JP5543658B1 - Disaster prevention shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] More than 20,000 citizens died without completing evacuation in the Great East Japan Earthquake. In Izu-Oshima, there were more disasters than ever before, such as damage caused by debris flow caused by heavy rains caused by typhoons and storm surges pushed against Leyte Island in the Philippines. This was because the distance to the evacuation facility was very long for the elderly, children, disabled people, etc., or the evacuation facilities were insufficient. Therefore, we devised a construction method that greatly shortens the evacuation time.
[Solution]
The shelter dock (2) fixed to the concrete foundation (8) has a shelter body (1) equipped with a waterproof hatch (5) and a platform (3) on the inner top of the shelter dock (2). Developed a shelter.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a disaster prevention evacuation shelter in a disaster prevention risk area.

In the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred earlier, more than 20,000 deaths occurred despite the bright hours past 2:00 pm. Considering the main causes, there are two important causes. The trap was a delay in starting evacuation based on the relief that a tsunami would never come.
The culprits include the length of the distance traveled from your home to the evacuation site and the difference in elevation of the land.
The cause is thought to have been swallowed by the tsunami without being able to complete the evacuation in a short time.

In short, the evacuation time is too short. Let us assume the most disadvantageous situation in starting emergency evacuation behavior in normal social life. Winter, rainy weather, midnight, bedtime, bathing, blackout, elderly people, sick people, children, remote islands, coastline, small villages, etc. are considered as requirements.
Can citizens with at least two or three of these requirements start evacuation from their homes within five minutes with minimal preparation? Most people have to say that it is impossible. This method was devised to shorten the evacuation time.

In addition, after the Great East Japan Earthquake, evacuation methods have not been developed for burying damage due to debris flow in Izu Oshima and storm surge damage caused by a typhoon that hit Leyte Island in the Philippines.
Thus, development of shelters and the like that protect human lives from natural disasters that are characteristic in recent years is required.

  If there were emergency shelters for evacuation at home or other nearby places, many people could have been saved from the tsunami and debris flow. With this background, we decided to develop this shelter.

JP 2003-20663 A

In the conventional common sense, a method in which a concrete shelter body made of concrete is buried underground. In addition, there was almost only one entrance and there was a risk that it was impossible to escape in an emergency. Also, the underground type has a problem in the method of taking in oxygen.

There are two types of shelters currently on the market. One is a floating type. Certainly the risk of drowning in a tsunami has been reduced, but once you get on the tide and go out to the open ocean, it is not easily discovered. If the tsunami occurs at midnight, it is assumed that the search will not be carried out until early in the morning. The other is an underground type and completely sealed. Although the risk of drowning is also considerably reduced, oxygen can only be secured for 6 to 8 hours even when an oxygen cylinder and a carbon dioxide adsorption cleaner are used in combination. If you cannot escape from the shelter or take in outside air by then, you will die due to lack of oxygen in the shelter. The present invention has been devised to solve all such problems.

A shelter dock (2) equipped with foundation concrete (8), one or more watertight doors (7) and one or more escape hatches (4) installed on the ground, within which one or more A shelter body (1) equipped with a waterproof hatch (5) and a shelter dock (2) equipped with a platform (3) inside the shelter dock (2). A disaster prevention evacuation shelter according to claim 1, further comprising a stop (15), and an internal ladder (11) connected from the floor surface to the upper part inside the shelter dock (2). The shelter shelter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer periphery of the shelter body (1) has an inner wing (19) and an interior of the shelter dock (2). The disaster prevention evacuation shelter according to claim 1, further comprising a bracket (20) equipped to receive the shelter body (1), and an escape entrance foundation (44) on the ground part. A disaster prevention evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an escape entrance (33) assembled to ensure escape.

  The present invention devised a shelter body 1 to be installed inside a concrete structure or the like. The shelter body made of glass fiber, carbon fiber, Kepler fiber, reinforced plastic, concrete, or metal lightweight material was used in the factory to produce a finished product or a semi-finished product. About a shape, it is set as the range which can be considered as the physical property of a lightweight material, such as a cube, a cylinder, and a polyhedron.

  Moreover, the shelter dock 2 equipped with the waterproof door 7 for an entrance and the escape hatch 4 for escaping by itself was arranged on the ground.

  The shelter body 1 was assumed to be relatively small in size. Assuming a capacity of about 1 to 30 people, the volume is also 1.0 to 40 m3.

The reason for making many small shelters is that it is impossible for all nearby shelters to be escaped by rubble.

Considering the examples of the East Japan Earthquake, it is better to assume that the arrival of the Self-Defense Forces, fire brigade, police, etc. will take at least 24 hours. Even if it arrives early and starts searching, it will be an inefficient action to look for in the dark clouds in the early days when there are few clues.

However, victims who have successfully escaped from a small shelter have a better understanding of the local situation than anyone else, so the approach to rescue activities is quicker.

  This method also requires a short construction time on site. In particular, even if it is installed in a small island on the coast or in the coastline, it is not necessary to prepare a large construction machine, so the speed of diffusion can be expected. In the near future, it will be able to spread to the zero-meter zone around the world.

Another advantage is that the construction work can be started at personal expense without waiting for government assistance. It will be possible to increase the spread rate in the future.

Longitudinal sectional view of the present invention Vertical sectional view of the present invention when submerged Longitudinal section after tsunami withdrawal of the present invention Longitudinal sectional view with wing and bracket of the present invention Longitudinal sectional view of the present invention (1) Front view of wing (2) Longitudinal sectional view of bracket and wing Watertight door of the present invention (1) Front view (2) Longitudinal section Waterproof hatch of the present invention (1) Longitudinal sectional view (2) Plan view Longitudinal sectional view of the escape entrance equipment of the present invention Longitudinal sectional view at the time of escape of the escape entrance equipment of the present invention

  The description of FIG. 1 will be given. The foundation concrete 8 installed on the ground surface is in close contact with the PC pile 9 placed in the underground. The PC pile 9 uses a thing of (PHI) 100-600mm. The number to be used is determined by the bearing capacity of the ground through a boring survey. The foundation concrete 8 has a role as a part of the joint with the PC pile and the shelter dock 2. Generally, Portland cement is used, but if it is close to the coast and easily damaged by salt damage, blast furnace cement type B or the like is used so that it can be maintained for a long time. Deformed reinforcing bars are arranged inside, and JIS standards are used. If the deformed reinforcing bar has a surface coated with a resin or the like and has a predetermined strength, it is actively used.

The shelter dock 2 uses substantially the same material for the walls and ceiling as the base concrete 8. The wall thickness was 200-500 mm. This was based on the structure of the remaining buildings despite being swept away by the tsunami during the Great East Japan Earthquake. Also, fiber concrete, which is advantageous for long-term maintenance, is actively used if a predetermined strength is obtained.

  About the platform 3, it is attached to the upper part inside the shelter dock 2, and is an important part at the time of escape. There is no problem if it can be easily escaped from the watertight door 7. However, it is predicted that the watertight door 7 cannot be opened due to debris caused by tsunami or earth and sand caused by debris flow. At that time, the inner ladder 11 is used to run up to the platform 3. Using the platform 3 as a foothold, the escape hatch 4 is opened to escape to the outdoors. The materials used are steel, resin fibers, etc., which are manufactured at the factory.

  The position where the platform 3 is installed is selected so that it can be raised to the maximum based on the buoyancy calculation of the shelter dock 2 and the shelter body 1. It was decided to secure. In this embodiment, the shelter dock 2 is assumed to be a cube or a rectangular parallelepiped. A panel-shaped product manufactured in the factory is fixed to each of the four side surfaces.

The structure of the shelter body 1 will be described. When chemical fibers are used, those having a specific gravity of 0.8 to 2.6 are used. In the case of a metal, a material having a specific gravity of 1.75 to 7.80 is used for the outer and inner shelter bodies. The thickness of the chemical fiber material after liquid resin processing is set to 1.2 to 9.0 mm. The thickness of the metal material is 1.0 to 9.0 mm. When made of concrete, the concrete had a specific gravity of 0.6 to 2.35 g / cm ³ .
Moreover, the composition of the material of the shelter body 1 was devised as a composite form in which the outside is made of a metal material and the inside is made of a resin material. Concrete materials were also used to form a composite structure.

  In addition, the shelter body 1 has a single-layer or double-layer structure, and a space between the inside and the outside is provided with a partition wall so as to have a ballast tank structure for obtaining buoyancy. In addition, when the shelter body 1 is unfortunately exposed from the ground, it can float while maintaining horizontal balance by buoyancy. In order to expose the shelter body 1, a honeycomb structure shock absorber is attached to the inside of the intermediate layer. The middle layer becomes a heat insulation layer and can be effective when evacuating in cold regions.

The size of the shelter body 1 is converted as a required space of 1.5 m ³ per person. The general family will accommodate four people. The four people × 1 .5m3 = 6 .0m ^3. The internal size is 1.5m wide, 1.5m high, and 2.7m long. The size of the shelter body can be changed according to conditions such as existing buildings and capacity. Since the oxygen capacity in the shelter has only about 30 minutes of oxygen respiration, oxygen is supplied from an oxygen cylinder installed in advance. Since oxygen cylinders vary depending on conditions such as the number of people accommodated, children, and adults, a capacity for staying in the shelter for 12 hours is secured.

  The width stopper 15 will be described. This is to ensure a state close to the center of the shelter dock 2 when the shelter body 1 is lifted by buoyancy. It was devised so that the waterproof hatch 5 can be opened without hindrance when raised to the maximum. If the levitation is biased in either direction within the shelter dock 2, it will hinder the opening and closing of the waterproof hatch 5, and this is to prevent it.

  Although the waterproof door 6 is displayed on the drawing so as to be mounted in the embodiment, since the weight of the waterproof door is about 250 kg, there is a possibility that the shelter body 1 cannot secure the water level and rise. Therefore, it is necessary to consider based on the total weight of the shelter body 1. If there is no hindrance to the horizontal ascent, the waterproof door 6 was installed.

The description of FIG. 2 will be given. This is a cross-sectional view when a tsunami occurs. If the watertight door 7 is damaged,
It is assumed that seawater or the like has entered the shelter dock 2. Immerse it in seawater up to the 13th submerged space. However, air is secured in the escape space 12. The shelter body 1 can rise to an altitude at which it is transferred to the platform 3 by using buoyancy. Based on the experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake, the third wave of the tsunami withdrew approximately 12 hours later. It is necessary for the shelter dock 2 to remain in the shelter body 1 or the shelter dock 2 for about 12 hours during which the shelter dock 2 is submerged. A space obtained by subtracting the margin space 14 from the escape space 12 is a space where the escape work can be performed by going up to the platform 3.

The explanation of FIG. 3 will be given. This is an example when the tsunami finally withdrew. This is a case where the seawater level has risen significantly due to land subsidence and the influence of a great tide, and the shelter dock 2 has been submerged due to intrusion of seawater. The shelter body 1 can be lifted up to the immediate vicinity of the platform 3 by buoyancy. In such a case, it is possible to transfer to the platform 3 only by opening the waterproof hatch 5 provided in the shelter body 1. Further, even if the shelter body 1 cannot be raised to the maximum, it is possible to run up to the platform 3 using the internal ladder 11.

After opening the escape hatch 4, it is possible to escape to the top of the shelter dock 2. Depending on the sea level, the external ladder 16 can be used to board a lifeboat. In the examples, it was assumed that the height of the shelter dock 2 was about 6 m, but no examples of submergence and land subsidence of 6 m or more in the Great East Japan Earthquake have been reported.

  The explanation of FIG. 4 will be given. When only the width stopper 15 is attached to the shelter body 1, the suspension position of the shelter body 1 is changed depending on the level of water submerged in the shelter dock 2. In the case where the tsunami cannot escape from the watertight door 7 after the withdrawal, the escape hatch 4 is opened via the platform 3 and then exited. However, when the person evacuated to the shelter body 1 is an elderly person, a physically handicapped person, a visually handicapped person or the like, it is very dangerous to climb the internal ladder 11 by himself / herself. Invented to avoid this danger.

  On the outside of the shelter body 1, a wing 19 that can move about 90 ° is provided. A plurality of brackets 20 are provided on the inner wall of the shelter dock 2. In the embodiment, the wing 19 and the bracket 20 are attached to the four side surfaces, and are attached in the vertical direction and in a plurality of stages. The reason for this is that even when the wing 19 and the bracket 20 cannot be lifted in a horizontal state, the wing 19 and the bracket 20 are obliquely engaged with each other so that they can be stopped at the top. In the implementation stage, when the wings 19 and the brackets 20 having a plurality of steps are not required, it can be reduced at any time.

5 (1) and (2) will be described.
The wing 19 is fixed to the shelter body 1 by a base plate 26 and a side plate 25. The movement is controlled by a control plate 24 for restricting the movable range. When the wing 19 rises, it slides on the surface of the strut 21 and when it is lifted, it is returned to the horizontal direction by the force of the spring 27. Thereafter, even if the water level inside the shelter dock 2 falls, the shelter body 1 does not fall downward.

Details of the watertight door 7, the waterproof door 6, and the waterproof hatch 5 will be described with reference to FIG. The door is integrated by being joined by a hinge 36 to a door rod 35 embedded in the concrete by installation in a factory or on-site construction. The door bracket 37 welded to the door rod 35 is made of steel and has a size that can be sufficiently fixed in the concrete wall of the shelter dock 2. The door claw 42 is opened and closed by turning the inner handle 38 or the outer handle 39 at the center of the door left and right. The elliptical plate 41 integrated with the rotating shaft 40 moves the skew plate 42 up and down by rotating, and the force moves the parallel plate 43 up and down. The claw 42 fixed to the parallel plate 43 moves up and down or left and right around the rotating hardware 43. The door claw 42 has a V-shape and rotates around the rotating hardware 43. This operation ensures the opening and closing operation of the hatch. The door was a steel iron plate with a thickness of 5 to 20 mm. The door rod 35 has a load-bearing structure that can be adapted to the structural strength of the watertight door 7. The external handle 39 can be easily attached and detached. It was devised not to be destroyed by rubble when the tsunami arrives. The end of the rotating shaft 40 was machined into a hexagon or the like, and the receiving side of the external handle was also hexagonal.

From FIG. 7, it has also been devised that the escape hatch 4 can be changed to a combination of a steel plate that fits and fits with a heel. The structure is such that the steel plate can be removed from the platform 3 using a tool such as a screwdriver. The movable hatch would be expensive to manufacture, and it was devised so that the opening could be secured only during escape.

The steel plate 29 and the hatch 30 were comprised, and the watertight packing 31 was pinched | interposed with the stainless steel volt | bolt 34 between them, and watertightness was ensured. The steel plate 29 was made of iron or stainless steel and had a thickness of 5 to 20 mm. The hatch 30 is also made of steel, and what was manufactured in the factory was embedded in the concrete. The stainless steel bolt 34 was made of stainless steel, and the outer diameter of the bolt was about φ10 to 40 mm.

The description of FIG. 8 will be given. The invention was devised for tsunami countermeasures and debris flow countermeasures. However, when damage caused by debris flow is not expected at all, it was devised to install the burial depth of the shelter dock 2 in the ground. The reason for this is to construct a little advantage to counter the mechanical moment from the lateral direction caused by the tsunami. Moreover, if the N value of the site ground is secured, the PC pile can be omitted. As a result, the total construction cost can be reduced.

Moreover, the escape entrance 33 can be equipped by restricting the height on the ground.
The escape entrance 33 is made of heavy steel H steel, round steel, square steel, or the like as a bowl. It works to prevent the escape hatch 4 from being blocked by the earthquake debris. The escape entrance base 44 sandwiches the shock absorber 17 at the contact portion with the shelter dock 2. The reason is to reduce the mechanical influence on the shelter dock 2 when receiving a moment force in the lateral direction caused by the tsunami. The shock absorbing material 17 uses foamed urethane or the like.

  From FIG. 9, it is impossible to open all the escape hatches 4 and the watertight doors 7 due to the inflow of water for several hours to 12 hours after being submerged by the tsunami. However, after that, you can try to escape by yourself. Even if the escape debris cannot escape on its own, if the escape hatch 4 and the watertight door 7 are free, oxygen for survival can be secured. Even if one of the hatches is opened even if it is buried in the earthquake rubble, you can earn time until external rescue.

  If production is expanded overseas, human lives can be protected not only from tsunami disasters but also from disasters such as storm surges and debris flows. It is a very effective invention for spreading in developing countries such as remote islands in Asia, Africa and the Pacific. The present invention is considered to be a construction method that saves the majority of human lives in the world since the 21st century.

1 Shelter body
2 Shelter Dock 3 Platform 4 Escape Hatch 5 Waterproof Hatch 6 Waterproof Door 7 Watertight Door 8 Foundation Concrete 9 PC Pile 10 Base 11 Internal Ladder 12 Escape Space 13 Submerged Space 14 Spacious Space
15 Width Stop 16 External Ladder 17 Shock Absorber 18 Building Stair 19 Wing 20 Bracket 21 Strut 22 Bolt 23 Rotating Pin 24 Control Plate 25 Side Plate 26 Base Plate 27 Spring 28 Spring Presser 29 Steel Plate 30 Hatch 31 31 Water-tight Packing 32 Muscle Mistake 33 Escape entrance 34 Stainless steel bolt 35 Door rod 36 Hinge 37 Door bracket 38 Internal handle 39 External handle 40 Rotating shaft 41 Elliptical plate 42 Door claw 43 Rotating hardware 44 Escape entrance foundation

Claims (5)

A shelter dock (2) equipped with foundation concrete (8), one or more watertight doors (7) and one or more escape hatches (4) installed on the ground, within which one or more A shelter body (1) equipped with a waterproof hatch (5) and an emergency shelter shelter equipped with a platform (3) on the inner upper part of the shelter dock (2) . The shelter body according to claim 1, wherein the shelter body (1) is equipped with a width stop (15) . 3. The disaster prevention evacuation shelter according to claim 1, further comprising an internal ladder (11) connected from the floor surface to the upper part inside the shelter dock (2) . The outer periphery of the shelter body (1) is equipped with a wing (19) used for ascent and a bracket (20) equipped to receive the shelter body (1) inside the shelter dock (2). The disaster prevention evacuation shelter according to claim 1 to 3 . When exiting from the platform (3) via the escape hatch (4) to the rooftop part of the shelter dock (2), an escape space can be secured above and the escape entrance foundation (underground) The disaster prevention evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an escape entrance (33) installed at an upper portion of 44).

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