WO2018049874A1 - 一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法 - Google Patents

一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法 Download PDF

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WO2018049874A1
WO2018049874A1 PCT/CN2017/091684 CN2017091684W WO2018049874A1 WO 2018049874 A1 WO2018049874 A1 WO 2018049874A1 CN 2017091684 W CN2017091684 W CN 2017091684W WO 2018049874 A1 WO2018049874 A1 WO 2018049874A1
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liver
fresh
cleaning
perfusate
blood
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PCT/CN2017/091684
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English (en)
French (fr)
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董蒨
于綦悦
魏宾
夏楠
董冰子
朱呈瞻
周显军
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青岛大学
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Priority to US16/342,192 priority Critical patent/US20190320667A1/en
Priority to ES17850077T priority patent/ES2836510T3/es
Priority to JP2018557136A priority patent/JP6574320B1/ja
Priority to EP17850077.3A priority patent/EP3424331B1/en
Publication of WO2018049874A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018049874A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
    • A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
    • A22C17/00—Other devices for processing meat or bones
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
    • A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
    • A22C17/00—Other devices for processing meat or bones
    • A22C17/08—Cleaning, e.g. washing, meat or sausages
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/02—Preserving by means of inorganic salts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B4/00—General methods for preserving meat, sausages, fish or fish products
    • A23B4/14—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12
    • A23B4/18—Preserving with chemicals not covered by groups A23B4/02 or A23B4/12 in the form of liquids or solids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L13/20—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof from offal, e.g. rinds, skins, marrow, tripes, feet, ears or snouts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L33/40—Complete food formulations for specific consumer groups or specific purposes, e.g. infant formula

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of food processing, in particular to a method for cleaning, scorpion and cell tissue preservation of fresh animal liver.
  • Animal livers have higher nutritional value, such as pig liver, which is more than 10 times more nutritious than pork.
  • the content of vitamin A in animal liver exceeds that of milk, egg, meat, fish and other foods. It can protect the eyes, maintain normal vision, prevent dry eyes and fatigue, help the child's bone development, promote epidermal tissue repair, and treat night blindness. function.
  • vitamin B2 in the liver of animals which can maintain a healthy skin tone, maintain normal growth and reproductive function, enhance the body's immune response, anti-oxidation and anti-aging.
  • Animal liver is also rich in protein and animal iron, which is a better nutritious food for children with nutritional anemia. However, the animal liver is also the largest poison transfer station and detoxification organ in the animal.
  • the traditional animal liver poisoning method is to first slice the liver, then place the slice under the tap for about 10 minutes, then soak it in the pool for 30 minutes. But since the liver is isolated, The blood will solidify rapidly. As the blood coagulates, the large amount of macrophages and other immune cells contained in the blood will accumulate in the tens of thousands of hepatic sinusoids in the liver, even if the liver is sliced, washed and soaked. It can wash away a small amount of toxins and harmful substances contained in the liver, and most of the toxins and harmful substances remain in the sinusoids and microvessels of the liver. Therefore, the traditional method of animal liver poisoning does not completely eliminate toxins.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method for cleaning, scorpion venom and cell tissue preservation of fresh animal liver.
  • liver tissue can be ensured to be as free from damage as possible, and Eliminate blood, toxins and harmful substances in the liver.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a method for cleaning, scorpioning, and preserving fresh tissue of a liver of a fresh animal, comprising the following steps:
  • S2 gently spread the removed liver on a clean surface, quickly dissect the first hepatic portal of the liver, find the upper and lower ends of the portal vein, biliary tract, hepatic artery and inferior vena cava, and insert the sterilized medical catheter into the portal vein. , biliary tract and hepatic artery blood vessels;
  • the length of the blood vessel in the first hi-hepatic remains 3-4 cm.
  • the liver removed in step S1 assures the integrity of its surface envelope.
  • step S2 the portal vein, the biliary tract, and the junction of the hepatic artery and the catheter are fixed.
  • the perfusion rate of the perfusate in step S3 is 20-30 ml/s.
  • the perfusate in step S3 is a solution of water and salt, the ratio of water to salt being 8.5-9 grams of salt per thousand milliliters of water.
  • the perfusate in step S3 is a solution prepared from water and sodium chloride, that is, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and the ratio of water to sodium chloride is 8.5-9 g of sodium chloride per thousand ml of water.
  • the step S5 is replaced by: when the fresh liver changes from blood red to white, the blood vessel perfusion washing, scorpion venom and fresh-keeping treatment of the liver are completed.
  • the invention After separating the liver of the animal, the invention rapidly infuse the blood vessels and sinusoids in the liver with a perfusion solution whose temperature is close to the body temperature of the animal, and the macrophages and other immune cells, blood and harmful substances containing a large amount of toxin in the liver.
  • the substance is continuously discharged through the upper and lower ends of the inferior vena cava, and the liver is perfused and cleaned and poisoned, which provides a health guarantee for the later consumption of the liver.
  • the bitter bile is continuously discharged through the biliary tract, thereby removing the bitterness of the liver food.
  • Figure 1 is a microscopic view of the morphology of liver tissue after vascular perfusion washing in Example 1 (4 times objective lens);
  • Figure 2 is a microscopic view of the liver tissue morphology without blood vessel perfusion (4 times objective lens);
  • Figure 3 is a microscopic view of the morphology of liver tissue after vascular perfusion washing in Example 1 (10 times objective lens);
  • Figure 4 is a microscopic view of the morphology of liver tissue without vascular perfusion washing (10 times objective lens);
  • Figure 5 is a microscopic view of the liver tissue morphology of the first embodiment after vascular perfusion washing (20 times objective lens);
  • Figure 6 is a microscopic view of the liver tissue morphology (20 times objective lens) without vascular perfusion washing;
  • Figure 7 is a microscopic view of the liver tissue morphology of the first embodiment after vascular perfusion washing (40 times objective lens);
  • Figure 8 is a microscopic view of the morphology of liver tissue without vascular perfusion washing (40 times objective lens);
  • the invention relates to a method for cleaning, scorpion and cell tissue preservation of fresh animal liver, comprising the following steps:
  • S2 gently spread the removed liver on a clean surface, quickly dissect the first hepatic portal of the liver, find the upper and lower ends of the portal vein, biliary tract, hepatic artery and inferior vena cava, and insert the sterilized medical catheter into the portal vein.
  • biliary tract and hepatic artery blood vessels.
  • the upper and lower ends of the inferior vena cava are not limited At the upper and lower ends, it can also be expressed as both ends of the inferior vena cava.
  • the slaughtering of animals, the removal of the liver and the process of perfusion should be carried out rapidly. If the perfusion is not carried out in a short period of time, the blood in the blood sinus of the liver will rapidly solidify, and the internal liver tissue and immune cell structure will be autolyzed and destroyed. Therefore, to ensure that the liver is fresh, it must be perfused in a short time to keep the liver tissue structure intact. During the actual operation, this time is about 10 minutes.
  • the length of the blood vessel in the first hi-hepatic remains 3-4 cm, which is to better insert the catheter into the blood vessel and facilitate fixation between the blood vessel and the catheter. If the blood vessel is too short, it is very time consuming to find it first. Secondly, it is not conducive to the fixation of the catheter. Therefore, the blood vessel should be kept longer.
  • the length of the blood vessel can be kept 3.2 cm, 3.4 cm, 3.6 cm, 3.8 cm, and the like.
  • the liver taken out in step S1 ensures the integrity of its surface film. If the surface capsule of the liver is broken during the operation, the perfusate at the time of post-infusion will flow out from the ruptured liver surface capsule, which may result in incomplete vascular perfusion cleaning and intoxication of the liver.
  • step S2 the portal vein, the biliary tract, and the junction of the hepatic artery and the catheter are fixed to prevent the perfusate from flowing out of the gap between the blood vessel and the catheter, thereby causing vascular perfusion cleaning and sputum poisoning.
  • the above fixing method can be fixed by using a conventional tool such as a string wire or a clamp, and in addition, other methods conforming to food hygiene regulations can be used as long as the blood vessel can be fixedly connected to the catheter.
  • the perfusion rate of the perfusate in step S3 is 20-30 ml/s, which can improve the discharge efficiency and effect of perfusion and macrophage and other immune cells, blood and harmful substances containing a large amount of toxins. Maximum protection of liver cell tissue from damage. It is to be understood that the perfusion rate can be appropriately selected within the above range as needed, and may be, for example, 22 ml/s, 24 ml/s, 25 ml/s, 26 ml/s, 28 ml/s or the like.
  • the perfusate in step S3 is a solution prepared from water and salt, and the ratio of water to salt is 8.5-9 g of salt per thousand ml of water. It is to be understood that the concentration of the perfusate may be appropriately selected within the above range, and may be, for example, 8.6 g, 8.7 g, 8.8 g, 8.9 g, or the like.
  • the perfusate in step S3 is a solution prepared from water and sodium chloride, that is, an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, and the ratio of water to sodium chloride is 8.5-9 g of sodium chloride per thousand ml of water. It is to be understood that the concentration of the perfusate may be appropriately selected within the above range, and may be, for example, 8.6 g, 8.7 g, 8.8 g, 8.9 g, or the like.
  • the catheter in the step S5, the catheter may not be removed, and the next step of processing may be directly performed, for example, the liver is perfused directly through the catheter to further prepare the liver food.
  • the above step S5 can be replaced by: when the fresh liver changes from blood red to white, the blood vessel perfusion washing, poisoning and preservation of the liver are completed.
  • the animal liver used in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, pig liver, bovine liver and goat liver.
  • the portal vein is a functional blood vessel of the liver, and substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract are input into the liver.
  • the portal vein is divided into two left and right branches at the hepatic portal, which enter the left and right lobe of the liver respectively, and then repeatedly branch between the hepatic lobules to form an interlobular vein.
  • a small branch of the interlobular vein is divided into the terminal venules, which are between the adjacent two hepatic lobules.
  • the branches of the terminal venules are connected with the sinusoids, and the portal vein blood is introduced into the hepatic lobules.
  • hepatic arterial blood is rich in oxygen, which is the nutrient blood vessel of the liver.
  • the branch of the hepatic artery is accompanied by the branch of the portal vein, which is divided into the interlobular artery and the terminal hepatic arteriole, and finally into the sinus.
  • the interlobular artery also divides the small branch and supplies the capsule, interstitial and bile duct. Therefore, the hepatic sinusoid contains a mixed blood of the portal vein and the hepatic artery.
  • the blood of the hepatic sinus sinus flows from the periphery of the small leaf to the center and merges into the central vein. There is no smooth muscle outside the endothelium of the central vein. There is only a small amount of connective tissue, and some central veins merge into the sublobular vein.
  • the diameter of the tube is larger, the wall is thicker, and the inferior vein of the small leaf further merges into 2 to 3 hepatic veins, and enters the inferior vena cava after the liver.
  • perfusion fluid is perfused through the portal vein, biliary tract, and hepatic artery of the liver, and macrophages containing large amounts of toxins in the liver and other immune cells, blood, and harmful substances are passed through the upper and lower ends of the inferior vena cava.
  • Excretion the toxins, blood and harmful substances in all corners of the liver can be completely eliminated.
  • a method for cleaning, scorpioning and organizing fresh liver of a fresh animal comprising the following steps:
  • S2 gently spread the removed liver on a clean surface, quickly dissect the first hepatic portal of the liver, find the upper and lower ends of the portal vein, biliary tract, hepatic artery and inferior vena cava, and insert the sterilized medical catheter into the portal vein.
  • the portal vein, the biliary tract, and the hepatic artery are fixed to the catheter;
  • S3 perfusion of a perfusion solution of 30 ° C into the portal vein, hepatic artery, and biliary tract.
  • the perfusate enters the hepatic sinus system through the portal vein and the hepatic artery; the perfusate enters the biliary system through the biliary tract;
  • the speed is 25 ml/s; wherein the perfusate is a solution of water and salt, wherein there are 9 g of salt per thousand ml of water;
  • 1 to 8 are microscopic observation views of liver tissue of pig liver after washing with blood vessels at different magnifications and microscopic observations of liver tissues without any treatment at corresponding magnifications.
  • 1 represents a blank area left by the original phagocytic toxin, the pathogen-containing macrophage and other immune cells after being vascularly perfused;
  • 2 represents no The phagocytic toxin, the pathogen-containing macrophage, and the immune cells contained in the treated liver tissue. It should be noted that 1 and 2 in the figure are only indicated in a few places for illustration and are not exhaustive.
  • the liver of the animal after being cleaned and poisoned by the method of the present embodiment can hardly see the phagocytic toxin, the pathogen-containing macrophage, and even at a high rate.
  • the toxic tissue cells such as immune cells indicate that the phagocytic toxin, the pathogen-containing macrophages and the immune cells contained in the liver tissue have been substantially cleaned, and the liver tissue cleaning and scorpion venom have been completed; in addition, the liver cells have obvious characteristics. Basically not damaged.
  • a method for cleaning, scorpioning and organizing fresh liver of a fresh animal comprising the following steps:
  • S2 gently spread the removed liver on a clean surface, quickly dissect the first hepatic portal of the liver, find the upper and lower ends of the portal vein, biliary tract, hepatic artery and inferior vena cava, and insert the sterilized medical catheter into the portal vein.
  • the portal vein, the biliary tract, and the hepatic artery are fixed to the catheter;
  • S3 perfusion of a perfusion solution of 35 ° C into the portal vein, hepatic artery, and biliary tract.
  • the perfusate fully enters the sinusoidal system of the liver through the portal vein and the hepatic artery; the perfusate enters the biliary system through the biliary tract;
  • the speed is 20 ml/s; wherein the perfusate is a solution of water and salt, wherein each kiloliter of water contains 8.5 grams of salt;
  • the histological microscopic observation chart of the experimental results of this example is similar to that of Figs. 1, 3, 5, and 7 in the first embodiment, and is omitted here.
  • a method for cleaning, scorpioning and organizing fresh liver of a fresh animal comprising the following steps:
  • S2 gently spread the removed liver on a clean surface, quickly dissect the first hepatic portal of the liver, find the upper and lower ends of the portal vein, biliary tract, hepatic artery and inferior vena cava, and insert the sterilized medical catheter into the portal vein.
  • the portal vein, the biliary tract, and the hepatic artery are fixed to the catheter;
  • S3 perfusion of a portal fluid of 33 ° C into the portal vein, hepatic artery, and biliary tract.
  • the perfusate fully enters the sinusoidal system of the liver through the portal vein and the hepatic artery; the perfusate enters the biliary system through the biliary tract;
  • the speed is 30 ml/s; wherein the perfusate is a solution of water and salt, wherein each kiloliter of water contains 8.7 grams of salt;
  • FIG. 1 The histological microscopic observation chart of the experimental results of this example is the same as FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 5 in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 7 is similar and is omitted here.
  • the liver of the animal treated by the method of the invention has no toxin, and is safer and more safe and delicious when consumed later, and provides the corresponding nutrient for the human body; and the liver tissue is preserved intact and is more beautiful when eaten.

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Abstract

一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，包括如下步骤：将完整的新鲜肝脏从动物体内快速取出，切除胆囊，保留第一肝门内血管；迅速解剖，找到门静脉、胆道、肝动脉以及下腔静脉的上下端，将已消毒的医用导管插入门静脉、胆道以及肝动脉血管中；向导管内灌入灌注液，将含有大量毒素的巨噬细胞及其他免疫细胞、血液以及有害物质不断地排出，同时通过胆道系统排除胆汁；当新鲜肝脏从血红色变为白色，取下导管，完成肝脏的处理。经过本方法处理的动物肝脏，可以极大程度的保证肝脏细胞组织尽量不受破坏，且可以祛除肝脏中的毒素、血液及有害物质，为后期肝脏的食用提供了健康保障。

Description

一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工领域，具体的说是一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法。
背景技术
动物肝脏的营养价值较高，例如猪肝，其营养含量是猪肉的10多倍。动物肝脏中维生素A的含量超过奶、蛋、肉、鱼等食品，能保护眼睛，维持正常视力，防止眼睛干涩、疲劳，有助于幼儿的骨骼发育，促进表皮组织修复，对夜盲症有治疗的功用。另外，动物肝脏中还有维生素B2，能够维持健康的肤色，维持正常生长和生殖功能，增强人体的免疫反应，抗氧化、防衰老。动物肝脏还含有丰富的蛋白质及动物性铁质，是营养性贫血儿童较佳的营养食品。但是，动物肝脏也是动物体内最大的毒物中转站和解毒器官，血液中大部分毒物，甚至与蛋白结合的毒物及病原菌，都能进入肝脏，在环境污染日益严重的今天，动物肝脏中毒素及病原菌的含量，比肌肉要高出很多倍，而肝脏的肝血窦内存在大量的巨噬细胞和其他免疫细胞，它们吞噬肝脏中的毒素和病原菌。这些含有大量毒素和病原菌的巨噬细胞和其他免疫细胞聚集在肝脏内数以万计的肝血窦中，如果不将这些含有大量毒素和病原菌的巨噬细胞和其他免疫细胞进行彻底清除，就无法实现肝脏食品的彻底祛毒。
传统动物肝脏的祛毒方法是，首先对肝脏进行切片，再将切片放置自来水龙头下冲洗10分钟左右，然后放在水池中浸泡30分钟。但是由于肝脏离体后， 血液会快速凝固，随着血液的凝固，血液中含有的大量巨噬细胞和其他免疫细胞将堆积在肝脏中数以万计的肝血窦内，即使对肝脏进行切片、冲洗和浸泡，也仅能将肝脏中含有的少部分毒素以及有害物质清洗掉，大部分的毒素及有害物质仍然残留在肝脏的血窦及微血管中。因此传统的动物肝脏祛毒方法并不能完全祛除毒素。
发明内容
根据上述不足之处，本发明的目的在于：提供一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，通过此方法，可以极大程度的保证肝脏细胞组织尽量不受破坏，且可以祛除肝脏中的血液、毒素及有害物质。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案在于：一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：将完整的新鲜肝脏从动物体内快速取出，切除胆囊，取出肝脏时保留肝脏的第一肝门内血管；
S2：将取出的肝脏轻轻平铺在洁净的平面上，迅速解剖肝脏的第一肝门，找到门静脉、胆道、肝动脉以及下腔静脉的上下端，将已消毒的医用导管分别插入门静脉血管、胆道以及肝动脉血管中；
S3：向门静脉、肝动脉以及胆道的导管内灌注30-35℃的灌注液，所述的灌注液通过门静脉和肝动脉充分地进入肝脏肝窦系统；所述的灌注液通过胆道充分地进入胆道系统；
S4：随着灌注液不断的灌入，肝脏中含有大量毒素的巨噬细胞及其他免疫细胞、血液以及有害物质从下腔静脉的上下端不断地排出；胆汁通过胆道被冲 刷出来；
S5：持续灌注，当新鲜肝脏从血红色变为白色，将肝脏的门静脉、胆道、肝动脉的导管取下，完成肝脏的血管灌注清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的处理。
优选的是：第一肝门内血管长度保留3-4cm。
优选的是：步骤S1中取出的肝脏保证其表面被膜的完整性。
优选的是：步骤S2中将门静脉血管、胆道以及肝动脉血管与导管连接处进行固定。
优选的是：步骤S3中灌注液的灌注速度为20-30ml/s。
优选的是：步骤S3中灌注液为水和盐配制的溶液，水和盐比例为每一千毫升水含有8.5-9克盐。
优选的是：步骤S3中灌注液为水和氯化钠配制的溶液，即氯化钠水溶液，水和氯化钠比例为每一千毫升水含有8.5-9克氯化钠。
优选的是：所述步骤S5可替换为：当新鲜肝脏从血红色变为白色时，完成肝脏的血管灌注清洗、祛毒、保鲜处理。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明通过对动物肝脏分离后，迅速采用温度与动物体温接近的灌注液对肝脏内的血管、血窦进行灌注，将肝脏内含有大量毒素的巨噬细胞及其他免疫细胞、血液以及有害物质通过下腔静脉的上下端不断地排出，实现了对肝脏的灌注清洗和祛毒，为后期肝脏的食用提供了健康保障。
2、在对肝脏进行灌注的过程中，带有苦味的胆汁通过胆道不断地排出，从而去除了肝脏食品的苦味。
3、由于本申请处理过程快速，且灌注液温度接近动物体温，可以极大程度 的保证肝脏细胞组织尽量不受破坏，最终获得的动物肝脏仍能保持新鲜的状态。
附图说明
图1是实施例1经过血管灌注清洗的肝脏组织形态显微观察图(4倍物镜)；
图2是未经过血管灌注清洗的肝脏组织形态显微观察图(4倍物镜)；
图3是实施例1经过血管灌注清洗的肝脏组织形态显微观察图(10倍物镜)；
图4是未经过血管灌注清洗的肝脏组织形态显微观察图(10倍物镜)；
图5是实施例1经过血管灌注清洗的肝脏组织形态显微观察图(20倍物镜)；
图6是未经过血管灌注清洗的肝脏组织形态显微观察图(20倍物镜)；
图7是实施例1经过血管灌注清洗的肝脏组织形态显微观察图(40倍物镜)；
图8是未经过血管灌注清洗的肝脏组织形态显微观察图(40倍物镜)；
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
本发明涉及一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：将完整的新鲜肝脏从动物体内快速取出，切除胆囊，取出肝脏时保留肝脏的第一肝门内血管。保留肝脏的第一肝门内血管是为了后续解剖及灌注时更容易找到血管，并迅速将导管插入血管中。
S2：将取出的肝脏轻轻平铺在洁净的平面上，迅速解剖肝脏的第一肝门，找到门静脉、胆道、肝动脉以及下腔静脉的上下端，将已消毒的医用导管分别插入门静脉血管、胆道以及肝动脉血管中。其中，下腔静脉的上下端并不局限 于上端和下端，也可以表述为下腔静脉的两端。
S3：向门静脉、肝动脉以及胆道的导管内灌注30-35℃的灌注液，所述的灌注液通过门静脉和肝动脉充分地进入肝脏血窦系统；所述的灌注液通过胆道充分地进入胆道系统。当灌注液温度过低时，肝脏血窦内的血液会迅速凝固，不利于灌注过程的进行，当灌注液温度过高时，则容易破坏肝脏细胞组织，因此此处选择与动物体温接近的温度的灌注液进行灌注。可以理解的是，灌注液的温度可在上述范围内进行合理地选择，例如可以为32℃、33℃、34℃等。
动物的屠宰、取下肝脏及进行灌注的过程均要迅速进行，如果不在很短的时间内进行灌注，肝脏血窦内的血液会迅速凝固，内部肝脏组织和免疫细胞结构会自溶以及受到破坏，因此要保证肝脏新鲜，必须要在短时间内进行灌注，保持肝脏组织结构不受破坏。实际操作过程中，这个时间大约为10分钟以内。
S4：随着灌注液不断的灌入，肝脏中含有大量毒素的巨噬细胞及其他免疫细胞、血液以及有害物质从下腔静脉的上下端不断地排出；胆汁通过胆道系统被冲刷出来。通过对肝脏肝窦系统和胆道系统分别进行灌注冲刷，使得含有大量毒素的巨噬细胞及其他免疫细胞、血液以及有害物质和胆汁均清除干净，保证了肝脏食品的安全性，也去除了肝脏食品的苦味。
S5：持续灌注，当新鲜肝脏从血红色变为白色，将肝脏的门静脉、胆道、肝动脉的导管取下，完成肝脏的血管灌注清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的处理。
作为一种优选的实施方式，第一肝门内血管长度保留3-4cm，这是为了更好的将导管插入血管，并利于血管与导管之间进行固定。血管留的太短的话，首先找起来非常耗时间，其次，不利于导管的固定，所以要将血管留长一点，例如，上述血管长度可以保留3.2cm、3.4cm、3.6cm、3.8cm等。
作为一种优选的实施方式，步骤S1中取出的肝脏保证其表面被膜的完整性。操作过程中如果弄破了肝脏的表面被膜，那么后期灌注时的灌注液会从破裂的肝脏表面被膜处流出，这可能会导致肝脏血管灌注清洗和祛毒的不完全。
作为一种优选的实施方式，步骤S2中将门静脉血管、胆道以及肝动脉血管与导管连接处进行固定，以防止灌注液从血管和导管之间的缝隙流出，从而导致血管灌注清洗和祛毒不完全。上述固定方式可以选用绳线、夹钳等常规工具进行固定，此外，只要能实现血管与导管固定连接的其它符合食品卫生规定的方法也可替换使用。
作为一种优选的实施方式，步骤S3中灌注液的灌注速度为20-30ml/s，该流速能够提升灌注以及含有大量毒素的巨噬细胞及其他免疫细胞、血液和有害物质的排出效率及效果，最大程度保护肝脏细胞组织不受破坏。可以理解的是，灌注速度可根据需要在上述范围内进行合理地选择，例如可以为22ml/s、24ml/s、25ml/s、26ml/s、28ml/s等。
作为一种优选的实施方式，步骤S3中灌注液为水和盐配制的溶液，水和盐比例为每一千毫升水含有8.5-9克盐。可以理解的是，灌注液的浓度可以在上述范围内进行合理地选择，例如可以为8.6g、8.7g、8.8g、8.9g等。
作为一种优选的实施方式，步骤S3中灌注液为水和氯化钠配制的溶液，即氯化钠水溶液，水和氯化钠比例为每一千毫升水含有8.5-9克氯化钠。可以理解的是，灌注液的浓度可以在上述范围内进行合理地选择，例如可以为8.6g、8.7g、8.8g、8.9g等。
作为一种优选的实施方式，所述步骤S5中也可以不将导管取下，而直接进行下一步的加工，如直接通过导管对肝脏灌注调料，进一步制成肝脏食品。即 上述步骤S5可替换为：当新鲜肝脏从血红色变为白色时，完成肝脏的血管灌注清洗、祛毒和保鲜。
作为一种优选的实施方式，对于本发明中采用的动物肝脏，包括但不限于猪肝、牛肝和羊肝。
肝脏血液循环系统中，门静脉是肝的功能血管，将从胃肠吸收的物质输入肝内。门静脉在肝门处分为左右两支，分别进入肝左、右叶，继而在肝小叶间反复分支，形成小叶间静脉。小叶间静脉分出小支，称终末门微静脉，行于相邻两个肝小叶之间，终末门微静脉的分支与血窦相连，将门静脉血输入肝小叶内。另外，肝动脉血富含氧，是肝的营养血管，肝动脉的分支与门静脉的分支伴行，依次分为小叶间动脉和终末肝微动脉，最后也通入血窦。小叶间动脉还分出小支，供应被膜、间质和胆管。因此，肝血窦内含有门静脉和肝动脉的混合血液。肝血窦的血液，从小叶周边流向中央，汇入中央静脉，中央静脉的内皮外无平滑肌，仅有少量结缔组织，若干中央静脉汇合成小叶下静脉，它单独行于小叶间结缔组织内，管径较大，壁较厚，小叶下静脉进而汇合成2～3支肝静脉，出肝后入下腔静脉。
根据肝脏的生理解剖结构可知，通过肝脏的门静脉、胆道和肝动脉进行灌注液的灌注，并通过下腔静脉的上下端将肝脏内部含有大量毒素的巨噬细胞以及其他免疫细胞、血液以及有害物质排出，可以将肝脏内各个角落的毒素、血液以及有害物质进行完全的排除。
以下根据具体实施例来进行进一步说明。
实施例1
一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：将完整的新鲜猪肝从猪体内快速取出，切除胆囊，取出肝脏时保留肝脏的第一肝门内血管；第一肝门内血管长度保留3cm左右；取出的肝脏保证其表面被膜的完整性；
S2：将取出的肝脏轻轻平铺在洁净的平面上，迅速解剖肝脏的第一肝门，找到门静脉、胆道、肝动脉以及下腔静脉的上下端，将已消毒的医用导管分别插入门静脉血管、胆道以及肝动脉血管中；将门静脉血管、胆道以及肝动脉血管与导管连接处进行固定；
S3：向门静脉、肝动脉以及胆道的导管内灌注30℃的灌注液，灌注液通过门静脉和肝动脉充分地进入肝脏肝窦系统；灌注液通过胆道充分地进入胆道系统；其中，灌注液的灌注速度为25ml/s；其中，灌注液为水和盐的溶液，其中每一千毫升水中还有9克盐；
S4：随着灌注液不断的灌入，肝脏中含有大量毒素的巨噬细胞及其他免疫细胞、血液以及有害物质从下腔静脉的上下端不断地排出；胆汁通过胆道系统被冲刷出来；
S5：持续灌注，当新鲜肝脏从血红色变为白色，将肝脏的门静脉、胆道、肝动脉的导管取下，完成肝脏的血管灌注清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的处理。
图1-图8为本实施例猪肝的肝脏组织经过血管灌注清洗后在不同倍率下的显微观察图和未经任何处理的肝脏组织在相应倍率下的显微观察图。其中，经过本实施例的方法清洗后的肝脏组织形态图中，1代表原吞噬毒素、含病原物的巨噬细胞及其他免疫细胞等经血管灌注被清除后留下的空白区域；2代表未经处理的肝脏组织中所含的吞噬毒素、含病原物的巨噬细胞及免疫细胞。需要注意的是图中1和2仅标注了几处用作示意，并未穷举。
经过对以上显微观察图的对比分析可知，通过本实施例的方法清洗、祛毒后的动物肝脏，即使是在高倍率下，也基本看不到吞噬毒素、含病原物的巨噬细胞及免疫细胞等有毒组织细胞，说明肝脏组织内所含的吞噬毒素、含病原物的巨噬细胞及免疫细胞已基本清除干净，完成了对肝脏组织的清洗和祛毒；此外，肝脏细胞特征明显，基本没有受到破坏。
实施例2
一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：将完整的新鲜牛肝从牛体内快速取出，切除胆囊，取出肝脏时保留肝脏的第一肝门内血管；第一肝门内血管长度保留3cm；取出的肝脏保证其表皮的完整性；
S2：将取出的肝脏轻轻平铺在洁净的平面上，迅速解剖肝脏的第一肝门，找到门静脉、胆道、肝动脉以及下腔静脉的上下端，将已消毒的医用导管分别插入门静脉血管、胆道以及肝动脉血管中；将门静脉血管、胆道以及肝动脉血管与导管连接处进行固定；
S3：向门静脉、肝动脉以及胆道的导管内灌注35℃的灌注液，灌注液通过门静脉和肝动脉充分地进入肝脏血窦系统；灌注液通过胆道充分地进入胆道系统；其中，灌注液的灌注速度为20ml/s；其中，灌注液为水和盐的溶液，其中每一千毫升水中含有8.5克盐；
S4：随着灌注液不断的灌入，肝脏中含有毒素的巨噬细胞及其他免疫细胞、血液以及有害物质从下腔静脉的上下端不断地排出；胆汁通过胆道系统被冲刷出来；
S5：持续灌注，当新鲜肝脏从血红色变为白色，将肝脏的门静脉、胆道、 肝动脉的导管取下，完成肝脏的血管灌注清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的处理。
本实施例实验结果的组织形态显微观察图与实施例1中的图1、图3、图5、图7相近，此处省略。
实施例3
一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，包括如下步骤：
S1：将完整的新鲜羊肝从羊体内快速取出，切除胆囊，取出肝脏时保留肝脏的第一肝门内血管；第一肝门内血管长度保留4cm；取出的肝脏保证其表面被膜的完整性；
S2：将取出的肝脏轻轻平铺在洁净的平面上，迅速解剖肝脏的第一肝门，找到门静脉、胆道、肝动脉以及下腔静脉的上下端，将已消毒的医用导管分别插入门静脉血管、胆道以及肝动脉血管中；将门静脉血管、胆道以及肝动脉血管与导管连接处进行固定；
S3：向门静脉、肝动脉以及胆道的导管内灌注33℃的灌注液，灌注液通过门静脉和肝动脉充分地进入肝脏血窦系统；灌注液通过胆道充分地进入胆道系统；其中，灌注液的灌注速度为30ml/s；其中，灌注液为水和盐的溶液，其中每一千毫升水中含有8.7克盐；
S4：随着灌注液不断的灌入，肝脏中含有大量毒素的巨噬细胞及其他免疫细胞、血液以及有害物质从下腔静脉的上下端不断地排出；胆汁通过胆道系统被冲刷出来；
S5：持续灌注，当新鲜肝脏从血红色变为白色，将肝脏的门静脉、胆道、肝动脉的导管取下，完成肝脏的血管灌注清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的处理。
本实施例实验结果的组织形态显微观察图与实施例1中的图1、图3、图5、 图7相近，此处省略。
经本发明方法处理后的动物肝脏无毒素，后期食用时更为安全放心和美味，为人体提供相应的营养物质；且肝脏组织保存完整，食用时较为美观。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    S1：将完整的新鲜肝脏从动物体内快速取出，切除胆囊，取出肝脏时保留肝脏的第一肝门内血管；
    S2：将取出的肝脏轻轻平铺在洁净的平面上，迅速解剖肝脏的第一肝门，找到门静脉、胆道、肝动脉以及下腔静脉的上下端，将已消毒的医用导管插入门静脉、胆道以及肝动脉血管中；
    S3：向门静脉、肝动脉以及胆道的导管内灌注30-35℃的灌注液，所述的灌注液通过门静脉和肝动脉充分地进入肝脏血窦系统；所述的灌注液通过胆道充分地进入胆道系统；
    S4：随着灌注液不断的灌入，肝脏中含有毒素的巨噬细胞及免疫细胞、血液以及有害物质从下腔静脉的上下端不断地排出；胆汁通过胆道被冲刷出来；
    S5：持续灌注，当新鲜肝脏从血红色变为白色，将肝脏的门静脉、胆道、肝动脉的导管取下，完成肝脏的血管灌注清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的处理。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述的第一肝门内血管长度保留3-4cm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中取出的肝脏保证其表面被膜的完整性。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中将门静脉、胆道以及肝动脉血管与导管连接处进行固定。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中灌注液的灌注速度为20-30ml/s。
  6. 根据权利要求1或5所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中灌注液为水和盐配制的溶液，水和盐比例为每一千毫升水含有8.5-9克盐。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中灌注液为水和氯化钠配制的溶液，即氯化钠水溶液，水和氯化钠比例为每一千毫升水含有8.5-9克氯化钠。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S5中当新鲜肝脏从血红色变为白色时，完成肝脏的血液灌注清洗、祛毒、保鲜。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S1中取出的肝脏保证其表面被膜的完整性。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中灌注液的灌注速度为20-30ml/s。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中灌注液为水和盐配制的溶液，水和盐比例为每一千毫升水含有8.5-9克盐。
  12. 根据权利要求8所述的新鲜动物肝脏的清洗、祛毒以及细胞组织保鲜的方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S3中灌注液为水和氯化钠配制的溶液，即氯化钠水溶液，水和氯化钠比例为每一千毫升水含有8.5-9克氯化钠。
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