JP6514917B2 - shelter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a shelter that protects evacuees from tsunamis or floods.

  The Great East Japan Earthquake indicates that when a huge earthquake occurs and a huge tsunami occurs, the tsunami will travel deep inland and destroy homes and be taken away, and those who can not evacuate to high ground will be the victims of the tsunami.

  Conventionally, evacuation shelters for emergencies such as tsunamis and floods, for example, have a shelter main body having an inside as an evacuation room, an evacuation port with a sealable door capable of guiding an evacuation person to the evacuation room, an evacuation port and evacuation Evacuation shelters for emergency situations such as tsunamis and floods that have evacuation routes that communicate between rooms, and even if evacuation doors are divided in the height direction and multiple evacuation outlets are closed, It is configured to be able to evacuate through the exit on the higher side. Evacuees can evacuate to an evacuation room installed underground through an evacuation route (see Patent Document 1).

  However, in the conventional shelter including Patent Document 1, the evacuation port must be closed and sealed. For this reason, when a huge tsunami comes in, there is a risk that seawater may flow into the underground evacuation room unless the evacuation port is closed and sealed before then. On the other hand, if the psychology which tries to close the evacuation opening works and it closes early, there is a possibility that the evacuees who are left behind without being put in the shelter may occur.

  Therefore, one of the inventors proposed a shelter in which an evacuation floor is provided at a position higher than the upper end of the evacuation port using residual air remaining in the internal space of the airtight structure (see Patent Document 2). As a result, the evacuation port does not have to be closed, and evacuees can escape into the shelter until just before the tsunami arrives.

JP, 2013-234556, A Utility Model Registration No. 3188958

However, if the tsunami is not so large, the water surface of the inner space will not be much higher than the upper end of the evacuation port, but for example, in a huge tsunami with a height of 5 m or more (sometimes 30 m or more), the water surface inside the shelter is the evacuation port There is a problem that it becomes considerably higher than the upper end of the
In addition, when the pressure in the remaining space is, for example, 1.3 or more, there is a problem that the evacuees may suffer from health damage.

  The present invention has been made to solve the problems as described above, and it is a first object of the present invention to provide a shelter that can ensure the safety of life even with a huge tsunami by utilizing residual air. Secondly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a shelter capable of automatically closing the evacuation port and the door of the evacuation room so that the residual air pressure does not increase.

  In order to solve the above problems, the shelter 1 according to the first aspect of the present invention is, for example, a shelter 1 for evacuating from a tsunami or a flood as shown in FIG. The interior space 10 is a space surrounded by a material having elasticity and pressure resistance, and water can flow into the interior space 10 from the evacuation port 9, the height of the tsunami is H (m), the pressure of the residual air Where N = 1 + H / 10 => 1.1 (atmospheric pressure), and the volume above the upper end of the evacuation port 9 in the internal space 10 is V, and is higher than the height at which the volume is V / N from the highest position in the internal space 10 An evacuation floor 12 is provided at the position.

  Here, airtightness means impervious to gas and liquid, and pressure resistance means, for example, a 50 m high tsunami that breaks when it receives a water pressure of 6 bar absolute pressure (5 atm gauge pressure). It means not to be damaged. Moreover, as a material which has airtightness and pressure resistance, reinforced concrete, FRP (fiber-reinforced plastic) etc. are mentioned, for example. Further, residual air refers to air remaining in the space above the water surface when water flows into the internal space and the space above the water surface in the internal space is separated from the atmosphere. In addition, refuge floor means floor to ride on so that evacuees do not get soaked in water. Further, the evacuation floor may not necessarily be fixed to the shelter body, and may be a floor floating in water as in the sixth embodiment. Also, the floor is not limited to wooden, and may be made of plastic, for example. Further, the pressure N of the residual air is determined according to the height H of the tsunami and the height of the inner space 10 of the shelter. Here, N => 1.1 at absolute pressure, but if a large tsunami is predicted, it is possible to design the height of the evacuation floor as N => 2, 3, 4 etc. . Further, in the present specification, the unit of pressure is based on normal pressure (atmospheric pressure). That is, one atmospheric pressure is 1 atm (0.1013 hPa). Hereinafter, pressure refers to absolute pressure unless otherwise specified. Also, although the height from the mean tide level may be used approximately as the height H of the tsunami in the above equation (Equation (1)), the height from the water surface of the inner space to the wave front of the tsunami Accuracy increases with the use of (see Figure 4). However, the difference can be ignored in the case of a large tsunami that is quite high compared to the height of shelter shelter from the ground. Further, the reason why the pressure is set to 1.1 atmospheric pressure or more is that the present application makes it clear that there is a novel feature in utilizing residual air in the internal space. Therefore, for example, the pressure may be 1.05 atmospheres or more and 1.2 atmospheres or more.

If it comprises like this aspect, since the refuge floor 12 is provided in the position higher than the height of the water surface 31 (refer FIG. 4) assumed in the interior space 10 with respect to a tsunami, a human life can be salvaged. In addition, since the evacuation port 9 is not closed, the evacuees can rush to the evacuation port 9 and evacuate until the moment when the tsunami gets over the shelter. In addition, if you build a shelter near your address or work place, you can save your life by running into the shelter without having to run to the height.

  Further, shelters 1C1 to 1C3 according to the second aspect of the present invention are shelters 1C1 to 1C3 for evacuating from a tsunami or a flood as shown in FIG. A space surrounded by a material having air tightness and pressure resistance is used as the inner space 10, 10A; the door 20A, 20B, 20D or the inner side of the evacuation port 9 in order to maintain the air pressure of the inner space below 1.3 atm. In the door 20C of the entrance to the evacuation room 34B surrounded by the airtight and pressure-resistant material provided in the space 10, the difference between the water pressure outside the door 20C and the air pressure inside the door 20C is used The door 20A-20C which can be closed automatically using the rise or the surface of the water.

  Here, "automatic" means not requiring manual operation or human operation. In this embodiment, hydraulic power is used to enable automatic closing even when electricity is shut off. Of course, if power can be used, it is also possible to detect water by a sensor at the evacuation port and electrically close the door. You may use both hydropower and electricity. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the door is used for the automatic closing of the door, the door is kept closed in the state of pressure difference, and after the tsunami is pulled, the pressure difference disappears automatically, The door will return to a state where it can be opened easily. In the case of using the rise of the water surface, the water surface descends after the tsunami is pulled, so the door automatically returns to the open state or the state where it can be opened easily. Further, in the example in which the evacuation floor 12E of the sixth embodiment floats on water and the floor elevation stopping portion 59 is used, it can be said that the evacuation floor 12E is a door.

In the shelter 1B2 according to the third aspect of the present invention, in the first or second aspect, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, a normal pressure chamber 34 is provided in the internal space 10.
With this configuration, by providing the normal pressure chamber, sick persons, old people, and children who are weak in health can be admitted to the normal pressure chamber, released from the high pressure state, and health damage can be suppressed.

  When configured as in this embodiment, by automatically closing the door, the air pressure in the internal space or the evacuation room can be maintained at a value close to the normal pressure, and health problems such as tinnitus that occur under high pressure (including health problems) Can prevent the health damage to the sick, old people, children, etc. In addition, since there is no need to manually close the door, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of trouble due to panic, such as a delay in escape of a displaced person due to forgetting to close or closing prematurely.

In the shelter 1E according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, an internal space 10 is provided adjacent to the dike 60 or inside the dike 60 in any of the first to third aspects.
With this configuration, it is possible to construct a stable shelter that does not shift or tilt due to the tsunami by using the solid structure of the dike.

In the shelter according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in any of the first to third aspects, an internal space is provided adjacent to a school building of a school or inside a pile in a school.
With this configuration, shelters are provided inside the school, allowing school children and students to evacuate quickly and save the lives of school children and students.

In the shelter according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in any of the first to third aspects, a warehouse, a bicycle parking lot, a tearoom, a gymnasium, a conference room or a nightroom are provided in the shelter.
With this configuration, the shelter can be used within a range that does not interfere with evacuation.

  In addition, the shelter 1 according to the seventh aspect of the present invention is, in any of the first to sixth aspects, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, an underground 2 for fixing the shelter 1 in the ground; A floor portion 3 integrally formed with the intermediate gear 2, a pair of end wall portions 4 integrally formed with the floor portion 3 at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the floor portion 3 and extending upward, and a pair of end walls A portion integrally formed with the portion 4 and extending upward from the floor portion 3 and extending downward to the ground is integrally formed with the sea-side side wall portion 5 serving as an anchor and the pair of end wall portions 4 A land side wall 6 extending upward from the floor 3 and extending downward to the ground as anchors; a pair of end walls 4; a sea side sidewall 5; and an upper end of the land side wall 6 And an evacuation port 9 is provided at the height of the ground substantially at the ground side wall 5, and the interior space 1 is provided. Refers to a space surrounded by the floor 3, the pair of end walls 4, the sea side wall 5, the land side wall 6 and the ceiling 8, and the square 11 is exposed to the evacuation port 9 of the floor 3. Provided with lifting means 18 and 19 for moving the evacuation person from the square 11 to the evacuation floor 12.

  Here, the term “integrally” is ideally formed continuously without being cut with the same material in the connecting portion, but here it is sufficient if airtightness can be maintained. For example, the airtightness may be maintained by bonding the same material with a strong adhesive. In addition, as the raising means, the stairs 18, ladders or slopes 19 etc. can be used, but if a power source is provided, a gondola or the like may be used to electrically raise the evacuees.

  When configured as in this embodiment, a strong and airtight shelter 1 can be configured. In addition, with this configuration, if a warning is issued that calls for evacuation to a safe place where a large tsunami is expected due to the occurrence of a huge earthquake, evacuees and wheelchair users enter the open space 11 from the evacuation port 9 Furthermore, it escapes from the open space 11 through the stairs 18 and ladders or slopes 19 onto the evacuation floor 12. Since the evacuation port 9 does not close, the evacuees can rush to the evacuation port 9 and evacuate until the moment when the tsunami gets over the shelter 1.

The shelter 1G according to the eighth aspect of the present invention is, for example, a shelter 1G for preventing water from flowing into the garage 70 as shown in FIG. It is provided with shelter doors 73 and 73A that expand downward from the ceiling and press against the side walls and floor surface or expand upward from the floor and press against the side walls to prevent water from entering the garage 70.
With this configuration, it is possible to prevent water from flowing into the garage 70 during floods or heavy rains.

  According to the present invention, firstly, by using residual air, it is possible to provide a shelter capable of securing the safety of life even with a huge tsunami. Second, it is possible to provide a shelter that can automatically close the evacuation door and the door of the evacuation room so that the residual air pressure does not increase.

FIG. 2 is a plan view and a perspective view of a shelter in Embodiment 1. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of an essential part of the shelter in the first embodiment. It is a principal part horizontal sectional view of the III-III line in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the sea level in a shelter. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of a shelter in which the refuge floor in Example 1 is high. It is a figure for demonstrating the sea level in the shelter of the aspect which the cross section of the height direction is wide in the lower one, and narrow in the upper part in the interior space of a shelter. FIG. 13 is a view schematically showing a configuration in which a normal pressure chamber is provided in the shelter in the second embodiment. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the door in Example 3. FIG. FIG. 16 schematically shows the structure of a door in a fourth embodiment. FIG. 16 schematically shows the configuration of the outlet in Example 5. FIG. 16 schematically shows a configuration of an evacuation floor floating on the water surface in a sixth embodiment. FIG. 21 schematically shows the configuration of the evacuation port in Example 7; FIG. 18 is a schematic view showing a cross section of a shelter utilizing a dike in Example 8; FIG. 21 schematically shows a cross section of a shelter in a building in Example 10. FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a shelter using a garage in Example 12.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The same or corresponding parts in the respective embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.

  In Example 1, although the evacuation port is always open, the example of the shelter which can evacuate safely even if a water surface rises in interior space is demonstrated.

  1 to 3 show shelters of the one floor type. FIG. 1 is a plan view and a perspective view of a shelter 1 in the present embodiment. FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view, and FIG. 1 (b) is a perspective view of a part of one building. Three shelters 1 are installed along the coastline. As shown in Fig. 1, if the long direction of shelter 1 is constructed at right angles to the direction in which the tsunami comes in, it also serves as a tsunami breakwater to reduce the inward progression of the tsunami when the tsunami comes. It will be borne.

  In addition, after advancing to the back side beyond shelter 1, a tsunami returning to the sea passes between the shelter and the shelter 1. For this reason, since the seawater does not stay on the land side longer than the shelter 1, the seawater filled in the square flows out of the evacuation port 9 several minutes after the tsunami hits. Therefore, the evacuees who have evacuated in the shelter 1 and the users of the wheelchair can escape from the evacuation port 9. In addition, since the flow of tsunami returning between the shelters 1 toward the sea is fast, if the floats such as driftwood and ships can pass through, the floats strongly collide with the shelter 1 and the shelter 1 It can prevent being destroyed. In addition, it is possible to prevent the floating matter from depositing and blocking the evacuation port 9 and the evacuation port 15.

  According to the shelter according to the present embodiment, since it is constructed on the coastline, it can be constructed in an area where there is no hill near the coastline where evacuation from the big tsunami can occur in a short time, and can be criticized within the evacuation time of the big tsunami. It is useful. The size of the shelter should be decided according to the number of residents evacuated.

  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the shelter 1 taken along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the shelter 1 taken along a horizontal plane. The shelter 1 has an internal space 10 which is a space surrounded by a building material having airtightness and pressure resistance, and includes an evacuation port 9 communicating with the internal space 10. Even if a tsunami is approaching, the evacuation port 9 can be evacuated through the evacuation port 9 until just before the evacuation port 9 is opened to suffer the tsunami.

  The shelter 1 comprises a ground pile 2, a floor portion 3 integral with the ground pile 2, and a pair of end wall portions 4 (4A, 4B) rising integrally with the floor portion 3 at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the floor portion 3. A plurality of intermediate wall portions 7 which stand between the pair of end wall portions 4A and 4B and stand up integrally with the floor portion 3 and a lower end extends to a deeper position in the ground to become an anchor and move closer to the land side as it goes upward The sea side sidewall 5 (which may rise up without inclination) and the lower end of the sea side side wall 5 extend to a deep position in the ground to become an anchor and rise up toward the sea side as it goes upward (inclined (inclined) The land side wall 6 may be raised upward, the ceiling 8 connecting the upper ends of the sea side wall 5 and the land side wall 6 integrally, and the land side wall 6 at a low position Evacuation of required size where floor 3 and floor level almost coincide And a 9.

  The shelter 1 is sufficiently airtight except for the evacuation port 9 by the pair of end wall portions 4 (4A, 4B), the land side wall portion 6, the sea side wall portion 5, and the ceiling portion 8. The interior space 10 is provided. In the shelter 1, the floor 3, the pair of end walls 4, the plurality of intermediate walls 7, the sea side wall 5, the land side wall 6, and the ceiling 8 are integrally connected. The internal space 10 is airtight except for the evacuation port 9 by forming an airtight shield layer on the outer surface or inner surface of the shelter 1 or by kneading in reinforced concrete. The shelter 1 is constructed with attention so as not to form a crack which causes the airtightness in the internal space 10 to be lost even if a large external force is applied due to a large earthquake and a large tsunami.

  Here, for example, gypsum paste or the like can be used as the material of the shield layer or the airtight holding material. Reinforced concrete itself has air tightness, but when it is clogged with a shielding material such as gypsum paste, the air tightness improves. In addition, since the tsunami is drawn for several tens of minutes, there may be a leak such that the residual air decreases by 10% in one hour, for example. However, it is important to be careful not to crack concrete during construction.

The underground pile 2 is made of, for example, reinforced concrete, and is piled into the ground or made by drilling a hole in the ground and arranging concrete and placing it. In addition, the construction in which a pile (concrete pile) is driven down to the bedrock as the underground 2 stabilizes the structure of the shelter and can prevent the displacement and inclination of the shelter when the tsunami pulls.
The floor portion 3 may be made of reinforced concrete, and a precast reinforced concrete plate may be laid on a hard and ground surface, and concrete may be cast by arranging more reinforcement bars on the reinforced concrete plate.

The pair of end wall portions 4 and the plurality of intermediate wall portions 7 are configured as seismic walls. The end wall portion 4 and the intermediate wall portion 7 may be made of reinforced concrete, but it is preferable that a steel frame is assembled and a concrete is formed by forming a rebar.
The sea side wall 5 and the land side wall 6 are integrally formed with the floor 3, the pair of end walls 4, and the plurality of intermediate walls 7, respectively. The sea side wall 5 and the land side wall 6 may be made of reinforced concrete, but a reinforced concrete plate made of precast is erected in an inclined state, and the reinforcement is further distributed to reinforcing bars projecting on the outer surface of the reinforced concrete plate. It is preferable that the concrete be placed after waterproofing.

  The shelter 1 includes a plurality of underground piles 2 extending deep in the ground, a floor surface 3 integrally provided in the underground pile 2, and a sea-side side wall part constructed with the lower end biting deeply into the ground and serving as an anchor. The land side wall 6 and the land side wall 6 have necessary and sufficient strength to prevent collapse without pulling out even if the pressure of the huge tsunami is applied to the sea side wall 5. In addition, it is designed not to collapse even if earth and sand are exposed by pulling waves.

  The intermediate wall 7 is effective to ensure a large strength of the shelter 1. The intermediate wall portion 7 is provided with a passage 7a so that a person can move the internal space 10 from one end to the other end. In this way, communication within the shelter 1 can be achieved, and the anxiety of the evacuees can be reduced.

  If the shelter 1 is a reinforced concrete structure, the strength can be calculated by the amount of rebar used, the amount of cement, and the thickness of the wall, so that the necessary and sufficient collapse resistance can be obtained.

  The evacuation port 9 is opened at the lower part of the land side wall 6 where the heights of the floor 3 and the ground approximately coincide with each other. The evacuation port 9 has, for example, a size that allows a wheelchair user to pass. The evacuation port 9 is provided with a simple entry door 20 for restricting the entry and exit of outsiders and animals during normal times.

  The entrance door 20 may not serve to close the evacuation port 9 airtightly. The entrance door 20 is not equipped with a lock and can be locked easily (not shown) so that it can be easily opened by anyone in an emergency and kept open during evacuation. It is good to have.

  In the interior space 10 of the shelter 1, the floor 11 facing the evacuation port 9 occupies a required area portion of the floor surface portion 3, and in the area excluding the plaza of the interior space 10, the floor surface becomes a required height higher than the upper end of the evacuation port 9. There are provided an evacuation floor 12 provided as described above, a stairs 18 as a rising means for moving a person from the square 11 to the evacuation floor 12, and a slope 19 for moving a wheelchair.

  The open space 11 is very effective if there is a space for receiving, for example, 10 evacuees when there are situations where evacuees enter one after another from the evacuation port 9. The presence of the plaza 11 not only makes it possible to provide the stairs 18 connecting the plaza 11 and the evacuation floor 12, ladders and / or slopes 19, but also places people who are going to evacuate from the evacuation port 9 to the plaza 11 one after another , And guide the people to be evacuated to the evacuation floor 12 through the stairs 18 or the slope 19.

  FIG. 4 is a figure for demonstrating the sea level in the shelter 1 at the time of a tsunami. When the tsunami comes, the water level gradually rises outside of Schulter 1. The periphery of the shelter 1 is covered with an airtight material except for the evacuation port 9. The water surface rises at the same height inside and outside the shelter 1 until the water surface reaches the upper end of the evacuation port 9. When the water surface reaches the upper end of the evacuation port 9, the air in the shelter 1 is separated from the outside air and becomes residual air 30. When the water surface further rises, the water surface 31 inside the shelter 1 becomes lower than the water surface 22 outside. Then, the air pressure at the inner water surface 31 and the water pressure at the same height as the inner water surface 31 become equal. The water pressure on the outside is determined by the water depth. The water pressure increases by 1 atm every time the water depth increases by 10 m.

For example, when the height H (m) of the tsunami is 5 m, 10 m, 20 m and 30 m from the water surface, the water pressure is 1.5 atm, 2 atm, 3 atm and 4 atm respectively. Assuming that the volume above the upper end of the evacuation port 9 in the internal space 10 is V, the volumes of the residual air 30 in the shelter 1 are 2 V / 3, V / 2, V / 3, and V / 4, respectively. The height from the upper end of evacuation port 9 to the ceiling of shelter 1 is h ₀ (m), the height from the upper end of evacuation port 9 to the water surface in shelter 1 is h (m), and the cross-sectional area of shelter 1 is high when it is assumed constant in the direction, volume of 2V / 3 of the residual air 30 in the shelter 1, when the V / 2, V / 3, V / 4 , respectively, the height of the residual air 30 is _2h 0/3 _{, h 0/2, h 0} /3, h 0/4 becomes, h becomes _{h 0/3, h 0 /} 2,2h 0 / 3h 0, 3h 0/4. In this state, the water pressure of the water surface 31 in the shelter 1 at the time of the tsunami and the pressure of the residual air 30 are balanced (equal), and the height of the water surface 31 is determined. Generally, if you balance at N pressure,
N = 1 + H / 10 (Equation 1), and
(H ₀ −h) / h ₀ = 1 / N (Equation 2)
h = h ₀ / (1 + 10 / H) (Equation 3).
When H (m) is 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m from the water surface, h / h ₀ = 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4. Therefore, the height up to 5m tsunami, 10 m, 20 m, when 30m is predicted, the evacuation floor 12, evacuation port height from the upper end of the _{9 h = h 0/3,} h 0 / 2,2h 0 / It may be set to _3, 3 h 0/4 (m) + design margin value Δh (for example, 0.5 m).

  Here, it returns to FIG. 2, FIG. The evacuation floor 12 is provided so as to have a higher level than the boundary surface 31 of the water in the internal space 10 and the residual air, in consideration of the predicted height of the tsunami. For example, a storage warehouse 14 is provided below the evacuation floor 12, and a partition between the storage warehouse 14 and the evacuation floor 12 is waterproofed so that seawater entering the space 11 can not enter the storage warehouse 14. Is preferred. The storage warehouse 14 is provided with stairs 18C (or ladders) through which the evacuees on the evacuation floor 12 can enter and exit. The storage warehouse 14 stores food, water, medical and emergency supplies, lighting and the like.

  The evacuation floor 12 may have a multi-story structure that can move through the stairs 18 and / or the slope 19. In place of the stairs 18, a ladder may be provided. In addition, when power can be used, for example, a box on which two or three people can ride may be powered by the power and carried to the evacuation floor.

  The shelter 1 is provided with a removal port 15 through which a person who has evacuated to the internal space 10 can pass through any of the end wall 4, the sea side wall 5 or the land side wall 6 (see Example 5). The removal port 15 is preferably provided with an airtight door 16 which can be opened by human operation from the inside. The door 16 may be a single door or may be a double door 16 (16A, 16B). With this configuration, the evacuation port 9 is closed with a large amount of rubble and the like, and when the evacuation port 9 can not be escaped, the evacuation person has a fail-safe configuration in which escape from the evacuation port 15 is possible. Evacuees can be given peace of mind. The shelter 1 is provided with a ladder 21 for opening the door 16 and entering the outlet 15 and a ladder 22 for coming down from the outlet 15 in correspondence with the outlet 15. As the double door 16 (16A, 16B), for example, the double door 33 (33A, 33B) of FIG. 10B, the double door 36 (16A, 16B) of FIG.

  The shelter 1 is preferably provided with a driftwood defense fence 13 having an interval at which the wheelchair can pass outside the front of the evacuation port 9. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent driftwood or the like that the tsunami tries to carry out to the sea from blocking the evacuation port 9, and after the tsunami is settled, a person can get out of the evacuation port 9.

  The shelter 1 is not shown in the figure, but as a lighting fixture that illuminates the internal space, a battery or a power supply such as a steering wheel rotary generator automatically charging to a fully charged state, lighting (not shown), lighting and lighting of lighting And a switch (not shown). With this configuration, the evacuation environment is not darkened, it is possible to remove fear and give evacuees peace of mind. Besides, it is good to have a bench, TV, radio etc.

  In addition, the shelter 1 is provided with a supply means (not shown) for supplying oxygen or air. As a supply means, for example, when containers respectively containing hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide are prepared and hydrogen peroxide is poured into manganese dioxide, hydrogen peroxide is decomposed into water and oxygen by catalytic reaction of manganese dioxide, Oxygen is supplied. Also, for example, an oxygen cylinder or an air cylinder can be used. In this way, oxygen or air can be supplied into the shelter 1, so the life of the refugee can be maintained even if the evacuation time is long.

  In this way, by providing food, water, medicines, daily life supplies etc. stockpiles, power supplies, oxygen or air supply means, the evacuees can go on a daily basis for up to several hours after the tsunami comes You can spend a life like life.

  The shelter 1 is preferably provided with stairs (not shown) capable of soiling and planting vegetation on at least one of the sea side wall 5 and the land side wall 6 and capable of climbing on the ceiling 8 . With this configuration, the shelter 1 can be managed while normally planting vegetation, without becoming a structure that has been killed, and it also serves as an observation deck on the coast and so on for the aesthetics of the area.

  FIG. 5 shows an example of a shelter 1A in which the evacuation floor is at a high position as a modification of the first embodiment. That is, the interior space is of the two-floor type. Shelter 1A is provided with refuge floors 12A and 12B on the first and second floors in a high interior space 10, and stairs 18A and 18B and slopes 19A moving from the square 12 to the first floor and from the first floor to the second floor, respectively. , 19B is equipped. It has the exit 15A, 15B (door is 16A, 16B) which can escape to the exterior from the 1st floor and the 2nd floor, respectively. The exit is described in Example 5. Because the evacuation floor is at a high position, it can cope with high tsunami. The other configuration is the same as that of the one-floor type, so the description will be omitted.

  As described above, the shelter according to the present embodiment can provide a shelter that can ensure the safety even in the case of a huge tsunami. As the tsunami breaks, it reduces the inward progress of the tsunami as the tsunami breakwater, and it is possible to evacuate through the evacuation outlet until just before the evacuation port is opened and the tsunami hits, and the tsunami is settled and seawater While returning to the sea, it has the effect of protecting the evacuees from a large tsunami. In addition, it is useful in the area where there is no hill where you can evacuate from the big tsunami in a short time near the coastline, and it is useful as a facility that can be criticized within the evacuation time of the big tsunami.

  The second embodiment shows an example of a configuration in which a normal pressure chamber is provided in a shelter. As the pressure of the residual air increases, the health status of the evacuees is affected. It is said that health abnormalities such as tinnitus come to be seen at over 1.3 barometric pressure. Therefore, a device is required to prevent the air pressure from being increased very much. In this embodiment, an example in which a normal pressure chamber is provided in a high region of the internal space will be described. In addition, you may provide in a low area | region. The cross-sectional area in the height direction of the shelter is wide at the low end and narrow at the high end except for the atmospheric pressure chamber. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the part which overlaps with the above-mentioned Example, and a different part is mainly demonstrated (the same may be said of the subsequent examples).

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the water surface 31 in the shelter 1B1 in a mode in which the internal space of the shelter 1B1 is wide in the lower cross section in the height direction and narrow in the high cross. When the pressure of the residual air (the same as the water pressure outside the shelter at the same height as the water surface 31 which is the boundary between the residual air and the inflowing water) is N atmospheric pressure, the volume of the residual air becomes 1 / N of the original volume. For this reason, when the cross-sectional area in the height direction of the shelter is wide at the low side and narrow at the high side, the water surface is smaller than when the cross-sectional area is uniform (shown by the broken line in FIG. 6). It gets lower. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the cross-sectional area in the height direction of the internal space 10 is 1.5 times the height at the lower part, and the height of the lower part (above the upper end of the evacuation port 9) and the height when _{h 1,} respectively, when N = 2 atm, the cross-sectional area of the inner space 10 height volume is halved in (evacuation port 9 above the top) _{h (1/2)} is _5h 1/6, and the low-income and h _1/6 lower volume are equal cross-sectional area of the altitude is compared to h ₁ is a height halved. If the height direction of the cross-sectional area of the inner space 10 is twice the altitude at low place, h _1/4 lower. As described above, the effect of lowering the water surface 31 becomes clear when the lower part is formed 1.5 times or more wider than the high part. The reason for 1.5 times or more is because the water surface drop becomes clear. If it makes more than 2 times and 3 times or more, the water surface fall will become clearer. Therefore, when it is desired to keep the water surface low, the configuration of the present embodiment is effective.

  The structure which provides a normal pressure chamber in shelter 1 B2 in Example 2 in FIG. 7 is shown typically. Here, an example in which the normal pressure chamber 34 is provided in the higher side of the internal space 10 is shown. The normal pressure room is an evacuation room which is a space surrounded by materials having air tightness and pressure resistance. The normal pressure chamber 34 is constructed on the evacuation floor 12C. The normal pressure chamber is surrounded by a material having air tightness and pressure resistance and is spatially separated from the internal space 10, so it is not included in the internal space 10. Therefore, the height of the water surface 31 in the internal space 10 of the shelter 1B2 is lower than the case where the cross-sectional area is uniform, as in the case of the shelter 1B1 of FIG. When the height H of the tsunami is high, the water pressure at the water surface 31 and the pressure of the residual air 30 become high. It will be 4 atm at a tsunami height of 30m. Since diving is usually 10 to 20 m and sports diving is performed to 40 m, it seems that there is no problem for sportsmen even if the water depth is 30 m. However, it is said that abnormal to the body such as tinnitus can be felt at 1.3 atm. Therefore, it is desirable for a sick person, an old man, and a child to prepare and use an atmospheric pressure room 34 in preparation for a large tsunami. Also, the normal pressure chamber 34 is maintained at normal pressure (1 atm) regardless of the pressure in the residual air region. When the internal space 10 is at normal pressure before the tsunami reaches, the sick, old people, children and attendants are put in and the door 36 (36A, 36B) of the entrance 35 is sealed. Then, after the tsunami is pulled, the door 36 is opened when the internal space 10 returns to normal pressure so that sick persons, old people, children and attendants can go out.

  The door of the inlet 35 to the normal pressure chamber 34 may be a single door as described above, but it is more preferable to use a double door 36. As a first door (a door on the inner space 10 side) 36A and a second door (a door on the normal pressure chamber 34) 36B, for example, a rotatable single-opening door shown in FIG. 10A is used. The first door 36A opens to the inner space 10 side, and the second door 36B opens to the space 39 side between the double doors 36. The peripheral portion of the first door 36A is convex toward the space 39 between the double doors 36, and the inlet 35 is formed concave in the peripheral portion. The peripheral portion of the second door 36A is convex toward the normal pressure chamber 34, and the entrance is formed concave in the peripheral portion. The peripheries of the first door 36A and the second door 36B are pressed against the peripheries of the respective inlets 35, and the normal pressure chamber 34 is airtightly held by the double door 36. In this case, the space 39 between the double doors 36 is connected, for example, with the internal space 10 by a pipe (not shown), and the air pressure is adjusted by an on-off valve or a pump (not shown). The space 39 between the double doors 35 has the same pressure as the residual air 30 so that it can enter and leave the internal space 10 side, and can be normal pressure so that it can enter and exit the normal pressure chamber 34 side. Then, even after the arrival of the tsunami and the pressure of the residual air 30 rises, sick persons, old people, children and attendants can be put into the normal pressure chamber 34. The intake and exhaust of the pump are taken in and out of the residual air 30 side so as not to affect the normal pressure chamber 34 side.

  When the internal space 10 is at normal pressure, the first door 35A and the second door 35B are opened to keep the normal pressure chamber 34 at normal pressure (1 atmospheric pressure). After that, the first door 36A and the second door 36B are closed. In order for the evacuees to enter the normal pressure chamber 34 from the evacuation floor 12C with the residual air 30 in the internal space 10, the inside of the internal space 10 can be easily inserted at normal pressure. After the pressure of the residual air rises, for example, the on-off valve of the pipe connecting between the internal space 10 and the double door 36 is opened to make the pressure between the double door 36 the same as the residual air 30, and the first door 36A is opened, the evacuees enter between the double doors 36, then the on-off valve is closed, and the air between the double doors 36 is pumped to the residual air side to make a normal pressure. Then, the second door 36B is opened, and the evacuees enter the normal pressure chamber 34. Next, when the open / close valve is opened to make the space 39 between the double doors 35 an intermediate pressure between the residual air and the normal pressure, the first door 36A is pressed to the space 39 side between the double doors 36, The door 2 is pressed against the normal pressure chamber 34, and the normal pressure chamber 34 is kept airtight. Since the internal space 10 becomes normal pressure after the tsunami is pulled, if the space 39 between the double door 36 is opened by opening the on-off valve, the first door 36A and the second door 36B will be normal pressure chambers. It is easily opened from the 34 side, and the evacuees go out to the evacuation floor 12 C of the internal space 10.

  According to the present embodiment, the cross-sectional area in the height direction of the shelter and the configuration other than the door 36 of the inlet 35 to the normal pressure chamber 34 are the same as in the first embodiment. Can provide shelters that can Further, by providing the normal pressure chamber 34, it is possible to prevent the evacuees from suffering health problems.

  In the third embodiment, a shelter that can automatically close the evacuation door or the entrance door of the evacuation room so that the pressure of the residual air does not increase in the shutter using the residual air will be described.

  The structure of the door of the evacuation port in a present Example is roughly shown in FIG. FIG. 8A shows an example of a rotary door 20A using a float, and FIG. 8B shows an example of a sliding door 20B using a float. FIG.8 (c) is a figure for demonstrating the slide to the up-down direction of the sliding door 20B. FIG. 8 (d) shows another example of a rotary door 20D using a float. In this embodiment, an example will be described in which the door is automatically closed before the pressure in the internal space reaches 1.3 atm.

  In FIG. 8A, the front portion 21 of the door 20A is a portion closely attached to the land side wall portion 6 to keep the internal space 10 airtight, and is made of an elastic material such as rubber. The rear portion 22 is made of a rigid body such as plastic concrete and is strongly adhered to the front portion 21 so as not to peel off in water. The rear portion 22 rotates around a rotation shaft 24 fixed to the shelter 1C1 or the like near the lower end of the entrance of the door 20A. A float 23 is attached to the end of the rear 22 opposite to the axis of rotation 24. The door 20A is horizontally installed at the time of opening (shown by a solid line). When the water level rises due to the tsunami, the float 23 is positioned on the water surface and rises, and the door 20A is closed as the water level rises. Water enters the interior space 10 until the water surface is at the position of the float at the time of closing (indicated by a two-dot broken line), that is to the upper end of the inlet 9, but not thereafter. Since the water flow is quick at the upper end of the inlet 9 just before closing, magnets 29 may be inserted into the lower part of the float 23 of the rear part 22 and the corresponding part of the inlet 9 to securely close the door 20A. Thereafter, when the water surface rises outside the shelter 1C1, a water pressure difference occurs between the inside and the outside of the door 20A, and the door 20A is pressed against the land side wall portion 6. When a play is provided in the hole of the door 20A through which the rotation shaft 24 passes, the door 20A is firmly pressed against the land side wall portion 6, and airtightness is maintained. The water surface does not exceed the upper end of the inlet 9, so if the internal space 10 remains 3⁄4 or more above the upper end of the inlet 9, the air pressure in the internal space 10 becomes 1.3 atmospheric pressure or less. If the pressure on the outside of the shelter 1C1 becomes atmospheric pressure after the tsunami is pulled, the door 20A can be easily opened.

  In FIG. 8B, the front part 21 and the rear part 22 of the door 20B and the float 23 are the same as the door 20A. Referring to FIG. 8C, at the left and right ends of the door 20B, the extension 26 integrally formed on the rear portion 22 extends horizontally and the extension 26 is formed on the side face of the shelter 1C2 inlet 9 It can slide in the vertical direction in the groove 25. When the door 20B is opened (shown by a solid line), it is installed parallel to and below the inlet. When the water level rises due to the tsunami, the float 23 is positioned on the water surface and rises, and the door 20B is closed as the water level rises. Water enters the interior space 10 until the water surface is at the position of the float at the time of closing (indicated by a two-dot broken line), that is to the upper end of the inlet 9, but not thereafter. Since the water flow is quick at the upper end of the inlet 9 just before closing, magnets 29 may be inserted into the lower part of the float 23 of the rear part 22 and the corresponding part of the inlet 9 to securely close the door 20B. After that, when the water surface rises outside the shelter 1C2, a water pressure difference occurs between the inside and the outside of the door 20B, and the door 20B is pressed against the land side wall portion 6. If a play is provided in the groove 25, the door 20B is firmly pressed against the land side wall portion 6, and the airtightness is maintained. Since the water surface does not exceed the upper end of the inlet 9, if the internal space 10 remains at 3/4 or more at the upper end of the inlet 9, the air pressure in the internal space 10 becomes 1.3 atmospheric pressure or lower. If the pressure on the outside of the shelter 1C2 becomes atmospheric pressure after the tsunami is pulled, the door 20B can be easily opened.

  Next, as a modification of this embodiment, when the position of this float located at the upper end of the door 20B is installed at the lower end of the door 20B (not shown), the door 20B reaches the inlet 9 when the water surface reaches the lower end of the inlet Will cover. Thereafter, when the water surface rises outside the shelter, the water pressure on the outside of the door 20B and the air pressure on the inside are different, and the door 20B is pressed against the land side wall portion 6. If a play is provided in the groove 25, the door 20B is firmly pressed against the land side wall portion 6, and the airtightness is maintained. Since the water surface does not exceed the lower end of the inlet 9, the internal space 10 is maintained at normal pressure.

  In FIG. 8D, the front part 21 and the rear part 22 of the door 20D are the same as the door 20A. However, the door 20D is not provided with a float. The door 20D rotates around a rotating shaft 24A fixed to the shelter near the upper end of the evacuation port 9. The support 38 supporting the door 20D in the open state (shown by a solid line) rotates about the rotation axis 24B parallel to the entrance at substantially the same height as the lower end of the evacuation port 9. The support 38 is, for example, an oval, and has a float 23A and a weight 23B. When the water surface rises to the height of the float 23A, the support 38 rotates around the rotation axis 24B in the direction of the arrow. The door 20D loses its support and the door 20D rotates in the direction of the arrow around the rotation axis 24A, and the door 20D is closed. Thereafter, due to the difference between the water pressure on the outside of the door 20D and the air pressure on the inside, the door 20D is held in a closed state (indicated by a broken line). Since the water surface does not substantially exceed the lower end of the inlet 9, if the internal space 10 remains 3⁄4 or more above the upper end portion of the inlet 9, the pressure in the internal space 10 becomes 1.3 atmospheric pressure or less. If the pressure on the outside of the shelter reaches atmospheric pressure after the tsunami is pulled, the door 20D can be easily opened.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, by automatically closing the door, the air pressure of the internal space or the evacuation room can be maintained at a value close to the normal pressure, so that health abnormalities such as tinnitus that occur under high pressure can be prevented. It also prevents health problems for the sick, old people, children, etc. In addition, since there is no need to manually close the door, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of trouble due to panic, such as a delay in escape of a displaced person due to forgetting to close or closing prematurely.

  FIG. 9 schematically shows the configuration of the door 20C in the present embodiment. FIG. 9 (a) is a view for explaining the configuration of the float door 20C, and FIG. 9 (b) is a view for explaining the movement of the float door 20C in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, an example in which the door is automatically opened and closed using the door 20C floating on the water surface will be described. The interior space of the shelter 1C3 is separated by an evacuation floor 12D into an upper space 10A and a lower space 10B which are evacuation rooms. An inlet 27 is provided between the upper space 10A and the lower space 10B. The periphery of the evacuation room 10A and the door 20C of the inlet 27 are made of a material having airtightness and pressure resistance. The door 20C of the inlet 27 is made of a lightweight and high-strength plastic so as to rise above the water surface. Protrusions 26C extend in the horizontal direction at the four corners of the float door 20C, and the protrusions 26C can slide vertically in the grooves 25C provided in the vertical direction from the floor 3 to the evacuation floor 12D. It has become. In addition, in FIG.9 (b), the groove | channel 25C shows the state cut | disconnected by the height of the upper surface of the float type door 20C.

  When the door 20C is opened, the door 20C is placed on the mounting table 28 at a position 1 to 2 m immediately below the entrance 27, and the evacuees are placed on the stairs 18D from the square 11 to the mounting table 28 and the stairs mounted on the door 20C. Go up 18E and rise to the evacuation floor 12D. When the water level rises due to the tsunami, the float door 20C is located on the water surface and rises, and when the water level rises and reaches the evacuation floor 12D, the inlet 27 is closed by the door 20C. The close contact portion 28A around the upper surface of the float door 20C is made of an elastic material such as rubber in order to be in close contact with the lower surface of the evacuation floor 12D to keep the upper space 10A airtight. The portion 28B in contact with the close contact portion 28A on the lower surface of the evacuation floor 12D is also made of an elastic body similar to the close contact portion 28A, and airtightly holds the upper space 10A together with the close contact portion 28A. If the volume of the upper space 10 is 3⁄4 or more of the volume of the upper end portion of the inlet 9 of the inner space 10, the air pressure in the upper space 10A is 1.3 atmospheres or less. When the tsunami drops, the water level falls and the door 20C is automatically opened.

  According to the present embodiment, by automatically closing the door as in the third embodiment, the air pressure of the internal space or the evacuation room can be maintained at a value close to the normal pressure, so that the same effect as the third embodiment can be obtained.

  FIG. 10 schematically shows a configuration example of the removal port 15 in the first embodiment. FIG. 10 (a) is an example of a single door, and FIG. 10 (b) is an example of a double door. The removal port 15 of the present embodiment is also applicable to the shelters of the second to fourth embodiments. Referring to FIG. 10 (a), for example, the door 36 is a rotary (rolling) one sided door, and can be pivoted around the right side (as viewed from the inner space side) of the outlet 15. The rotary single-opening door 36 is manufactured airtight. The door 36 is convex, and the peripheral portion 36D is inclined such that the central portion 36C protrudes to the indoor side. The inlet 39 is concave, and the peripheral portion 39D is inclined to the door 36A. The surfaces of the peripheral portion 36D of the door 36 and the peripheral portion 39D of the inlet 39 are covered with an elastic member such as rubber, and when the peripheral portion 36D of the door 36 closely contacts the peripheral portion 39D of the inlet 39, the internal space 10 is airtightly maintained. Ru. The reason why the outside of the door 36 is the circumferential surface of the cylinder is that it has a strong structure (the spherical shape is the strongest) when it receives uniform water pressure from all directions. Normally, the door 36 of the outlet 15 is closed, but when the shelters 1, 1A to 1D are in the atmosphere, they can be easily opened by pushing them from the internal space 10 by hand.

When the tsunami comes, the water level gradually rises outside of Schulter 1. Then, the outside of the removal port 15 is flooded, and the inside is in the state of air. The opening angle of the door 36 is made smaller than 90 degrees. 60 degrees or less is more preferable. In this state, if the door 36 is open, the door 36 is closed due to the difference between the water outside the door 36 and the pressure inside the pressure side because the opening angle is smaller than 90 degrees. Even if the water level rises further, if it is below the outlet 15, it does not open due to the difference between water pressure and air pressure.
When the tsunami is pulled, the shelter 1 is again in the atmosphere, and the door 36 can be easily opened by pushing it from the interior space 10 by hand. In this state, the refugee can escape out of the shelter 1 from the exit 15.

In addition, the door of the present embodiment may be applied to the door of the inlet of the normal pressure chamber in the second embodiment. Further, in the case where the entrance is provided at the bottom of the evacuation room in the fourth embodiment, when the door of the present embodiment is applied, the door is automatically closed when the water surface reaches the bottom of the evacuation room.
In addition, although the door of the extraction port 15 was demonstrated in the present Example, it can replace with the door 20 and can provide the same door also in the evacuation port 9. FIG.

  However, when the door 36 of the outlet 15 is submerged, the water pressure on the inside and the outside of the door 36 is the same, so the door 36 of the outlet 15 is easily opened. When water flows in from the outside of the door 36, the residual air remaining portion of the internal space 10 rises from the upper end of the outlet 15, and the water surface of the internal space 10 further rises, reducing the volume of residual air ( 1 / N of the volume above the upper end of the outlet).

  The example of the double door 33 is shown in FIG.10 (b). This example solves the above problem. A normal pressure area 32 is provided between the first door (outside) 33A of the double door 33 and the second door (internal space side) 33B. For example, the rotatable single-opening door 36 of FIG. 10 is used as the first door 33A and the second door 33B. The first door 33A opens to the outside of the shelter 1, and the second door 33B opens to the internal space 10 side. The peripheral portion 33D is formed to be inclined such that the central portion 33C of the first door 33A and the second door 33B protrudes in a convex shape toward the normal pressure region 32, and the peripheral portion 32D of the inlet of the normal pressure region 32 is It inclines according to peripheral part 33D of the 1st door 33A and the 2nd door 33B, and is formed. The peripheral portions 33D of the first door 33A and the second door 33B are pressed against the peripheral portions 32D of the respective inlets to keep the normal pressure area 32 airtight. When the internal space 10 is at normal pressure, the first door 33A and the second door 33B are closed to make the normal pressure region 32 normal pressure. When the water level in the internal space 10 rises and the outlet 15 is submerged, the water pressure on the outer side of the first door 33A and the inner space side of the second door 33B is greater than the atmospheric pressure (1 atmospheric pressure) in the normal pressure region 32 , Keep the normal pressure area 32 airtight. As a result, the first door 33A and the second door 33B do not open, so that the inflow of water from the outlet 15 can be prevented, and the decrease in volume of residual air due to the inflow of water can be prevented. When the tsunami is pulled, the outside of the first door 33A and the inner space side of the second door 33B become normal pressure together with the normal pressure region 32, and the first door 33A and the second door 33B can be easily opened. . A pipe and an on-off valve may be provided between the normal pressure area 32 and the internal space 10 so that the normal pressure area 32 and the internal space 10 have the same pressure so that the second door 33B can be opened reliably. .

  According to the present embodiment, the shelter 1 has the removal port 15, so that even when the evacuation port 9 is blocked by a driftwood or the like, the shelter 1 can exit the shelter 1 from the removal port 15. In addition, while there is a pressure difference, the door 36 of the outlet 15 is kept closed.

The structure of the evacuation floor 12E which floats on the water surface 31 in Example 6 is typically shown in FIG. FIG. 11 (a) shows the configuration of the evacuation floor 12E, and FIG. 11 (b) shows the configuration for stopping the elevation of the evacuation floor 12E. An example in which the evacuation floor 12E is formed by a floating body floating on the water surface 31 of the water flowing into the internal space 10C will be described. In order to float the evacuation floor 12E on the water surface 31, a lightweight and strong material such as FRP is used. SCF (super carbon fiber) concrete may be used. A fence 50 is provided around the box to prevent the evacuees and luggage from falling into the water. The height of the fence 50 is, for example, about 1 m. Further, the area of the bottom surface is, for example, 20 m × 20 m. A sealed air chamber 51 is provided under the evacuation floor 12E. Evacuees it is assumed that boarding 1-2 people to 1m ^2. If a closed air box 51 with a depth of 10 cm and 1 m, for example, is provided for 1 m ² , buoyancy of 100 kg and 1 ton can be obtained respectively, it is preferable to adjust the depth of the closed air box 51 to 10 cm to 1 m. Further, a weight (for example, a sand bag) 52 for balancing is suspended below the closed air box 51. Weight 52 is, for example, 1 m ² per 25 kg, 4m ² per 100kg like. In addition, it is possible to use a flat plate material such as a wood board or an aluminum plate for the evacuation floor 12E, and for example, using the closed air chamber 51 capable of obtaining a large buoyancy such as 1 ton, the angle for the evacuation floor 12E, a lightweight concrete board, etc. It is also possible to use a material that is difficult to bend.

  Here, a floating body means an object floating on water. For example, ship, wood, plastic and the like are included. The rubber boat etc. which contain air inside are also included. In the present embodiment, even if the water surface 31 of the internal space 10C rises, the evacuation floor 12E is always above the water surface 31, so the safety of the evacuees is secured.

For example, when the pillars 53 are provided at intervals of 20 m in the shelter 1D and further between the two pillars, the pillars 53 are disposed at positions surrounding the 20 m × 20 m box-shaped evacuation floor 12E. A groove 54 is provided at a position corresponding to the portion of the column 53 of the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E, and when the column 53 and the groove 54 are loosely engaged and the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E moves up and down, Make it move. In addition, a slope 55 is provided along the fence of box-shaped evacuation floor 12E so that the evacuee can move between a plurality of box-shaped evacuation floors 12E, and a flat portion 56 of about 1 m ² is provided at the corner, 4 If a flexible flat plate (not shown) is placed around the pillars 53 to cover the flat portions of the four corners where the corners of the two box-shaped evacuation floors 12E gather, the refugees can easily It can move between mold evacuation floors 12E.

  The box-shaped evacuation floor 12E is installed near the evacuation port 9 so that the evacuees can move from the vicinity of the evacuation port 9 to the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E. When the tsunami arrives and the water surface in the shelter 1D rises, the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E floats on the water surface 31 and rises along the water surface along the pillars 53. The box-shaped evacuation floor 12E is always on the water surface 31, and does not sink in water or overturn. The water surface stops at the height at which the water pressure and the residual air pressure become equal, and the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E becomes above the water surface. Evacuees are safe if they are on the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E, and perform daily activities (sleep, wake up, sit, walk, eat, read, read a cell phone, watch TV) if there is lighting. Can. When the tsunami is pulled, the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E also descends with the descent of the water surface 31, and returns to the original position. Thus, the evacuees can get out of the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E.

  FIG. 11 (b) shows an example of a configuration for stopping the rising of the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E. This is to prevent the evacuees on the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E from being pinched and crushed between the ceiling 8 and the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E, and the space above the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E is .Benefit to not exceed 3 atmospheres. The floor elevation stopping portion 59 (the lower adhesion portion 59A and the upper adhesion portion 59B) is laid around the fence 50 of the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E and the upper portion thereof. For example, the lower side adhesion part 59A which is one side of the floor raising prevention part 59 is formed in the upper surface side of the extension part to the outer side of the fence 50 of the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E. An upper contact portion 59B is provided in a portion in contact with the lower contact portion 59A on the side wall side of the shelter 1D. When the lower adhesion portion 59A and the upper adhesion portion 59B abut, an evacuation room having an internal space 10C surrounded by a material having airtightness and pressure resistance is formed on the box-shaped evacuation floor 12A and the floor elevation stopping portion 59. Ru. The lower contact portion 59A and the upper contact portion 59B are made of an elastic material such as rubber in order to keep the internal space 10C airtight. When the water level rises due to the tsunami, the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E rises with the water surface 31. However, the floor elevation stopping portion 59 stops further elevation of the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E. The lower side close contact portion 59A and the upper side close contact portion 59B are in close contact with each other to keep the interior space 10C as an evacuation room airtight.

  For example, an elastic bag containing water may be used for the lower contact portion 59A. Even if the lower side close contact portion 59A or the upper side close contact portion 59B has a certain degree of distortion or unevenness, the water bag closely adheres to the close contact portion 59B and the air tightness is maintained. Since the water surface 31 does not become more than the floor elevation stopping portion 59, if the volume of the internal space 10C is not less than the floor elevation stopping portion 59 and 3/4 or more of the entire internal space 10 above the evacuation port 9, The pressure is less than 1.3 atm. When the tsunami drops, the water level drops, and the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E descends automatically. Further, since the area of the floor elevation stopping portion 59 is increased, a part of the floor elevation stopping portion 59 may be replaced with a flexible vinyl sheet 59C or the like having airtightness and pressure resistance.

  Further, for example, on the side of the evacuation port 9 of the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E, the box-shaped evacuation floor 12E is not extended to the land side wall portion 6, and a margin is provided. Then, a net 57 taken up from a net winding section (not shown) installed on the floor 3 is attached to the end of the closed air chamber 51. Then, when the water surface rises, the net 57 is stretched from the net winding portion of the floor 3 to the end of the closed air chamber 51. If the evacuees who are behind escaped are caught in the water flow and enter the internal space 10, the net 57 does not enter under the box-type evacuation floor 12E and floats upward, and the floating point is made into the box-type evacuation floor 12E. There is a chance that you can lift and rescue.

  In the present embodiment, regarding the configuration other than the evacuation floor 12E of the shelter 1D, the evacuation floor 12E itself ascends and descends, so the means for ascending such as stairs and slopes can be omitted. In addition, the configuration of the present embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment except for the evacuation floor 12E and the lifting means, and similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to provide a shelter capable of securing safety even with a huge tsunami. Further, when the floor elevation stopping portion 59 is provided to configure the evacuation room, the air pressure of the evacuation room can be maintained at a value close to the normal pressure, so that the same effect as the third embodiment is obtained.

  In this embodiment, an example will be described in which the evacuation port is closed after water flows into the internal space 10 from the evacuation port 9.

  FIG. 12 schematically shows the configuration of the evacuation port 9A in the present embodiment. A dropping door 58 is provided on the upper side outside the evacuation port 9A of the land side wall portion 6. An example applied to the shelter 1 of the first embodiment will be described. Even after water flows into the internal space 10 from the evacuation port 9A, when the dropping door 58 is dropped, the dropping door 58 is pressed against the inlet 39B by the water flow, and the dropping door 58 is further dropped by the water pressure difference between the outside and the inside of the dropping door 58. It is automatically pressed to the inlet 39B, and the outside and the inside are airtightly divided. As a result, the rise of the water level in the inner space 10 is stopped, and the pressure of the residual air in the inner space 10 does not rise. Furthermore, if the water dropping means (not shown) for dropping the inflowing water into the underground drainage pool (not shown) is provided and the volume of the drainage pool is made substantially the same as the volume of the internal space 10, the atmospheric pressure of the internal space 10 is atmospheric pressure. Can be returned to Even in this state, while the water level of the tsunami covers the evacuation port 9A, the water pressure difference between the outer side and the inner side makes it impossible to open the door 58. Since the pressure on the outside of the dropping door 58 will be atmospheric pressure when the tsunami is pulled, the dropping door 58 can be moved and opened. For example, the falling door 58 drops the stopper 58A which holds the falling door 58 on the evacuation port 9A and raises the float 58B by raising the water level (in FIG. 12, the stopper 58A and the float 58B are rotated around the rotation shaft 58D) And pull up the drop door 58 by winding up a rope or chain 58C connected to the drop door 58. Moreover, it is preferable to drop the dropping door 58 before the water level of the tsunami reaches the upper end of the inlet 39B. Also, it is preferable to pull up the drop door 58 so that the drop door 58 can also be pulled up with a rope or chain 58C from inside (for example, a rope or chain 58C can be put on the inner lower portion of the door). Further, as the water drainage means, for example, drainage pipes are connected to the drainage pool from a plurality of heights (including the floor portion 3) of the internal space, and a plurality of on-off valves are provided in each pipe. A plurality of on-off valves is provided to lower the water pressure applied to the on-off valves by draining from the higher side.

  According to the present embodiment, the configuration other than the dropping door and the water draining means is the same as that of the first embodiment, and similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to provide a shelter capable of securing safety even with a huge tsunami. In addition, since a drop door can be provided to maintain the pressure of the internal space at a value close to the normal pressure, the same effect as that of the third embodiment can be obtained.

The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shelter 1E in Example 8 is typically shown in FIG. Example 8 demonstrates the example which builds the shelter 1E along a dike.
By connecting the shelter 1E sea side sidewall 5A to the land side of the dike, it is structurally reinforced and becomes less likely to break. For example, the sea side sidewall 5A is constructed along the slope of the embankment 60. The land side wall 6 is constructed to be inclined to the sea side, for example, with the same slope as the dike 60. There is also an advantage that a relatively heavy object such as a power source, cylinders, etc. can be placed by providing the storage warehouse 14 on the side close to the dike 60 of the internal space 10. Furthermore, there is also an advantage that the inside of the embankment 60 is hollowed out to provide a stockpile warehouse 14, and a large amount of stockpile can be stored in the stockpile warehouse 14 (the latter example is shown in FIG. 13). In addition, it is convenient for carrying stock supplies into the evacuation floor 12 if it is possible to directly access the stock storage warehouse 14 from the evacuation floor 12. The interior space 10 can also be raised to the height of the embankment 60 along the embankment 60, and the higher the evacuation floor is provided, the higher the probability of lifesaving. In addition, for example, if a wide space inside the dike 60 can be used as an evacuation site or a communication passage, the dike will be effectively used.

  In addition, when the exit 15A is made to go out to the alley 61 provided between the dike 60 and the shelter 1E, it is easy to reach the road on the dike 60 along the stairs and slopes (not shown) provided along the dike 60. can go. In this case, the sea-side sidewall 5 above the lower end of the outlet 15A is constructed to be inclined vertically or to the land side. Furthermore, when the driftwood prevention fence 62 is installed in the ceiling portion 8, it is possible to prevent the removal port 15A and the alley 61 from being blocked by driftwood.

  According to the present embodiment, the configuration other than the above is the same as that of the first embodiment, and similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to provide a shelter capable of securing safety even with a huge tsunami. In addition, since it is constructed along the dike, it is effective to be structurally reinforced, to be able to use a high place, to be able to effectively use the dike's disaster prevention space, etc.

Example 9 demonstrates the example which builds a shelter along the school building of a school. Some schools are near the sea and are likely to be damaged by the tsunami, and some are located along the river and are likely to be damaged by floods. Since the school building is not necessarily constructed along the coast, the sea-side side wall of the above embodiment is replaced with the first side wall, and the land-side side wall is replaced with the second side wall. Apply Side walls (first side wall portion or second side wall portion) parallel to the longitudinal direction of the shelter are provided along the school building. For example, it is easy to evacuate the shelter from the school building by constructing integrally connecting the side wall of the school building and the side wall of the shelter with reinforced concrete or connecting the side wall of the school building and the side wall of the shelter with a connecting passage. In these cases, connecting the shelter to the first floor corridor of the school building allows you to enter the shelter quickly without leaving the building. In addition, if the exit is connected to the 3rd or 4th floor corridor of the school building, it can easily escape into the school building. Even in a school building not directly connected to the shelter, there is a high probability that the shelter will be rescued because the shelter is at a short distance. Therefore, constructing a shelter along a school building has the advantage of being able to evacuate many children from tsunamis and floods.
In addition, if the shelter is installed on the roof of the school building, it can escape to the shelter quickly without leaving the school building, and since the shelter is at a high place, the pressure of residual air will be low. In addition, it will be effective site use because it does not increase the site.

  Further, in the present embodiment, an example will be described in which shelters are provided at the construction site of a school. Tsukiyama is usually used as a playground for children in small mountains, but it is also used as a shelter in an emergency. In other words, by making the inside of Tsukiyama into a shelter or putting it in the shelter to make Tsukiyama, a Tsukiyama and shelter is constructed. The embodiments described above can also be applied as an embodiment in which the outlet is provided somewhere or in an embodiment without the outlet. However, the size and environment of the construction will change the size and use of the shelter, so an appropriate design is required for each project.

  According to this embodiment, the shelters are installed at a different position from the first to ninth embodiments, but the configuration is the same or similar. Therefore, as in the above embodiments, a shelter capable of securing safety even with a huge tsunami is provided. it can. Furthermore, because it is built near the school buildings, many students can be evacuated quickly from tsunamis and floods.

  The principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shelter 1F in Example 10 is shown in FIG. Example 10 demonstrates the example which builds shelter 1 F in the building 63. FIG. For example, a shelter 1F is to be constructed in the central part of the 8th to 10th floors of the 10-story building 63. A continuous series of internal space 10F is formed on the 8th to 10th floors, and the periphery is surrounded by airtight reinforced concrete except for the evacuation port 9F and the withdrawal port 15F. The lower end of the evacuation port 9F is provided at the same height as the floor surface of the eighth floor, and the lower end of the removal outlet 15F is provided at the same height as the floor surface of the 10th floor. Moreover, the drainage hole 64 is provided in the floor surface of the shelter 1F in order to drain the water of internal space, when a tsunami pulls. It is desirable that the evacuation floor 12F be higher than the highest position on the water surface of the inner space 10F. However, when the water level in the internal space 10F rises, the pressure of the residual air increases. In order to maintain the pressure of residual air at 1.3 atmospheric pressure or less, the entrance door 20F before reaching the evacuation floor 12F from the evacuation port 9F or the evacuation port 9F may be automatically closed (for example, the embodiment) 4 and the door of Example 3 can also be applied). Also, a normal pressure chamber may be provided. In addition, shelters may be provided at a plurality of places in a building.

  According to this embodiment, although the shelters are installed at a different position from the first to ninth embodiments, the configuration can be made similar. Therefore, as in the above embodiments, a shelter capable of securing safety even with a huge tsunami is provided. it can.

  In the present embodiment, an example of providing a shelter in a business place will be described. For example, the shape of the shelter is dome-shaped, and shelters corresponding to Embodiments 1 to 9 are used. You may use a part as a warehouse, a bicycle parking lot, a cafe room, a gymnasium, a meeting room, a hotel room, and the like. In this way, shelters may be used within a range that is acceptable for evacuation. The whole is made airtight at the upper part where at least the evacuation floor or evacuation room is provided. For use other than shelters, lighting and communication are required, and for example, terminals for power lines and communication lines are embedded in a certain place on the walls of the shelters to provide a structure without air leakage. As an emergency power source, for example, a small power source provided with a storage battery used for solar power generation, a construction site, an electric vehicle or the like is used. Ventilation, for example, creates a flow of air for a certain period of time with a fan or the like when not in use, and prevents the occurrence of mold and condensation. Also, for example, plastic bottles are used for drinking water, simple toilets are used for toilets, etc., and vent holes, drainage holes, etc. are not provided. Also, by connecting a TV and a personal computer to an antenna or communication line outside the shelter via a communication terminal, disaster information and safety information can be exchanged. According to this embodiment, as in the above embodiments, it is possible to provide a shelter capable of securing safety even in the case of a huge tsunami.

The structure of the shelter 1G using the garage in Example 12 is typically shown in FIG. Fig.15 (a) is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the door 73 for shelters, FIG.15 (b) is a figure for demonstrating the movement of the vertical direction of the door 73 for shelters, FIG.15 (c) is a present Example FIG. 10 is a view showing a low shelter door according to a modification of FIG. A present Example demonstrates the example which uses the garage 70 as a shelter 1G at the time of a flood or heavy rain. At least prevent water from flowing in from the shutter opening. An automobile 71 is stored in a garage 70. The wall surface, floor and ceiling of the garage 70 are made of concrete except for the entrance and the entrance. The existing shutter 72 is provided at the entrance of the garage 70. Further, a shelter door 73 is provided at the entrance. The shelter door 73 is made of an elastic air bag which receives air. The door 73 is stored in a storage box 74 when it is opened. When the door 73 is closed, air is pumped by the pump 75 to expand downward from the ceiling, and it descends along the groove 76 on the inlet side, and the bottom of the air bag enters the groove 77 on the floor of the garage 70. An elastic body 78 such as rubber is attached to the concrete at the inlet side and the bottom of the grooves 76 and 77 of the floor. The door 73 is pressed against the elastic body 78 at the inlet side and the bottom of the grooves 76 and 77 of the floor to be in intimate contact with water. In order to prevent the air bag 73 from moving up and down along the groove 76 and from being greatly expanded in the direction perpendicular to the inlet, a horizontally-braded plastic rod 79 may be attached at an appropriate interval to the garage 70 inlet side of the air bag. preferable. Further, when the air in the air bladder 73 is evacuated by the pump 75, the door 73 is opened, and the door 73 is accommodated in the storage box 74.
According to this embodiment, the garage door 70 can be used as a shelter because the shelter door 73 and the elastic body 78 are in close contact with each other and do not pass water.
FIG. 15 (c) shows an example of a low shelter door 73A as a modification of this embodiment. For example, in places where the water level does not rise even at a height of 1 m, floods or heavy rains, it is possible to prevent water from entering the garage. The door 73A is folded into the groove 77 when it is opened. When the door 73A is closed, air is supplied by the pump 75 to expand upward from the floor and also rise along the groove 76 on the inlet side. The door 73A is pressed against the elastic body 78 at the bottom of the groove 76 on the inlet side surface so as to be in intimate contact with water. The door 73A is integrally formed with the elastic body 78 at the bottom of the groove 77 on the floor. Furthermore, when the door 73A is opened, the door 73A is stored in the floor groove 77, so the storage box is unnecessary. The other configuration is the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIG.

  The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

  For example, although the example in which the sea-side sidewall 5 and the land-side sidewall 6 are inclined to the inside of the shelter has been described in the first embodiment, it may be erected straight. In addition, anchors and underground stakes should be made deep so that there is no displacement or inclination due to the tsunami, but anchors and underground stakes in the basement and underpass can be used if connected to a solid basement or underpass. . Further, although the example in which the longitudinal direction of the shelter is parallel to the shore has been described in the above embodiments, making the longitudinal direction perpendicular to the shore can reduce the resistance of the tsunami, which is acceptable. In addition, in order to make the outside of the automatic door a structure resistant to water pressure, an example in which it is formed into a cylindrical shape has been described, but a flat plate may be used if sufficient compressive strength can be obtained. In addition, although it is desirable that the door of the evacuation port and the evacuation room entrance be closed automatically, it may be closed manually or electrically as a supplement or as a second best measure. In the case of manual operation or electric operation, for example, a door as shown in FIG. In addition, it is preferable to enhance communication facilities such as communication with the outside, disaster information and safety information. In addition, the material, size, shape, etc. of each part such as the shelter and the evacuation port, the evacuation port, and the evacuation floor can be freely set according to the situation of the installation place.

  The shelter of the present invention can be used to rescue evacuees during a tsunami or flood.

1, 1A, 1B 1, 1B2, 1C 1 to 1C 3, 1D to 1G Shelter 2 underground pile 3 floor 4 (4A, 4B) end wall 5, 5A sea side wall 6 land side wall 7 intermediate wall 7a passage 8 ceiling part 9, 9A, 9F evacuation port 10, 10C, 10F internal space 10A upper space 10B lower space 11 square 12, 12A-12F refuge floor 13 driftwood defense fence 14 storage warehouse 15 removal exit 16 door 16A, 16B double door First and second doors 18, 18A-18E ascending means (steps)
19, 19A, 19B Ascending means (slope)
20, 20A to 20D, 20F Entrance door 21 Front part of door 22 Rear part of door 23, 23A Float 23B Weight 24 Rotating shaft 25, 25C Groove 26, 26C Protrusion 27 Entrance 28 Mounting base 28A, 28B Adhesive part 29 Magnet 30 Residual air 31 Water surface in shelter 32 Normal pressure area 33 Double door 33A, 33B Double door first and second door 33C Central part 32D, 33D Peripheral part 34 Normal pressure room (evacuation room)
35 evacuation room inlet 36 double door 36A, 36B double door first and second door 36C central part 36D of door door peripheral part 38 support 39, 39A inlet 39D inlet peripheral part 50 side wall 51 sealed air Chamber 52 Weight 53 Column 54 Groove 55 Slope 56 Flat portion 57 Net 58 Drop door 58A Stopper 58B Float 58C Chain 58D Rotary shaft 59 Floor rise stop portion 59A Lower side contact portion 59B Upper side contact portion 60 Embankment 61 Alley fence for driftwood prevention 63 Building 64 drainage hole 70 garage 71 car 72 shutter 73, 73A Shelter door (air bag)
74 Storage box 75 Pump 76 Inlet side groove 77 Floor groove 78 Elastic body 79 Barbed plastic rod H Tsunami height h Height from top of shelter to water surface in shelter h ₀ Ceiling from shelter from top of shelter Height h ₁ Height of lower part (above the upper end of the evacuation exit _{) in the} internal space and height h _{(1/2) of the} internal space (above the upper end of the exit) N Residual air pressure

Claims (5)

A shelter for evacuation from a tsunami or flood;
It has an internal space which is a space surrounded by materials having airtightness and pressure resistance except for evacuation doors;
In a configuration in which water can flow into the interior space from the evacuation port,
The height of the tsunami is H (m), the pressure of the residual air is N = 1 + H / 10 => 1.1 (atmospheric pressure), the volume above the upper end of the evacuation port in the internal space is V, inside the internal space An evacuation floor is provided at a position higher than the height where the volume is V / N from the highest position of
An atmospheric pressure chamber was provided in the internal space;
shelter. Said internal space was provided adjacent to the dike 60 or inside the dike:
The shelter according to claim 1 . Said internal space was provided adjacent to the school building of the school or inside the building in the school;
The shelter according to claim 1 . A warehouse, a bicycle parking lot, a tearoom, a gymnasium, a conference room or a hotel room are provided in the shelter;
The shelter according to claim 1 . A ground anchor to fix the shelter in the ground,
A floor portion integrally formed with the ground resistance;
A pair of end wall portions integrally formed with the floor surface portion at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the floor surface portion and extending upward;
A sea-side side wall portion which is integrally formed with the pair of end wall portions, extends upward from the floor portion, and extends downward to the ground as an anchor;
A land side wall portion integrally formed with the pair of end wall portions, extending upward from the floor portion, and extending downward to the ground as a anchor;
The pair of end wall portions, and a ceiling portion integrally connecting upper ends of the sea-side side wall portion and the land-side side wall portion;
An evacuation port is provided at the approximate ground level of the land side wall portion,
The internal space is a space surrounded by the floor portion, the pair of end wall portions, the sea side wall portion, the land side wall portion, and the ceiling portion,
An open space is provided at a location facing the evacuation port on the floor,
Elevating means for evacuees to move from the square to the evacue floor;
The shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 4 .

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