Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
  • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
  • F16L59/143—Pre-insulated pipes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C44/04—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles consisting of at least two parts of chemically or physically different materials, e.g. having different densities
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
  • B29C44/12—Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/20—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
  • B29D23/00—Producing tubular articles
  • B29D23/001—Pipes; Pipe joints
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
  • B32B1/08—Tubular products
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B15/046—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/065—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of foam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
  • B32B27/306—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl acetate or vinyl alcohol (co)polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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  • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
  • B32B5/20—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material foamed in situ
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
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  • C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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  • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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  • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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  • F16L59/021—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials comprising a single piece or sleeve, e.g. split sleeves; consisting of two half sleeves; comprising more than two segments
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
  • B29K2995/0012—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular thermal properties
  • B29K2995/0015—Insulating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
  • B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
  • B29L2023/225—Insulated
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
  • B32B2266/02—Organic
  • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
  • B32B2266/08—Closed cell foam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
  • B32B2307/304—Insulating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
  • B32B2307/7242—Non-permeable
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B32B2597/00—Tubular articles, e.g. hoses, pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2201/00—Foams characterised by the foaming process
  • C08J2201/02—Foams characterised by the foaming process characterised by mechanical pre- or post-treatments
  • C08J2201/03—Extrusion of the foamable blend
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/06—CO2, N2 or noble gases
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/16—Unsaturated hydrocarbons
  • C08J2203/162—Halogenated unsaturated hydrocarbons, e.g. H2C=CF2
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/18—Binary blends of expanding agents
  • C08J2203/182—Binary blends of expanding agents of physical blowing agents, e.g. acetone and butane
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/20—Ternary blends of expanding agents
  • C08J2203/202—Ternary blends of expanding agents of physical blowing agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
  • C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
  • C08J2205/052—Closed cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are closed
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
  • C08J2323/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
  • C08J2323/06—Polyethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes

Definitions

• the invention relates to pipe systems containing a thermal insulation, in particular thermally insulated medium pipes and thermally insulated cover devices or sleeves for the connection of pipes with improved heat ⁇ insulation.
• the invention further relates to methods for the production of such devices and the use of polymer foams which contain hydrofluoroolefins (HFO) in such devices and for the production of such devices.
• HFO hydrofluoroolefins
• the invention relates to the use of HFO as cell gas in thermal insulation.
• Pipe systems containing a thermal insulation also known as pre-insulated pipe systems, or thermally insulated pipe systems are known and proven.
• Such pipe systems umfas ⁇ sen flexible or rigid carrier pipes which are surrounded by a Wär ⁇ medämmung, which is in turn surrounded by a jacket, and optionally sleeves and / or Abdeckungsvor- directions.
• these pre-insulated pipe systems are referred to as a plastic medium pipe system (PMR) or a plastic jacket pipe system (KMR).
• PMR plastic medium pipe system
• KMR plastic jacket pipe system
• the medium pipes used have a certain flexibility, so that the entire composite can be wound on drums with a certain amount of force. This is why we also speak of flexible pipe systems.
• thermally insulated medium pipes or pipes with one or more thermal insulation layers are known; as well as their production.
• EP0897788 and EP2213440 disclose processes for the continuous production of thermally insulated medium pipes.
• EP2248648 a method for the production of individual, rigid pipe sections is known.
• the composition of the cellular gases changes in the case of the foam which is generally used as insulating material (eg polyuretahane, PU).
• metallic layers can be used.
• metallic layers not only the gas exchange is completely prevented, which is desirable, but it is also water vapor completely prevented from diffusion. This is particularly problematic when using medium pipes made of plastic, as it typically flows through them as a medium, which is why migrated through the walls consistently one, albeit only a small amount of water vapor.
• This water vapor must have the ability to escape to the outside or to be in balance with the environment, otherwise accumulates in the course of time water in the thermal insulation of the thermally insulated pipe, whereby the thermal conductivity increases significantly and there is a risk that the thermal insulation permanently damages.
• barrier layers layers consisting of one or more polymeric materials may be used.
• EP1355103 describes thermally insulated conduits which have a barrier layer of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), polyamide (PA) or polyvinylidene dichloride (PVDC). contain.
• EVOH ethylene vinyl alcohol
• PA polyamide
• PVDC polyvinylidene dichloride
• EP2340929 a Kunststoffman ⁇ telrohr whose outer shell is formed as multi-layer tube and a gas permeation barrier layer in its interior ( "barrier") has.
• the NEN tubes bethene- in these documents are difficult to manufacture and / or have an insufficient insulation capability.
• From CH710709 (post-published) and O2004 / 003423 are known pipes with ther ⁇ mischer insulation and a polymeric barrier layer, these polymers contain polyketones or EVOH.
• moldings and connectors are used.
• covering shells are used as molded parts, as described in WO2008 / 019791.
• it can be used as connectors sleeves, especially in the connection of rigid Roh ⁇ Ren. Even with such moldings and connectors, the problems mentioned.
• Fig. 1 shows schematically the structure of a conduit according to the invention (1) in cross section.
• outer jacket (2) shows schematically the construction of a preferred embodiment of the outer jacket (2).
• (7) is the outer polymer layer (esp. Thermoplastic); (8) an outer primer layer, (9) the barrier layer; (10) an inner adhesion promoter layer and (11) the inner polymer layer (especially thermoplastic).
• FIG. 3 shows a graph of the dependence of the value of the thermal conductivity (abscissa in the unit mW / m * K) of a PU foam measured at 50 ° C. as a function of the composition of the cell gas (ordinate in the unit vol%) ,
• the squares represent cyclopentane, the circles CO2, the triangles HFO.
• Fig. 4 shows a graph of average pore size ⁇ union (abscissa in units of microns) of a polyurethane foam as a function of the cell gas composition (Or ⁇ dinate in the unit of% by volume).
• the squares represent cyclopentane, the circles CO2, the triangles HFO.
• Fig. 5 shows a plot of viscosity (abscissa in the unit mP * sec) of a polyol having various ⁇ which contents (the ordinate in units of% by weight) of cyclopentane or HFO 1233zd.
• the squares represent cyclo ⁇ pentane, the triangles HFO.
• the invention thus relates to a pipe system containing a thermal insulation (also called pre-insulated pipe system or thermally insulated pipe system) in which said thermal insulation comprises a foam whose cell gas contains hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs).
• thermal insulation also called pre-insulated pipe system or thermally insulated pipe system
• said thermal insulation comprises a foam whose cell gas contains hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs).
• HFOs hydrofluoroolefins
• the invention relates to a thermally insulated conduit (1) comprising at least one medium pipe (4), at least one thermal insulation (3) arranged around the medium pipe and at least one outer jacket (2) arranged around the thermal insulation, characterized that said outer shell (2) given ⁇ if a barrier (9) made of plastic, and that said thermal insulation (3) comprises a foam whose cell gas contains the components defined below.
• the invention in a second embodiment, relates to a covering device made of plastic, in particular for the joints of at least two pipe pieces which are connected there, wherein the covering device at least one thermal insulation (3) and at least one around the Thermal insulation disposed around outer sheath (2), characterized in that said outer sheath (2) ge ⁇ possibly comprises a barrier made of plastic, and that said thermal insulation (3) comprises a foam whose cell gas contains the components defined below.
• the invention in another embodiment, relates to a sleeve made of plastic for the connection of thermally ge ⁇ -insulated line pipe, the sleeve having at least one thermal insulation (3) and at least one arranged around the thermal insulation around the outer casing (2), characterized labeled in ⁇ characterized in that said outer casing (2) optionally comprises a barrier made of plastic, and in that said Wär ⁇ medämmung (3) comprises a foam, the cell gas comprises the components defined below.
• Thermal insulation (3) The thermal insulation encloses the medium ⁇ pipe partially or completely, preferably completely.
• thermal insulation in particular foamed plastics ( "foams") are adapted to contain in your cells a cell gas.
• the thermal insulation may be homogeneous along its cross-section or be composed of several layers. Typi ⁇ cally constructed in thermal insulation pipes homogeneous.
• Cell gases are the gases present in the thermal insulation. These are a consequence of the production and are composed of chemical and physi ⁇ cal propellants, or their reaction products. Ty ⁇ pisch legally be such cell gases during Häumpro ⁇ zesses added, or they are formed during the Schwarzumprozes- ses.
• the cell gas in the foam of the thermal insulation is characterized in that it contains hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs).
• HFOs hydrofluoroolefins
• the cell gas can only consist of one or more HFOs and possibly also contain other components.
• the cell gas contains 10-100 vol% HFOs, preferably 20-100 vol% HFOs, more preferably 30-100 vol% HFOs, more preferably 40-100 vol% HFOs, most preferably 50-100 vol% HFOs. Accordingly, the cell gas may contain other components.
• the cell gas contains 0-50 vol% (cyclo) alkanes, preferably 0-45 vol% (cyclo) alkanes, more preferably 0-40 vol% (cyclo) alkanes, most preferably 0-35 vol% ( Cyclo) alkanes.
• the ratio of HFOs to (cyclo) alkanes is preferably at least 2.5: 1, preferably at least 3: 1.
• the cell gas comprises zusharm ⁇ Lich or alternatively up to 50 vol% CO2, Favor 0-40 vol% C02, particularly preferably 0-30% C02.
• the cell gas additionally or alternatively contains up to 5% by volume of nitrogen (N 2 ) and / or oxygen (O 2 ).
• blowing agent such as the said (cyclo) alkanes
• they can arise during the production of the foam, such as CO 2 ; they can get into the foam during the production process, such as air, O2, N 2 .
• Cyclopentane acts as a plasticizer of the PU foam.
• a 1.86 times increased amount leads to its distinctive softening. This is not desirable on the one hand, because the foam plays a major role, that is indispensable for the mechanical stability of the entire composite. On the other hand, this is undesirable because the increasing softness of the foam in the manufacturing process leads to the fact that the entire tube composite deviates more and more from the ideal round cross-sectional geometry.
• Cyclopen ⁇ tan is added to the starting material to reduce its viscosity; Ma ⁇ ximalmenge is however limited by the fact that the foam produced has to have sufficient mechanical strength.
• the outer shell is usually applied by extrusion ⁇ and is at this time because of the high temperature of typically 80 - 250 ° C in a state in which it can be easily deformed.
• the bubbles are then visible on the outside of the insulated tube, because the leaking blowing agent inflates the outer shell.
• the escape of the blowing agent is promoted by the temperature of the extruded outer jacket. Pipes with such defects are to be regarded as waste and can no longer be used for the purpose.
• the formation of bubbles is prevented when the content of the cyclopentane in the cell gas composition of the resulting insulating foam is 0-50% by volume, preferably 0-45% by volume, more preferably 0-40% by volume, most preferably 0-35% by volume.
• Hydroolefins are known and commercially available or can be prepared by known methods. These are suitable as a propellant, in particular because of its low greenhouse ⁇ potentials (Global Warming Potential, GWP) and because of their deleterious to the ozone layer of the atmosphere (Ozone Depleting Potential, ODP).
• the term includes both compounds which take only carbon, hydrogen and fluorine by ⁇ , and those compounds which additionally contain chlorine (referred to as HFCO) and in each case contain at least one unsaturated bond in the molecule.
• HFOs can be present as a mixture of different components or as a pure component. HFOs can also be present as isomeric mixtures, in particular E / Z isomers, or as isomerically pure compounds.
• HFOs which are particularly suitable for the purposes of the present invention are selected from the group comprising compounds of the formula (I) (I)
• R 5 is H, F, Cl, CF 3 is preferably Cl, CF 3
• R 6 is H, F, Cl, CF 3 , preferably H.
• Particularly suitable HFOs are R133zd (eg Solstice LBA, Honeywell) and R1336mzz (eg Formacel 1100, DuPont).
• the pipes described here have an improved insulation behavior when the cell gases of the insulation contain at least 10% by volume, preferably at least 30% by volume, more preferably at least 50% by volume HFO. It has also been found that the addition of such HFOs to the starting materials of foam insulation results in improved manufacturability.
• (Cyclo) -alkanes are known as cell gas insulation in thermally insulated pipes.
• said alkane or cycloalkane is selected from the group comprising propane, butanes, pentanes, cyclopentane, hexanes, cyclohexane.
• (cyclo) alkane By the combination of (cyclo) alkane with HFO, a fine adjustment of the product properties can take place, and / or the manufacturability can be improved and / or a cost reduction can be made with justifiable quality losses.
• the stated (cyclo) alkanes may be present as pure compound or as mixtures; the aliphatic alkanes can be present as isomerically pure compounds or as isomer mixtures.
• a particularly suitable (cyclo) alkane is cyclopentane.
• Carbon Dioxide If the foam is formed from PU or polyisocyanurate (PIR), it typically produces some CO2, as the technical grade polyol normally contains a small amount of water.
• the C02 content of the cell gas is thus linked to the purity of the starting materials and is typically below 50 vol.%. If the starting materials are anhydrous, for example, when polyolefins are foamed, the CO 2 content of the cell gas is 0 vol%. The C02 content of the cell gas can thus be influenced by the choice of starting materials (or their purity).
• Production-related components can enter the cell gas from the atmosphere / ambient air. These are essentially N2 and / or O2, for example air. The content of these cell gases is typically below 5 vol.%. If the production plant is specially designed, the contact with the atmosphere / ambient air can be avoided and the content of other cell gases is at 0 vol%.
• Foam f The said thermal insulation (3) comprises (ie contains or consists of) a foam. Foams of this kind are known per se, and particularly suitable are foams which comply with the standards DIN EN 253: 2015-12 (in particular for KMR) and EN15632-1: 2009 / A1: 2014, EN15632-2: 2010 / Al: 2014 and EN15632- 3: 2010 / Al: 2014 (especially for PMR).
• Foams may be closed-cell or open-celled, preferably closed-cell, in particular as set out in the standard DIN EN 253: 2015-12.
• foam ⁇ materials are preferably selected from the group of polyurethanes (PU), the polyisocyanurate (PIR), the thermoplastic polyesters (particularly PET), thermoplastic polyolefins (in particular, PE and PP).
• PE containing 50-100 vol% R1336mzz and 0-50 vol% Cp.
• the said cell gases complement each other to 100 vol%.
• these cell glasses complement each other together with CO2 and air to 100%.
• the ratio of HFO: Cp is at least 2.5: 1.
• the said cell gases complement each other to 100 vol%. In a further embodiment, these cell glasses complement each other with air to 100%. In another embodiment, the ratio of HFO: Cp is at least 3: 1. In a further embodiment, the thermal insulation consists of said foams and said cell gases.
• Barrier (9) Diffusion barriers are known per se in the area of line pipes / pipe systems. If there is a barrier, this barrier is formed as a layer. It is preferred that at least one barrier (9) be present as described below. It is particularly preferred that a barrier (9) is present as described below. This layer (9) makes it possible to reduce the diffusion of cell gases out of the thermal insulation and of gases outside the conduit (in particular air) into the thermal insulation. This property is important to ensure the isolation capability of the conduit / raw system for a long time.
• this layer also makes it possible to allow the diffusion of water out of the thermal insulation. This property is particularly important for piping / pipe systems whose Medium pipe (4) made of plastic. If an aqueous medium is transported in such conduits / pipe systems, water from the medium can pass through the conduit into the insulation and thus reduce the insulating capacity and damage the insulating material.
• This layer also allows, in an advantageous embodiment, a certain permeability to CO2 is given.
• a particularly suitable value for the CO2 permeability is in the range of 0.5 - 100 cm 3 / m 2 * day * bar.
• the barrier may be present in a single layer or in a plurality of separate layers. Furthermore, the barrier can be attached by means of an additional layer to the insulation or the outer jacket or in the outer jacket ("primer layer” (8), (10)).
• the barrier (9) can be arranged as a layer in the outer shell (2); This is preferred, in particular this embodiment is preferably set out with two adhesion promoter layers (8, 10) adjoining the barrier (9), as shown in FIG. 2.
• the barrier may be arranged as a layer on the outside and / or the inside of the outer shell. Furthermore, the barrier can be formed by the outer jacket. Furthermore, the barrier (9) can be arranged as a layer between the thermal insulation (3) and the outer casing (2). In This embodiment typically eliminates the adhesive layer.
• the barrier layer (9) has a layer thickness of 0.05-0.5 mm, preferably 0.1-0.3 mm. If the barrier forms the outer jacket, the barrier advantageously has a layer thickness of 0.5-5 mm. If present, the adhesion promoter layers (8, 10) independently of one another advantageously have a layer thickness of 0.02-0.2 mm.
• the barrier comprises a co-polymer of ethylene with carbon monoxide or with vinyl alcohol.
• the barrier comprises a polymer which contains polyketones or consists of polyketones.
• the polymer layer comprises polyketones and blends of polyketones and laminates containing polyketones.
• the polymer has at least 50 to 100% by weight, preferably 80 to 100% by weight, structural units of formula (II) or formula (III).
• o 1 or 2, preferably 1,
• p is 1 or 2, preferably 1,
• Polyketones are available by catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide with the corresponding alkenes, such as propene and / or ethene. Such ketones are also referred to as aliphati ⁇ cal ketones. These polymers are commercially available, for example, as polyketone copolymer (formula II) or polyketone terpolymer (formula III) from. Hyosung. Such Polyketones are also commercially available under the trade name Akrotek® PK.
• Suitable polymers have a melting temperature of over 200 ° C (measured with DSC 10 K / min according to IS011357-1 / 3) and / or have a low water absorption of less than 3%, measured according to DIN EN ISO 62 (saturation in water at 23 ° C).
• the barrier comprises a polymer which contains ethyl vinyl alcohol or consists of ethyl vinyl alcohol.
• the polymer comprises from 50 to 100% by weight, preferably from 80 to 100% by weight, of structural units of the formula (IV).
• n 2-20.
• Ge jewete ethyl vinyl alcohols are in particular random copolymers in which the ratio m / n is 30/100 to 50/100. These polymers are commercially available, for example as an EVAL FP series or EP series from Kuraray. These are characterized by good processability, in particular they can be very well together with the normally used jacket material polyethylene (PE) by coextrusion process because their melt viscosities and melting temperatures are in a similar range.
• PE jacket material polyethylene
• Medium pipe (4) In principle, all medium pipes suitable for thermally insulated pipes can be used. Accordingly, the medium pipe may be formed as a corrugated tube, a smooth tube or a tube with a corrugated jacket; it may be a rigid and straight pipe section, a rigid bent pipe section or a flexible pipe section.
• the medium pipe may consist of polymeric materials or metallic materials, preferably of polymeric materials. Such materials are known per se and are commercially available or prepared by known processes. The materials are selected by the skilled person according to the purpose of use, if necessary after routine tests.
• said medium pipe (4) is a flexible plastic tube
• the plastic is selected from the group acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), crosslinked Po ⁇ lyethylen (PEXa, PEXb, PEXc), PE, polybutene (PB), polyethylene Raised Temperature (PE-RT), and polyketone (PK).
• ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
• PEXa, PEXb, PEXc crosslinked Po ⁇ lyethylen
• PE polybutene
• PE-RT polyethylene Raised Temperature
• PK polyketone
• said medium pipe (4) is a flexible plastic pipe with an outer metal ⁇ layer, the plastic selected from the group ABS, PEXa, PEXb, PEXc, PE, PB, PE-RT and PK, the metal selected from the group Aluminum including its alloys.
• Such inner tubes are also known as composite pipes.
• said medium pipe (4) is a rigid plastic pipe, the plastic selected from the group ABS, PEXa, PEXb, PEXc, PE, PB, PE-RT and PK.
• said medium pipe (4) is a flexible metal pipe, the metal selected from the group consisting of copper including its alloys, iron including its alloys (such as stainless steels), aluminum including its alloys.
• said medium pipe (4) is a rigid metal pipe, the metal selected from the group consisting of copper including its alloys, iron including its alloys (such as stainless steels), aluminum including its alloys.
• the already mentioned barrier made of plastic can be arranged on the outside of the inner pipe or it can be formed by the medium pipe itself.
• Outer jacket (2) In principle, all outer jackets suitable for thermally insulated pipes can be used. Accordingly, the outer sheath may be formed as a corrugated tube or smooth tube or as such with a corrugated sheath. It can be a rigid and straight pipe section, a rigid bent pipe section or a flexible pipe section.
• the outer jacket may be made of polymeric materials or metallic materials, preferably of polymeric materials. Such materials are known per se and are commercially available or prepared by known methods. The materials are selected by the skilled person according to the purpose of use, if necessary after routine tests. Thermoplastic polymers, such as commercial PE grades, are advantageously used. High density PE (HDPE), low density PE (LDPE), linear low density PE (LLDPE) are suitable.
• the layer thickness of the outer sheath (2) can vary within wide ranges, but is typically at 0.5 - 20 mm, including the possibly present barrier and barrier layers.
• the outer jacket contains the barrier described here, as described above. This embodiment is advantageous because coextrusion of the sheath and barrier can be generated simultaneously and thus cost-effectively.
• the outer shell does not contain the barrier described here, as described above.
• the barrier is present as a separate layer. This embodiment is advantageous because sheath and barrier can be created separately and thus flexible.
• the invention relates to a conduit as described herein, in which said outer shell (2) is formed as a corrugated tube; and said medium pipe is formed as a flexible pipe piece and in particular comprises at least one medium pipe on the basis of polyethylene and a heat insulation based on PU and a participatmnatel based on polyethylene.
• the invention relates to a conduit pipe as described herein, in which said conduit is a rigid straight pipe section, and in particular at least one polyethylene or steel based service pipe and Pü based heat insulation and an outer shell on the base of polyethylene.
• the invention relates to a conduit as described herein, in which said outer shell (2) is formed as a corrugated pipe.
• a medium pipe which is designed as a flexible pipe section and in particular at least one medium pipe on the basis of polyethylene or crosslinked Polyethylene comprises.
• a thermal insulation (3) which comprises a foam whose cell gas has the abovementioned composition (the cell gas particularly preferably contains at most 35% (cyclo) alkanes).
• the invention in a second aspect, relates to methods for producing thermally insulated conduits, sleeves and cover devices as described herein.
• the invention is accordingly based on the object to provide improved method for producing a conduit, sleeve or cover device, which can be performed both continuously and discontinuously. This aspect of the invention will be explained in more detail below.
• the thermally iso ⁇ profiled devices described herein (first aspect of the invention, see.)
• the known method can be produced. Since at ⁇ are the known blowing agents (blowing agents, for example. Cyclopentane, CO 2) partially or by the methods described here HFOs ⁇ completely replaced.
• blowing agents for example. Cyclopentane, CO 2
• plants known per se can be used for the production, if necessary after adaptation to new parameters, as can be carried out by the person skilled in his routine work.
• EP0897788 and EP2213440, and EP2248648 and WO2008 / 019791 and EP1355103 and EP2340929 be ⁇ described methods are hereby taken listed by reference.
• the thermal insulation (3) is formed by foaming a KunststoffZu ⁇ composition, which contains polymer components for foam formation and HFO as a blowing agent.
• the HFO can either be added to one of the components. are dosed and then processed or the Ausganskomponenten and the HFO are combined simultaneously in a metering device (eg, the mixing head).
• the plastic composition comprises two liquid components, the first component containing a polyol and HFO and the second component containing isocyanate.
• the isocyanate component is preferably those based on methylene diisocyanate.
• the plastic composition comprises two liquid components, wherein the first component contains a polyol and the second component contains isocyanate and HFO.
• HFO components are preferred which have good miscibility with the two liquid components and whose boiling point is not too low (in particular ⁇ not lower than 10 ° C).
• the plastic composition consists of a molten component and this melt is combined with HFO under pressure.
• thermoly insulated pipe of this invention comprises one or more flexible medium pipe (s) and the outer casing (13) has a barrier made of plastic, a method variant is advantageous in which
• foamable plastic composition contains the polymer component (s) for foam formation and HFO as blowing agent.
• HFO blowing agent
• the barrier is introduced between the foamed thermal barrier coating and the inside of the outer jacket by forming the tube from the polymer;
• the barrier is applied by co-extrusion together with the outer shell;
• the barrier can be applied directly to the hose;
• a layer of the outer jacket, followed by the barrier and followed by at least a second layer of the outer jacket are applied.
• step a the inner tube
• thermoly insulated pipe of this invention comprises one or more rigid medium pipe (s) and the outer shell (2) with plastic barrier, a method variant is advantageous in which
• a foamable plastic composition is introduced as a thermal barrier coating, characterized in that the foamable plastic composition contains the polymer components for foam formation and HFO as blowing agent.
• said HFO can be mixed in a mixing head with the two liquid components, or said HFO is vorgänig mixed with one of the two components and then fed to a mixing head.
• the barrier between the foamed thermal barrier coating and the outside of the outer jacket is introduced in the form of a hose;
• the barrier be applied to the inside of the outer tube
• the barrier be provided in the outer tube
• the barrier be applied to the outside of the outer tube.
• thermoplastic foam that is, for example.
• a method variant is advantageous in which the HFO is pressed directly into the molten polymer matrix and subsequently by expansion for foaming of the thermoplastic used. This can be done, for example, by melting a polymer mixture in the extruder and feeding HFO under pressure into this melt. When leaving the tool, the existing blowing agent leads to foaming.
• the invention relates to new uses of HFOs.
• the invention relates Ver ⁇ application of Hydrofluorolefinen as cell gas of the foam insulation in a thermally insulated pipe systems, in particular in plastic medium pipe systems (PMR) and plastic jacket pipe systems (KMR).
• PMR plastic medium pipe systems
• KMR plastic jacket pipe systems
• HFOs can be used as cell gas in foams of ducts, cover devices and sleeves, in particular of conduits, cover devices and sleeves as described herein (first aspect).
• first aspect the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following examples; these are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
• Example 1 Production of a pipe according to the invention
• the isocyanate component was Kom ⁇ thereby easily inserted lean of stoichiometry relative to the reactive OH groups.
• the two components were mixed intensively before being metered in a high-pressure mixing head with a pressure of 150 bar. In turn, the corresponding amount of HFO / cyclopentane was stirred into the polyol component.
• the tubular film was welded at the upper end.
• the immediately thereafter entste ⁇ rising polyurethane foam was cylindrical in shape by a baking Geometry forced and after curing, a shell of PE was continuously extruded.
• the obtained tubes were analyzed for the cell gases contained in the foam. For this purpose, small samples of about 3 cm 3 size were punched out of the foam and mechanically destroyed in a closed system, so that the cell gases could get into the measuring appartur. The available gases were determined qualitatively and quantitatively in a gas chromatograph.
• Example 3 Pore size in PU foams
• sample No 3 has a flash point which is significantly higher than the comparative sample No 2, which contains an equiva- lum content of cyclopentane.
• sample No 3 should not be classified as flammable according to Regulation (EC) 440/2008.
• Example 5 Bubble Formation as a Function of the Blowing Agent General: In accordance with Example 1, thermally insulated conduits with different cell gas compositions were produced.
• Example 5.1 (comparative experiment): A quantity of cyclopentane (Cp) was metered into the polyol component with the aid of a static mixer, so that a content of 7% by weight was determined based on the amount of polyol. On the surface of the tube thus produced twelve blisters were counted over a length of 30 cm, which had a diameter greater than 10 mm and were easy to recognize even without further aids.
• Cp cyclopentane
• Example 5.2 An amount of 2% by weight of cyclopentane and 11% by weight of HFO 1233zd is added to the polyol. On the surface of the tube thus produced no bubbles were detected on a produced length of 400 m.
• Example 5.3 In the polyol, an amount of 15% by weight HFO 1233zd added. On the surface of the tube thus produced no bubbles were detected on a produced length of 350 m. Results of Examples 5.1-5.3: The composition of the cell gases thus obtained was determined by GC as in Example 1, and the obtained tube was visually inspected.

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