WO2017170506A1

WO2017170506A1 - Floating and tilting type evacuation capsule

Info

Publication number: WO2017170506A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/012572
Authority: WO
Inventors: 矢野　昭彦
Original assignee: 株式会社ライフル
Priority date: 2016-04-01
Filing date: 2017-03-28
Publication date: 2017-10-05
Also published as: JPWO2017170506A1; JP6256964B1; TW201836922A; TWI681904B

Abstract

Provided is a floating and tilting type evacuation capsule that allows quick evacuation and ensures safety within an evacuation space, against a giant tsunami coming shortly after an earthquake occurs. An evacuation capsule 1 is characterized by being capable of floating on the surface of water and being provided with a tilting mechanism configured from: a structured body 8; a door 11a provided at an entrance 16; a vessel bottom 7 provided downward of a floor 6; a sinker 12; and the like, wherein the tilting mechanism is configured such that when the evacuation capsule 1 floats on the surface of water, a rear wall 4 of the structure body sinks deeper than a front wall 5 thereof and the door is positioned above the waterline L. Accordingly, the evacuation capsule 1 is able to prevent water from entering from a door 10 and is able to reliably float even in a tsunami.

Description

Floating tilt evacuation capsule

The present invention relates to a floating tilt type evacuation capsule that can be evacuated when a tsunami caused by an earthquake occurs.

In the Great East Japan Earthquake, many lives were lost due to the huge tsunami. In order to protect life from such a huge tsunami, evacuating to high ground quickly before the tsunami strikes is one of the effective means for disaster prevention. However, it is predicted that there will be a 30m tsunami in just 5 minutes after the occurrence of the Tokai, Tonankai, and Nankai earthquakes. This is extremely difficult for the elderly and the disabled. Even if you evacuate to an evacuated building, it is difficult to go up the stairs.

As a solution, the introduction of evacuation capsules is effective. As soon as the earthquake occurs, it can be quickly evacuated into an evacuation capsule, set up when the tsunami strikes, and escape after the tsunami has left to protect the lives of many people, including the elderly and people with disabilities, from tsunami disasters.

Evacuation capsules can be easily installed on individual premises and can be evacuated in a short time, so they are effective even if a tsunami strikes in a short time after the occurrence of an earthquake. Also, unlike the case of evacuating to an evacuated building using stairs, there is almost no vertical movement, making it suitable for evacuating elderly and disabled people. Furthermore, unlike evacuation to high ground, it is not affected by traffic congestion or road blockage during evacuation.

Among the evacuation capsules, floating capsules can float without resisting the tsunami, which is advantageous in that the effectiveness of the evacuation capsule does not change even for a giant tsunami.

Patent Document 1 has been proposed as a floating evacuation capsule. According to the invention of Patent Document 1, it can be purchased in many homes, placed in one corner of the garden, and evacuated from a flood caused by a tsunami by evacuating into a lightweight and strong capsule at the time of flood Inexpensive evacuation life-saving capsules have been provided. Specifically, a capsule body, which is generally bowl-shaped and constricted at the bottom, is integrally molded with resin to build a framework for covering the top of the capsule body with a waterproof sheet cover. The main body is provided with a space where at least four adults can sit with knees, a seat belt is attached, and a weight and a base with casters for lowering the center of gravity are attached to the lower part of the capsule main body.

JP 2014-58296 A

However, the above-described conventional technology has a problem that the capsule body is made of resin, is structurally weak, and cannot cope with the destructive force of a huge tsunami. There is also a problem of colliding with and destroying drifting debris. Furthermore, when a tsunami fire occurs, there is also a problem that the resin constituting the capsule body is burned up.

The present invention has been made paying attention to these problems, and even if a huge tsunami strikes in a short time after the occurrence of an earthquake, it is possible to evacuate quickly and ensure safety in the evacuation space. An evacuation capsule that can be used is provided.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an invention according to claim 1 is an evacuation capsule that can float on a water surface, and is formed on a structure having a top plate, a front wall, a rear wall, a side wall, and a floor, and the front wall When the evacuation capsule floats on the water surface, the rear wall of the structure sinks deeper than the front wall, and the door is the water line. And a tilting mechanism for being positioned above.

According to this configuration, when the evacuation capsule is floating on the surface of the water, the door is positioned above the water line, so that water can be prevented from entering from the door.

Also, according to this configuration, the evacuation capsule floats with the tilting mechanism in a state where the rear wall sinks deeper than the front wall, that is, in a tilted state. Therefore, it has a structure that does not easily fall over the tsunami wave force.

Further, according to this configuration, since the ship bottom is provided below the floor, the traveling direction of the evacuation capsule can be maintained in a certain direction when it is swept away by a tsunami.

The invention according to claim 2 is the evacuation capsule according to claim 1, wherein the top plate, the front wall, the rear wall, the side wall, and the floor of the structure are integrated by sandwiching both surfaces of the core material with steel plates. Yes, the door and the bottom of the ship are made of steel.

According to this configuration, since the outer surface of the evacuation capsule is covered with the steel plate, even if a tsunami fire occurs, the evacuation capsule can be escaped from the flame. That is, it has fire resistance and can cope with tsunami fire.

Further, according to this configuration, each of the top plate, the front wall, the side wall, and the floor constituting the structure has a so-called sandwich structure in which both surfaces of the core material are sandwiched and integrated by the steel plates. In such a sandwich structure, the rigidity and strength in the out-of-plane direction are significantly improved as compared with the structure of a single steel plate or a single concrete. Therefore, even if drifting objects such as rubble collide, damage can be avoided.

The invention according to claim 3 is the evacuation capsule according to

claim

1 or 2, characterized in that the core material used for the top plate of the structure has a smaller unit volume weight than the core material used for the floor of the structure. To do.

According to this configuration, the center of gravity can be positioned closer to the lower side than when the core material having the same unit volume weight is used for the top plate and the floor. Therefore, the stability of the evacuation capsule when floating can be increased.

The invention according to claim 4 is the evacuation capsule according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the tilting mechanism includes a front wall and a door, and a rear wall heavier than the total weight of the front wall and the door. It is characterized by.

According to this configuration, the floating evacuation capsule can be tilted by the weight difference between the front wall and door arranged in front of the evacuation capsule and the rear wall arranged behind.

The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in the evacuation capsule according to claims 1 to 3, the tilting mechanism is composed of a weight provided on the floor, rear wall and / or ship bottom of the structure.

According to this configuration, the evacuation capsule in a floating state can be tilted by placing the weight near the rear wall.

The invention according to claim 6 is the evacuation capsule according to claim 5, wherein the weight is made of concrete and / or a steel plate.

According to this configuration, since the weight is made of concrete and / or a steel plate, it is possible to easily place a weight having a predetermined weight at a predetermined position.

The invention according to claim 7 is the evacuation capsule according to claims 1 to 6, further comprising a support part for supporting the structure, the support part extending downward from the floor, and a stable fixed to the lower end of the pillar. And a board.

According to this configuration, since the stabilization plate is provided, the structure can be stably installed on the ground, and the peristalsis can be suppressed when the evacuation capsule floats on the water surface.

The invention according to claim 8 is the evacuation capsule according to claims 1 to 7, wherein the door is provided on one side of the front wall, the toilet installed on the other side of the front wall, and installed on the front side of the front wall The entrance,
Is further provided.

According to this configuration, since the evacuation capsule is further provided with a toilet and an entrance, the evacuation capsule can be effectively used as a living space not only at the time of a disaster but also at all times. By utilizing it constantly, it becomes easy to perform regular inspection and maintenance, and the evacuation capsule can be used without any defects in the event of a disaster.

(A) is a front view of this embodiment, (b) is a right side view thereof. It is an AA cross section of Fig.1 (a). It is explanatory drawing which shows the state which the evacuation capsule of this invention embodiment floats on the water surface. (A) is a cross-sectional block diagram of a front wall and a top plate, (b) is a cross-sectional block diagram of a side wall, a rear wall, and a floor. It is a perspective view of the escape capsule of the embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 5, the evacuation capsule 1 of the present embodiment includes a structure 8, a ship bottom 7, an entrance 9, a toilet 11, and the like.

The structure 8 includes a top plate 2, a front wall 5, a rear wall 4, a side wall 3, and a floor 6. An internal space 8a that serves as an evacuation space in the event of a disaster is formed inside. You may provide a heat insulating material in the inner wall of the structure 8, and a siding inside a heat insulating material.

Moreover, it is preferable to provide a window (not shown) and an emergency exit (not shown) located above the water line L on at least one surface of the top plate 2, the rear wall 4, and the side wall 3.

Thereby, the state outside from the window can be visually recognized. Moreover, even when the door 10 cannot be opened and closed, it can escape from the emergency exit.

4 (a) and 4 (b), the top plate 2, the front wall 5, the rear wall 4, the side wall 3, and the floor 6 are made of a lightweight concrete plate 82a or a plain concrete plate 82b as a core material, and both surfaces are steel plates. It is a so-called sandwich structure sandwiched by 81. By adopting such a sandwich structure, the rigidity and strength in the out-of-plane direction are remarkably improved as compared with the structure of a single steel plate or a single concrete. Therefore, it is possible to improve the safety against drifting objects generated by a tsunami or the like. Moreover, since it is comprised with the steel plate and concrete which have fire resistance, even if it encounters a tsunami fire, it does not burn.

The evacuation capsule 1 is designed to withstand a predetermined external force, for example, a water pressure of 20 meters and a water pressure of 200 kN / m ² . It can also withstand typhoons and tornadoes.

Design is based on the design of the main body that calculates the vertical load and tsunami load of the structure 8, and the foundation when the structure 8 is installed based on the calculation of the vertical load. The tsunami wave pressure calculation formula will be calculated according to new guidelines such as the Tsunami Disaster Prevention Community Development Act Notification.

As an example, when the shape and dimensions of the structure 8 are 3500 mm in length, 2400 mm in width, and 2400 mm in height, the required thickness of the steel plate 81 is 3 mm, and the required thickness of the lightweight concrete plate 82a and the ordinary concrete plate 82b is 60 mm.

An entrance / exit 16 is formed in the front wall 5 at a position where it does not interfere with the toilet 11. The door 16 is provided with a door 10 that ensures watertightness. The entrance / exit 16 preferably has a wide opening so that it can be accessed by a wheelchair. The door 10 has a single or double door structure, has a fireproof structure, and is preferably opened by a hinge. The weight per unit area is preferably about the same as or less than that of the front wall 5.

The front wall 5 uses a lightweight concrete plate 82a as a core material, and the rear wall 4 uses a normal concrete plate 82b as a core material. Normally whereas of about 25 kN / m ³ in concrete, lightweight concrete can be reduced in weight to approximately 18 kN / m ³ by mixing plain concrete than light aggregate. The rear wall 4 heavier than the total weight of the front wall 5 and the door 10 can be obtained by utilizing the weight difference between the unit volumes. As a result, the position of the center of gravity when viewed from the side can be set closer to the rear wall 4, and when the evacuation capsule 1 floats, the rear wall 4 can be submerged deeply. In order to sink the rear wall 4 deeper, the core material of the rear wall 4 may be thickened.

A pair of side walls 3 are provided at opposing positions, and a normal concrete plate 82b is used as a core material. Moreover, you may use a lightweight concrete board as a core material. Thereby, the evacuation capsule 1 can be reduced in weight and the floating volume on the water surface can be increased.

The top plate 2 has an arch shape in plan, uses a lightweight concrete plate 82a as a core material, and the floor 6 uses a normal concrete plate 82b as a core material. Thereby, the gravity center position of an up-down direction can be lowered | hung and the evacuation capsule 1 when it floats can be stabilized.

The ship bottom 7 is provided below the floor 6 in order to stabilize the posture on the water surface, and has a hollow structure made of a steel plate. Its shape and structure follow the common sense of ships.

The weight 12 is made of a steel plate. In the present embodiment, the inner bottom surface of the hollow ship bottom 7 is attached to the rear wall 4. As a result, the position of the center of gravity when viewed from the side can be set closer to the rear wall 4, and when the evacuation capsule 1 floats, the rear wall 4 can be submerged deeply. Concrete may be used as the weight 12. Further, the weight 12 may be provided on either the floor 6 or the rear wall 4 or on both sides. Moreover, you may use together with the weight 12 used for the ship bottom 7 mentioned above.

A support portion 13a is provided to stably install the structure 8 on the ground. The support portion 13a has two support columns 14a extending downward from the floor 6 and a stabilizing plate 15a fixed to the end of the support column 14a. By placing the stabilization plate 15a on the ground, the structure 8 can be stably placed on the ground. In addition, the stabilization plate 15a also has a function of reducing roll and improving stability when the structural body 8 floats.

The internal space 8a has an internal volume that imparts buoyancy that floats on the water surface when a predetermined number of people are accommodated. The size of the structure 8 is converted as a required space of 1.5 m ³ per person. If the capacity is 4 for a general family, 4 people x 1.5m ³ = 6.0m ³ is required. The size of the structure 8 can be changed according to the conditions such as the existing building and the number of persons accommodated.

An oxygen cylinder is prepared in the internal space 8a. Blowing out oxygen increases the chances of lifesaving.

Since oxygen breathing becomes difficult with the oxygen capacity in the internal space 8a, oxygen is supplied from an oxygen cylinder mounted in advance. Since the oxygen cylinder varies depending on conditions such as the number of persons accommodated, children, and adults, a capacity for staying inside the capsule 1 is secured.

In order to ensure the appropriate oxygen concentration, the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations necessary to maintain safe and secure living in the evacuation capsule 1 can be confirmed with an indoor densitometer. It is possible to adjust the oxygen concentration by injecting an attached oxygen can. Similarly, the concentration of carbon dioxide can be adjusted. The target value here is an oxygen concentration of 20% inside the capsule 1. Necessary apparatuses are an oxygen supply device set, an atmospheric pressure adjustment device, a carbon dioxide reduction device set, and the like. The oxygen concentration lower limit is 18% of the safety limit for oxygen in the air, and the carbon dioxide concentration upper limit is 0.5% of the occupational health long-term safety limit for the carbon dioxide concentration. .

減圧 A pressure reducing valve (check valve) for releasing the gas pressure inside the structure 8 is also provided. It also has water supply parts. In order to prevent an excessive increase in carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide is adsorbed with a slaked lime aqueous solution or zeolite to reduce carbon dioxide. Since the storage battery is full by the solar power generation panel, the storage battery is configured to continue to drive the slaked lime pump.

* There are multiple monitors (two in this case). The outside air temperature, the inside air temperature, the oxygen concentration, and the carbon dioxide concentration can be displayed every predetermined time (for example, 30 minutes). When the monitor is installed outside, it is dark and difficult to see the display even when looking at the monitor in the middle of the night, so the outside air thermometer is installed outside and the monitor is installed inside the evacuation capsule 1. In mid-winter, when the tsunami invades, the temperature of the outdoor thermometer rises, so you can see that the tsunami has come at night.

The internal space 8a of the structure 8 has communication functions such as a mobile phone, a satellite phone, and a transceiver. AED and disaster prevention goods are also available.

A front door 9 and a toilet 11 are provided on the front side of the front wall 5. The entrance 9 has a single steel plate structure, and the toilet 11 includes a door 11a, a water supply tank (not shown), a toilet 11b, and a sewage tank (not shown). The toilet 11 may be provided with a window. The toilet 11b can be powered from a household power outlet, or from a generator, an external power source, or the like.

In order to stably install the entrance 9 and the toilet 11 on the ground, a support portion 13b is provided. The support part 13b has the support | pillar 14b extended below from the bottom face of the entrance 9 and the toilet 11, and the stabilization board 15b fixed to the edge part of the support | pillar 14b. By placing the stabilization plate 15b on the ground, the entrance 9 and the toilet 11 can be stably installed on the ground.

The entrance 9 and the toilet 11 are separable from the structure 8, and the evacuation capsule 1 floats as a unit with the structure 8, the ship bottom 7, and the support 13 a due to the tsunami. Thereby, at the normal time, the structure 8 can be comfortably used as a living space at the normal time, and can be stably floated on the water surface at the time of flood damage such as a tsunami.

As shown in FIG. 3, the rear wall 4 of the structure 8 is deeper than the front wall 5. Furthermore, the door 10 is located above the water line L. Such a state can be achieved by appropriately setting the weight of the rear wall 4, the front wall 5 and the door 10, the weight of the weight 12, and the mounting position according to the internal volume of the internal space 8a.

A method of using the evacuation capsule 1 will be described.

The evacuation capsule 1 is suspended by a crane or lifted by a forklift and installed in a predetermined position, for example, in a site. If the floor area of the evacuation capsule 1 is 10 m ² , the building confirmation application is not necessary.

Since the evacuation capsule 1 is provided with the entrance 9 and the toilet 11, it is possible to provide convenience to persons with disabilities, elderly people, children, and the like. In addition, there is an effect that can be used in daily life. For example, it can be used as a bedroom, a living space, and away.

When an earthquake occurs and the tsunami is in danger, the evacuation is promptly evacuated to the internal space 8a, and the door 10 is closed and locked. By taking such actions, elderly people and persons with disabilities can be surely evacuated in the internal space 8a before the tsunami strikes.

When a tsunami strikes, the evacuation capsule 1 is immersed in a wave and submerged. As described above, the structure 8 is designed to withstand a water pressure of 200 kN / m ² at a water depth of 20 meters, and is therefore destroyed by submergence There is nothing. Thereafter, the structure 8 placed on the ground floats on the water surface by receiving buoyancy.

The structure debrised by the tsunami destructive force becomes a drifting material, and a situation where a tsunami fire occurs is also assumed. Since the structure 8 has a structure in which concrete is used as a core material and both surfaces are sandwiched between steel plates, the structure 8 has excellent strength in the out-of-plane direction and also has fire resistance. Therefore, it is not destroyed by the collision of drifting objects, nor is it burned by a tsunami fire.

In the floating state, as shown in FIG. 3, the underwater posture is stabilized by the ship bottom 7 and the front wall 5 becomes higher than the rear wall 4, so that the door 10 floats on the water line L. Thereby, the infiltration of water from the door 10 to the inside can be prevented.

After the tsunami subsides, it floats on the sea for a while. During this time, the accommodated people wait for relief using emergency evacuation equipment prepared in advance in the internal space 8a. In addition, a rescue request is made using a mobile phone provided.

When launched on land, the door 10 is opened to escape. When the door 10 cannot be used due to rubble or the like, it escapes from the emergency exit at a position where it can escape.

In particular, the evacuation capsule 1 can provide a safe and secure house that eliminates tsunami concerns for those who live in the coastal area, who will live in the future, or who want to live there.

The use method at the time of the tsunami attack was described, but the evacuation capsule 1 can withstand not only tsunami but also secondary disasters such as fire and debris flow, and elderly people and persons with disabilities can evacuate safely. It is highly necessary in modern society, and can provide innovative and more reliable performance.

Home evacuation capsule 1 can be provided at low cost and with a shortened construction period, providing a safe and secure environment against tsunamis, fires, tornadoes, etc. Especially in coastal areas, its industrial utility value is great.

1 ... Evacuation capsule 2 ... Top plate 3 ... Side wall 4 ... Rear wall 5 ... Front wall 6 ··········································· 8 ························································· Weights 13a, b ... Supporting portions 14a, b ... Posts 15a, b ... Stabilizing plates 81 ... 82a: Lightweight concrete board (core material)
82b ... Normal concrete board (core material)
L ...

Claims

An evacuation capsule that can float on the water surface,
A structure having a top plate, a front wall, a rear wall, a side wall, and a floor;
A doorway formed in the front wall;
A door provided at the doorway;
A ship bottom provided below the floor;
A tilting mechanism for allowing the rear wall of the structure to sink deeper than the front wall when the evacuation capsule floats on the water surface, and for the door to be positioned above the water line;
An evacuation capsule characterized by comprising:
The top plate, front wall, rear wall, side wall, and floor of the structure have a structure in which both surfaces of the core material are sandwiched and integrated with steel plates, and the door and the ship bottom are made of steel. The evacuation capsule according to claim 1.
The evacuation capsule according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the core material used for the top plate of the structure has a smaller unit volume weight than the core material used for the floor of the structure.
The said tilting mechanism is comprised by the said front wall and the said door, and the said rear wall heavier than the total weight of the said front wall and the said door, The any one of Claim 1 to 3 characterized by the above-mentioned. Evacuation capsule as described in.
The evacuation capsule according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tilting mechanism includes a weight provided on a floor, a rear wall, and / or a ship bottom of the structure.
The escape capsule according to claim 5, wherein the weight is made of concrete and / or a steel plate.
A support portion for supporting the structure;
The escape capsule according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the support portion includes a support column extending downward from the floor and a stabilizer fixed to a lower end of the support column.
The door is provided on one side of the front wall;
A toilet installed on the other side of the front wall;
An entrance installed on the front side of the front wall;
The evacuation capsule according to any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: