Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
  • A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
  • A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
  • A61K39/001169—Tumor associated carbohydrates
  • A61K39/001173—Globo-H
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/0005—Vertebrate antigens
  • A61K39/0011—Cancer antigens
  • A61K39/00118—Cancer antigens from embryonic or fetal origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/39—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/54—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the route of administration
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/545—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the dose, timing or administration schedule
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
  • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
  • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
  • A61K2039/55577—Saponins; Quil A; QS21; ISCOMS
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/60—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characteristics by the carrier linked to the antigen
  • A61K2039/6031—Proteins
  • A61K2039/6037—Bacterial toxins, e.g. diphteria toxoid [DT], tetanus toxoid [TT]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/60—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characteristics by the carrier linked to the antigen
  • A61K2039/6031—Proteins
  • A61K2039/6081—Albumin; Keyhole limpet haemocyanin [KLH]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/62—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the link between antigen and carrier
  • A61K2039/627—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the link between antigen and carrier characterised by the linker
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/64—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the architecture of the carrier-antigen complex, e.g. repetition of carrier-antigen units
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/70—Multivalent vaccine

Definitions

• the present disclosure is directed to compositions and methods for cancer immunotherapy and immunogenic/therapeutic glycoconjugates able to elicit anti-cancer immune responses in particular.
• Globo H Flucal ⁇ 2 Galpl ⁇ 3 GalNAcpl ⁇ 3 Galal ⁇ 4 Galpl ⁇ 4 Glc
• SSEA-3 Stage-specific embryonic antigen 3
• Gb5 Stage-specific embryonic antigen 3
• stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 SSEA-4
• SSEA-4 stage-specific embryonic antigen-4
• Globo series antigens are unique targeting for cancer cells and can take therapeutic agents to targeting cancer cells effectively.
• the present disclosure generally encompasses therapeutic and/or prophylactic compositions including Globo series antigens (SSEA-4, Globo H and SSEA-3), as well as, immunotherapeutics, vaccines, dosage forms, kits, and methods of manufacture, and treatment thereof.
• Globo series antigens SSEA-4, Globo H and SSEA-3
• immunotherapeutics vaccines, dosage forms, kits, and methods of manufacture, and treatment thereof.
• the invention encompasses an isolated therapeutic conjugate comprising a Globo series antigen (SSEA-4, Globo H or SSEA-3) moiety covalently linked to a carrier moiety, e.g., a keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or diphtheria toxin cross-reacting material 197 (DT-CRM 197) moiety subunit via /?-nitrophenyl linker, 4- (4-N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane-l-carboxyl hydrazide (MMCCH) linker or 4-(N- Maleimidomethyl)-cyclohexane-l-carboxylate (MCCa) linker.
• a carrier moiety e.g., a keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or diphtheria toxin cross-reacting material 197 (DT-CRM 197) moiety subunit via /?-nitrophenyl linker, 4- (4-N-maleimidomethyl
• the invention encompasses an isolated immunogenic/therapeutic conjugate having the following general structure:
• n is independently an integer from about 1 to about 3000 and m is independently an integer from about 1 to about 20.
• KLH moieties can aggregate to form multimeric structures.
• the aggregation is a covalent bond.
• the aggregation is not a covalent bond (e.g., the aggregation is formed by H-bonding or hydrophobic interactions).
• a dimeric KLH moiety can include from about 1 to about 300 SSEA-4 moieties.
• the immunogenic/therapeutic conjugate may comprise one or more DT-CRM 197 moieties, or any other suitable immunogenic moiety, or combination thereof.
• the SSEA-4 moiety comprises (Neu5Aca2 ⁇ 3Gaipi ⁇ 3GalNAcpl ⁇ 3Galal ⁇ 4Galpl ⁇ 4Glcpl).
• the KLH moiety subunit is a KLH-1 or KLH-2 moiety or a combination thereof.
• KLH refers to KLH-1, KLH-2, and/or combinations thereof.
• the invention encompasses an isolated immunogenic/therapeutic conjugate having the following general structure:
• n is independently an integer from about 1 to about 3000 and m is independently an integer from about 1 to about 20.
• KLH moieties can aggregate to form multimeric structures.
• the aggregation is a covalent bond.
• the aggregation is not a covalent bond (e.g., the aggregation is formed by H-bonding or hydrophobic interactions).
• the SSEA-3 moiety comprises (Gaipi ⁇ 3GalNAcpi ⁇ 3Galal ⁇ 4Gaipi ⁇ 4Glcpi).
• the KLH moiety subunit is a KLH-1 or KLH-2 moiety or a combination thereof.
• KLH refers to KLH-1, KLH-2, and/or combinations thereof.
• the invention encompasses an isolated immunogenic/therapeutic conjugate having the following general structure:
• n is independently an integer from about 1 to about 3000 and m is independently an integer from about 1 to about 20.
• m is independently an integer from about 1 to about 20.
• KLH moieties can aggregate to form multimeric structures.
• aggregation is a covalent bond. In certain other embodiments, the aggregation is not a covalent bond ⁇ e.g., the aggregation is formed by H-bonding or hydrophobic interactions).
• a tetrameric KLH moiety can include from about 1 to about 600 Globo H moieties.
• the Globo H moiety comprises (Fucal ⁇ 2 Gaipi ⁇ 3 GalNAcpi ⁇ 3 Galal ⁇ 4 Gaipi ⁇ 4 Glc).
• the KLH moiety subunit is a KLH-1 or KLH-2 moiety or a combination thereof.
• KLH refers to KLH-1, KLH-2, and/or combinations thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention encompasses a pharmaceutical composition comprising KLH moiety subunits, wherein each KLH moiety subunit comprises one or more Globo series antigens moieties covalently linked to a keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) moiety subunit.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises dimers of at least two KLH moiety subunits, wherein each KLH moiety subunits comprises one or more Globo series antigens moieties covalently linked to a KLH moiety subunit.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises trimers of at least three KLH moiety subunits, wherein each KLH moiety subunits comprises one or more Globo series antigens moieties covalently linked to a KLH moiety subunit. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises at least four KLH moiety subunits, wherein each KLH moiety subunit comprises one or more Globo series antigens moieties covalently linked to a KLH moiety subunit.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises a mixture of KLH moiety subunits (e.g., monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, hexamers etc.), wherein each KLH moiety subunits comprises multiple Globo series antigens moieties covalently linked to a KLH moiety subunit.
• KLH moiety subunits e.g., monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, hexamers etc.
• composition embodiments and methods of use thereof can include or exclude (e.g. proviso out) any one or more of the other representative compound and/or composition embodiments described herein.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises an adjuvant.
• adjuvant refers to a substance used in conjunction with an immunogen which enhances or modifies the immune response to the immunogen.
• adjuvant refers to a compound or mixture that may be non- immunogenic when administered to a host alone, but that augments the host's immune response to another antigen when administered conjointly with that antigen.
• Adjuvant- mediated enhancement and/or extension of the duration of the immune response can be assessed by any method known in the art including without limitation one or more of the following: (i) an increase in the number of antibodies produced in response to immunization with the adjuvant/antigen combination versus those produced in response to immunization with the antigen alone; (ii) an increase in the number of T cells recognizing the antigen or the adjuvant; and (iii) an increase in the level of one or more Type I cytokines.
• the adjuvant of can be administered as part of a pharmaceutical or vaccine composition comprising an antigen or as a separate formulation, which is administered conjointly with a second composition containing an antigen.
• a pharmaceutical or vaccine composition comprising an antigen or as a separate formulation, which is administered conjointly with a second composition containing an antigen.
• glycosphingolipids can be combined with other adjuvants and/or excipients/carriers.
• adjuvants include, but are not limited to, oil-emulsion and emulsifier-based adjuvants such as complete Freund's adjuvant, incomplete Freund's adjuvant, MF59, or SAF; mineral gels such as aluminum hydroxide (alum), aluminum phosphate or calcium phosphate; microbially-derived adjuvants such as cholera toxin (CT), pertussis toxin, Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin (LT), mutant toxins (e.g., LTK63 or LTR72), Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), Corynebacterium parvum, DNA CpG motifs, muramyl dipeptide, or monophosphoryl lipid A; particulate adjuvants such as immunostimulatory complexes (ISCOMs), liposomes, biodegradable microspheres, or saponins (e.g., QS-21); cytokines such as IFN- ⁇ , IL-2, IL
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises a cytokine selected from the group consisting of IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, IL-2, IFN- ⁇ , T F, IL-4, IL-10, IL- 13, IL-21, GM-CSF and TGF- ⁇ .
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises a chemokine.
• the immunogenic/therapeutic agent is administered as a pharmaceutical composition.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises monoclonal antibodies, chemotherapeutics, hormonal therapeutic agents, retinoid receptor modulators, cytotoxic/cytostatic agents, antineoplastic agents, antiproliferative agents, anti- mTOR agents, anti-Her2 agents, anti-EGFR agents, prenyl -protein transferase inhibitors, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, nitrogen mustards, nitroso ureas, angiogenesis inhibitors, bevacizumab, inhibitors of cell proliferation and survival signaling pathway, apoptosis inducing agents, agents that interfere with cell cycle checkpoints, agents that interfere with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), integrin blockers, NSAIDs, PPAR agonists, inhibitors of inherent multidrug resistance (MDR), anti -emetic agents, agents useful in the treatment of anemia, agents useful in the treatment of neutropenia, immunologic-enhancing drugs, biphosphonates, aromatas
• the therapeutic compositions of the invention can further comprise PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte (CTLs)
• CTLs cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• the pharmaceutical composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• composition is a cancer vaccine.
• pharmaceutical composition is formulated for subcutaneous administration.
• the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for subcutaneous administration.
• the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for intramuscular administration. In still another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for intra-arterial administration. In still another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is formulated for intravenous administration.
• Figure 1A shows the result of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) of KLH using multi-angle laser scattering spectrometry (MALS) as detector.
• Figure IB shows the mass distribution analysis of KLH using SEC-MALS.
• Figure 2 shows the mass distribution analysis of SSEA-4-KLH glycoconjugate (Figure 2A), Globo H-KLH glycoconjugate ( Figure 2B) and SSEA-3-KLH glycoconjugate ( Figure 2C) using SEC-MALS.
• Figure 3 A and Figure 3B show the result of Anti-SSEA-4 IgM level and median concentration from five individual mouse induced by different doses of SSEA-4- KLH and SSEA-4-DT single valent vaccine with OBI-821 adjuvant.
• Figure 3C and Figure 3D show the result of Anti-SSEA-4 IgG levels induced by different doses of SSEA-4-KLH and SSEA-4-DT single valent vaccine with OBI-821 adjuvant.
• Figure 4A and Figure 4B show the result of Anti-SSEA-4 IgM level and median concentration from five individual mouse induced by different doses of SSEA-4- KLH and SSEA-4-DT single valent vaccine with OBI-834 adjuvant.
• Figure 4C and Figure 4D show the result of Anti-SSEA-4 IgG levels induced by different doses of SSEA-4-KLH and SSEA-4-DT single valent vaccine with OB 1-834 adjuvant.
• Figure 5 shows the immunogenicity result induced by bi-valent vaccine (SSEA-4-KLH combined with Globo H-KLH glycoconjugate) with OBI-821 adjuvant.
• Figure 5A shows the result Anti-Globo H IgM levels
• Figure 5B shows the result Anti-SSEA- 3 IgM levels
• Figure 5C shows the result Anti-SSEA-4 IgM levels
• Figure 5D shows the result Anti-Globo H IgG levels
• Figure 5E shows the result Anti-SSEA-3 IgG levels
• Figure 5F shows the result Anti-SSEA-4 IgG levels.
• Figure 6 shows the immunogenicity result induced by tri-valent vaccine (SSEA-4-KLH + Globo H-KLH + SSEA-3-KLH glycoconjugate) with OBI-821 adjuvant.
• Figure 6A shows the result Anti-Globo H IgM levels and
• Figure 6B shows the result Anti- SSEA-4 IgM levels.
• Figure 6C shows the result Anti-Globo H IgG levels and
• Figure 6D shows the result Anti-SSEA-4 IgG levels.
• Glycoconjugates may be used in active immunotherapy generated from vaccinations to specifically target known target agents on tumor cells.
• the response to carbohydrate antigens normally does not enlist the use of T-cells, which would aid in the body's rejection of the tumor. While the probability of complete tumor rejection as a result of vaccination with a conjugate is thought to be unlikely, such treatments will boost immune surveillance and recurrence of new tumor colonies can be reduced.
• Toyokuni and Singhal have described a synthetic glycoconjugate (Toyokuni, T., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc, 1994, 116, 395) that stimulated a measurable IgG titer, a result which is significant since an IgG response is generally associated with enlistment of helper T cells.
• the present disclosure is directed to immunogenic/therapeutic compounds, compositions, and/or pharmaceutical formulation compositions targeted to/mediated by SSEA-4, as well as, immunotherapeutics, vaccines, dosage forms, kits, and methods of manufacture, and treatment thereof.
• alkyl refers to a straight or branched monovalent hydrocarbon containing, unless otherwise stated, 1-20 carbon atoms, e.g., C1-C8 or C1-C4, which can be substituted or unsubstituted.
• alkyl include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, ⁇ -propyl, / ' -propyl, «-butyl, / ' -butyl, and t-butyl.
• Treating or “treating” is referred to herein as administration of a therapeutic composition to a subject with the purpose to cure, alleviate, relieve, remedy, prevent, or ameliorate a disorder, symptoms of the disorder, a disease state secondary to the disorder, or predisposition toward the disorder.
• an "effective amount” is an amount of a therapeutic composition that is capable of producing a medically desirable result as delineated herein in a treated subject.
• the medically desirable result may be objective (i.e., measurable by some test or marker) or subjective (i.e., subject gives an indication of or feels an effect).
• Disease amenable to treatment with a therapeutic composition means any procedures, conditions, disorders, ailments and/or illnesses which can be treated by the administration of the therapeutic compositions disclosed herein.
• a proliferative disorder is one in which too many of some type of cell are produced resulting in deterioration of health.
• a proliferative disorder can be benign or malignant.
• Proliferative disorders can include for example, cancer.
• cancer that can be treated by the therapeutic compositions disclosed herein, includes cells with an abnormal growth state. Cancer cells can be characterized by loss of normal control mechanisms and thus are able to expand
• a cancer can be malignant or benign. Cancer can develop from any tissue within the body. As cells grow and multiply, they form a mass of tissue, called a tumor. The term tumor can include an abnormal growth or mass. Tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Cancerous tumors can invade neighboring tissues and spread throughout the body
• Benign tumors generally do not invade neighboring tissues and do not spread throughout the body. Cancer can be divided into those of the blood and blood- forming tissues (leukemia and lymphoma) and "solid" tumors. "Solid” tumors can include carcinomas or sarcomas.
• Cancers that may be treated by the therapeutic compositions of the invention include those classified by site include cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (lip, tongue, salivary gland, floor of mouth, gum and other mouth, nasopharynx, tonsil, oropharynx, hypopharynx, other oral/pharynx); cancers of the digestive system (esophagus; stomach; small intestine; colon and rectum; anus, anal canal, and anorectum; liver; intrahepatic bile duct; gallbladder; other biliary; pancreas; retroperitoneum; peritoneum, omentum, and mesentery; other digestive); cancers of the respiratory system (nasal cavity, middle ear, and sinuses; larynx; lung and bronchus; pleura; trachea, mediastinum, and other respiratory); cancers of the mesothelioma; bones and joints; and soft tissue, including heart; skin cancers, including
• Adenocarcinoma familial polyposis coli; Solid carcinoma, NOS; Carcinoid tumor, malignant; Bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinoma; Papillary adenocarcinoma, NOS;
• Chromophobe carcinoma Acidophil carcinoma; Oxyphilic adenocarcinoma; Basophil carcinoma; Clear cell adenocarcinoma, NOS; Granular cell carcinoma; Follicular
• adenocarcinoma NOS; Papillary and follicular adenocarcinoma; Nonencapsulating sclerosing carcinoma; Adrenal cortical carcinoma; Endometroid carcinoma; Skin appendage carcinoma; Apocrine adenocarcinoma; Sebaceous adenocarcinoma; Ceruminous
• adenocarcinoma Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
• Cystadenocarcinoma NOS
• Papillary cystadenocarcinoma NOS
• Papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma Mucinous
• cystadenocarcinoma NOS; Mucinous adenocarcinoma; Signet ring cell carcinoma;
• Choriocarcinoma Mesonephroma, malignant; Hemangiosarcoma; Hemangioendothelioma, malignant; Kaposi's sarcoma; Hemangiopericytoma, malignant; Lymphangiosarcoma;
• Osteosarcoma Nosenchymal chondrosarcoma
• Juxtacortical osteosarcoma Chondrosarcoma, NOS; Chondroblastoma, malignant; Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma; Giant cell tumor of bone; Ewing's sarcoma; Odontogenic tumor, malignant; Ameloblastic odontosarcoma; Ameloblastoma, malignant; Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma; Pinealoma, malignant; Chordoma; Glioma, malignant;
• Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease Leukemia, NOS; Lymphoid leukemia, NOS; Plasma cell leukemia; Erythroleukemia; Lymphosarcoma cell leukemia; Myeloid leukemia, NOS; Basophilic leukemia; Eosinophilic leukemia; Monocytic leukemia, NOS; Mast cell leukemia; Megakaryoblastic leukemia; Myeloid sarcoma; and Hairy cell leukemia.
• Epithelial cancers refers to cancer(s) that develops from epithelium or related tissues in the skin, hollow viscera, and other organs.
• Epithelial cancers include but are not limited to breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, buccal cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, dermal cancer, renal cancer, brain tumor, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, intestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bladder cancer.
• atient or “Subject” as used herein refers to a mammalian subject diagnosed with or suspected of having or developing a proliferative disease such as cancer.
• exemplary patients may be humans, apes, dogs, pigs, cattle, cats, horses, goats, sheep, rodents and other mammalians that can benefit develop proliferative diseases such as cancer.
• substantially purified or “substantially isolated” refers to a molecule (e.g. a compound) in a state that it is separated from substantially all other molecules normally associated with it in its native state.
• a substantially purified molecule is the predominant species present in a preparation.
• a substantially purified molecule may be greater than 60% free, preferably 75% free, or 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, or 99.5% free, or any range between any two recited percentages free from the other molecules (exclusive of solvent) present in the natural mixture.
• a substantially purified molecule is more preferably 90% free, and most preferably 95% free from the other molecules (exclusive of solvent) present in the natural mixture.
• the term "substantially purified” or “substantially isolated” is not intended to include molecules or substances present in their native state.
• the term "substantially purified” or “substantially isolated” includes purifying one KLH moiety from another KLH moiety (e.g., substantially purifying or substantially isolating a KLH dimer moiety from a KLH trimer moiety).
• a substantially purified KLH dimer moiety may be than 60% free, preferably 75% free, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5%, 99%, or 99.5% free, or any range between any two recited percentages free from other KLH multimers present in the mixture.
• a KLH dimer (or other immunogenic multimer moiety) is more preferably 90% free, and most preferably 95% free from other KLH multimers present in the mixture.
• the term "substantially purified” or “substantially isolated” does not include purifying one multimer moiety from another multimer moiety, e.g, does not include purifying one KLH moiety from another KLH moiety (e.g. KLH dimers and KLH trimmers are included in a substantially purified or substantially isolated composition) but impurities are substantially removed.
• administering is referred to herein as providing a therapeutic composition of the invention to a patient.
• composition of the invention to a patient.
• administration may be performed by intravenous (i.v.) injection, subcutaneous (s.c.) injection, intradermal (i.d.) injection, intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection, or intramuscular (i.m.) injection.
• i.v. intravenous
• s.c. subcutaneous
• i.d. intradermal
• i.p. intraperitoneal
• i.m. intramuscular
• Parenteral administration can be, for example, by bolus injection or by gradual perfusion over time.
• administration may be by the oral route or nasal route.
• administration may also be by surgical deposition of a bolus or positioning of a medical device.
• a patient in need thereof is referred to herein as a patient diagnosed with or suspected of having a proliferative disorder.
• the patient has or is likely to develop cancer.
• the term "antigen" is defined as any substance capable of eliciting an immune response, with or without the help of a protein carrier and/or an adjuvant.
• the antigen of the inventive compositions includes a carbohydrate and more preferably glycan-antigen and most preferably a SSEA-4, Globo H or SSEA-3 moiety.
• immunogenicity refers to the ability of an immunogen, antigen, or vaccine to stimulate an immune response.
• the term “immunotherapy” refers to an array of treatment strategies based upon the concept of modulating the immune system to achieve a prophylactic and/or therapeutic goal.
• epitope is defined as the parts of an antigen molecule which contact the antigen binding site of an antibody or a T cell receptor.
• the "therapeutic compositions” of the invention include “immunogenic conjugates and/or therapeutic conjugates and/or “therapeutic antibodies.”
• the therapeutic conjugates include at least one antigen linked to a carrier.
• the linkage of the therapeutic conjugate is covalent.
• the antigen is a glycan such as Globo series antigen (SSEA-4, Globo H or SSEA-3) moiety
• the carrier is a KLH moiety and/or a KLH moiety subunit.
• the term therapeutic conjugate encompasses one or more KLH moiety subunits linked to one or more Globo series antigen moieties.
• the term therapeutic conjugate encompasses a one or more KLH moieties linked to about or at least 1, 10, 10 2 or 10 3 or more Globo series antigen moieties.
• Another embodiment encompasses isolated dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers or hexamers of such Globo series antigen linked KLH moiety subunits, or combinations thereof.
• "Therapeutic antibodies” are defined to be as antibodies (as further defined below) that specifically bind the inventive therapeutic conjugates and preferably the Globo series antigen moiety portion of the therapeutic conjugates.
• the term "vaccine” refers to a therapeutic composition that contains a therapeutic conjugate that is used to confer immunity against a disease associated with the antigen.
• Cancer vaccines are designed to boost the body's natural ability to protect itself, through the immune system, from dangers posed by damaged or abnormal cells such as cancer cells.
• a protective immune response is one that reduces the severity of disease, including but not limited to, prevention of disease, delay in onset of disease, decreased severity of symptoms, decreased morbidity, and delayed mortality.
• a vaccine is capable of activating both humoral immune response (e.g. stimulation of the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes) and cellular immune response (e.g.
• T-lymphocytes and/or other cells such as K cells and macrophages.
• Standard assays have been developed to determine the immune response such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, cell proliferation assay, CTL assays, and ADCC/CDC assays.
• ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
• flow cytometry cell proliferation assay
• CTL assays CTL assays
• ADCC/CDC assays ADCC/CDC assays.
• glycoscan refers to a polysaccharide
• Glycan is also used herein to refer to the carbohydrate portion of a glycoconjugate, such as a glycoprotein, glycolipid, glycopeptide, glycoproteome,
• Glycans usually consist solely of O- glycosidic linkages between monosaccharides.
• cellulose is a glycan (or more specifically a glucan) composed of P-l,4-linked D-glucose
• chitin is a glycan composed of P-l,4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.
• Glycans can be homo or heteropolymers of monosaccharide residues, and can be linear or branched. Glycans can be found attached to proteins as in glycoproteins and proteoglycans. They are generally found on the exterior surface of cells.
• O- and N-linked glycans are very common in eukaryotes but may also be found, although less commonly, in prokaryotes.
• N-Linked glycans are found attached to the R-group nitrogen (N) of asparagine in the sequon.
• the sequon is an Asn-X-Ser or Asn-X-Thr sequence, where X is any amino acid except praline.
• the preferred glycan is a Globo series antigen (SSEA-4, Globo H or SSEA-3) moiety.
• Cancers expressing Globo series antigens include, but are not limited to, sarcoma, skin cancer, leukemia, lymphoma, brain cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, oral cancer, esophagus cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, bile duct cancer, pancreas cancer, colon cancer, kidney cancer, cervix cancer, ovary cancer and prostate cancer.
• SSEA-4 moiety is defined herein to be a glycan (i.e., a molecule containing a sugar moiety) that is SSEA-4 or a fragment or analog thereof.
• SSEA-4 is a glycan containing the hexasaccharide epitope (Neu5Aca2 ⁇ 3Gaipi ⁇ 3GalNAcpi ⁇ 3Galal ⁇ 4Gaipi ⁇ 4Glcpi), and optionally, a non-sugar moiety.
• Its fragment is a glycan containing a fragment of the hexasaccharide epitope and, if applicable, the non-sugar moiety.
• Globo H moiety is defined herein to be a glycan (i.e., a molecule containing a sugar moiety) that is Globo H or a fragment or analog thereof.
• Globo H is a glycan containing the hexasaccharide epitope (Fucal ⁇ 2 Gaipi ⁇ 3 GalNAcpi ⁇ 3 Galal ⁇ 4 Gaipi ⁇ 4 Glc), and optionally, a non-sugar moiety.
• Its fragment is a glycan containing a fragment of the hexasaccharide epitope and, if applicable, the non-sugar moiety.
• SSEA-3 moiety is defined herein to be a glycan (i.e., a molecule containing a sugar moiety) that is SSEA-3 or a fragment or analog thereof.
• SSEA-3 is a glycan containing the pentasaccharide epitope (Gaipi ⁇ 3GalNAcpi ⁇ 3Galal ⁇ 4Gaipi ⁇
• 4Glcpi 4Glcpi
• a non-sugar moiety optionally, a non-sugar moiety.
• Its fragment is a glycan containing a fragment of the hexasaccharide epitope and, if applicable, the non-sugar moiety.
• KLH Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin
• KLH is a large, multisubunit, oxygen- carrying, metalloprotein found in the hemolymph of the giant keyhole limpet, Megathura crenulata.
• KLH is heterogeneous glycosylated protein consisting of subunits with a molecular weight of about 350,000 to about 390,000 in aggregates with molecular weights of about 400 kDa ⁇ e.g., a KLH monomer) to about 8000 kDa ⁇ e.g., a KLH didecamer).
• Each domain of a KLH subunit contains two copper atoms that together bind a single oxygen molecule.
• KLH protein When oxygen is bound to hemocyanin, the molecule takes on a distinctive transparent, opalescent blue color.
• the KLH protein is potently immunogenic yet safe in humans.
• KLH may be purified from the hemolymph of Megathura crenulata by a series of steps that typically includes ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis, and may involve chromatographic purification to obtain the highest purity.
• KLH purification may also include endotoxin removal, but this step may be unnecessary because the endotoxin can serve as an adjuvant when injected for antibody production.
• a high quality KLH preparation with the clear opalescent blue color is the best indicator of KLH solubility.
• the KLH monomeric units assemble into a large multimer (decamer or didecamer) with a total molecular weight of about 4,000 kDa to 8,000 kDa.
• the higher KLH multimers have molecular weights of approximately 8-10 million with sedimentation coefficients of about 92-107S.
• the amount of higher KLH multimers present is based on sedimentation-equilibrium and/or sedimentation- velocity ultracentrifugation analyses.
• the KLH of the invention demonstrates an enhanced immunogenic activity, particularly enhanced anti-tumor activity.
• the enhanced immunogenic activity is seen for example, but not limited, (a) with injection of KLH (without adjuvant), (b) with KLH used as an adjuvant, (c) with KLH used as a carrier immunogen for haptens or weakly immunogenic antigens, and (d) with KLH used as an antitumor agent.
• the KLH composition of the invention exhibits enhanced anti-tumor activity for many tumors, including, but not limited to, bladder, breast, ovarian tumors, etc.
• two KLH moieties can form a dimer via a covalent linkage between KLH monomers.
• KLH moieties are through a disulfide bond.
• two or more KLH moieties can form a dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer, hexamer, etc. via a covalent linkage between KLH monomers, dimers, trimers, etc.
• the covalent linkage between KLH moieties is through a disulfide bond.
• a KLH moiety protein in certain embodiments shows a reduction in molecular weight compared to the intact molecule preferably due to Globo series antigen moiety subunit dissociation.
• the conjugation methods disclosed herein result in a KLH subunit dissociation not previously reported. While not wishing to be bound to any particular theory, it is envisaged that the high glycosylation level of the inventive Globo series antigen moiety-KLH moiety subunit conjugates results in the formation hydrogen bonding between the Globo series antigen moieties.
• the Van Der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions between the KLH moiety subunits are displaced by Globo series antigen hydrogen bonding and this leads to KLH moiety subunit separation.
• the KLH moiety subunits of a Globo series antigen moiety-KLH moiety conjugate preferably aggregate to form novel monomers, dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, hexamers or any combination thereof.
• the resulting exemplary therapeutic Globo series antigen moiety-KLH moiety conjugates, with an unexpectedly large epitope ratio, have surprising and unexpected superior immunogenic attributes.
• the Globo series antigen moieties are conjugated to lysines on KLH1 and KLH2. In other embodiments, the Globo series antigen moieties are not conjugated to lysines on KLH1 and KLH2.
• epitope ratio relating to the therapeutic conjugates disclosed herein refers to for example, the relationship of antigen epitopes to carrier molecules in a therapeutic conjugate.
• it refers to the relationship of Globo series antigen (SSEA- 4, Globo H or SSEA-3) moieties to KLH moieties.
• SSEA- 4, Globo H or SSEA-3 moieties to KLH moieties.
• Epitope ratios are readily determinable by those of skill in the art.
• the weights of Globo series antigen are determined for example by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD).
• the invention also encompasses isolated therapeutic antibodies, which specifically bind the therapeutic conjugates disclosed herein with affinity, as well as their use in the treatment and/or diagnosis of proliferative disease.
• antibody and “antibodies” encompass monoclonal antibodies (including full-length monoclonal antibodies), polyclonal antibodies, multispecific antibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies) formed from at least two intact antibodies, human antibodies, humanized antibodies, camelised antibodies, chimeric antibodies, single-chain Fvs (scFv), single-chain antibodies, single domain antibodies, domain antibodies, Fab fragments, F(ab')2 fragments, antibody fragments that exhibit the desired biological activity, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv), and anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies (including, e.g., anti-Id antibodies to antibodies of the invention), intrabodies, and epitope- binding fragments of any of the above.
• antibodies include immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active fragments of immunoglobulin molecules, i.e., molecules that contain an antigen-binding site
• Immunoglobulin molecules can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD, IgA and IgY), class (e.g., IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgAl and IgA2) or subclass.
• Affinity of an antibody for an epitope is a term well understood in the art and means the extent, or strength, of binding of antibody to epitope. Affinity may be measured and/or expressed in a number of ways known in the art, including, but not limited to, equilibrium dissociation constant (KD or Kd), apparent equilibrium dissociation constant (KD' or Kd'), and IC50 (amount needed to effect 50% inhibition in a competition assay).
• KD or Kd equilibrium dissociation constant
• KD' or Kd' apparent equilibrium dissociation constant
• IC50 amount needed to effect 50% inhibition in a competition assay.
• an affinity is an average affinity for a given population of antibodies which bind to an epitope. Values of KD' reported herein in terms of mg IgG per mL or mg/mL indicates mg Ig per mL of serum, although plasma can be used.
• antibody affinity is used as a basis for administration of the treatment methods described herein, or selection for the treatment methods described herein, antibody affinity can be measured before and/or during treatment, and the values obtained can be used by a clinician in assessing whether a human patient is an appropriate candidate for treatment.
• specifically binding refers to the interaction between binding pairs (e.g., an antibody and an antigen).
• specifically binding can be embodied by an affinity constant of at least or about 10 "6 moles/liter, about 10 " 7 moles/liter, about 10 "8 moles/liter, or less, about 10 "9 moles/liter, or about about 10 "10 moles/liter, or less, or any range between any two recited binding affinity constants.
• Exemplary antibodies against the Globo series antigen may be prepared by collecting body fluid from the immunized subject examined for the increase of desired antibodies such as the serum, and by separating serum from the blood by any conventional method.
• Antibodies are generally raised by multiple injections of the relevant antigen and an adjuvant. It may be useful to conjugate the relevant antigen to a protein that is immunogenic in the species to be immunized, e.g., keyhole limpet hemocyanin.
• a protein that is immunogenic in the species to be immunized e.g., keyhole limpet hemocyanin.
• antigens may be diluted and suspended in an appropriate amount of phosphate buffered saline (PBS), physiological saline, etc. If desired, the antigen suspension may be mixed with an appropriate amount of an adjuvant, and then administered to the subject.
• PBS phosphate buffered saline
• an adjuvant an adjuvant
• subjects can be boosted until the titer plateaus by several administrations of antigen mixed with an appropriately amount of adjuvant.
• An appropriate carrier may also be used for immunization. After immunization as above, serum is examined by a method for an increase in the amount of desired antibodies.
• the vaccine can comprise a carbohydrate antigen or its immunogenic fragment and an adjuvant.
• the vaccine comprises a carbohydrate antigen or its immunogenic fragment; a carrier protein and an OBI-821 adjuvant.
• the vaccine comprises a carbohydrate antigen selected from SSEA-4, KLH, and an OBI-821 adjuvant.
• carrier protein include, for example, KLH or DT-CRM 197.
• compositions can include other anti-cancer/anti-proliferative drugs as well as adjuvants and other immunomodulatory molecules such as cytokines or chemokines.
• the combination can be a co-administration of separate agent/compositions or co-formulation. These agents can be delivered in a kit together in separate containers or a single container.
• Adjuvants are pharmacological or immunological agents that modify the effects of other agents. They can be an inorganic or organic chemical, macromolecule or whole cancer cells or portions thereof which enhance the immune response to given antigen.
• Adjuvants include complete and incomplete Freund's adjuvant, Toll-Like Receptor molecules and mimetics thereof, LPS, lipoproteins, lipopeptides, flagellin, double- stranded RNA, unmethylated CpG islands, levamisole, bacillus Calmette-Guerin, octreotide, isoprinosine and Zadaxin, various forms of DNA and RNA classically released by bacteria and viruses, PD-1 antagonists and CTLA antagonists.
• the adjuvant is a saponin adjuvant.
• the saponin adjuvant is OBI-821, which is substantially pure.
• the OBI-821 is a biologically active fragments thereof.
• the adjuvant may also encompass impure forms of OBI-821.
• the purified OBI-821 exhibit enhanced adjuvant effect when administered with a vaccine described herein or admixed with other substantially pure saponin or non-saponin adjuvants.
• OBI-821 adjuvant is naturally occurring glycosides, extracted in high purify from the bark of the Quillaja saponaria Molina tree, by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), low pressure liquid silica chromatography, and hydrophilic interactive
• HILIC chromatography
• OBI-821 adjuvant comprises at least one isolated compound of formula I as follows:
• R 1 is ⁇ -D-Apiose or ⁇ -D-Xylose or H
• R 2 and R 3 are independently H, fatty acyl moiety.
• OBI-821 adjuvant can also comprise an isolated compound of formula I, wherein:
• R 1 is ⁇ -D-Apiose
• R 2 is the fatty acyl moiety depicted above
• R 3 is H (1989 compound VIA);
• R 1 is ⁇ -D-Apiose
• R 2 is H
• R 3 is the fatty acyl moiety depicted above (1989 compound VIB);
• R 1 is ⁇ -D-Xylose
• R 2 is the fatty acyl moiety depicted above
• R 3 is H (1989 compound V2A); or
• R 1 is ⁇ -D- Xylose
• R 2 is H
• R 3 is the fatty acyl moiety depicted above (1989 compound V2B).
• Table 1 summarizes the functional groups of 1989 compounds and the mole % of each 1989 compound in the 1989 compounds mixture.
• OB 1-821 adjuvant can comprise an isolated compound of formula I where:
• R 1 is H
• R 2 is the fatty acyl moiety depicted above
• R 3 is H (1857 compound A);
• R 1 is H
• R 2 is H
• R 3 is the fatty acyl moiety depicted above (1857 compound B);
• 1857 compound A and 1857 compound B are called “1857 compounds mixture.”
• Table 2 summarizes the functional groups of 1857 compounds and the mole % of each 1857 compound in the 1857 compounds mixture. HPLC.
• OBI-821 adjuvant comprises one or more of the following compounds:
• the percentages of the 1857 compounds mixture and the 1989 compound mixture in OB 1-821 adjuvant can range as follows: about 1 mole % to about 25 mole % of OBI-821 comprising an 1857 compounds mixture; and
• All of the mole % can be varied by 0.1% increments and including any % range within any of the recited ranges (e.g. about 75 mole% to about 99 mole % includes about 87% to about 90%, and about 90.5% to about 97%, while about 1 mole% to about 25 mole % includes about 3.5% to about 1 1%, about 10% to about 14%).
• Further exemplary mole % can range from about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, to about 25 %; or from about 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 to about 99 % or ranges between any two recited mole % herein.
• the 1989 compounds mixture may comprise about 60-75 mole % of 1989 compound VIA; about 0-10 mole % of 1989 compound V1B; about 25-40 mole % of 1989 compound V2A; and about 0-10 mole % of 1989 compound V2B. All of the mole % can be varied by 0.1 increment (e.g. 65%, 2.5%, 35.6%).
• Further exemplary mole % can range from about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, to about 25 %; 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 to about 75%; 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33,34,35,36,37, 38, 39, to about 40 % or ranges between any two recited mole % herein.
• the 1857 compounds mixture may comprise about 90-100 mole % of 1857 compound A; about 0-10 mole % of 1857 compound B. All of the mole % can be varied by 0.1 increment (e.g., 65%, 2.5%, 35.6%). Further exemplary mole % can range from about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, to about 10% or 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, to about 99 %, or ranges between any two recited mole % herein.
• the substantially pure OBI-821 is purified from a crude Quillaja saponaria extract, wherein said OBI-821 is characterized by a single predominant peak which comprises 90% or more of the total area of all peaks of a chromatogram, excluding the solvent peak, when analyzed on reverse phase-HPLC on a Symmetry C18 column having 5 um particle size, 100 A pore, 4.6mm IDx25cm L with a elution program comprising mobile phase of A:B 95%:5% to 75%:25% in 11 minutes , which mobile phase A is distilled water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid, and mobile phase B is acetonitrile with 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid at a flow rate of 1 mL/min.
• % ratios can range from (about 95%, 94, 93, 92, 91, 90, 89, 88, 87, 86, 85, 84, 83, 82, 81, 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, to about 75%) versus from about 25%, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 29, 28, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, to about 5%); ranges between any two recited mole % herein.
• the vaccine can comprise a carbohydrate antigen or its immunogenic fragment and an OBI-821 adjuvant.
• the vaccine comprises a carbohydrate antigen or its immunogenic fragment; a carrier protein and an OBI-821 adjuvant.
• the vaccine comprises a carbohydrate antigen selected from SSEA-4, KLH, and an OBI-821 adjuvant.
• Non limiting examples of carrier protein include KLH.
• a-galactosyl-ceramide and "a-GalCer” refer to a glycolipid that stimulates natural killer T cells to produce both T helper 1 (TH1) and TH2 cytokine, as described in US Pat. No. 8,268,969, the content of which is incorporate by reference in its entirety.
• OB 1-834 also known as C34 adjuvant is characterized by the following exemplary structure:
• cytokine refers to any of numerous small, secreted proteins that regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response by affecting immune cells differentiation process usually involving changes in gene expression by which a precursor cell becomes a distinct specialized cell type.
• Cytokines have been variously named as lymphokines, interleukins, and chemokines, based on their presumed function, cell of secretion, or target of action.
• some common interleukins include, but are not limited to, IL-2, IL-12, IL-18, IL-2, IFN- ⁇ , T F, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-21, GM-CSF, and TGF- ⁇ .
• chemokine refers to any of various small chemotactic cytokines released at the site of infection that provide a means for mobilization and activation of lymphocytes. Chemokines attract leukocytes to infection sites. Chemokines have conserved cysteine residues that allow them to be assigned to four groups. The groups, with representative chemokines, are C-C chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, ⁇ - la, and ⁇ - 1 ⁇ ), C-X-C chemokines (IL-8), C chemokines (Lymphotactin), and CXXXC chemokines (Fractalkine).
• C-C chemokines RANTES, MCP-1, ⁇ - la, and ⁇ - 1 ⁇
• C-X-C chemokines IL-8
• C chemokines Lymphotactin
• CXXXC chemokines Fractalkine
• the therapeutic compositions of the invention can further include PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte (CTLs) immunotherapy), CTLA-4 immunotherapy, CDK4/6 inhibitors (target therapy), PI3K inhibitors (target therapy), mTOR inhibitors (target therapy), AKT inhibitors (target therapy), Pan-Her inhibitors (target therapy). These inhibitors can be modified to generate the respective monoclonal antibody as well. Such antibodies can be included in therapeutic compositions of the invention.
• CTLs cytotoxic T cell lymphocyte
• CTLA-4 immunotherapy CTLA-4 immunotherapy
• CDK4/6 inhibitors target therapy
• PI3K inhibitors target therapy
• mTOR inhibitors target therapy
• AKT inhibitors target therapy
• Pan-Her inhibitors Pan-Her inhibitors
• the therapeutic compositions can include other anti-cancer/anti-proliferative or chemotherapeutic agents.
• anti-cancer agents include, but are not limited to, the following: hormonal therapeutic agents (e.g., selective estrogen receptor modulators, androgen receptor modulators), monoclonal antibody therapy, chemotherapy, retinoid receptor modulators, cytotoxic/cytostatic agents,
• antineoplastic agents antiproliferative agents, prenyl -protein transferase inhibitors, HMG- CoA reductase inhibitors, nitrogen mustards, nitroso ureas, angiogenesis inhibitors (e.g., bevacizumab), inhibitors of cell proliferation and survival signaling pathway, apoptosis inducing agents, agents that interfere with cell cycle checkpoints, agents that interfere with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitors, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, integrin blockers, NSAIDs, PPAR agonists, inhibitors of inherent multidrug resistance (MDR), anti-emetic agents, agents useful in the treatment of anemia, agents useful in the treatment of neutropenia, immunologic-enhancing drugs, biphosphonates, aromatase inhibitors, agents inducing terminal differentiation of neoplastic cells
• compositions generally include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carrier includes solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like, compatible with pharmaceutical administration. Supplementary active compounds can also be incorporated into the compositions.
• a pharmaceutical composition is formulated to be compatible with its intended route of administration. Examples of routes of administration include parenteral, e.g., intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, oral (e.g., inhalation), transdermal (topical), transmucosal, and rectal administration.
• Solutions or suspensions used for parenteral, intradermal, or subcutaneous application can include the following components: a sterile diluent such as water for injection, saline solution, phosphate buffered saline, tris-buffered saline, fixed oils, polyethylene glycols, glycerine, propylene glycol, or other synthetic solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl parabens; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates, or phosphates and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose.
• the pH value can be adjusted with acids or bases, such as hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide.
• the parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes, or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic.
• compositions suitable for an injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions (where water soluble) or dispersions and sterile powders for the
• suitable carriers include physiological saline, bacteriostatic water, Cremophor EL® (BASF, Parsippany, N.J.), or phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
• the composition should be sterile and should be fluid to the extent that easy syringability exists. It should be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage and be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
• the carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (for example, glycerol, propylene glycol, and liquid polyethylene glycol, and the like), and suitable mixtures thereof.
• the proper fluidity can be maintained, for example, by the use of a coating such as lecithin, by the maintenance of the required particle size in the case of dispersion and by the use of surfactants.
• Prevention of the action of microorganisms can be achieved by various antibacterial and antifungal agents, for example, parabens, chlorobutanol, phenol, ascorbic acid, thimerosal, and the like.
• isotonic agents for example, sugars, polyalcohols such as manitol, sorbitol, or sodium chloride in the composition.
• Prolonged absorption of the injectable compositions can be brought about by including in the composition an agent which delays absorption, for example, aluminum monostearate and gelatin.
• Sterile injectable solutions can be prepared by incorporating the active compound in the required amount in an appropriate solvent with one or a combination of ingredients enumerated above, as required, followed by filtered sterilization.
• dispersions are prepared by incorporating the active compound into a sterile vehicle which contains a basic dispersion medium and the required other ingredients from those enumerated above.
• methods of preparation include vacuum drying and freeze-drying, which yields a powder of the active ingredient plus any additional desired ingredient from a previously sterile- filtered solution thereof.
• Oral compositions generally include an inert diluent or an edible carrier.
• the active compound can be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of tablets, troches, or capsules, e.g., gelatin capsules.
• Oral compositions can also be prepared using a fluid carrier for use as a mouthwash.
• compositions can contain any of the following ingredients, or compounds of a similar nature: a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or sterotes; a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide; a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin; or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate, or orange flavoring.
• a binder such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin
• an excipient such as starch or lactose, a disintegrating agent such as alginic acid, Primogel, or corn starch
• a lubricant such as magnesium stearate or sterotes
• a glidant such as colloidal silicon dioxide
• a sweetening agent such as sucrose or saccharin
• the formulations of the invention can take the form of, for example, tablets or capsules prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as binding agents (e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate); lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrants (e.g., potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulphate).
• binding agents e.g., pregelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
• fillers e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate
• lubricants e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica
• disintegrants e.g., potato
• compositions of the invention can be also introduced in microspheres or microcapsules, e.g., fabricated from poly-glycolic acid/lactic acid (PGLA) (see, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,814,344; 5,100,669 and 4,849,222; PCT Publication Nos. WO 95/11010 and WO 93/07861).
• PGLA poly-glycolic acid/lactic acid
• Liquid preparations for oral administration can take the form of, for example, solutions, syrups, emulsions or suspensions, or they can be presented as a dry product for reconstitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use.
• Such liquid preparations can be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspending agents (e.g., sorbitol syrup, cellulose derivatives or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agents (e.g., lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous vehicles (e.g., almond oil, oily esters, ethyl alcohol or fractionated vegetable oils); and preservatives (e.g., methyl or propyl- p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid).
• the preparations can also contain buffer salts, flavoring, coloring and sweetening agents as appropriate.
• Preparations for oral administration can be suitably formulated to give controlled release of the active compound.
• a suitable propellant e.g., a gas such as carbon dioxide, or a nebulizer.
• Systemic administration can also be transmucosal or transdermal.
• penetrants appropriate to the barrier to be permeated are used in the formulation.
• penetrants are generally known in the art, and include, for example, for transmucosal administration, detergents, bile salts, and fusidic acid derivatives.
• Transmucosal administration may be accomplished through the use of nasal sprays or suppositories.
• the active compounds are formulated into ointments, salves, gels, or creams as generally known in the art.
• the compounds can also be prepared in the form of suppositories (e.g., with conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter and other glycerides) or retention enemas for rectal delivery.
• the active compounds are prepared with carriers that will protect the compound against rapid elimination from the body, such as a controlled release formulation, including implants and microencapsulated delivery systems.
• a controlled release formulation including implants and microencapsulated delivery systems.
• Biodegradable, biocompatible polymers can be used, such as ethylene vinyl acetate, polyanhydrides, polyglycolic acid, collagen, polyorthoesters, and polylactic acid. Methods for preparation of such formulations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The materials can also be obtained commercially.
• Liposomal suspensions (including liposomes targeted to infected cells with monoclonal antibodies to cell-specific antigens) can also be used as pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. These can be prepared according to methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,811, which is incorporated by reference herein.
• Dosage unit form refers to physically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the subject to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical carrier.
• the immunogenic formulations of the invention can be delivered parenterally, i.e., by intravenous (i.v.), subcutaneous (s.c), intraperitoneal (i.p.), intramuscular (i.m.), subdermal (s.d.), or intradermal (i.d.) administration, by direct injection, via, for example, bolus injection, continuous infusion, or gene gun (e.g., to administer a vector vaccine to a subject, such as naked DNA or RNA).
• Formulations for injection can be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative.
• compositions can take such forms as excipients, suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and can contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents.
• the active ingredient can be in powder form for reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.
• the present invention also contemplates various mucosal vaccination strategies.
• Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of such therapeutic compositions may be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the LD50 (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population).
• the dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and it can be expressed as the ratio LD50/ED50.
• Therapeutic compositions which exhibit high therapeutic indices are preferred. While compounds that exhibit toxic side effects can be used, care should be taken to design a delivery system that targets such compounds to the site of affected location to minimize potential damage to uninfected cells and, thereby, reduce side effects.
• Data obtained from cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in humans.
• the dosage of such compounds lies preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED50 with little or no toxicity.
• the dosage can vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized.
• the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially from cell culture assays.
• a dose can be formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating plasma concentration range that includes the IC50 (i.e., the concentration of the test compound which achieves a half-maximal inhibition of symptoms) as determined in cell culture.
• IC50 i.e., the concentration of the test compound which achieves a half-maximal inhibition of symptoms
• levels in plasma may be measured, for example, by high performance liquid chromatography.
• both the antigen and/or the adjuvant or any other relevant components are present in immunogenically effective amounts.
• the optimal immunogenically effective amount should be determined experimentally (taking into consideration specific characteristics of a given patient and/or type of treatment). Generally, this amount is in the range of 0.01 ⁇ g-250 mg of an antigen.
• the immunogenically effective amount can be in the range of 10-250 ⁇ g of the adjuvant.
• a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic composition may range from about 0.001 ⁇ g/kg to about 250 g/kg, 0.01 ⁇ g/kg to 10 g/kg, or 0.1 ⁇ g/kg to 1.0 g/kg or about or at least: 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009; 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09;0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59,
• a therapeutically effective amount of Globo series moiety in the therapeutic composition may range from about 0.001 ⁇ g/kg to about 250 g/kg, 0.01 ⁇ g/kg to 10 g/kg, or 0.1 ⁇ g/kg to 1.0 g/kg or about or at least:
• the immunogenically effective amount of a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprising the vaccine ranges from about 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0, 3.25, 3.5, 3.75, 4.0, 4.25, 4.5, 4.75 to about 5.0 ⁇ g, or any range between any of the numbers listed herein.
• the therapeutic compositions of the invention are administered to a subject in need thereof (e.g., one having a cancer such as breast cancer) in a method that on average extends progression free survival or overall survival over a control placebo, e.g., a phosphate buffered saline placebo, by about or at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 days, weeks, months, or years.
• a control placebo e.g., a phosphate buffered saline placebo
• compositions of the invention was chemically synthesized as the allyl glycoside and then prepared for conjugation with KLH or diphtheria toxin cross-reacting material 197 (DT-CRM 197).
• SSEA-4- H2 preparation Exemplary sample was prepared by adding 10 mg SSEA-4 antigen with 5.0 equiv. ⁇ -nitrophenyl ester in 1.5 ⁇ _, triethylamine ( Et3). After incubating at 30 °C for 1.5 hours, SSEA-4 was quenched in 300 ⁇ _, 1% Acetic Acid. Finally the SSEA-4 antigen was filtrated through 0.22 ⁇ filter and lyophilized in 0.1% Acetic Acid.
• SSEA-4-KLH conjugation The lyophilized SSEA-4- H 2 was dissolved in DMF and mixed with KLH (dissolved in phosphate buffered saline solution, PBS) at pH 8.0. After incubating at room terperature for 16 hours, the SSEA-4-KLH mixture was purified by MAP-TFF system and exchanged the storage buffer from DMF to PBS. [0118] In one illustrative embodiment, the chemical synthesis of SSEA-4-DT involves the following general steps:
• SSEA-4- H2 preparation Exemplary sample was prepared by adding 10 mg SSEA-4 antigen with 5.0 equiv. ⁇ -nitrophenyl ester in 2 ⁇ _, triethylamine ( Et3). After incubating at 30°C for 1.5 hours, SSEA-4 was quenched in 300 ⁇ _, 1% Acetic Acid. Finally the SSEA-4 antigen was filtrated through 0.22 ⁇ filter and lyophilized in 0.1% Acetic Acid
• SSEA-4-DT conjugation The lyophilized SSEA-4- H 2 linker was dissolved in DMF and mixed with diphtheria toxin cross-reacting material 197 (DT-CRM 197) (dissolved in phosphate buffered saline solution, PBS) at pH 9.5. After incubating at room terperature for 20 hours, the SSEA-4-DT mixture was purified by MAP-TFF system and exchanged the storage buffer from DMF to PBS. The summary of SSEA-4-DT and SSEA-4- KLH compositions were shown in Table 3.
• the amine substrates (Globo H-pantyl amine, SSEA-3-pantyl amine, or SSEA-4-pantyl amine), MCCa-OSu and DIPEA were mixed in DMF at ambient temperature.
• the reaction crude was stirred for 2 hours. After reaction completed assessed by TLC, monitoring, the reaction was then cooled, neutralized, and quenched by water. The resulted mixture was then added on a pad of RPC18 gel for purification. After chromatography purification through RPC18 gel, the collected fractions were concentrated by rota-evaporator and high-vacuum system to afford the expected sugar-MCCa compound as white solid. The yield is around 65-80%.
• KLH is chemically modified into a modified-KLH intermediate, and then conjugate to the sugar-MCCa to afford the crude sugar-MCCa-KLH conjugated product in a low oxygen level environment.
• the buffer-exchanged KLH was purged with inert gas. After purging, 2-iminothiolane hydrochloride (2-IT) is added into the KLH under inert gas protection. The reaction was stirred at 18 °C for 35 min. After stirring for 35 min, the reaction crude was quickly loaded onto the prepared G-15 column for column chromatography purification. The collected fractions were sampled and tested by BCA plot and Ellman plot to confirm the product. The pooled protein intermediate modified-KLH was soon sampled for Ellman assay and BCA assay to determine the SH value and protein content. PBS buffer was added into the collected modified KLH to adjust the concentration of protein to about 0.6-1.0 mg/mL.
• the prepared intermediate compound (sugar-MCCa) was dissolved in PBS buffer. This intermediate was sequentially transferred into the modified-KLH bottle. Add PBS buffer solution to rinse the sugar bottle, and then transfer this solution into the conjugation reaction. After mixing, the reaction crude was sampled at first half hour, and the following 1 hour, 1.5 hour, 2 hour, and 3 hour to monitor the #SH value. When the #SH value was lower than 200, the sugar-MCCa-KLH conjugate was stored in a freezer for next operation stage.
• the sugar-MCCa-KLH crude was purified by filtration of TFF system filtration or centrifuge using pH 7.2 PBS for 10 times volume. The filtrate solution was collected, and sampled for HPLC analysis. The purified sugar-MCCa-KLH was temporally stored in freezers for further release tests.
• Example 3 Analysis of Epitope Ratio of exemplary Globo-series antigens (SSEA-4, Globo H and SSEA-3) to KLH in the Glycoconjugate
• the molecular weight of a KLH didecamer (the naturally aggregated form) is approximately 7.5 MDa ⁇ 8.6 MDa.
• the native KLH was confirmed with the molecular weight of approximately 8.6 MDa.
• Figure IB showed the peak area of didecamer was 78.48% and multi-decamer was 20.31%.
• Figure 2B (Globo H-MCCa-KLH glycoconjugate) and Figure 2C (SSEA-3-MCCa-
• Table 4 The summary of Globo series antigens conjugated KLH vaccine was shown as in Table 4.
• Table 4 Batch analysis summary of representative exemplary Globo series antigens conjugated KLH vaccine
• mice Six to eight weeks-old female C57BL/6 mice were obtained from BioLasco and conducted the studies at Level Biotech Inc. and Eurofins Panlabs for single valent, bivalent or tri-valent vaccine potency assay, respectively. At least one day before dosing, animals will be selected into study groups by a randomization process based on body weight and each group contains five mice.
• the Globo series antigens glycoconjugates (Globo H-KLH, SSEA- 3 -KLH, SSEA-4-KLH/DT) and adjuvants (OBI-821 or OBI-834) were subcutaneously (s.c) administrated into both left and right abdominal sites (0.5-5 ⁇ g; 100 ⁇ / ⁇ ) of mice at Day 0, 7, 14, 21 (using 20 ⁇ g OBI-821 adjuvant) or Day 0, 14, 28 (using 40 ⁇ g OBI-834 adjuvant).
• the whole-blood samples will be collected at the following time points during the study (using OBI-821 adjuvant): pre-immune (Day 0, before dosing), Day 10, 17, 24, and 31.
• the blood specimens will be taken via submandibular collection during the study and use cardiac puncture for the last time point Day 43 blood harvest.
• the whole-blood samples will be collected at pre-immune (Day 0, before dosing), Day 21, 28, 38 and 50.
• the blood will be collected without adding anticoagulant and proceed to serum by centrifuged at 1,500 g at 4 °C for 15 minute.
• the resultant serum specimens will be transferred to specimen collection tube and stored at below -60 to -80°C for subsequent potency assay determined by glycan array assay.
• the exemplary testing platform in the present disclosure utilized Agnitio BioIC system (Analyzer BA-G2012, Cat# A12101 and pumping machine (Pumping Machine BA-G2012, Cat# A15101) which performed an automatically ELISA reaction within a microfluidic cartridge.
• Each cartridge contained an array of microfluidic pumps and valves, a channel network, reagent storage reservoirs, a glycan array reaction zone, and a waste storage reservoir.
• All reagent and test sample were pumped sequentially, from their respected reservoirs in to a reaction zone containing the glycan microarray in order to carry out a multiplexed ELISA reaction with chemical luminescence.
• OBI-868 Glycan Chip kit (Agnitio, Cat# MG03-IgG, MM03-IgM) with Glycan chips, Blocking Buffer (Protein-Free Blocking Buffers, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Cat#37571), Conjugate Buffer, Wash Buffer [Phosphate-buffered saline (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Cat#7001 1) plus 0.2% (vol/vol) Tween 20 (J.T. Baker, Cat#JTB-X251-07)], Substrate Buffer (A) and Substrate Buffer (B) [SuperSignal ELISA Femto Maximum
• sample dilution fold 50x, lOOx, 200x, 300x, l,000x and 10,000x. If any of the anti-Globo-series IgG/IgM mean intensity exceeds the highest point of the internal standard curve, prepare 1,000 fold and/or 10,000 fold dilution of the sample.
• Secondary Antibody Solution serial dilutions of the secondary antibody were prepared using the Conjugate Buffer as described below table. Samples were mixed well between each addition/dilution.
• Substrate Preparation For each chip, sample was prepared with aliquot 65 ⁇ _, of both Substrate Buffer (A) and (B), mix well. The mixed Substrates should be freshly prepared before each testing.
• Anti-SSEA-4 IgM levels maintained those levels from Day 10 to Day 43.
• anti-SSEA-4 IgM levels of SSEA-4-DT vaccine were lower than SSEA-4-KLH vaccine.
• anti-SSEA-4 IgG levels of SSEA-4-DT vaccine were lower than SSEA-4-KLH vaccine (shown in Figure 3C and 3D). It indicated that KLH was a better carrier protein than DT which could induce higher antibody response.
• Anti-SSEA-4 IgM levels maintained those levels from Day 21 to Day 50.
• anti-SSEA-4 IgM levels of SSEA-4-DT vaccine were lower than SSEA-4-KLH vaccine.
• anti-SSEA-4 IgG levels of SSEA-4-DT vaccine were lower than SSEA-4-KLH vaccine (shown in Figure 4C and 4D). It indicated that KLH was a better carrier protein than DT which could induce higher antibody response.
• mice treated with SSEA-4-KLH vaccine + OBI-821 adjuvant responded with anti-Globo H ( Figure 5A), anti-SSEA-3 ( Figure 5B) and anti-SSEA-4 ( Figure 5C) IgM levels on Day 10 and maintained those levels from Day 10 to Day 43, respectively.
• mice treated with SSEA-4-KLH vaccine + OBI-821 adjuvant responded with anti-Globo H ( Figure 5D), anti-SSEA-3 ( Figure 5E) and anti-SSEA-4 (Figure 5F) IgG levels on Day 10 and maintained those levels from Day 10 to Day 43, respectively.
• mice treated with tri-valent vaccine + OBI-821 adjuvant responded with anti-Globo H ( Figure 6A) and anti-SSEA-4 ( Figure 6B) IgM levels on Day 10.
• mice treated with tri-valent vaccine + OBI-821 adjuvant responded with anti-Globo H ( Figure 6C) and anti-SSEA-4 ( Figure 6D) IgG levels on Day 10.

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