WO2018061846A1 - 細胞組織の製造方法、及び多孔フィルム - Google Patents
細胞組織の製造方法、及び多孔フィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018061846A1 WO2018061846A1 PCT/JP2017/033605 JP2017033605W WO2018061846A1 WO 2018061846 A1 WO2018061846 A1 WO 2018061846A1 JP 2017033605 W JP2017033605 W JP 2017033605W WO 2018061846 A1 WO2018061846 A1 WO 2018061846A1
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- A61L27/00—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses
- A61L27/50—Materials characterised by their function or physical properties, e.g. injectable or lubricating compositions, shape-memory materials, surface modified materials
- A61L27/56—Porous materials, e.g. foams or sponges
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- C12N2502/13—Coculture with; Conditioned medium produced by connective tissue cells; generic mesenchyme cells, e.g. so-called "embryonic fibroblasts"
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- C12N2506/00—Differentiation of animal cells from one lineage to another; Differentiation of pluripotent cells
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a cell tissue and a porous film used for manufacturing the cell tissue.
- a filter for concentrating cells, a scaffold for growing cells, and a transplant material for engrafting cells and transplanting them into a living body which are used for the purpose of transplanting cells or cell tissues into a living body.
- a transplant material for engrafting cells and transplanting them into a living body which are used for the purpose of transplanting cells or cell tissues into a living body.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2012-006010 discloses a composite porous membrane that separates target cells by size.
- International Publication No. 2006/093207 discloses a culture substrate having pores arranged in a honeycomb on the cell culture surface.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-110709 discloses a bone formed by combining a through hole and a communication hole as a bone prosthetic material that is engrafted with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and then transplanted to a bone defect.
- a fill material is disclosed.
- a porous support having the above structure is disclosed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-199962 discloses spheroid formation in which a plurality of cell adhesive regions and a cell non-adhesive region surrounding the cell adhesive region are arranged on the surface of a porous film having a three-dimensional network structure.
- a substrate is disclosed.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-523383 discloses a porous polymer scaffold comprising pores connected to each other as a scaffold for engrafting and proliferating osteogenic cells.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-307180 discloses a scaffold in which struts arranged in a vertical and horizontal lattice are stacked as a transplant material for injecting stem cells into a structure and transplanting the same into a living body.
- Japanese Patent No. 4437227 discloses a cylindrical porous body made of a water-insoluble polymer, vascular endothelial cells that coat the inner surface of the cylindrical porous body, and vascular smooth muscle that covers the outer surface of the cylindrical porous body.
- An artificial blood vessel containing cells is disclosed.
- An object of this indication is to provide the manufacturing method which manufactures the cell tissue provided with the network structure of a micro order, and the porous film with which it uses for manufacture of the cell tissue provided with the network structure of the micro order.
- a method for producing a cellular tissue comprising: [2] The culture process according to [1], wherein the culture process is a culture process in which a cell having feeder ability and at least one of a vascular endothelial cell and a lymphatic endothelial cell are co-cultured inside the opening and the communication hole.
- a method for producing a cell tissue comprising: [2] The culture process according to [1], wherein the culture process is a culture process in which a cell having feeder ability and at least one of a vascular endothelial cell and a lymphatic endothelial cell are co-cultured inside the opening and the communication hole.
- the culturing step is a culturing step in which cells having feeder ability, at least one of vascular endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells, and cells forming a parenchymal organ are co-cultured inside the open holes and communication holes.
- [5] The method for producing a cellular tissue according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the cells having feeder ability are at least one of mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts.
- [6] The method for producing a cell tissue according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the plurality of apertures are arranged in a honeycomb shape on the surface of the porous film.
- [7] The method for producing a cell tissue according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the communication holes are provided at substantially the same depth over the entire surface direction of the porous film.
- a porous film having a plurality of apertures provided on the surface and communication holes communicating with adjacent apertures, the aperture depth being in the range of 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m .
- a manufacturing method for manufacturing a cell tissue having a micro-order network structure and a porous film used for manufacturing a cell tissue having a micro-order network structure are provided.
- FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line cc in FIG. 1B.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line dd in FIG. 1B.
- It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the manufacturing method of a porous film. It is a scanning electron microscope image of a porous film. It is an example of the part of a culture device and a culture device. It is a scanning electron microscope image of the cross section and surface of a porous film. It is a scanning electron microscope image of the cross section and surface of a porous film.
- process is not only an independent process, but is included in this term if the intended purpose of the process is achieved even if it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes.
- the amount of each component in the composition when there are a plurality of substances corresponding to each component in the composition, the plurality of the substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified. It means the total amount of substance.
- coefficient of variation is expressed as a percentage.
- the variation coefficient is a value obtained by dividing the standard deviation for a certain group by an average, and is an index indicating the degree of variation of the group.
- the method for producing a cellular tissue is a method for producing a cellular tissue in vitro, and includes a plurality of apertures provided on the surface and a porous film having communication holes communicating with adjacent apertures. A culturing step for culturing cells inside the opening and the communication hole. First, the porous film used for manufacturing the cell tissue will be described.
- the porous film of this embodiment functions as a scaffold for engrafting cells and forming a tissue.
- the porous film of the present embodiment has a plurality of apertures provided on the surface and communication holes that allow adjacent apertures to communicate with each other.
- the wall surface of the opening and the communication hole provided in the porous film is a scaffold for engraftment of cells.
- the cells seeded in the porous film of the present embodiment are engrafted inside the open holes and the communication holes to form a cell tissue having a micro-order network structure.
- surface direction means the main surface direction of the porous film
- thickness direction means the thickness direction of the porous film.
- major axis means the maximum length of any distance between two points on the contour. However, when a direction is specified, among the distances between any two points in that direction. Means the maximum length of
- the center of the opening means the center of gravity when the opening is regarded as a two-dimensional figure in the surface direction.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing the structure of the porous film
- FIG. 1B is a plan view seen from the opening side in FIG. 1A
- FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional view taken along the line cc in FIG. 1B
- FIG. 1D is a cross-sectional view taken along the line dd in FIG. 1B.
- 1A to 1D show a porous film 200 as an example of this embodiment.
- the porous film 200 is a laminate including a porous layer 204 in which a plurality of apertures 210 are arranged in a plane direction, and a support 202 that supports the porous layer 204.
- the porous film 200 may not be provided with the support 202 and may be a single layer only of the porous layer 204.
- openings 210 are arranged over the entire surface direction. However, when the porous layer 204 includes a region where cells cannot contact, the aperture 210 may not be disposed in the region.
- the opening surface 206 of the porous film 200 is a surface on the side where a plurality of apertures 210 are opened, and is a surface on the side where cells are seeded.
- the openings of the openings 210 adjacent to each other are separated by a flat portion 208 extending between the openings 210a.
- the liquid medium is supplied to the inside of the opening 210 and the communication hole 212 through the opening of the opening 210 in the opening surface 206.
- Each opening 210 is a bottomed hole that does not penetrate through the porous layer 204.
- each opening 210 may be a bottomed hole that penetrates the porous layer 204 and has the surface of the support 202 as a bottom surface.
- each opening 210 may be a bottomed hole that does not penetrate the porous layer 204, or may be a through-hole that penetrates the porous layer 204.
- each of the openings 210 for example, a spherical shape obtained by cutting a part of a sphere, a barrel shape, a cylindrical shape, or a prismatic shape may be mentioned.
- Examples of the shape of each opening 210 include a circle, an ellipse, and a polygon.
- the plurality of apertures 210 are regularly arranged, and specifically, arranged in a honeycomb shape.
- the plurality of apertures 210 may be arranged in a lattice shape or a face-centered lattice shape.
- the arrangement of the plurality of apertures 210 may be random, from the viewpoint of making the density of the apertures 210 in the plane direction uniform and improving the homogeneity of the tissue formed by cells in the porous film 200, the plurality of apertures 210 are regular. Are preferably arranged.
- the regular arrangement may be interrupted or misaligned, but is preferably repeated continuously without any gaps in any direction.
- the honeycomb arrangement is an arrangement in which a parallel hexagon (preferably regular hexagon) or a shape close thereto is used as a unit, and the center of gravity of the opening is located at the intersection of the vertex and the diagonal line of these figures.
- the grid-like arrangement is an arrangement in which a parallelogram (including, of course, a square, a rectangle, and a rhombus is included, preferably a square) or a shape close to this, and the center of gravity of the opening is located at the top of these figures. is there.
- the face-centered lattice arrangement is a parallelogram (including, of course, a square, a rectangle, a rhombus, preferably a square) or a shape close to this, and an opening is formed at the intersection of the vertices and diagonals of these figures. It is an arrangement where the center of gravity is located.
- the standard of regular arrangement is that the coefficient of variation is 10% or less with respect to the area of the parallelogram or parallelogram that is the unit of arrangement.
- the openings 210 adjacent to each other communicate with each other through the communication holes 212 inside the porous layer 204. It is preferable that one aperture 210 communicates with all adjacent apertures 210. In the porous film 200 in which a plurality of apertures 210 are arranged in a honeycomb shape, one aperture 210 is preferably communicated with six adjacent apertures 210, that is, one aperture.
- the hole 210 preferably has six communication holes 212.
- the openings 210 adjacent to each other are arranged such that a part of each wall surface is continuous, and the communication hole 212 is a hole surrounded by a connecting portion 210 b between the openings 210.
- the adjacent openings 210 may be independent, and the communication holes 212 that are cylindrical gaps may connect the adjacent openings 210.
- the plurality of apertures 210 have a size that allows cells seeded on the porous film 200 to enter and engraft.
- the major axis of the cells seeded on the porous film 200 is, for example, 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the opening diameter Da of the opening 210 is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and still more preferably 120% or more with respect to the long diameter of the cells seeded on the porous film 200. .
- the opening diameter Da of the opening 210 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 8 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 12 ⁇ m or more.
- the opening diameter Da of the opening 210 is preferably 90 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 70 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, depending on the relationship between the preferred arrangement and size of the opening 210.
- the opening diameter Da is the long diameter of the opening 210, and the range of the opening diameter Da is confirmed by measuring the opening diameters of 10 or more arbitrarily selected openings.
- the variation coefficient of the opening diameter Da of the opening 210 is preferably 20% or less, and is preferably as small as possible. The smaller the variation coefficient of the opening diameter Da, the higher the homogeneity of the tissue formed by the cells in the porous film 200.
- the ratio of the total area of the openings of the opening 210 to the total area of the opening surface 206 is preferably 20% to 90%, and more preferably 30% to 80%. Preferably, it is 40% to 70%.
- the major axis Db in the surface direction of the opening 210 is preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and still more preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- 10 ⁇ m or more more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more
- a space where proliferative cells proliferate is secured, and a space where a plurality of types of co-cultured cells coexist is secured.
- the thickness is 100 ⁇ m or less (more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 60 ⁇ m or less)
- a micro-order network structure can be formed.
- the major axis Db is the major axis in the surface direction of the outline of the aperture 210 that appears on the cut surface obtained by cutting the aperture 210 on the major axis of the aperture (that is, on the aperture diameter Da) and in the thickness direction.
- a plurality of apertures 210 that are isotropic in the plane direction and have substantially the same size (including the same) are arranged in a honeycomb shape in units of regular hexagons or shapes close thereto, and adjacent to each other.
- the center-to-center distance P1 between adjacent openings is regarded as the major axis Db.
- the range of the major axis Db is confirmed by measuring a total distance of 10 or more in three directions in which the center-to-center distance P1 is shifted by approximately 60 degrees (including 60 degrees).
- confirmation is made according to the regularity of the arrangement of the apertures 210 according to the above.
- the depth Dc of the opening 210 is preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 20 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and still more preferably in the range of 30 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- 10 ⁇ m or more more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more
- a space where proliferative cells proliferate is secured, and a space where a plurality of types of co-cultured cells coexist is secured.
- the thickness is 100 ⁇ m or less (more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 60 ⁇ m or less)
- a micro-order network structure can be formed.
- the depth Dc is a distance from the opening surface 206 to the deepest part of the opening 210 in each opening 210.
- the porous film 200 in which the plurality of apertures 210 are arranged in a honeycomb shape having a regular hexagonal shape or a shape close thereto as a unit the apertures appearing on the cut surface cut in the thickness direction on the line connecting the centers of the apertures In the outline of 210, the distance from the opening surface 206 to the deepest part of the opening 210 is defined as a depth Dc.
- the range of the depth Dc is confirmed by forming three cut surfaces in which the angle of the cutting line is shifted by approximately 60 degrees (including 60 degrees) and measuring a total of 10 or more.
- the pore diameter Dd of the communication hole 212 is preferably in the range of 50% to 500% with respect to the long diameter of the cells seeded on the porous film 200.
- the hole diameter Dd of the communication hole 212 is 50% or more with respect to the long diameter of the cells to be seeded, the cells can move between the adjacent openings 210.
- the hole diameter Dd of the communication hole 212 is more preferably 80% or more, and still more preferably 120% or more with respect to the long diameter of the cells to be seeded.
- the hole diameter Dd of the communication hole 212 is 500% or less with respect to the long diameter of the seeded cell, the number of cells engrafted in the communication hole 212 becomes appropriate.
- the hole diameter Dd of the communication hole 212 is more preferably 400% or less, and still more preferably 300% or less, with respect to the long diameter of the cells to be seeded.
- the hole diameter Dd of the communication hole 212 is preferably in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 8 ⁇ m to 45 ⁇ m, and still more preferably in the range of 12 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m.
- the hole diameter Dd is the major axis in the thickness direction in the outline of the communication hole 212 that appears on the cut surface cut in the thickness direction on the line connecting the centers of the openings.
- the range of the hole diameter Dd is about 60 degrees (including 60 degrees) of the angle of the cutting line.
- the variation coefficient of the hole diameter Dd of the communication hole 212 is preferably 30% or less, more preferably 20% or less, and the smaller the value.
- the communication holes 212 are preferably provided at substantially the same (including the same) depth over the entire surface direction. Thereby, the homogeneity of the tissue formed by the cells in the porous film 200 is ensured.
- the substantially same standard is that the variation coefficient of the distance from the opening surface 206 to the deepest part of the communication hole 212 is 10% or less in the cut surface for measuring the hole diameter Dd.
- the width W of the flat portion 208 is preferably narrower than the major axis of the cell. Thereby, the ratio of the cells cultured on the flat portion 208 is reduced, and the ratio of the cells cultured inside the opening 210 and the communication hole 212 is increased.
- the width W is the length of the flat portion 208 measured between the centers of the openings.
- the material of the porous film 200 is selected from the viewpoint of cell adhesiveness, the affinity with the transplanted site in the living body, the difficulty of decomposition or absorption in the living body, and the like.
- a hydrophobic polymer that is soluble in a hydrophobic organic solvent is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturing the porous film 200 by a manufacturing method described later.
- the hydrophobic organic solvent is a liquid having a solubility in water of 25 ° C. of 10 (g / 100 g water) or less.
- Hydrophobic polymers include polystyrene, polyacrylate, polymethacrylate, polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyhexafluoropropene, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl carbazole, polyvinyl acetate, polytetra Fluoroethylene etc.), polyester (eg polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene succinate, polybutylene succinate, polylactic acid, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate etc.), polylactone (eg polycaprolactone etc.), polyamide or polyimide (Eg, nylon, polyamic acid, etc.), polyurethane, polyurea, polybutadiene, polycarbonate, polyaromatics, polysulfur Emissions, polyethersulfone, polysiloxane derivatives, cellulose acylate (e.g., triacetyl cellulose, cellulose
- These polymers may be homopolymers, copolymers, polymer blends or polymer alloys as necessary from the viewpoints of solubility in solvents, optical physical properties, electrical physical properties, film strength, elasticity, and the like. These polymers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of bioabsorbability, polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and the like are preferable.
- the material of the support 202 may be the same as or different from the porous layer 204.
- Examples of the material of the support 202 include synthetic resin, glass, and metal.
- the material of the support 202 is preferably a material different from the porous layer 204.
- the porous film 200 is manufactured, for example, by a manufacturing method that sequentially performs the following steps (a) to (e).
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a cross section of the porous film 200 in the steps (a) to (e).
- Step (a) A coating solution in which a hydrophobic polymer constituting the porous layer 204 is dissolved in a solvent is prepared, and the coating solution is applied onto the support 202 to form a coating film 204 a on the support 202.
- the coating solution is prepared by mixing a hydrophobic polymer, a solvent, and an amphiphilic compound.
- the solvent is preferably a mixed solvent of a hydrophobic polymer good solvent and a hydrophobic liquid, or a hydrophobic organic solvent that is a good solvent for the hydrophobic polymer. Examples of the latter include halogen solvents such as trichloromethane, dichloromethane, chloroform, etc. Hydrophobic compounds such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, n-pentane, n-octane and n-heptane which are hydrophobic liquids. May be used in combination.
- An amphiphilic compound is a compound having both a hydrophilic group and a hydrophobic group.
- water droplets are easily formed on the surface of the coating film.
- the growth of water droplets can be more easily controlled by controlling the dispersion state of the hydrophobic polymer in the solvent with an amphiphilic compound.
- the amphiphilic compound include many commercially available surfactants, oligomers such as dimers and trimers, and polymer compounds such as polymers.
- amphiphilic compound examples include a compound having a polyacryl skeleton as a main chain, a long-chain aliphatic group (for example, dodecyl group) as a lipophilic side chain, and a carboxyl group as a hydrophilic side chain; polyethylene glycol / Polypropylene glycol block copolymer; phospholipid; and the like.
- concentration of the hydrophobic polymer is preferably 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass
- concentration of the amphiphilic compound is preferably 0.01% by mass to 1% by mass.
- Step (b) Humidified air is made to flow over the entire surface of the coating film 204a, and water droplets 210S are formed on the coating film 204a by the dew condensation phenomenon.
- Control at least one of Formula (1): 3 ° C. ⁇ ⁇ T ⁇ 30 ° C.
- Water droplets 210S are grown by continuing the supply of humidified air. Each of the water droplets 210S grows to have substantially the same size (including the same). As the solvent contained in the coating film 204a evaporates, the water droplets 210S are arranged in a honeycomb shape by the lateral capillary force and enter the coating film 204a. In parallel with this, as the solvent contained in the coating film 204a evaporates, the hydrophobic polymer precipitates around the water droplets 210S.
- Step (d) The supply of humidified air is continued, and the water droplets 210S are grown until the water droplets 210S come into close contact with each other across the amphiphilic compound film 220 in the coating film 204a.
- Step (e) In parallel with the evaporation of the solvent or after the evaporation of the solvent, the water droplets 210S are evaporated, leaving the portions where the water droplets 210S enter the coating film 204a as the apertures 210, and in parallel, separating the water droplets 210S that are in close contact with each other.
- the amphiphilic compound film 220 is broken.
- a porous layer 204 is formed in which a plurality of apertures 210 are arranged in a honeycomb shape and connected inside.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph of an example of a porous film manufactured through steps (a) to (e) taken from the opening surface side using a scanning electron microscope.
- the opening diameter Da, the long diameter Db and the depth Dc of the opening 210 and the hole diameter Dd of the communication hole 212 can be controlled by adjusting the size of the water droplet 210S.
- the size of the water droplet 210S can be adjusted by adjusting the film thickness of the coating film 204a, the amount of water vapor contained in the humidified air, and the timing of evaporating the water droplet 210S.
- the above manufacturing method it is possible to manufacture a porous film in which a plurality of apertures are arranged in a honeycomb shape with high uniformity without using a mold or a mask. Details of the above manufacturing method are described in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Nos. 2007-291367, 2009-256624, 2011-74140, and 2011-202100.
- the porous film 200 can be manufactured by etching, sandblasting, press molding, or the like.
- the manufacturing method of the cell tissue of this embodiment is a manufacturing method which manufactures a cell tissue in-vitro, and includes the culture
- the openings and communication holes of the porous film are collectively referred to as “holes”.
- a cell tissue having a micro-order network structure is formed.
- a cellular tissue having a micro-order network structure is useful as a material for transplantation into a living body, and as a cellular tissue for a test that replaces an animal experiment or a clinical test.
- the cellular tissue may be used together with the porous film, or may be used by removing the flat portion around the opening of the porous film and removing it from the pores of the porous film. It is also possible to use a plurality of stacked cell tissues.
- the culture process of the present embodiment includes the following embodiments (1) to (4).
- Embodiment (1) A culture step of culturing cells having feeder ability alone.
- the number of cells having feeder ability may be one, or two or more.
- a cell tissue having a network structure of feeder cells is provided.
- the cell tissue produced according to the embodiment (1) is used as, for example, a scaffold for cell culture outside the living body or a scaffold that is transplanted in vivo and regenerates the tissue at the transplantation site.
- Examples of cells having feeder ability include mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts.
- Mesenchymal stem cells are somatic stem cells that can differentiate into muscle cells, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and the like, and are also known to have feeder ability.
- a differentiation-inducing factor for mesenchymal stem cells can be added to the medium to differentiate the mesenchymal stem cells into somatic cells (eg, muscle cells, adipocytes, chondrocytes).
- somatic cells eg, muscle cells, adipocytes, chondrocytes.
- muscle tissue, adipose tissue, or cartilage tissue having a micro-order network structure is provided.
- Embodiment (2) A culture step of co-culturing cells having feeder ability and at least one of vascular endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells.
- a cellular tissue having a network structure of vascular endothelial cells or lymphatic endothelial cells is provided.
- the cell tissue produced by the embodiment (2) is used as, for example, a scaffold for culturing somatic cells in vitro or a scaffold for transplanting in vivo and regenerating the tissue at the transplant site.
- vascular endothelial cells examples include vascular endothelial cells derived from umbilical veins, umbilical arteries, aorta, coronary arteries, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary microvasculature and skin microvasculature, and vascular endothelial cells induced to differentiate from pluripotent stem cells.
- lymphatic endothelial cells examples include lymphatic endothelial cells derived from skin microlymphatic vessels, pulmonary microlymphatic vessels, etc., and lymphatic endothelial cells derived from pluripotent stem cells.
- Embodiment (3) A culturing step of co-culturing cells having feeder ability and cells forming a parenchymal organ.
- a cellular tissue having a micro-order network structure is provided.
- the cell tissue produced according to the embodiment (3) is transplanted into a living body and used to supplement the function of the tissue or organ, for example.
- the cell tissue produced according to the embodiment (3) is used as a test cell tissue to replace animal experiments and clinical tests.
- parenchymal organs examples include liver, pancreas, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, mammary tissue, adipose tissue, ovary, testis, thymus, and so on. Parenchymal cells, epithelial cells, glandular cells, adipocytes, stem cells or progenitor cells of these cells. One type of cells forming a parenchymal organ may be used, or two or more types may be used.
- Examples of combinations of two or more cells that form a parenchymal organ include hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells; pancreatic ⁇ cells, pancreatic ⁇ cells, and pancreatic ⁇ cells; type I alveolar epithelial cells and type II alveolar epithelial cells; Mammary acinar cells and ductal epithelial cells; and the like.
- pluripotent stem cells examples include pluripotent stem cells.
- a pluripotent stem cell is an undifferentiated cell having “self-replicating ability” that can proliferate while maintaining an undifferentiated state and “multipotent ability” that can differentiate into all three germ layers.
- pluripotent stem cells examples include embryonic stem cells (embryonic stem cells; ES cells), induced pluripotent stem cells (induced pluripotent stem cells; iPS cells), embryonic germ cells (embryonic germm cells; EG cells), embryos Sex cancer cells (embryonal carcinoma cells; EC cells), pluripotent adult progenitor cells (multipotent progenitor cells; MAP cells), adult pluripotent stem cells (adult pluripotent stem cells; APS cells), Muse cells (multi-lineage differentiating stress enduring cell); and the like.
- a differentiation inducing factor that induces differentiation into a desired somatic cell is added to the medium to differentiate the pluripotent stem cells into somatic cells.
- Embodiment (4) A culturing step in which cells having feeder ability, at least one of vascular endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells, and cells forming a parenchymal organ are co-cultured.
- a cell tissue provided with a network structure of vascular endothelial cells or lymphatic endothelial cells is provided on the surface or inside of the cell tissue of the parenchymal organ.
- the cell tissue produced according to the embodiment (4) is transplanted in a living body and used to supplement the function of the tissue or organ, for example.
- the cell tissue produced by the embodiment (4) is used as a test cell tissue to replace animal experiments and clinical tests.
- the culturing step of the embodiment (4) may be a culturing step in which three types of cells are seeded at the same time and the three types of cells are co-cultured at the same time. May be a step of co-culturing in a stepwise manner. As the latter, for example, cells having feeder ability and at least one of vascular endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells are seeded at the same time and cultured for several days to form a network structure of vascular endothelial cells or lymphatic endothelial cells. After that, cells that form a parenchymal organ are seeded and culture is continued.
- the culturing step is performed, for example, by placing a porous film on a culture vessel with the surface on the side where a plurality of apertures are opened, inoculating a cell suspension on the porous film, and culturing conditions according to the seeded cell type To do.
- the culture container on which the porous film is placed include all culture containers known for cell culture.
- the material for the culture vessel include resins (for example, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyester, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin), glass, ceramics, metals, and the like.
- Examples of the shape of the culture container include a multiwell plate, a petri dish, a microarray plate, a tube, a flask, a roller bottle, and a bag.
- cells are seeded on the surface of the porous film where a plurality of apertures are opened, and then centrifugal force is applied in the direction from the surface on which the cells are seeded to the opposite surface. It is preferable to include a centrifugation process step of moving the inside of the plurality of apertures. Since the cells seeded on the porous film move into the pores of the porous film by the centrifugation process, the proportion of cells cultured in the pores increases.
- the centrifugal treatment step may be performed by seeding a cell suspension in which cells are suspended in a relatively small amount of medium. preferable. And a culture medium is added in a culture container after a centrifugation process.
- the medium used in this embodiment is selected from known media used for culturing mammalian cells according to the cell type to be cultured. Specific examples of the medium include DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium), DMEM: F-12 (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12), EMEM (Eagle's minimal essential medium), and MEM ⁇ (Minimum Essential Medium Alpha). , BME (Basal Medium Eagle) and other basic media added with a cell growth factor and optimized according to the cell type. Such a medium is commercially available.
- the medium used in the present embodiment may be a medium in which a plurality of types of media are mixed depending on the cell type to be co-cultured.
- the pH of the medium is, for example, pH 7.0 to 8.0, preferably pH 7.3 to 7.4.
- the medium contains various commonly added components such as FGF-2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-2), TGF- ⁇ (Transforming Growth Factor- ⁇ ), EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor), VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Cell growth factors such as Factor); vitamins or vitamin derivatives such as ascorbic acid and retinoic acid; sugar sources such as glucose; amino acids; inorganic salts such as sodium selenite and sodium chloride; proteins such as transferrin; hormones such as insulin; Differentiation-inhibiting factors; differentiation-inducing factors; antioxidants such as 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol; antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin;
- the above ingredients may be supplemented to the medium during cell culture in order to keep the concentration in the desired range throughout the culture period. It is preferable that the medium does not contain serum and serum substitutes from the viewpoint of suppressing antigenic substances and infection sources from being mixed into the cell tissue.
- the medium used for a series of culture steps may not have the same composition.
- the culture may be continued while replacing with a medium having a different composition depending on the cell type to be co-cultured.
- the mixing ratio of the first cell and the second cell is preferably in the above range.
- the seeding density of the cells on the porous film is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 3 cells / cm 2 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells / cm 2 , preferably 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 cells / cm 2 . is there.
- the total seeding density is preferably within the above range.
- General conditions may be applied to the culture conditions in the present embodiment.
- culture in an incubator with a temperature of 37 ° C. and a concentration of 5% (v / v) CO 2 is applied.
- the culture period is not particularly limited, and it is preferable to culture for a period during which the cell network structure is sufficiently developed.
- PET means polyethylene terephthalate
- PMMA means polymethylmethacrylate
- PDMS means polydimethylsiloxane
- SEM means a scanning electron microscope (Scanning Electron Microscope)
- FBS means fetal bovine serum (Fetal Bovine Serum).
- the opening and the communication hole of the porous film are collectively referred to as “hole”.
- a coating solution was prepared by mixing 5 parts by mass of polylactic acid, 94.5 parts by mass of trichloromethane, and 0.5 parts by mass of a polyacrylamide-based amphiphilic polymer as an amphiphilic compound.
- the coating solution was applied on a PET film (film thickness: 188 ⁇ m) to form a coating film on the PET film.
- Humidified air was flowed over the entire surface of the coating film, and water droplets were formed on the coating film due to the condensation phenomenon. While the supply of humidified air was continued to grow the water droplets, the water droplets entered the coating film.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a porous film, a ring, and a culture device.
- the porous film with a ring was placed on a tissue culture dish with the PET film layer side of the porous film facing down to obtain a culture device.
- the culture device was irradiated with ultraviolet rays for 2 hours.
- Table 1 shows the dimensions of the structure of the porous film included in each culture device.
- FIG. 5A is a SEM image of the cross section and surface of the porous film provided in the PLA 10
- FIG. 5B is a SEM image of the cross section and surface of the porous film provided in the PLA 40.
- the openings of adjacent openings were separated by a flat portion, and adjacent openings were partly connected to each other and communicated.
- the openings arranged in the porous layer made of polylactic acid did not penetrate the porous layer.
- a device As a control culture device, a device (referred to as “Flat”) having a laminate in which a flat polylactic acid layer having no pores is laminated on a PET film, instead of a porous film, and a tissue culture dish (Tissue)
- a device (referred to as “TCP”) having a ring attached to the culture surface of culture ⁇ polystyrene: TCPS, diameter 35 mm, trade name: Falcon Cell Culture Dish 353001, manufactured by Corning) was prepared.
- the bottom surface in the ring is a culture surface for culturing cells, and the area of the bottom surface surrounded by the ring is 2 cm 2 .
- -Mesenchymal stem cells human adult bone marrow-derived normal cells, purchased from Lonza Japan.
- MSC normal human skin-derived NHSF46, RIKEN BioResource Center (3-1-1 Takanodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan).
- -Vascular endothelial cells Normal cells derived from human neonatal umbilical vein, purchased from Lonza Japan.
- HUVEC human neonatal umbilical vein
- MSC medium human mesenchymal stem cell medium kit MSCGM BulletKit, Lonza Japan, NHSF46 medium: MEM ⁇ + 10% FBS ⁇ HUVEC medium: Human endothelial cell medium kit EGM-2 BulletKit, Lonza Japan ⁇ HepG2 medium: DMEM + 10% FBS
- ⁇ Culture experiment 1 Mesenchymal stem cell single culture> MSC was cultured alone under the following culture conditions using TCP, Flat, PLA3, PLA10, PLA30 as culture devices.
- ⁇ Seeding density 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk (5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 )
- Centrifugal treatment after sowing Centrifugal treatment with a rotation radius of 120 mm, a rotation speed of 1100 rpm, and a rotation time of 3 minutes was performed on the culture device provided with the porous film.
- Bone differentiation induction medium hMSC differentiation BulletKit-osteogenic (Product number: PT-3002, Lonza Japan)
- hMSC differentiation BulletKit-adipogenic Product number: PT-3004, Lonza Japan
- Culture volume 1.0ml / disk Incubator: 37 ° C., 5% CO 2
- the culture was started using MSC medium, and on the first day of culture, the bone differentiation induction medium and the fat differentiation induction medium were replaced with a 1: 1 differentiation induction medium, and then the differentiation induction medium was replaced every three days. Incubated for a total of 15 days.
- the expression of Runx2 and Osx, which are differentiation markers for bone cells, and C / EBP ⁇ and PPAR ⁇ , which are differentiation markers for adipocytes were analyzed by real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).
- fluorescent immunostaining of actin was performed on the 14th day of differentiation induction.
- FIG. 6 shows a fluorescent immunostaining image of actin on the 14th day of differentiation induction.
- ⁇ Culture experiment 2 co-culture of mesenchymal stem cells and vascular endothelial cells> Using TCP and PLA40 as a culture device, HUVEC was cultured alone or MSC and HUVEC were co-cultured under the following culture conditions.
- Centrifugal treatment after sowing Centrifugal treatment was performed on half of the culture devices equipped with the porous film at a rotation radius of 120 mm, a rotation number of 1100 rpm, and a rotation time of 3 minutes.
- Culture volume 1.0ml / disk Incubator: 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 -Culture period: 7 days of culture. The medium was changed every two days.
- 7A to 7D and Table 2 show confocal laser microscope images and network analysis results.
- “Mono-” means single culture
- “Co-” means co-culture.
- images with “cfg” are examples of cultures that have been subjected to centrifugation
- images without “cfg” are examples of cultures that have not been subjected to centrifugation.
- FIG. 7A Fluorescent immunostaining image of CD31 on day 3 of culture (low magnification).
- FIG. 7B Fluorescent immunostaining image (high magnification) of CD31 on the third day of culture.
- FIG. 7C Fluorescent immunostaining image of CD31 on day 7 of culture (high magnification).
- FIG. 7D Table 2: Total length and total area of the network in co-culture.
- HUVEC is a cell that forms the intima of the blood vessel.
- formation of a capillary network-like network is difficult with HUVEC alone, but a capillary network-like network was formed by co-culture of MSC and HUVEC. It is thought that cells that support endothelial cells are necessary for endothelial cells to form a luminal structure, and MSCs can secrete cytokines that act on endothelial cells and can differentiate into mural cells. It was suggested that MSC effectively acts on the formation of a capillary network-like network of HUVEC.
- -Formation of a capillary network-like network progressed with time, and a more developed network was formed on the 7th day of culture than on the 3rd day of culture.
- PLA40 many cells were present in the pores of the porous film.
- PLA 40 a developed capillary network-like network was formed as compared with TCP.
- a capillary network-like network has been developed longer than the PLA 40 not subjected to the centrifugal treatment. It was suggested that the ratio of the cells that migrate into the pores of the porous film is increased by performing the centrifugal treatment.
- the cell density tended to be high around the ring of the culture device, but in the culture after the centrifugal treatment, a relatively uniform network formation was observed on the entire culture surface. It was. Since the seeded cells migrated into the pores of the porous film by centrifugation, it was suggested that the cells were suppressed from migrating around the ring.
- ⁇ Culture experiment 3 Mesenchymal stem cells or fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells co-culture> Using TCP, Flat, and PLA40 as culture devices, MSC and HUVEC were co-cultured or NHSF46 and HUVEC were co-cultured under the following culture conditions.
- MSC and HUVEC were mixed and seeded.
- MSC seeding density 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk
- HUVEC seeding density 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk total seeding density 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk (7.5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 ) .
- -Co-culture of NHSF46 and HUVEC NHSF46 and HUVEC were mixed and then seeded.
- Centrifugal treatment after sowing Centrifugal treatment with a rotation radius of 120 mm, a rotation speed of 1100 rpm, and a rotation time of 3 minutes was performed on the culture device provided with the porous film.
- Incubator 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 -Culture period: 7 days of culture. The medium was changed every day.
- Fluorescent immunostaining of CD31 was performed on the 3rd and 7th days of culture and observed using a confocal laser microscope.
- 8A to 8D and Table 3 show microscopic images and network analysis results.
- FIG. 8A Fluorescent immunostaining image (high magnification) of CD31 on the third day of culture.
- FIG. 8B Image of fluorescent immunostaining of CD31 on day 7 of culture (high magnification).
- FIG. 8C Table 3: Total length and total area of network on day 3 of culture.
- FIG. 8D Table 3: Total length and total area of network on day 7 of culture.
- ⁇ Culture experiment 4 Examination of dimensions of porous film> MSC and HUVEC were co-cultured under the following culture conditions using TCP, Flat, PLA3, PLA10, PLA20, PLA40 as culture devices.
- -Seeding Seed after mixing MSC and HUVEC.
- -Seeding density MSC 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk, HUVEC 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk, total 1.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk (7.5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / cm 2 ).
- Centrifugal treatment after sowing Centrifugal treatment with a rotation radius of 120 mm, a rotation speed of 1100 rpm, and a rotation time of 3 minutes was performed on the culture device provided with the porous film.
- ⁇ Culture volume 1.0ml / disk Incubator: 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 -Culture period: 7 days of culture. The medium was changed every two days.
- Fluorescent immunostaining of CD31 was performed on the 3rd and 7th days of culture and observed using a confocal laser microscope.
- 9A to 9E and Table 4 show microscopic images and network analysis results.
- FIG. 9A Fluorescent immunostaining image (low magnification) of CD31 on the third day of culture.
- FIG. 9B Fluorescence immunostaining image of CD31 on day 3 of culture (high magnification).
- FIG. 9C Fluorescent immunostaining image of CD31 on day 7 of culture (low magnification).
- FIG. 9D Fluorescent immunostaining image (high magnification) of CD31 on day 7 of culture.
- FIG. 9E, Table 4 Total length and total area of the network.
- ⁇ Culture experiment 5 Simultaneous co-culture of three types of cells> Using TCP and PLA40 as the culture device, MSC, HUVEC and HepG2 were co-cultured under the following culture conditions.
- MSC MSC, HUVEC and HepG2 were mixed and then seeded. HepG2 was previously labeled with the fluorescent dye CellTracker Red.
- -Seeding density MSC 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk, HUVEC 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk, HepG2 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk.
- -Medium Mixed medium of MSC medium, HUVEC medium and HepG2 medium
- MSC medium: HUVEC medium: HepG2 medium volume ratio 1: 2: 3.
- Centrifugal treatment after sowing Centrifugal treatment with a rotation radius of 120 mm, a rotation speed of 1100 rpm, and a rotation time of 3 minutes was performed on the culture device provided with the porous film.
- ⁇ Culture volume 1.0ml / disk Incubator: 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 -Culture period: 3 days of culture. The medium was changed every day.
- FIG. 10A Fluorescence image on the third day of culture (superimposed image of green fluorescence and red fluorescence).
- FIG. 10B Fluorescent immunostaining image of CD31 on the third day of culture.
- ⁇ Culture experiment 6 Staged co-culture of three types of cells> Using TCP and PLA40 as the culture device, MSC, HUVEC and HepG2 were co-cultured under the following culture conditions.
- MSC and HUVEC were mixed and then seeded, cultured for 3 days, and then seeded with HepG2.
- HepG2 was previously labeled with the fluorescent dye CellTracker Red.
- -Seeding density MSC 0.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk, HUVEC 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk, HepG2 5 ⁇ 10 5 cells / disk.
- Centrifugal treatment after sowing Centrifugal treatment with a rotation radius of 120 mm, a rotation speed of 1100 rpm, and a rotation time of 3 minutes was performed on the culture device provided with the porous film.
- ⁇ Culture volume 1.0ml / disk Incubator: 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 -Culturing period: Two-type co-culture was performed for 3 days, and three-type co-culture was performed for 3 days.
- -Medium For 3 days from the start of culture, the medium was cultured in a mixed medium of MSC medium and HUVEC medium (volume ratio 1: 2), and the medium was changed on the first day. After inoculating HepG2, the medium was changed to a mixed medium of MSC medium, HUVEC medium, and HepG2 medium (volume ratio 1: 2: 3), and cultured while changing the medium every day.
- Fluorescence immunostaining of CD31 was performed on the third day after the seeding of HepG2, and the network formed by the cells was analyzed from the fluorescence image of CD31 and the fluorescence image of HepG2.
- 11A to 11B show microscopic images.
- FIG. 11C and Table 5 show the total length and total area of the network obtained by analyzing the fluorescent image of CD31.
- FIG. 11A Fluorescence image on day 3 of culture after seeding HepG2 (superimposed image of green fluorescence and red fluorescence).
- FIG. 11B Fluorescent immunostaining image of CD31 on the third day of culture after seeding with HepG2.
- FIG. 11C Table 5: Total length and total area of each of the co-culture (culture experiment 5) and stepwise co-culture (culture experiment 6) on day 3 of the three types of co-culture.
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、マイクロオーダーのネットワーク構造を備えた細胞組織を製造する製造方法、及び、マイクロオーダーのネットワーク構造を備えた細胞組織の製造に供する多孔フィルムを提供することを目的とする。
[2] 培養工程が、フィーダー能を有する細胞と、血管内皮細胞及びリンパ管内皮細胞の少なくともいずれかとを、開孔及び連通孔の内部で共培養する培養工程である、[1]に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[3] 培養工程が、フィーダー能を有する細胞と、実質臓器を形成する細胞とを、開孔及び連通孔の内部で共培養する培養工程である、[1]に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[4] 培養工程が、フィーダー能を有する細胞と、血管内皮細胞及びリンパ管内皮細胞の少なくともいずれかと、実質臓器を形成する細胞とを、開孔及び連通孔の内部で共培養する培養工程である、[1]に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[5] フィーダー能を有する細胞が、間葉系幹細胞及び線維芽細胞の少なくともいずれかである、[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[6] 複数の開孔が、多孔フィルムの表面にハニカム状に配置されている、[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[7] 連通孔が、多孔フィルムの面方向全域に亘って略同一の深さに設けられている、[1]~[6]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[8] 連通孔の孔径が、多孔フィルムに播種される細胞の長径に対して50%~500%の範囲である、[1]~[7]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[9] 連通孔の孔径が5μm~50μmの範囲である、[1]~[8]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[10] 連通孔の孔径の変動係数が30%以下である、[1]~[9]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[11] 開孔の、多孔フィルムの面方向における長径が10μm~100μmの範囲である、[1]~[10]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[12] 開孔の深さが10μm~100μの範囲である、[1]~[11]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[13] 開孔の開口径が5μm~90μmの範囲である、[1]~[12]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[14] 開孔の開口径の変動係数が20%以下である、[1]~[13]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[15] 培養工程の前に、多孔フィルムの複数の開孔が開口した側の面に細胞を播種した後、細胞を播種した側の面から反対面に向かう方向に遠心力をかけ細胞を複数の開孔の内部に移動させる遠心処理工程を含む、[1]~[14]のいずれか1つに記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
[16] 表面に設けられた複数の開孔と、互いに隣接する開孔どうしを連通する連通孔とを有する多孔フィルムであって、開孔の、多孔フィルムの面方向における長径が20μm~100μmの範囲である、多孔フィルム。
[17] 表面に設けられた複数の開孔と、互いに隣接する開孔どうしを連通する連通孔とを有する多孔フィルムであって、開孔の深さが20μm~100μmの範囲である、多孔フィルム。
[18] 開孔の開口径が5μm~90μmの範囲である、[16]又は[17]に記載の多孔フィルム。
[19] 連通孔の孔径が5μm~50μmの範囲である、[16]~[18]のいずれか1つに記載の多孔フィルム。
[20] 複数の開孔が、多孔フィルムの表面にハニカム状に配置されている、[16]~[19]のいずれか1つに記載の多孔フィルム。
本実施形態の細胞組織の製造方法は、生体外において細胞組織を製造する方法であり、表面に設けられた複数の開孔と、互いに隣接する開孔どうしを連通する連通孔とを有する多孔フィルムの開孔及び連通孔の内部で、細胞を培養する培養工程を含む。まず、細胞組織の製造に供する多孔フィルムについて説明する。本実施形態の多孔フィルムは、細胞が生着し組織を形成するための足場として機能する。
疎水性ポリマーとしては、ポリスチレン、ポリアクリレート、ポリメタクリレート、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリメタクリルアミド、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリ塩化ビニリデン、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリヘキサフルオロプロペン、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリビニルカルバゾール、ポリ酢酸ビニル、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン等)、ポリエステル(例えば、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリエチレンサクシネート、ポリブチレンサクシネート、ポリ乳酸、ポリ-3-ヒドロキシブチレート等)、ポリラクトン(例えば、ポリカプロラクトン等)、ポリアミド又はポリイミド(例えば、ナイロン、ポリアミド酸等)、ポリウレタン、ポリウレア、ポリブタジエン、ポリカーボネート、ポリアロマティックス、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリシロキサン誘導体、セルロースアシレート(例えば、トリアセチルセルロース、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、セルロースアセテートブチレート)などのポリマーが挙げられる。これらのポリマーは、溶剤への溶解性、光学的物性、電気的物性、膜強度、弾性等の観点から、必要に応じてホモポリマー、コポリマー、ポリマーブレンド又はポリマーアロイとしてよい。これらのポリマーは、1種単独で又は2種以上を混合して使用してよい。生体吸収性の観点からは、ポリ乳酸、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリ-3-ヒドロキシブチレート等が好ましい。
多孔層204を構成する疎水性ポリマーを溶媒に溶解した塗布液を用意し、塗布液を支持体202の上に塗布して、支持体202上に塗膜204aを形成する。
両親媒性化合物は、親水性基と疎水性基を両方有する化合物である。両親媒性化合物を塗布液に配合することにより、塗膜の表面に水滴を形成しやすくなる。また、溶媒に対する疎水性ポリマーの分散状態を両親媒性化合物によって制御することにより、水滴の成長をより容易に制御することができる。両親媒性化合物としては、市販されている多くの界面活性剤、二量体や三量体等のオリゴマー、ポリマー等の高分子化合物が挙げられる。両親媒性化合物としては、具体的には例えば、ポリアクリル骨格を主鎖とし、親油性側鎖として長鎖脂肪族基(例えばドデシル基)及び親水性側鎖としてカルボキシル基を有する化合物;ポリエチレングリコール/ポリプロピレングリコールブロックコポリマー;リン脂質;等が挙げられる。
塗布液において、疎水性ポリマーの濃度は、0. 1質量%~10質量%が好ましく、両親媒性化合物の濃度は、0.01質量%~1質量%が好ましい。
加湿空気を塗膜204aの表面全体に亘って流し、結露現象によって塗膜204a上に水滴210Sを形成する。この際、塗膜204aの近傍を流れる加湿空気の露点Tdと、塗膜204aの表面温度Tsとの差分ΔT(=Td-Ts)が、下記の式(1)を満たすように、Td及びTsの少なくとも一方を制御する。
式(1):3℃≦ΔT≦30℃
加湿空気の供給を継続することにより水滴210Sを成長させる。水滴210Sの各々は、互いに略同一(同一を含む)の大きさに成長する。水滴210Sは、塗膜204aに含まれる溶媒の蒸発に伴って、横毛細管力によりハニカム状に配置されるとともに、塗膜204aの中に入り込む。これと並行して、塗膜204aに含まれる溶媒の蒸発に伴って、疎水性ポリマーが水滴210Sの周囲に析出する。
加湿空気の供給を続け、塗膜204aの中で水滴210Sどうしが、両親媒性化合物の膜220を隔てて密接するまで水滴210Sを成長させる。
溶媒の蒸発に並行して又は溶媒を蒸発させた後に、水滴210Sを蒸発させ、塗膜204aに水滴210Sが入り込んだ部分を開孔210として残し、並行して、密接する水滴210Sどうしを隔てていた両親媒性化合物の膜220を破膜する。こうして、複数の開孔210がハニカム状に配置し且つ内部で連結した多孔層204が形成される。
本実施形態の細胞組織の製造方法は、生体外において細胞組織を製造する製造方法であり、本開示の多孔フィルムの開孔及び連通孔の内部で、細胞を培養する培養工程を含む。以下、多孔フィルムの開孔と連通孔とを総称して「孔」という。
本実施形態に用いる培地は、哺乳類細胞の培養に用いられる公知の培地の中から、培養対象となる細胞種に合せて選択される。具体的な培地としては、例えば、DMEM(Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium)、DMEM:F-12(Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12)、EMEM(Eagle's minimal essential medium)、MEMα(Minimum Essential Medium Alpha)、BME(Basal Medium Eagle)等の基本培地に細胞増殖因子を添加し、細胞種に合せて最適化した培地が挙げられる。このような培地は市販品として入手可能である。本実施形態に用いる培地は、共培養する細胞種に応じて、複数種の培地を混合した培地でもよい。培地のpHは、例えばpH7.0~8.0であり、好ましくはpH7.3~7.4である。
[多孔フィルム]
ポリ乳酸5質量部、トリクロロメタン94.5質量部、両親媒性化合物としてポリアクリルアミド系の両親媒性ポリマー0.5質量部を混合し、塗布液を調製した。塗布液をPETフィルム(膜厚188μm)の上に塗布してPETフィルム上に塗膜を形成した。加湿空気を塗膜の表面全体に亘って流し、結露現象によって塗膜上に水滴を形成した。加湿空気の供給を継続して水滴を成長させながら、水滴を塗膜の中に入り込ませた。塗膜の中で水滴どうしが両親媒性化合物の膜を隔てて密接するまで水滴を成長させながら、塗膜に含まれる溶媒の蒸発により水滴の周囲にポリ乳酸を析出させた。次いで、加湿空気の供給を停止し、雰囲気温度を上げて水滴を蒸発させ、塗膜に水滴が入り込んだ部分を開孔として残し、複数の開孔がハニカム状に配列し且つ連通構造を有するポリ乳酸からなる多孔層と、PETフィルム層とを備える多孔フィルムを得た。塗膜の膜厚、加湿空気に含まれる水蒸気量、及び水滴を蒸発させるタイミングにより、多孔層における開孔及び連通孔の寸法を調整し、表1に示す各多孔フィルムを得た。
多孔フィルムを直径23mmの円形に切り出し、その外周部に、リング(外径22mm、内径16mm、高さ8mm。PMMA製、側面にPDMSコート)を、両面粘着テープ(3M社の品番1510、皮膚貼付用テープ)を用いて貼り付け、リング付き多孔フィルムを作製した。リング付き多孔フィルムを、滅菌を目的に70%(v/v)エタノール水溶液に数分間浸し、次いで滅菌水で洗浄してエタノールを除去した。図4に、多孔フィルム、リング及び培養デバイスの一例を示す。
[細胞]
・間葉系幹細胞:ヒト成人骨髄由来正常細胞、ロンザジャパン社から購入。以下「MSC」という。
・線維芽細胞:ヒト皮膚由来正常細胞NHSF46、理化学研究所バイオリソースセンター(日本国茨城県つくば市高野台3-1-1)から分譲。
・血管内皮細胞:ヒト新生児臍帯静脈由来正常細胞、ロンザジャパン社から購入。以下「HUVEC」という。
・肝臓由来の増殖性細胞:ヒト肝癌由来細胞HepG2、理化学研究所バイオリソースセンター(日本国茨城県つくば市高野台3-1-1)から分譲。
・MSC培地:ヒト間葉系幹細胞培地キットMSCGM BulletKit、ロンザジャパン社
・NHSF46培地:MEMα+10%FBS
・HUVEC培地:ヒト内皮細胞培地キットEGM-2 BulletKit、ロンザジャパン社
・HepG2培地:DMEM+10%FBS
培養デバイスとしてTCP、Flat、PLA3、PLA10、PLA30を用いて、下記の培養条件でMSCを単独培養した。
・播種後の遠心処理:多孔フィルムを備えた培養デバイスに対して、回転半径120mm、回転数1100rpm、回転時間3分間の遠心処理を施した。
・骨分化誘導培地:hMSC differentiation BulletKit-osteogenic(商品番号:PT-3002、ロンザジャパン社)
・脂肪分化誘導培地:hMSC differentiation BulletKit-adipogenic(商品番号:PT-3004、ロンザジャパン社)
・培養液量:1.0ml/disk
・インキュベーター:37℃、5%CO2
・多孔フィルムの開孔の大きさに応じて細胞の形態が変化した。PLA10及びPLA30において、細胞は多孔フィルムの孔内で細長い形態を示した。TCP、Flat及びPLA3において、細胞は多孔フィルムの表面において伸展した形態を示した。
・PLA3及びPLA10における細胞の増殖性は、Flatと同程度であったが、PLA30における細胞の増殖性は、Flatに比べ低かった。このことから、細胞が多孔フィルムの孔内に侵入すると増殖が抑制されることが示唆された。
・リアルタイムPCRの解析結果は、いずれの培養デバイスにおいても、骨細胞への分化と脂肪細胞への分化とが起こることを示していた。
培養デバイスとしてTCPとPLA40を用いて、下記の培養条件で、HUVECを単独培養、又は、MSCとHUVECを共培養した。
・共培養:MSCとHUVECを混合したのち播種した。MSCの播種密度0.5×105cells/disk、HUVECの播種密度1×105cells/disk、合計播種密度1.5×105cells/disk(7.5×104cells/cm2)。MSC培地とHUVEC培地の混合培地(MSC培地:HUVEC培地=体積比1:2)で培養。
・播種後の遠心処理:多孔フィルムを備えた培養デバイスの半数に対して、回転半径120mm、回転数1100rpm、回転時間3分間の遠心処理を施した。
・培養液量:1.0ml/disk
・インキュベーター:37℃、5%CO2
・培養期間:7日間培養。2日毎に培地を交換した。
・図7B:培養3日目のCD31の蛍光免疫染色像(高倍率)。
・図7C:培養7日目のCD31の蛍光免疫染色像(高倍率)。
・図7D、表2:共培養におけるネットワークの全長及び総面積。
・HUVECは血管内膜を形成する細胞であるところ、HUVECのみでは毛細血管網様のネットワークの形成は難しいが、MSCとHUVECの共培養により毛細血管網様のネットワークが形成された。内皮細胞が管腔構造を形成するには内皮細胞を支持する細胞が必要であると考えられるところ、MSCは内皮細胞に作用するサイトカインを分泌すること及び壁細胞への分化が可能であることから、HUVECの毛細血管網様のネットワーク形成にMSCが効果的に作用していることが示唆された。
・毛細血管網様のネットワークの形成は経時に伴って進行し、培養7日目では、培養3日目に比べ、より発達したネットワークが形成された。
・PLA40においては、多くの細胞が多孔フィルムの孔内に存在した。PLA40においては、TCPに比べ、発達した毛細血管網様のネットワークが形成された。
・遠心処理を施したPLA40においては、遠心処理を施していないPLA40に比べ、毛細血管網様のネットワークがより長く発達していた。遠心処理を施すことにより、多孔フィルムの孔内に移行する細胞の割合が大きくなることが示唆された。
・通常の播種操作後の培養においては、培養デバイスのリング周辺において細胞密度が高い傾向が見られたが、遠心処理を施した後の培養では、培養面全体において比較的均一なネットワーク形成が見られた。播種された細胞が遠心処理によって多孔フィルムの孔内に移行するので、リング周辺に細胞が移行することが抑制されることが示唆された。
培養デバイスとしてTCP、Flat、PLA40を用いて、下記の培養条件で、MSCとHUVECを共培養、又は、NHSF46とHUVECを共培養した。
・NHSF46とHUVECの共培養:NHSF46とHUVECを混合したのち播種した。NHSF46の播種密度0.5×105cells/disk、HUVECの播種密度1×105cells/disk、合計播種密度1.5×105cells/disk(7.5×104cells/cm2)。NHSF46培地とHUVEC培地の混合培地(NHSF46培地:HUVEC培地=体積比1:2)で培養。
・播種後の遠心処理:多孔フィルムを備えた培養デバイスに対して、回転半径120mm、回転数1100rpm、回転時間3分間の遠心処理を施した。
・培養液量:1.0ml/disk
・インキュベーター:37℃、5%CO2
・培養期間:7日間培養。毎日培地を交換した。
・図8B:培養7日目のCD31の蛍光免疫染色像(高倍率)。
・図8C、表3:培養3日目のネットワークの全長及び総面積。
・図8D、表3:培養7日目のネットワークの全長及び総面積。
・NHSF46とHUVECの共培養により、MSCとHUVECの共培養と同様に、毛細血管網様のネットワークが形成された。
・毛細血管網様のネットワークは、経時に伴って発達した。
・PLA40においては、TCP及びFlatに比べ、より発達したネットワークが形成された。
培養デバイスとしてTCP、Flat、PLA3、PLA10、PLA20、PLA40を用いて、下記の培養条件でMSCとHUVECを共培養した。
・播種密度:MSC 0.5×105cells/disk、HUVEC 1×105cells/disk、合計1.5×105cells/disk(7.5×104cells/cm2)。
・培地:MSC培地とHUVEC培地の混合培地、MSC培地:HUVEC培地=体積比1:2。
・播種後の遠心処理:多孔フィルムを備えた培養デバイスに対して、回転半径120mm、回転数1100rpm、回転時間3分間の遠心処理を施した。
・培養液量:1.0ml/disk
・インキュベーター:37℃、5%CO2
・培養期間:7日間培養。2日毎に培地を交換した。
・図9B:培養3日目のCD31の蛍光免疫染色像(高倍率)。
・図9C:培養7日目のCD31の蛍光免疫染色像(低倍率)。
・図9D:培養7日目のCD31の蛍光免疫染色像(高倍率)。
・図9E、表4:ネットワークの全長及び総面積。
・PLA3及びPLA10においては、細胞は、多孔フィルムの表面において伸展した形態を示し、ネットワークは形成されなかった。
・PLA20においては、細胞は、多孔フィルムの表面で伸展した形態と、多孔フィルムの孔内でネットワークを形成した形態を示した。
・PLA40においては、毛細血管網様のネットワークが形成された。
・上記のとおり、多孔フィルムの開孔の大きさに応じて細胞の形態が変化した。本実験で使用した細胞の長径が20μm程度であることから、多孔フィルムの開孔の大きさが細胞サイズと同等以上であると、細胞は多孔フィルムの孔内でネットワークを形成しやすいことが示唆された。
培養デバイスとしてTCP、PLA40を用いて、下記の培養条件でMSCとHUVECとHepG2を共培養した。
・播種密度:MSC 0.5×105cells/disk、HUVEC 1×105cells/disk、HepG2 5×105cells/disk。
・培地:MSC培地とHUVEC培地とHepG2培地の混合培地、MSC培地:HUVEC培地:HepG2培地=体積比1:2:3。
・播種後の遠心処理:多孔フィルムを備えた培養デバイスに対して、回転半径120mm、回転数1100rpm、回転時間3分間の遠心処理を施した。
・培養液量:1.0ml/disk
・インキュベーター:37℃、5%CO2
・培養期間:3日間培養。毎日培地を交換した。
・図10B:培養3日目におけるCD31の蛍光免疫染色像。
・PLA40においては、細胞はネットワーク構造を形成したが、ネットワーク間の連結状態は乏しかった。
・MSCとHUVECとHepG2の3種共培養は、MSCとHUVECの2種共培養に比べ、播種密度が高く、多孔フィルムの孔内に高密度に細胞が充填されたことにより細胞の遊走性が低下し、ネットワーク形成の低下あるいは遅延が起こっていることが示唆された。播種密度の最適化又は培養時間の延長により、ネットワーク形成が可能と推測された。
培養デバイスとしてTCP、PLA40を用いて、下記の培養条件でMSCとHUVECとHepG2を共培養した。
・播種密度:MSC 0.5×105cells/disk、HUVEC 1×105cells/disk、HepG2 5×105cells/disk。
・播種後の遠心処理:多孔フィルムを備えた培養デバイスに対して、回転半径120mm、回転数1100rpm、回転時間3分間の遠心処理を施した。
・培養液量:1.0ml/disk
・インキュベーター:37℃、5%CO2
・培養期間:2種共培養を3日間、3種共培養を3日間行った。
・培地:培養開始から3日間は、MSC培地とHUVEC培地の混合培地(体積比1:2)で培養し、1日目に培地交換を行った。HepG2を播種した後は、MSC培地とHUVEC培地とHepG2培地の混合培地(体積比1:2:3)に交換し、毎日培地を交換しながら培養した。
・図11B:HepG2を播種した後の培養3日目におけるCD31の蛍光免疫染色像。
・図11C、表5:3種の共培養3日目における、同時共培養(培養実験5)、段階的共培養(培養実験6)それぞれのネットワークの全長及び総面積。
・PLA40においては、TCPに比べ、細く長いネットワークが形成された。
・段階的共培養は、同時共培養に比べ、ネットワークの連結が増していた。MSCとHUVECを共培養してネットワークを予め形成した後にHepG2を播種することが、高次のネットワーク構造の形成に効果的であることが示唆された。
Claims (20)
- 表面に設けられた複数の開孔と、互いに隣接する前記開孔どうしを連通する連通孔とを有する多孔フィルムの前記開孔及び前記連通孔の内部で、フィーダー能を有する細胞を培養する培養工程を含む、細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記培養工程が、フィーダー能を有する細胞と、血管内皮細胞及びリンパ管内皮細胞の少なくともいずれかとを、前記開孔及び前記連通孔の内部で共培養する培養工程である、請求項1に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記培養工程が、フィーダー能を有する細胞と、実質臓器を形成する細胞とを、前記開孔及び前記連通孔の内部で共培養する培養工程である、請求項1に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記培養工程が、フィーダー能を有する細胞と、血管内皮細胞及びリンパ管内皮細胞の少なくともいずれかと、実質臓器を形成する細胞とを、前記開孔及び前記連通孔の内部で共培養する培養工程である、請求項1に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記フィーダー能を有する細胞が、間葉系幹細胞及び線維芽細胞の少なくともいずれかである、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記複数の開孔が、前記多孔フィルムの表面にハニカム状に配置されている、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記連通孔が、前記多孔フィルムの面方向全域に亘って略同一の深さに設けられている、請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記連通孔の孔径が、前記多孔フィルムに播種される細胞の長径に対して50%~500%の範囲である、請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記連通孔の孔径が5μm~50μmの範囲である、請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記連通孔の孔径の変動係数が30%以下である、請求項1~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記開孔の、前記多孔フィルムの面方向における長径が10μm~100μmの範囲である、請求項1~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記開孔の深さが10μm~100μmの範囲である、請求項1~請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記開孔の開口径が5μm~90μmの範囲である、請求項1~請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記開孔の開口径の変動係数が20%以下である、請求項1~請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。
- 前記培養工程の前に、
前記多孔フィルムの前記複数の開孔が開口した側の面に細胞を播種した後、前記細胞を播種した側の面から反対面に向かう方向に遠心力をかけ前記細胞を前記複数の開孔の内部に移動させる遠心処理工程を含む、
請求項1~請求項14のいずれか1項に記載の細胞組織の製造方法。 - 表面に設けられた複数の開孔と、互いに隣接する前記開孔どうしを連通する連通孔とを有する多孔フィルムであって、
前記開孔の、前記多孔フィルムの面方向における長径が20μm~100μmの範囲である、多孔フィルム。 - 表面に設けられた複数の開孔と、互いに隣接する前記開孔どうしを連通する連通孔とを有する多孔フィルムであって、
前記開孔の深さが20μm~100μmの範囲である、多孔フィルム。 - 前記開孔の開口径が5μm~90μmの範囲である、請求項16又は請求項17に記載の多孔フィルム。
- 前記連通孔の孔径が5μm~50μmの範囲である、請求項16~請求項18のいずれか1項に記載の多孔フィルム。
- 前記複数の開孔が、前記多孔フィルムの表面にハニカム状に配置されている、請求項16~請求項19のいずれか1項に記載の多孔フィルム。
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WO2020262062A1 (ja) | 2019-06-27 | 2020-12-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 肝細胞培養体の製造方法、細胞入り多孔フィルム、及び肝細胞又は肝前駆細胞の機能向上又は機能維持方法 |
US11864388B2 (en) | 2019-08-23 | 2024-01-02 | Yangtze Memory Technologies Co., Ltd. | Vertical memory devices |
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JP6690001B2 (ja) | 2020-04-28 |
KR20190039283A (ko) | 2019-04-10 |
KR102282805B1 (ko) | 2021-07-27 |
US20190201585A1 (en) | 2019-07-04 |
JPWO2018061846A1 (ja) | 2018-12-27 |
CN109790515A (zh) | 2019-05-21 |
US11633523B2 (en) | 2023-04-25 |
EP3521417A1 (en) | 2019-08-07 |
CN109790515B (zh) | 2023-05-05 |
EP3521417A4 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
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