日後における虚血障害からの機能回復促進効果に関する評価法として、オープンフィールドテストによる明暗条件に対する反応性(Taguchi et al. J Clin Invest. 2004;114:330-338)を使用した。実験には各群6匹の虚血マウスを使用した。骨髄細胞投与の機能回復促進効果を検証する虚血モデルは、実施例1と同様の手法を用いた。投与細胞の処理は、実施例1と同様の手法を用いた。
20 単核球層
30 遠心分離媒体
40 赤血球層
50 血液試料
90 凝血塊
100 容器
210 注入手段
220 除去手段
230 採取手段
300 遠心分離手段
400 検出手段
410 上部撮影手段
420 側部撮影手段
900 単核球分離装置
Claims (9)
- 血液試料が貯留した容器(100)の底面から遠心分離媒体を注入する注入手段(210)と、
遠心分離媒体と血液試料とが底面側からこの順にて積層されている容器(100)を遠心分離させる遠心分離手段(300)と、
遠心分離後に単核球層に存在する凝血塊を検出する検出手段(400)と、
検出された凝血塊を除去する除去手段(220)と、
単核球を採取する採取手段(230)と、
を有する単核球分離装置。 - 前記検出手段(400)は、容器(100)内の単核球層を鉛直上方方向から撮影する上部撮影手段(410)と、容器(100)内の単核球層を水平方向から撮影する側部撮影手段(420)と、を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の単核球分離装置。
- 前記検出手段(400)は、前記凝血塊を回転楕円体で近似した形状における赤道半径又は極半径の何れかが5mm以上の場合に除去対象となる凝血塊と検出することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の単核球分離装置。
- 前記除去手段(220)で凝血塊を除去する前に、遠心分離後に単核球層の上部にある血漿層を除去する血漿層除去手段を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3の何れか1項に記載の単核球分離装置。
- 前記血漿層除去手段は、前記血漿層の上部から該血漿層を吸引除去することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の単核球分離装置。
- 前記血漿層除去手段は、前記血漿層の液量の10~20%を残して該血漿層を吸引除去することを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の単核球分離装置。
- 前記注入手段(210)は、0.05~1.0 mL/秒にて遠心分離媒体を注入することを特徴とする請求項1乃至6の何れか1項に記載の単核球分離装置。
- 血液試料が貯留された容器の底面に遠心分離媒体を注入する注入工程と、
遠心分離媒体と血液試料とが底面側からこの順にて積層されている容器を遠心分離させる遠心分離工程と、
遠心分離後に単核球層に存在する凝血塊を検出する検出工程と、
検出された凝血塊を除去する除去工程と、
単核球を採取する採取工程と、
を有する単核球分離方法。 - 前記除去工程では、単核球層の上部に存在する凝血塊を除去することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の単核球分離方法。
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