WO2017170899A1 - 窒化珪素質焼結体及び切削インサート - Google Patents
窒化珪素質焼結体及び切削インサート Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a silicon nitride sintered body including silicon nitride particles that are silicon nitride particles or sialon particles, and a cutting insert including the silicon nitride sintered body.
- a cutting insert for processing ordinary cast iron, ductile cast iron, heat-resistant alloy, etc. for example, those using a silicon nitride sintered body containing silicon nitride particles or sialon particles are known.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of a high-toughness silicon nitride-based sintered body that defines the existence ratio of high aspect ratio particles for silicon nitride needle-like crystal particles.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique of a silicon nitride sintered body that focuses on acicular crystal particles of silicon nitride and defines an aspect ratio and a long diameter to achieve high strength.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a silicon nitride sintered body for a cutting tool in which needle crystal grains of silicon nitride have an average minor axis of 1 ⁇ m or less and an average aspect ratio of 3 or more to achieve cutting tool performance. The technology is disclosed.
- Patent Document 4 listed below discloses a technique of a silicon nitride-based tool in which fracture toughness is improved by defining an average maximum diameter, an average minor axis diameter, and an aspect ratio in particles of a silicon nitride-based sintered body. .
- fracture toughness and the like are improved by controlling the structure of the average particle size and maximum particle size of silicon nitride particles, but further improvement is desired.
- improvement of fracture resistance is desired, but conventional techniques may not always be sufficient. is there.
- the silicon nitride sintered body in one aspect of the present disclosure relates to a silicon nitride sintered body including silicon nitride particles that are silicon nitride particles or sialon particles.
- This silicon nitride sintered body has a maximum particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less among all silicon nitride particles when the size of each silicon nitride particle is indicated by the maximum particle size (that is, the maximum particle size).
- the ratio of the number of silicon nitride particles is 70% by number or more.
- the silicon nitride sintered body has a maximum number% (that is, maximum number%) which is the maximum value of the number% of silicon nitride particles in the distribution of the number% of silicon nitride particles with respect to the maximum particle size. It is 15% by number or more.
- the content defined in this one aspect may be referred to as condition 1)
- the number% represents the ratio of the number in the target range in% with respect to the number of all silicon nitride particles (the same applies hereinafter).
- the number% with the maximum particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less is 70% by number or more, and the maximum number% is 15% by number or more. Therefore, the atomization and uniform grain organization of the silicon nitride particles serving as the matrix are improved, and the size of the binder phase between fine particles (that is, the region occupied by the binder phase between the silicon nitride particles) is reduced. Therefore, as will be apparent from the experimental examples described later, the strength of the silicon nitride sintered body is increased and the fracture resistance is improved.
- the ratio of the number of silicon nitride particles having a maximum particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less may be 85% by number or more.
- the number% with a maximum particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less is 85 number% or more, so that the strength of the silicon nitride sintered body is further increased, as will be apparent from the experimental examples described later.
- the fracture resistance is further improved.
- the maximum particle size is divided into each range for each predetermined dimension, and the ratio of the number of silicon nitride particles in each range to the number of all silicon nitride particles, It is good also as number%.
- the range of the predetermined dimension that is, the width of the dimension
- the narrower the width the more accurate the distribution of the maximum particle diameter can be obtained.
- a median value of ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m that is, a width of 0.1 ⁇ m
- a silicon nitride-based sintered body according to another aspect of the present disclosure relates to a silicon nitride-based sintered body including silicon nitride particles that are silicon nitride particles or sialon particles.
- the size of each silicon nitride particle is indicated by the maximum particle size (that is, the maximum particle size), and the maximum particle size is divided into ranges for each predetermined dimension.
- the ratio of the number of silicon nitride particles in each range to the number of silicon nitride particles is number%.
- a specific range that is a plurality of ranges that are equal to or higher than the threshold value is set. Further, in this specific range, the range with the smallest maximum particle size is set as the minimum range, and the range with the largest maximum particle size is set as the maximum range.
- the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the minimum range and the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the maximum range are in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- condition 2 the contents specified in other aspects may be referred to as condition 2.
- the atomization and uniform grain organization of the silicon nitride particles serving as the matrix are improved, and the size of the bonding phase between the fine particles is reduced. Therefore, as will be apparent from the experimental examples described later, the strength of the silicon nitride sintered body is increased and the fracture resistance is improved.
- the configuration shown in the column (4) may be combined with the configuration shown in the column (1) or (2). Further, as the range for each predetermined dimension, a range similar to the configuration shown in the column (3) can be adopted.
- the aspect ratio of silicon nitride particles having a maximum particle size of 7 ⁇ m or more may be 2 or more.
- the diffusion effect of crack propagation that is, the effect of suppressing the linear growth of cracks: diffraction) Effect
- fracture toughness is improved and fracture resistance is improved.
- silicon nitride sintered body silicon nitride is 80% by mass or more, one or more of yttrium or rare earth element is 0.1 to 10% by mass in terms of oxide, and magnesium is 0.2% in terms of MgO. It may be contained up to 6% by mass.
- silicon nitride sintered body the composition of the silicon nitride sintered body is illustrated.
- silicon nitride is 90% by mass or more, one or more of yttrium or rare earth elements is 0.3 to 4.5% by mass in terms of oxide, and magnesium is 0 in terms of MgO. It may be contained in an amount of 2 to 3% by mass.
- silicon nitride sintered body the composition of the silicon nitride sintered body is illustrated.
- the above-mentioned silicon nitride sintered body contains sialon, contains 1 to 10% by mass of one or more yttrium or rare earth elements in terms of oxide, and 3 to 30% by mass of aluminum in terms of Al 2 O 3 May be.
- the above-mentioned silicon nitride sintered body contains sialon, contains 1 to 7 mass% of yttrium or rare earth element in terms of oxide, and contains 5 to 25 mass% of aluminum in terms of Al 2 O 3 May be.
- a cutting insert according to still another aspect of the present disclosure is a cutting insert configured from any of the silicon nitride-based sintered bodies described above.
- the cutting insert having such a configuration has high fracture resistance as is apparent from experimental examples described later.
- this cutting insert by using the silicon nitride sintered body having the above-described configuration, for example, when processing of normal cast iron, ductile cast iron, and heat-resistant alloy, there is an effect of high fracture resistance. Therefore, there is a remarkable effect that high-efficiency machining by high feed and long life in machining difficult-to-cut materials are possible.
- the silicon nitride sintered body containing silicon nitride particles that are silicon nitride particles or sialon particles may be configured as follows.
- the size of each silicon nitride particle is indicated by the maximum particle size, and the maximum particle size is divided into ranges for each predetermined dimension, and nitriding in each range with respect to the number of all silicon nitride particles.
- the ratio of the number of silicon particles is defined as number%.
- 10% with respect to the maximum number%, which is the maximum value of the number% of silicon nitride particles, is set as a threshold value, and a specific range that is a plurality of ranges that are equal to or higher than the threshold value is set. Further, in the specific range, a range having the smallest maximum particle size is set as the minimum range, and a range having the largest maximum particle size is set as the maximum range.
- the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the minimum range and the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the maximum range may be in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 2.0 ⁇ m. This configuration also increases the strength of the silicon nitride sintered body and improves the fracture resistance.
- Silicon nitride particles are particles whose main component is silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ), and sialon particles are particles whose main component is sialon.
- the main component indicates that silicon nitride particles or sialon particles contain silicon nitride or sialon in a range exceeding 50% by volume, respectively. Silicon nitride or sialon may be included in a range exceeding 80% by volume.
- sialon is a substance in which Al and O are dissolved in silicon nitride.
- the silicon nitride particles may be particles composed of silicon nitride (however, inevitable impurities may be included).
- the sialon particles may be particles composed of sialon (however, inevitable impurities may be included).
- the silicon nitride-based sintered body is a sintered body containing silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) or sialon as a main component (including in a range exceeding 50% by volume). In this silicon nitride sintered body, silicon nitride particles occupy a range exceeding 50% by volume.
- the maximum particle size indicates the maximum length (size) of the silicon nitride particles (outer diameter).
- the maximum particle size means the maximum dimension obtained from an image obtained by etching a sintered mirror-polished body and observing it with a scanning electron microscope (that is, SEM observation).
- rare earth element La, Ce, Sm, Er, Yb etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the cutting insert 1 of 1st Embodiment has the shape of SNGN120408T02020 by the ISO standard.
- the cutting insert 1 is composed of a silicon nitride-based sintered body 5 including a large number of silicon nitride particles 3 (see FIG. 2).
- the silicon nitride sintered body 5 is substantially composed of silicon nitride particles 3 (for example, 80% by volume or more).
- the maximum particle size (X: see FIG. 2) which is the maximum particle size (that is, the maximum major axis) in each silicon nitride particle 3. ) Is 1 ⁇ m or less, the ratio of the number (that is, number%) is 70 number% or more. For example, the number% having a maximum particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less is 85 number% or more. In addition, in the distribution of the number% of silicon nitride particles with respect to the maximum particle diameter, the maximum value (that is, the maximum number%) of the number% of the silicon nitride particles 3 is 15 number% or more.
- the maximum particle size corresponding to the maximum number% exists in the range where the maximum particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less. In the first embodiment, the following condition 2 is satisfied.
- the maximum particle size is divided into each range for each predetermined dimension, and the ratio of the number of silicon nitride particles in each range to the number of all silicon nitride particles is a number%, and the silicon nitride material
- a specific range which is a plurality of ranges having a number% equal to or greater than the threshold is set with 5% of the maximum number% being the maximum value of the number% of particles as a threshold.
- a range having the smallest maximum particle size is set as the minimum range, and a range having the largest maximum particle size is set as the maximum range.
- the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the minimum range and the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the maximum range are in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the maximum particle size corresponding to the maximum number% exists within the specific range of 5% or more.
- the median is the case where the maximum particle size is divided into ranges for each predetermined dimension, and the ratio of the number of silicon nitride particles 3 in each range to the number of all silicon nitride particles 3 is set to number%. , The median value in each range.
- the aspect ratio is “the maximum major axis / the length perpendicular to the maximum major axis” of the silicon nitride particles 3, as shown in FIG.
- the maximum major axis is the maximum particle diameter X in FIG. 2, and the length orthogonal to the maximum major axis is the minimum minor axis Y in FIG.
- the maximum particle size is divided into respective ranges for each predetermined dimension (for example, median value ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ m), and the number of all silicon nitride particles 3
- the ratio of the number of silicon nitride particles 3 in each range to the number% is, for example, the size distribution of the silicon nitride particles 3 is as shown in FIG.
- the distribution of the size of the silicon nitride particles 3 is actually a histogram showing the number% for each predetermined dimension.
- the vertex of the median value of each range that is, the number% value
- the size distribution of the silicon nitride particles 3 is schematically shown so as to be connected to.
- the width for each predetermined dimension means the bin width in the histogram.
- the number% which is the ratio (that is, the frequency) of the number of particles having the maximum particle diameter X
- Number of particles of maximum particle size X% (number of particles of maximum particle size X / total number of particles) ⁇ 100 (1)
- the “number of particles of the maximum particle size X” is “particles of the maximum particle size X” included in the predetermined size (width). "Number”.
- the number% where the maximum particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less is 70 number% or more indicates that the sum of the number% in the shaded area (A) in FIG. 4 is 70% or more, for example.
- the number% where the maximum particle size is 1 ⁇ m or less is 85 number% or more indicates that, for example, the sum of the number% in the shaded area (A) in FIG. 4 is 85% or more.
- “Maximum number% is 15 number% or more” indicates that the value of Ymax, which is the maximum number% (ie, maximum number%) in FIG. 4, for example, is 15 number% or more. Furthermore, “the maximum particle size corresponding to the median of the minimum range and the maximum particle size corresponding to the maximum median of the maximum range are in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less” For example, when the distribution of the maximum particle size as shown in FIG. 5 is considered, the median range (C1) in each range of 5% or more of the maximum number% is in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less. Indicates that it exists.
- the median value that is, the minimum median value of the range on the smaller maximum particle size side shown in the left side of FIG.
- the median value (that is, the maximum median value) of the range of the larger maximum particle size shown on the right side of FIG. 5 that is, the hatched portion on the right side of FIG. 5 indicating the maximum range.
- the range between the diameters is in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 2.0 ⁇ m or less.
- this minimum median and the maximum median corresponds to the range of C1 (see FIG. 5) within the range of (C) of FIG. To do. That is, this corresponds to the range of Ymax (that is, the maximum number% value) ⁇ 0.05 (that is, 5% of Ymax) or more in FIG.
- the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the minimum range and the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the maximum range are within a range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less”, for example, 5 (when 5% in FIG. 5 is considered as 10%), the median range in each range of 10% or more of the maximum number% (B1 in FIG. 4). In the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the median value that is, the minimum median value of the range on the smaller maximum particle size side shown in the left side of FIG.
- the maximum particle size indicated by the median value that is, the maximum median value of the range of the larger maximum particle size shown on the right side of FIG. 5 (that is, the hatched portion on the right side of FIG. 5 which is the maximum range). It is shown that the range between is in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less.
- this minimum median and the maximum median corresponds to the range of B1 in the range of (B) of FIG. That is, this corresponds to the range of Ymax (that is, the maximum number% value) ⁇ 0.1 (that is, 10% of Ymax) or more in FIG.
- silicon nitride powder having a specific surface area BET of 8 to 20 m 2 / g is used as a starting material, Yb 2 O 3 powder having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m, Sm 2 O 3 powder having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m, or Lu 2 having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m.
- the powder blended as described above is put into a ball mill having an inner wall made of silicon nitride together with ethanol, and silicon nitride balls of ⁇ 2 mm, ⁇ 6 mm, and ⁇ 10 mm (that is, SN balls) are used as grinding media.
- a mixture (slurry) was prepared by pulverizing and mixing for about 96 to 240 hours using a mixture formulated at a volume ratio of 2: 7 or 0: 0: 10.
- each silicon nitride ball of ⁇ 2 mm, ⁇ 6 mm, and ⁇ 10 mm was blended at a volume ratio of 0: 0: 10, it was pulverized and mixed for about 168 to 240 hours. That is, when many large silicon nitride balls were used, the pulverization time was lengthened.
- the slurry was boiled in water, dried, and then passed through a sieve having an opening of 250 ⁇ m to obtain a mixed powder.
- the mixed powder was press-molded at a pressure of 1000 kgf / cm 2 to obtain a molded product having a tool shape of SNGN120408T02020 according to ISO standards.
- this compact was molded by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) molding at a pressure of 1500 kgf / cm 2 .
- CIP cold isostatic pressing
- the molded body formed by the CIP molding is held in a silicon nitride container at a nitrogen (N 2 ) atmosphere, a heating rate of 10 ° C./min, and 1750 ° C. for 2 hours, and a cooling rate of 20 ° C./min. was fired.
- N 2 nitrogen
- the temperature rising rate is slower than 10 ° C./min, the grain growth of silicon nitride particles proceeds, and therefore, 10 ° C./min or more is preferable.
- a silicon nitride sintered body 5 was obtained by the manufacturing method described above.
- the cutting insert 1 was obtained by grind
- the number% of silicon nitride particles 3 having a maximum particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less is 70 number% or more (for example, 85% by number or more).
- the maximum number% that is, the maximum number% which is the maximum value of the number% of the silicon nitride particles 3 is 15 number% or more.
- the atomization and uniform grain organization of the silicon nitride particles 3 are improved, and the size of the bonded phase between the fine particles is reduced. Therefore, the strength of the silicon nitride sintered body 5 is increased, and the fracture resistance performance is improved.
- the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the minimum range and the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the maximum range in a specific region that is 5% or more of the maximum number% However, it exists in the range of 0.1 micrometer or more and 2.0 micrometers or less.
- the atomization and uniform grain organization of the silicon nitride particles 3 are improved, and the size of the bonded phase between the fine particles is reduced. Therefore, also from this point, the strength of the silicon nitride-based sintered body 5 is increased, and the fracture resistance is improved.
- the aspect ratio of the silicon nitride particles 3 having a maximum particle size of 7 ⁇ m or more is 2 or more. Therefore, since the effect of crack propagation is large, fracture toughness is improved, and fracture resistance is further improved.
- the cutting insert 11 of 2nd Embodiment has the shape (namely, cylindrical shape) of RNGN120700T02020 by the ISO standard.
- the cutting insert 11 is composed of a silicon nitride sintered body 15 including a large number of sialon particles 13 (see FIG. 2). That is, the silicon nitride sintered body 15 is substantially composed of sialon particles 13 (for example, 80% by volume or more).
- the sialon particles 13 have the same shape as the silicon nitride particles 3 of the first embodiment as illustrated in FIG.
- the silicon nitride sintered body 15 of the second embodiment basically has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except that the silicon nitride particles 3 are replaced with sialon particles 13.
- condition 1 and the condition 2 are satisfied as follows.
- the maximum particle diameter (X: see FIG. 2) which is the maximum diameter (maximum major axis) of each sialon particle 13 in the sialon particles 13 included in the silicon nitride sintered body 15, is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the number ratio (that is, number%) of the above is 70 number% or more.
- the number% having a maximum particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less is 85 number% or more.
- the maximum value (that is, the maximum number%) of the number% of the sialon particles 13 is 15 number% or more.
- the maximum particle diameter corresponding to the maximum number% exists in the range where the maximum particle diameter is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- condition 2 first, a specific range which is a plurality of ranges having a number% equal to or greater than the threshold value is set with 5% of the maximum number% being the maximum value of the number% of sialon particles 13 as a threshold value. In the specific range, the range having the smallest maximum particle size is set as the minimum range, and the range having the largest maximum particle size is set as the maximum range.
- the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the minimum range and the maximum particle size corresponding to the median value of the maximum range are in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 2.0 ⁇ m.
- the maximum particle size corresponding to the maximum number% exists within the specific range of 5% or more.
- this silicon nitride powder a silicon nitride powder having a specific surface area BET of 8 to 20 m 2 / g was used.
- ⁇ Crushing method> The pulverization method is the same as in the first embodiment.
- ⁇ Molding method> The molding method is the same as in the first embodiment. However, it was molded into the shape of RNGN120700T2020.
- ⁇ Baking method> The firing temperature was 1730 ° C.
- Other manufacturing conditions are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the silicon nitride based sintered body 15 (and hence the cutting insert 11) of the second embodiment can be manufactured by such a manufacturing method.
- the number% of the sialon particles 13 having a maximum particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less is 70 number% or more.
- the maximum value (that is, the maximum number%) of the number% of the sialon particles 13 is 15 number% or more.
- the maximum particle size corresponding to the median of the minimum range and the maximum particle size corresponding to the median of the maximum range in a specific range that is 5% or more of the maximum number%, It exists in the range of 0.1 micrometer or more and 2.0 micrometers or less.
- the aspect ratio of the sialon particles 13 having a maximum particle size of 7 ⁇ m or more is 2 or more. Therefore, since the effect of crack propagation is large, fracture toughness is improved, and fracture resistance is further improved.
- This Experimental Example 1 is an experimental example related to the silicon nitride sintered body (accordingly, the cutting insert) of the first embodiment.
- Experimental Example 1 of the first embodiment a sample of a silicon nitride sintered body (and therefore a cutting insert) containing silicon nitride particles as a main component was prepared, and its fracture resistance and the like were examined.
- the manufacturing conditions other than the manufacturing conditions shown in Experimental Example 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the shape of the cutting insert is SNGN120408T02020 according to the ISO standard.
- Examples 1 to 10 are samples of the present disclosure
- Comparative Examples 1 to 8 are comparative examples outside the scope of the present disclosure.
- the samples of Examples 1 to 10 were prepared by changing the specific surface area BET, grinding media, and grinding time conditions within the ranges shown in Table 1 below among the conditions of the first embodiment. is there.
- the specific surface area BET was selected in the range of 11 to 17%
- the grinding time was selected in the range of 96 to 240 hours.
- the cutting insert of each sample was cut at a plane passing through the center of gravity, the cut surface was mirror-polished, and after etching, observation by a scanning electron microscope (that is, SEM observation) was performed. Specifically, the number of silicon nitride particles present in the field of view in the range of 64 ⁇ m ⁇ 48 ⁇ m near the center of gravity was examined by SEM observation. In addition, the maximum particle diameter X and the minimum minor diameter Y of each silicon nitride particle were examined to obtain individual aspect ratios (ie, X / Y).
- the frequency of the number is calculated in a width of 0.1 ⁇ m, for example, and the particle size distribution of the maximum particle size as shown in FIG. 4 is obtained. Asked.
- the measurement In order to improve the measurement accuracy, it is preferable to perform the measurement with two or more visual fields.
- analysis can be performed using data of all fields of view.
- data 3 is a minimum and maximum median value of 5% or more (that is, a particle size of 5% of the maximum number%)
- data 4 is a minimum and maximum median value of 10% or more (that is, maximum). 10% of the particle number).
- the “aspect ratio of silicon nitride particles having a maximum particle size of 7 ⁇ m or more” is a value obtained by obtaining each aspect ratio for silicon nitride particles having a maximum particle size of 7 ⁇ m or more and describing the minimum value.
- ⁇ indicates that the maximum amount of flank wear is the smallest and the feed rate leading to the defect is the largest (that is, the most excellent characteristic). “ ⁇ ” indicates that the flank maximum wear amount is as small as 0.6 mm, and the feed speed to the defect is 1.8 mm / rev. “ ⁇ ” indicates that the flank maximum wear amount is a little as small as 0.8 to 0.9 mm, and the feed rate leading to the breakage is slightly excellent at 1.7 mm / rev. “X” indicates an unfavorable characteristic in which the maximum flank wear amount is 0.9 mm or more and the feed speed to the defect is 1.6 mm / rev or less. “XX” indicates that an initial defect occurred.
- the flank maximum wear amount is smaller (0.6 mm or less), and the feed rate leading to the defect is larger (1.8 mm / rev or more). Is preferred.
- the maximum flank wear amount is small (0.9 mm or less), and the feed rate to the chip is large (1.7 mm / rev or more). Is preferred.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 and 7 are not preferable because they have a large amount of flank wear and a small feed rate to the chip. Further, Comparative Examples 4, 5, and 8 are not preferable because initial defects occur. Furthermore, Comparative Example 6 is not preferable because the feed speed to the defect is small.
- This Experimental Example 2 is an experimental example related to the silicon nitride sintered body (accordingly, the cutting insert) of the second embodiment.
- a sample of the sialon sintered body (accordingly, the cutting insert) of the second embodiment was produced as a silicon nitride-based sintered body containing the sialon particles of the second embodiment as a main component, and the fracture resistance and the like were examined.
- the shape of the cutting insert is ISO standard and is RNGN120700T02020.
- Examples 11 and 12 are samples of the present disclosure
- Comparative Example 9 is a comparative example outside the scope of the present disclosure.
- SEM observation was performed on the cutting inserts of the samples prepared in this Experimental Example 2 in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, and the number of sialon particles existing in the visual field in the range of 64 ⁇ m ⁇ 48 ⁇ m near the center of gravity was determined.
- the maximum particle diameter X and the minimum minor diameter Y of each sialon particle were examined to determine the individual aspect ratio (ie, X / Y).
- the frequency of the number was calculated with a width of, for example, 0.1 ⁇ m, and the particle size distribution of the maximum particle size was obtained.
- data 1 to 5 were obtained from the measurement data regarding the sialon particles obtained by the observation described above. The results are shown in Table 4 below.
- ⁇ in the comprehensive evaluation indicates the longest processing distance until flaking (that is, the best characteristic). “ ⁇ ” indicates the next longest processing distance (ie, excellent characteristics) until flaking is reached. “X” indicates that the machining distance until the defect is reached is short (that is, undesirable characteristics).
- the present disclosure can be applied not only to a silicon nitride sintered body including silicon nitride particles but also to a silicon nitride sintered body including sialon particles.
- the distribution of silicon nitride particles as shown in FIG. 4 is the same when the silicon nitride particles are sialon particles.
- sialon that is, the crystalline phase
- a material including ⁇ , ⁇ , and polytype at a predetermined ratio according to the application. That is, the form of sialon is not particularly limited.
- the composition of the silicon nitride-based sintered body of the present disclosure includes, for example, 80% by mass or more of silicon nitride, 0.1 to 10% by mass in terms of oxide of one or more of yttrium or a rare earth element, A composition containing 0.2 to 6% by mass of magnesium in terms of MgO can be mentioned. Further, a composition containing 90% by mass or more of silicon nitride, 0.3 to 4.5% by mass in terms of oxide of one or more of yttrium or a rare earth element, and 0.2 to 3% by mass of magnesium in terms of MgO. It is done.
- a composition containing sialon and containing 1 to 10% by mass of one or more yttrium or rare earth elements in terms of oxide and 3 to 30% by mass in terms of Al 2 O 3 can be given. Further, a composition containing sialon and containing at least one kind of yttrium or rare earth element in an amount of 3 to 7% by mass in terms of oxide and 5 to 25% by mass in terms of Al 2 O 3 can be given.
- the function which one component in each said embodiment has may be shared by a some component, or the function which a some component has may be exhibited by one component.
- at least a part of the configuration of each of the embodiments may be added to or replaced with the configuration of the other embodiments.
- all the aspects included in the technical idea specified from the wording described in the claims are embodiments of the present invention.
Abstract
Description
下記特許文献2には、窒化珪素の針状結晶粒子に着目し、アスペクト比や長径を規定して、高強度化を図った窒化珪素焼結体の技術が開示されている。
つまり、近年では、被削材の難削化への対応や高能率加工等の要求があり、それに伴って耐欠損性能の向上が望まれているが、従来の技術では必ずしも十分ではない場合がある。
この窒化珪素質焼結体は、各窒化珪素質粒子の大きさを、最大の粒径(即ち最大粒径)で示す場合に、全ての窒化珪素質粒子のうち、最大の粒径が1μm以下の窒化珪素質粒子の個数の割合が70個数%以上である。しかも、この窒化珪素質焼結体は、最大の粒径に対する窒化珪素質粒子の個数%の分布において、窒化珪素質粒子の個数%の最大値である最大の個数%(即ち最大個数%)が15個数%以上である。
なお、個数%とは、全ての窒化珪素粒子の数に対して、目的とする範囲における個数の割合を%で表現したものである(以下同様)。
この窒化珪素質焼結体では、最大粒径が1μm以下の個数%が85個数%以上であるので、後述する実験例からも明らかなように、更に窒化珪素質焼結体の強度が上がり、耐欠損性能が一層向上する。
前記所定寸法の範囲(即ち寸法の幅)は、その幅が狭いほど精度の良い最大粒径の分布が得られるが、実用的には、前記所定寸法としては、例えば前記範囲(即ち幅)の中央値±0.05μm(即ち0.1μmの幅)を採用できる。
(4)本開示の他の局面における窒化珪素質焼結体は、窒化珪素粒子又はサイアロン粒子である窒化珪素質粒子を含む窒化珪素質焼結体に関するものである。
(以下、この他の局面にて規定した内容を条件2と記すこともある)
この窒化珪素質焼結体では、最大の個数%の5%以上となる特定範囲において、最小範囲の中央値に対応する最大の粒径と最大範囲の中央値に対応する最大の粒径とが、0.1μm以上2.0μm以下の範囲内にある。そのため、マトリックスとなる窒化珪素質粒子の微粒化及び均粒組織化が向上しており、微細粒子間結合相サイズが低減している。よって、後述する実験例からも明らかなように、窒化珪素質焼結体の強度が上がり、耐欠損性能が向上する。
この窒化珪素質焼結体では、最大粒径が7μm以上の窒化珪素質粒子のアスペクト比が2以上であるので、クラック進展のディフラクション効果(即ちクラックの直線状の進展を抑制する効果:回折させる効果)が大きい。そのため、破壊靱性が向上し、耐欠損性能が向上する。
(7)上述の窒化珪素質焼結体では、窒化珪素を90質量%以上、イットリウムまたは希土類元素の1種以上を酸化物換算で0.3~4.5質量%、マグネシウムをMgO換算で0.2~3質量%含有してもよい。
(8)上述の窒化珪素質焼結体では、サイアロンを含み、イットリウムまたは希土類元素の1種以上を酸化物換算で1~10質量%、アルミニウムをAl2O3換算で3~30質量%含有してもよい。
(9)上述の窒化珪素質焼結体では、サイアロンを含み、イットリウムまたは希土類元素の1種以上を酸化物換算で3~7質量%、アルミニウムをAl2O3換算で5~25質量%含有してもよい。
(10)本開示の更に他の局面における切削インサートは、上述したいずれかの窒化珪素質焼結体から構成されている切削インサートである。
この切削インサートでは、上述した構成の窒化珪素質焼結体を用いることによって、例えば、普通鋳鉄、ダクタイル鋳鉄、耐熱合金の加工を行う場合に、耐欠損性能が高いという効果がある。従って、高送りによる高能率加工化、難削材等に対する加工における長寿命化が可能であるという顕著な効果を奏する。
つまり、個々の窒化珪素質粒子の大きさを、それぞれ最大の粒径で示すとともに、最大の粒径を所定寸法毎の各範囲に区分し、全ての窒化珪素質粒子の個数に対する各範囲の窒化珪素質粒子の個数の割合を個数%とする。そして、窒化珪素質粒子の個数%の最大値である最大の個数%に対する10%を閾値とし、その閾値以上の個数%となる複数の範囲である特定範囲を設定する。さらに、特定範囲のうち、最大の粒径が最も小さな範囲を最小範囲とするとともに最大の粒径が最も大きな範囲を最大範囲とする。
この構成によっても、窒化珪素質焼結体の強度が上がり、耐欠損性能が向上する。
・窒化珪素粒子とは、窒化珪素(Si3N4)を主成分とする粒子であり、サイアロン粒子とは、サイアロン(sialon)を主成分とする粒子である。ここで主成分とは、窒化珪素粒子又はサイアロン粒子において、窒化珪素又はサイアロンを、それぞれ50体積%を上回る範囲で含むことを示している。なお、窒化珪素又はサイアロンを、それぞれ80体積%を上回る範囲で含んでいてもよい。
また、窒化珪素粒子は、窒化珪素により構成される粒子であってもよい(但し不可避不純物を含んでいてもよい)。また、サイアロン粒子としては、サイアロンにより構成される粒子であってもよい(但し不可避不純物を含んでいてもよい)。
・窒化珪素質焼結体とは、窒化珪素(Si3N4)又はサイアロン(sialon)を主成分(50体積%を上回る範囲で含む)とする焼結体である。この窒化珪素質焼結体では、窒化珪素質粒子が50体積%を上回る範囲を占めている。
ここで、最大の粒径とは、鏡面研磨した焼結体をエッチング処理し、これを走査型電子顕微鏡で観察(即ちSEM観察)した画像から得られる最大の寸法を意味する。
3…窒化珪素粒子
5、15…窒化珪素質焼結体
13…サイアロン粒子
[1-1.全体構成]
まず、第1実施形態の窒化珪素質焼結体を用いて構成される切削インサートの構成について説明する。
この切削インサート1は、多数の窒化珪素粒子3(図2参照)を含む窒化珪素質焼結体5から構成されている。つまり、この窒化珪素質焼結体5は、ほぼ窒化珪素粒子3(例えば80体積%以上)から構成されている。
具体的には、窒化珪素質焼結体5に含まれる多数の窒化珪素粒子3については、各窒化珪素粒子3において最大の粒径(即ち最大長径)である最大粒径(X:図2参照)が1μm以下であるものの個数の割合(即ち個数%)が70個数%以上である。例えば、最大粒径が1μm以下の個数%が85個数%以上である。しかも、最大の粒径に対する窒化珪素質粒子の個数%の分布において、窒化珪素粒子3の個数%の最大値(即ち最大個数%)が15個数%以上である。
また、本第1実施形態では、下記の条件2を満たしている。
なお、この場合、前記5%以上となる特定範囲内に、最大個数%(即ち分布のピークYmax)に対応する最大粒径が存在する。
ここで、アスペクト比とは、図2に示すように、窒化珪素粒子3の「最大長径/最大長径に直交する長さ」である。なお、最大長径が図2の最大粒径Xであり、最大長径に直交する長さが図2の最小短径Yである。
次に、窒化珪素質焼結体5に含まれる窒化珪素粒子3のサイズに関する分布について説明する。
最大粒径Xの粒子の個数%=(最大粒径Xの粒子個数/全粒子個数)×100・・(1)
なお、最大粒径を所定寸法(幅)毎の各範囲に区分する場合には、「最大粒径Xの粒子個数」は、その所定寸法(幅)内に含まれる「最大粒径Xの粒子個数」を示している。
なお、「最大粒径が1μm以下の個数%が85個数%以上」とは、例えば図4における斜線部分(A)の領域における個数%の和が85%以上であることを示している。
さらに、「最小範囲の中央値に対応する最大の粒径と最大範囲の最大の中央値に対応する最大の粒径とが、0.1μm以上2.0μm以下の範囲内にある」とは、例えば図5に示すような最大粒径の分布を考えた場合に、最大個数%の5%以上の各範囲における中央値の範囲(C1)が、0.1μm以上2.0μm以下の範囲内に存在することを示している。
次に、第1実施形態の窒化珪素質焼結体5及び切削インサート1の製造方法を説明する。
次に、前記混合粉末を、1000kgf/cm2の圧力でプレス成形して、ISO規格で工具形状がSNGN120408T02020用の成形体を得た。
続いて、このCIP成形により成形された成形体を、窒化珪素容器の中で、窒素(N2)雰囲気、昇温速度10℃/min、1750℃で2時間保持し、降温速度20℃/minにて焼成を行った。なお、昇温速度が10℃/minより遅いと、窒化珪素粒子の粒成長が進むので、10℃/min以上が好ましい。
上述した製造方法によって、窒化珪素質焼結体5を得た。
[1-4.効果]
次に、本第1実施形態の効果を説明する。
[2-1.全体構成]
次に、第2実施形態について説明するが、第1実施形態と同様な内容については、その説明は省略又は簡略化する。
この切削インサート11は、多数のサイアロン粒子13(前記図2参照)を含む窒化珪素質焼結体15から構成されている。つまり、この窒化珪素質焼結体15は、ほぼサイアロン粒子13(例えば80体積%以上)から構成されている。
条件1については、この窒化珪素質焼結体15に含まれる多数のサイアロン粒子13について、各サイアロン粒子13において最大の径(最大長径)である最大粒径(X:図2参照)が1μm以下であるものの個数の割合(即ち個数%)が70個数%以上である。例えば、最大粒径が1μm以下の個数%が85個数%以上である。しかも、最大の粒径に対するサイアロン粒子13の個数%の分布において、サイアロン粒子13の個数%の最大値(即ち最大個数%)が15個数%以上である。
また、条件2については、まず、サイアロン粒子13の個数%の最大値である最大の個数%に対する5%を閾値とし、その閾値以上の個数%となる複数の範囲である特定範囲を設定する。そして、その特定範囲のうち、最大の粒径が最も小さな範囲を最小範囲とするとともに最大の粒径が最も大きな範囲を最大範囲とする。
なお、この場合、前記5%以上となる特定範囲内に、最大個数%(即ち分布のピークYmax)に対応する最大粒径が存在する。
[2-2.製造方法]
次に、第2実施形態の窒化珪素質焼結体15及び切削インサート11の製造方法を説明する。
<出発原料>
平均粒径1μmのYb2O3粉末を5質量%、平均粒径1μmのAl2O3粉末を2質量%、平均粒径1μmのAlN粉末を8質量%とし、残部は窒化珪素粉末を用いた。この窒化珪素粉末としては、比表面積BET8~20m2/gの窒化珪素粉末を用いた。
粉砕方法は、第1実施形態と同様である。
<成形方法>
成形方法は、第1実施形態と同様である。但し、RNGN120700T2020の形状に成形した。
焼成温度は1730℃とした。
その他の製造条件は第1実施形態と同様であり、このような製造方法によって、第2実施形態の窒化珪素質焼結体15(従って切削インサート11)を製造することができる。
第2実施形態の窒化珪素質焼結体15(従って切削インサート11)は、全てのサイアロン粒子13のうち、最大粒径が1μm以下のサイアロン粒子13の個数%が70個数%以上である。しかも、最大の粒径に対するサイアロン粒子13の個数%の分布において、サイアロン粒子13サイアロン粒子13の個数%の最大値(即ち最大個数%)が15個数%以上である。
次に、本開示の効果を確認するために行った実験例について説明する。
<実験例1>
本実験例1は、第1実施形態の窒化珪素質焼結体(従って切削インサート)に関する実験例である。
なお、本実験例1で示す製造条件以外は、前記第1実施形態と同様である。また、切削インサートの形状は、ISO規格で、SNGN120408T02020である。
なお、各試料のうち、実施例1~10が本開示の試料であり、比較例1~8が本開示の範囲外の比較例である。
また、比較例1~8の試料は、比表面積BET、粉砕メディア、粉砕時間の条件のいずれかを前記実施例1~10の条件の範囲外に変更して作製した。
刃先処理 :0.2×20°
被削材 :FC250(JIS)
切削速度 :150m/min
切込み深さ:2.0mm
送り速度 :0.6mm/revからスタートし、各加工パスごとに
0.05mm/revずつ増やした
切削油 :なし(DRY)
本実験例2は、第2実施形態の窒化珪素質焼結体(従って切削インサート)に関する実験例である。
そして、本実験例2において作製した各試料の切削インサートに対して、前記実験例1と同様にして、SEM観察を行い、重心付近の64μm×48μmの範囲の視野に存在するサイアロン粒子の個数を調べた。また、各サイアロン粒子の最大粒径Xと最小短径Yとを調べて個々のアスペクト比(即ちX/Y)を求めた。
そして、上述した観察によって得られたサイアロン粒子に関する測定データから、実験例1と同様に、データ1~5を求めた。その結果を、下記表4に記す。
刃先処理 :0.2×20°
被削材 :インコネル718
切削速度 :180m/min
切込み深さ:1.5mm
送り速度 :0.2mm/rev
切削油 :あり(WET)
での加工距離が短いもの(即ち好ましくない特性のもの)を示している。
一方、比較例9は、欠損に到るまでの加工距離が短いので、好ましくない。
尚、本開示は前記実施形態になんら限定されるものではなく、本開示を逸脱しない範囲において種々の態様で実施しうることはいうまでもない。
また、前記図4に示すような窒化珪素粒子の分布は、窒化珪素質粒子がサイアロン粒子の場合も同様である。
(4)なお、前記各実施形態における1つの構成要素が有する機能を複数の構成要素に分担させたり、複数の構成要素が有する機能を1つの構成要素に発揮させたりしてもよい。また、前記各実施形態の構成の一部を、省略してもよい。また、前記各実施形態の構成の少なくとも一部を、他の前記実施形態の構成に対して付加、置換等してもよい。なお、特許請求の範囲に記載の文言から特定される技術思想に含まれるあらゆる態様が本発明の実施形態である。
Claims (10)
- 窒化珪素粒子又はサイアロン粒子である窒化珪素質粒子を含む窒化珪素質焼結体において、
個々の前記窒化珪素質粒子の大きさを、それぞれ最大の粒径で示す場合に、
全ての前記窒化珪素質粒子のうち、前記最大の粒径が1μm以下の前記窒化珪素質粒子の個数の割合が70個数%以上であり、
且つ、前記最大の粒径に対する前記窒化珪素質粒子の個数%の分布において、前記窒化珪素質粒子の個数%の最大値である最大の個数%が15個数%以上である、窒化珪素質焼結体。 - 前記最大の粒径が1μm以下の前記窒化珪素質粒子の個数の割合が85個数%以上である、請求項1に記載の窒化珪素質焼結体。
- 前記最大の粒径を所定寸法毎の各範囲に区分し、前記全ての窒化珪素質粒子の個数に対する前記各範囲の前記窒化珪素質粒子の個数の割合を、前記個数%とした、請求項1又は2に記載の窒化珪素質焼結体。
- 窒化珪素粒子又はサイアロン粒子である窒化珪素質粒子を含む窒化珪素質焼結体において、
個々の前記窒化珪素質粒子の大きさを、それぞれ最大の粒径で示すとともに、
前記最大の粒径を所定寸法毎の各範囲に区分し、前記全ての窒化珪素質粒子の個数に対する前記各範囲の前記窒化珪素質粒子の個数の割合を個数%とし、
さらに、前記窒化珪素質粒子の個数%の最大値である最大の個数%に対する5%を閾値として、該閾値以上の個数%となる複数の前記範囲である特定範囲を設定し、
該特定範囲のうち、前記最大の粒径が最も小さな範囲を最小範囲とするとともに前記最大の粒径が最も大きな範囲を最大範囲とした場合に、
前記最小範囲の中央値に対応する前記最大の粒径と前記最大範囲の中央値に対応する前記最大の粒径とが、0.1μm以上2.0μm以下の範囲内にある、窒化珪素質焼結体。 - 前記最大の粒径が7μm以上の前記窒化珪素質粒子のアスペクト比が2以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素質焼結体。
- 窒化珪素を80質量%以上、イットリウムまたは希土類元素の1種以上を酸化物換算で0.1~10質量%、マグネシウムをMgO換算で0.2~6質量%含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素質焼結体。
- 窒化珪素を90質量%以上、イットリウムまたは希土類元素の1種以上を酸化物換算で0.3~4.5質量%、マグネシウムをMgO換算で0.2~3質量%含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素質焼結体。
- サイアロンを含み、イットリウムまたは希土類元素の1種以上を酸化物換算で1~10質量%、アルミニウムをAl2O3換算で3~30質量%含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素質焼結体。
- サイアロンを含み、イットリウムまたは希土類元素の1種以上を酸化物換算で3~7質量%、アルミニウムをAl2O3換算で5~25質量%含有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素質焼結体。
- 前記請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の窒化珪素質焼結体から構成されている、切削インサート。
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DE112017001794.7T DE112017001794T5 (de) | 2016-03-31 | 2017-03-30 | Sinterkörper auf Siliziumnitridbasis und Schneideinsatz |
KR1020187026819A KR102097955B1 (ko) | 2016-03-31 | 2017-03-30 | 질화규소질 소결체 및 절삭 인서트 |
CN201780022145.3A CN108883996B (zh) | 2016-03-31 | 2017-03-30 | 氮化硅基烧结体及切削镶刀 |
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