JP2016164344A - Shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a shelter capable of ensuring safety against a huge tidal wave.SOLUTION: A shelter for evacuation from a tidal wave or flood has an inner space 10, which is surrounded by a material with airtightness and pressure resistance excluding an evacuation opening 9. Water can flow into the inner space 10 from the evacuation opening 9. An evacuation floor 12C is installed at a higher position than the highest position of water to a height at which a volume is V/N in the inner space 10, where a height of the tidal wave is H (m), a pressure of residual air is N=1+H/10=>1.1 (air pressure), and a volume of a space above a top edge of the evacuation opening 9 in the inner space 10 is V.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

  The present invention relates to a shelter that protects evacuees from tsunamis or floods.

  The Great East Japan Earthquake has shown that when a huge earthquake occurs and a huge tsunami occurs, the tsunami travels deep inland, destroying the house and taking it away, and those who cannot evacuate to hills are victims of the tsunami.

  Conventional shelters for emergency situations such as tsunamis and floods include, for example, a shelter body having an interior as an evacuation room, an evacuation port with a sealable door that can guide refugees into the evacuation room, and an evacuation port and evacuation A shelter for emergency situations such as tsunamis and floods that have evacuation routes that communicate with the room, even if the lower evacuation exits are closed by dividing the evacuation exits in multiple directions. It is configured to be evacuated through the high side evacuation exit. The evacuees can evacuate to an evacuation room installed in the basement through the evacuation route (see Patent Document 1).

  However, in the conventional shelter including Patent Document 1, the evacuation port must be closed and sealed. For this reason, when a huge tsunami comes near, seawater may flow into the underground evacuation room unless the evacuation port is closed and sealed before that time. On the other hand, there is a fear that an evacuee who is left without being put in the shelter may be generated if the psychology to close the evacuation exit is activated and the evacuation is closed early.

  Therefore, one of the inventors has proposed a shelter that uses residual air remaining in the internal space of the airtight structure and provides an evacuation floor at a position higher than the upper end of the evacuation port (see Patent Document 2). As a result, it was not necessary to close the evacuation exit, and evacuees could escape into the shelter until just before the tsunami arrived.

JP 2013-234556 A Utility Model Registration No. 3188958

However, if the tsunami is not so large, the water level in the interior space will not be so higher than the upper end of the evacuation port. For example, in a huge tsunami with a height of 5 m or more (sometimes 30 m or more), the water surface inside the shelter There was a problem that it would be considerably higher than the upper end.
In addition, when the atmospheric pressure in the residual space is 1.3 atmospheric pressure or more, for example, there is a problem that health damage may occur to the evacuees.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems. First, an object of the present invention is to provide a shelter that can ensure life safety even in a huge tsunami by utilizing residual air. The second object is to provide a shelter that can automatically close an evacuation port or a door of an evacuation room so that the pressure of the residual air does not increase.

  In order to solve the above problems, a shelter 1 according to a first aspect of the present invention is a shelter 1 for evacuating from a tsunami or a flood as shown in FIG. The internal space 10 is a space surrounded by a material having heat resistance and pressure resistance, and is configured such that water can flow into the internal space 10 from the evacuation port 9, the height of the tsunami is H (m), and the pressure of the residual air N = 1 + H / 10 => 1.1 (atmospheric pressure), V is the volume above the upper end of the escape port 9 in the internal space 10, and the volume is higher than the height at which the volume is V / N from the highest position in the internal space 10. An evacuation floor 12 is provided at the position.

  Here, the airtightness means that gas and liquid cannot pass through, and the pressure resistance is, for example, a tsunami with a height of 50 m, which is destroyed when subjected to water pressure of 6 atm absolute pressure (5 atm gauge pressure). It means not damaged. Examples of the material having airtightness and pressure resistance include reinforced concrete, FRP (fiber reinforced plastic), and the like. The residual air refers to the air remaining in the space above the water surface when water flows into the internal space and the space above the water surface in the internal space is separated from the atmosphere. The evacuation floor is a floor on which refugees get on so as not to be immersed in water. Further, the evacuation floor is not necessarily fixed to the shelter body, and may be a floor floating on water as in the sixth embodiment. Further, the floor is not limited to wood, but may be made of plastic, for example. Further, the pressure N of the residual air is determined according to the height H of the tsunami and the height of the internal space 10 of the shelter. Here, the absolute pressure is N => 1.1 atm. However, if a large tsunami is predicted, the height of the evacuation floor can be designed as N => 2, 3, 4, etc. . In this specification, the unit of pressure is based on normal pressure (atmospheric pressure). That is, 1 atm is 1 atm (0.1013 hPa). Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, pressure refers to absolute pressure. In the above equation (Equation (1)), the height from the average tide level surface may be used as the tsunami height H, but the height from the water surface in the internal space to the tsunami wave surface may be used. The accuracy is increased by using (see FIG. 4). However, the difference is negligible in a large tsunami that is considerably higher than the height of the shelter exit from the ground. Further, the reason why the pressure is set to 1.1 atm or higher is to clarify that the present application has a novel feature in utilizing the residual air in the internal space. Therefore, for example, the pressure may be 1.05 atm or more and 1.2 atm or more.

If comprised like this aspect, since the evacuation floor 12 is provided in the position higher than the height of the water surface 31 (refer FIG. 4) assumed in the internal space 10 with respect to a tsunami, a human life can be rescued. Further, since the evacuation port 9 is not closed, the refugee can run to the evacuation port 9 and evacuate until the moment when the tsunami gets over the shelter. Also, if a shelter is built near the address and work place, life can be saved by running into the shelter without running up to the hill.

  Moreover, the shelters 1C1 to 1C3 according to the second aspect of the present invention are shelters 1C1 to 1C3 for evacuating from a tsunami or a flood, for example, as shown in FIG. Spaces surrounded by airtight and pressure-resistant materials are defined as internal spaces 10 and 10A; in order to maintain the internal space at 1.3 atm or less, the doors 20A, 20B and 20D of the escape port 9 or the interior A door 20C at the entrance to the evacuation chamber 34B surrounded by an airtight and pressure-resistant material provided in the space 10, and uses the difference between the water pressure outside the door 20C and the air pressure inside the door 20C. In addition, doors 20A to 20C that can be automatically closed using the rise of the water surface are provided.

  Here, “automatic” means that no human operation is required. In this embodiment, hydraulic power is used as a power so that automatic closing is possible even when electricity is cut off. Of course, when electric power can be used, it is also possible to electrically close the door by detecting water at the evacuation port with a sensor. Moreover, you may use together hydropower and electric power. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the door is used for automatic closing of the door, the door is kept closed when there is a pressure difference, and after the tsunami is drawn, the pressure difference disappears automatically. The door returns to a state where it can be easily opened. Further, when using the rise of the water surface, after the tsunami is drawn, the water surface is lowered, so that the door automatically returns to an open state or an easily open state. Further, in the example in which the evacuation floor 12E of Example 6 floats on the water, when the floor rising stopper 59 is used, it can be said that the evacuation floor 12E is a door.

Further, in the first or second aspect, the shelter 1B2 according to the third aspect of the present invention is provided with a normal pressure chamber 34 in the internal space 10 as shown in FIG. 7, for example.
If comprised in this way, by providing a normal pressure chamber, a sick person, an elderly person, and a child who are weak health persons can enter a normal pressure chamber, and it can release from a high atmospheric pressure state, and can suppress a health hazard.

  If it is configured as in this aspect, the air pressure in the internal space or the evacuation room can be maintained at a value close to normal pressure by automatically closing the door, and thus health problems such as tinnitus occurring under high pressure (including health abnormalities) Can prevent health hazards such as sick people, elderly people and children. Further, since it is not necessary to manually close the door, it is possible to prevent troubles caused by panic such as forgetting to close the door or delaying escape of the evacuees due to premature closing.

Moreover, the shelter 1E which concerns on the 4th aspect of this invention is the 1st thru | or 3rd aspect. WHEREIN: The internal space 10 is provided adjacent to the embankment 60 or the inside of the embankment 60. As shown in FIG.
If comprised in this way, the stable shelter which does not shift or incline by a tsunami can be comprised using the solid structure of a dike.

Moreover, the shelter which concerns on the 5th aspect of this invention WHEREIN: The internal space is provided adjacent to the school building of a school in the 1st thru | or 3rd aspect, or the inside of a built mountain in a school.
With this configuration, shelters are provided inside the school, so schoolchildren and students can evacuate quickly, and the lives of schoolchildren and students can be saved.

Moreover, the shelter which concerns on the 6th aspect of this invention is provided with the warehouse, the bicycle parking lot, the tea room, the gymnasium, the conference room, or the guest room in any one of the 1st thru | or 3rd aspect.
If comprised in this way, shelter can be utilized in the range which does not interfere with evacuation.

  Moreover, the shelter 1 according to the seventh aspect of the present invention is the ground shelter 2 according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, for example, as shown in FIG. A floor surface portion 3 formed integrally with the intermediate member 2, a pair of end wall portions 4 formed integrally with the floor surface portion 3 at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the floor surface portion 3 and extending upward, and a pair of end walls A portion that is integrally formed with the portion 4 and that extends upward from the floor portion 3 and that extends downward into the ground is formed integrally with the sea side wall portion 5 that serves as an anchor, and the pair of end wall portions 4. The land side wall part 6 that extends upward from the floor surface part 3 and extends downward into the ground serves as an anchor, the pair of end wall parts 4, the sea side wall part 5, and the upper ends of the land side wall part 6 And a ceiling portion 8 that connects the two together, and an evacuation port 9 is provided at a substantially ground level of the land-side side wall portion 5. Means a space surrounded by the floor 3, the pair of end walls 4, the sea side wall 5, the land side wall 6, and the ceiling 8. It is provided with elevating means 18 and 19 for the evacuees to move from the plaza 11 to the evacuation floor 12.

  Here, the term “integral” is ideally formed continuously without being cut with the same material at the connecting portion, but here it is only necessary to maintain airtightness. For example, airtightness may be maintained by bonding the same material with a strong adhesive. Moreover, although the staircase 18, the ladder, or the slope 19 can be used as the raising means, a gondola or the like that raises the evacuee electrically may be used as long as it has a power source.

  If comprised like this aspect, the robust and airtight shelter 1 can be comprised. In addition, due to this configuration, if a warning is issued that calls for evacuation to a safe place due to the occurrence of a large tsunami due to the occurrence of a huge earthquake, refugees and wheelchair users enter the plaza 11 from the evacuation exit 9 Further, evacuate from the square 11 to the evacuation floor 12 through the stairs 18, the ladder or the slope 19. Since the evacuation exit 9 is not closed, the refugee can run to the evacuation exit 9 and evacuate until the moment when the tsunami gets over the shelter 1.

Moreover, the shelter 1G according to the eighth aspect of the present invention is a shelter 1G for preventing water from flowing into the garage 70, for example, as shown in FIG. Shelter doors 73 and 73A are provided that prevent the water from entering the garage 70 by inflating downward from the ceiling and pressing against the side walls and the floor, or by inflating upward from the floor and pressing against the side walls.
If comprised in this way, it can prevent that water flows in into the garage 70 at the time of flood or heavy rain.

  According to the present invention, firstly, by using residual air, it is possible to provide a shelter that can ensure the safety of life even in a huge tsunami. Second, it is possible to provide a shelter that can automatically close the evacuation port and the door of the evacuation room so that the residual air pressure does not increase.

It is the top view and perspective view of a shelter in Example 1. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shelter in Example 1. FIG. It is a principal part horizontal sectional view of the III-III line in FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the sea level in a shelter. It is a principal part longitudinal cross-sectional view of the shelter with a high evacuation floor in Example 1. FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the sea level in the shelter of the aspect with which the cross-sectional area of a height direction is wide at the lower side and is narrow at the higher side in the internal space of a shelter. It is a figure which shows typically the structure which provides a normal pressure chamber in the shelter in Example 2. FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the door in Example 3. FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the door in Example 4. FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the exit in Example 5. FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the refuge floor which floats on the water surface in Example 6. FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the escape exit in Example 7. FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the cross section of the shelter using the embankment in Example 8. FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the cross section of the shelter in the building in Example 10. FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the shelter using the garage in Example 12. FIG.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  In Example 1, the shelter is always open, but an example of a shelter that can safely evacuate even when the water level rises in the internal space will be described.

  1 to 3 show a shelter with a one-floor type interior space. FIG. 1 is a plan view and a perspective view of a shelter 1 in this embodiment. FIG. 1A is a plan view, and FIG. 1B is a perspective view of a part of the building. Three shelters 1 are installed along the coastline. As shown in Fig. 1, when the long direction of the shelter 1 is constructed at right angles to the direction in which the tsunami comes, the role as a tsunami breakwater that reduces the progress of the tsunami inland when the tsunami comes Will bear.

  In addition, a tsunami that travels beyond the shelter 1 and travels back to the sea, then passes between the shelter 1 and the shelter 1. For this reason, since seawater does not stay on the land side from the shelter 1 indefinitely, seawater that has filled the open space tens of minutes after the tsunami has rushed flows out from the evacuation port 9 to the outside. Accordingly, evacuees who have evacuated into the shelter 1 and wheelchair users can escape from the evacuation port 9. Also, since the tsunami that passes between the shelters 1 and returns to the sea is fast, if you open the width that floats such as driftwood and ships can pass through, the floats will collide strongly with the shelters 1 and the shelters 1 will It can be prevented from being destroyed. In addition, it is possible to prevent the floating material from accumulating and blocking the evacuation exit 9 and the escape exit 15.

  According to the shelter according to the present embodiment, since it is constructed on the coastline, it is constructed in an area where there is no hill that can evacuate from a large tsunami in a short time near the coastline, and can be accused within the tsunami evacuation time. Useful. The size of the shelter should be determined according to the number of inhabitants.

  2 is a cross-sectional view when the shelter 1 is cut along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view when the shelter 1 is cut along a horizontal plane. The shelter 1 has an internal space 10 that is a space surrounded by a building material having airtightness and pressure resistance, and includes an escape port 9 that communicates with the internal space 10. Even if a tsunami is approached, the evacuation port 9 can be evacuated through the evacuation port 9 until the evacuation port 9 is opened and immediately before the tsunami is hit.

  The shelter 1 includes an underground pile 2, a floor surface portion 3 integral with the underground pile 2, and a pair of end wall portions 4 (4A, 4B) that rise integrally with the floor surface portion 3 at both longitudinal ends of the floor surface portion 3. A plurality of intermediate wall portions 7 which are located between the pair of end wall portions 4A and 4B and rise up integrally with the floor portion 3, and the lower end extends to a deep position in the ground to become an anchor and approaches the land side as it goes upward. Inclined to stand up (may rise up without inclining) The sea side wall portion 5 and the lower end extends to a deep position in the ground to become an anchor and rises toward the sea side as it goes upward (inclined) In the lower position of the land side wall part 6, the land side wall part 6, the ceiling part 8 that integrally connects the sea side wall part 5 and the upper ends of the land side wall part 6, and the land side wall part 6. Evacuate the required size so that the floor level is approximately the same as the floor 3 And a 9.

  The shelter 1 is sufficiently airtight except for the escape port 9 by the pair of end wall portions 4 (4A, 4B), the land side wall portion 6, the sea side wall portion 5, and the ceiling portion 8. The internal space 10 is provided. The shelter 1 includes a floor surface portion 3, a pair of end wall portions 4, a plurality of intermediate wall portions 7, a sea side wall portion 5, a land side wall portion 6, and a ceiling portion 8 that are integrally connected. The internal space 10 has airtightness except for the escape port 9 by an airtight holding material that is formed and forms an airtight shield layer on the outer surface or inner surface of the shelter 1 or is kneaded in reinforced concrete. The shelter 1 is constructed with care so as not to cause a crack that causes loss of the airtightness of the internal space 10 even when a large external force is applied due to a large earthquake and a large tsunami.

  Here, for example, a gypsum paste or the like can be used as the material of the shield layer or the airtight holding material. Reinforced concrete itself has airtightness, but airtightness is improved by crushing with a shielding material such as gypsum paste. In addition, since the tsunami is drawn in several tens of minutes, as the airtightness, for example, there may be a leak that reduces the residual air by 10% in one hour. However, it is important to be careful not to crack the concrete during construction.

The underground pile 2 is made of, for example, reinforced concrete, and is piled in the ground or is formed by placing holes by placing holes in the ground. Moreover, the structure which drives a pile (concrete pile) to the bedrock as underground resistance 2 can stabilize the structure of a shelter, and can prevent that a shelter is displaced or inclined when a tsunami is pulled.
The floor surface portion 3 is made of reinforced concrete, and may be configured such that a precast reinforced concrete plate is laid on a hard, leveled ground, and the concrete is placed by further arranging the reinforcing bars protruding on the reinforced concrete plate.

The pair of end wall portions 4 and the plurality of intermediate wall portions 7 are configured as earthquake-resistant walls. The end wall portion 4 and the intermediate wall portion 7 may be made of reinforced concrete, but a configuration in which concrete is placed by placing a steel frame and arranging a formwork is preferable.
The sea side wall part 5 and the land side wall part 6 are respectively configured integrally with the floor surface part 3, the pair of end wall parts 4 and the plurality of intermediate wall parts 7. The sea side wall part 5 and the land side wall part 6 may be made of reinforced concrete, but a precast reinforced concrete plate is erected in an inclined state and further arranged on the reinforcing steel bar protruding on the outer surface of the reinforced concrete plate. A structure in which concrete is cast after waterproofing is preferable.

  The shelter 1 includes a plurality of underground piles 2 that extend deeply in the ground, a floor surface portion 3 provided integrally with the underground pile 2, and a sea side wall portion that is constructed to serve as an anchor while the lower end bites deeply into the ground. 5 and the land side wall portion 6 have a necessary and sufficient strength to prevent collapse without pulling out even if the pressure of a huge tsunami is applied to the sea side wall portion 5. In addition, it is designed so that it will not collapse even if the earth and sand are rubbed by a pulling wave.

  The intermediate wall portion 7 is effective for ensuring a large strength of the shelter 1. A passage 7 a is provided in the intermediate wall portion 7 so that a person can move through the internal space 10 from one end to the other end. In this way, communication within the shelter 1 can be taken, and the anxiety of the evacuees can be reduced.

  If the shelter 1 is a reinforced concrete structure, the strength can be calculated based on the amount of reinforcing bars used, the amount of cement, and the thickness of the wall, so that necessary and sufficient collapse resistance can be obtained.

  The evacuation port 9 is opened in the lower part of the land side wall part 6 where the floor surface part 3 and the height of the ground approximately coincide. The evacuation port 9 has a size that allows a wheelchair user to pass through, for example. The evacuation port 9 includes a simple entrance door 20 for restricting the entry and exit of outsiders and animals in normal times.

  The entrance door 20 does not have to fulfill the role of closing the escape port 9 in an airtight manner. The entrance door 20 is provided with a locking means (not shown) that is not provided with a lock and can be easily and securely locked so that anyone can easily open the door in an emergency and keep the door open during evacuation. It is good to have.

  In the inner space 10 of the shelter 1, a plaza 11 that faces the evacuation port 9 and occupies a required area of the floor surface portion 3, and a floor surface having a required dimension higher than the upper end of the evacuation port 9 in an area excluding the square of the inner space 10. The evacuation floor 12 provided in this way, a stairway 18 as a rising means for moving a person from the square 11 to the evacuation floor 12, and a slope 19 for moving a wheelchair are provided.

  The plaza 11 is very effective if there is a reception space for ten evacuees when there are situations where evacuees enter the evacuees 9 one after another. Due to the presence of the plaza 11, not only can the stairs 18, the ladder and / or the slope 19 connecting the plaza 11 and the evacuation floor 12 be provided, but people who are going to evacuate from the evacuation exit 9 to the plaza 11 one after another. Then, people who are going to evacuate can be guided to the evacuation floor 12 through the stairs 18 or the slope 19.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the sea level in the shelter 1 during a tsunami. When a tsunami comes, the water level gradually rises outside Schulter 1. The periphery of the shelter 1 is covered with an airtight material except for the escape port 9. Until the water surface reaches the upper end of the evacuation port 9, the water surface rises at the same height inside and outside the shelter 1. When the water surface reaches the upper end of the evacuation port 9, the air in the shelter 1 is separated from the outside air and becomes residual air 30. When the water surface rises further, the water surface 31 inside the shelter 1 becomes lower than the water surface 22 outside. The atmospheric pressure on the inner water surface 31 is equal to the outer water pressure at the same height as the inner water surface 31. The outside water pressure is determined by the water depth. For every 10m increase in water depth, the water pressure increases by 1 atmosphere.

For example, when the tsunami height H (m) is 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m from the water surface, the water pressure is 1.5 atm, 2 atm, 3 atm, and 4 atm, respectively. If the volume above the upper end of the escape port 9 in the internal space 10 is V, the volume of the residual air 30 in the shelter 1 will be 2V / 3, V / 2, V / 3, and V / 4, respectively. The height from the upper end of the escape port 9 to the ceiling of the shelter 1 is h ₀ (m), the height from the upper end of the escape port 9 to the water surface in the shelter 1 is h (m), and the cross-sectional area of the shelter 1 is high when it is assumed constant in the direction, volume of 2V / 3 of the residual air 30 in the shelter 1, when the V / 2, V / 3, V / 4 , respectively, the height of the residual air 30 is _2h 0/3 _{, h 0/2, h 0} /3, h 0/4 becomes, h becomes _{h 0/3, h 0 /} 2,2h 0 / 3h 0, 3h 0/4. In this state, the water pressure of the water surface 31 in the shelter 1 during the tsunami and the atmospheric pressure of the residual air 30 are balanced (equal), and the height of the water surface 31 is determined. In general, if you balance with N pressure,
N = 1 + H / 10 (Equation 1) and
(H ₀ −h) / h ₀ = 1 / N (Equation 2)
h = h ₀ / (1 + 10 / H) (Expression 3)
When H (m) is 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m from the water surface, h / h ₀ = 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, and 3/4. Therefore, the height up to 5m tsunami, 10 m, 20 m, when 30m is predicted, the evacuation floor 12, evacuation port height from the upper end of the _{9 h = h 0/3,} h 0 / 2,2h 0 / 3,3h _0/4 (m) + may be provided in the design margin value Delta] h (e.g., 0.5 m).

  Returning to FIG. 2 and FIG. In consideration of the predicted height of the tsunami, the evacuation floor 12 is provided to have a higher level than the boundary surface 31 between the water and the residual air in the internal space 10. For example, a storage warehouse 14 is provided below the evacuation floor 12, and the partition wall between the storage warehouse 14 and the evacuation floor 12 is waterproofed so that seawater that has entered the plaza 11 cannot enter the storage warehouse 14. Is preferred. The stockpiling warehouse 14 includes a staircase 18C (or a ladder) through which evacuees on the evacuation floor 12 can enter and exit. The stockpiling warehouse 14 stores food, water, medical / emergency supplies, lighting, and the like.

  The evacuation floor 12 may have a multi-storey structure that can move through the stairs 18 and / or the slope 19. Note that a ladder may be provided instead of the stairs 18. Further, when electric power can be used, for example, a box in which two to three people can ride may be moved by electric power and carried to an evacuation floor.

  The shelter 1 is provided with an exit 15 through which the person evacuated to the internal space 10 can pass through any one of the end wall part 4, the sea side wall part 5 and the land side wall part 6 (see Example 5). The escape port 15 is preferably provided with an airtight door 16 that can be opened manually from inside. The door 16 may be a single door or a double door 16 (16A, 16B). With this configuration, since the evacuation port 9 is blocked by a large amount of debris and the like, and the evacuation person cannot escape from the evacuation port 9, the evacuee can escape from the escape port 15, Evacuees can be given peace of mind. Corresponding to the exit 15, the shelter 1 includes a ladder 21 that opens the door 16 and enters the exit 15, and a ladder 22 that descends from the exit 15 to the outside. As the double door 16 (16A, 16B), for example, the double door 33 (33A, 33B) in FIG. 10B, the double door 36 (16A, 16B) in FIG.

  The shelter 1 is preferably provided with a driftwood defense fence 13 having a space through which the wheelchair can pass in front of the escape port 9. With this configuration, it is possible to prevent a driftwood or the like that a tsunami is trying to take to the sea from blocking the evacuation port 9, and a person can exit the evacuation port 9 after the tsunami has calmed down.

  The shelter 1 is not shown, but as a lighting facility for illuminating the interior space, a power source such as a battery or a handle rotating operation generator that automatically charges to a fully charged state, illumination (not shown), and lighting on / off It is preferable that a switch (not shown) for performing the above is provided. With this configuration, the evacuation environment is not dark, but fear can be removed, and the refugees can be reassured mentally. In addition, a bench, TV, radio, etc. should be provided.

  Further, the shelter 1 includes supply means (not shown) for supplying oxygen or air. As a supply means, for example, a container containing hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide is prepared, and when hydrogen peroxide is poured into manganese dioxide, hydrogen peroxide is decomposed into water and oxygen by the catalytic reaction of manganese dioxide. Oxygen is supplied. For example, an oxygen cylinder or an air cylinder can be used. If it does in this way, since oxygen or air can be supplied in the shelter 1, even if an evacuation time becomes long, the life of an evacuee can be maintained.

  In this way, by providing storage for food, water, pharmaceuticals, daily life goods, etc., a power source, oxygen or air supply means, evacuees can live for a few hours at most from the time the tsunami arrives until it is pulled. You can spend a life-like life.

  The shelter 1 is preferably provided with a staircase (not shown) that can be laid and planted on at least one of the sea side wall portion 5 and the land side wall portion 6 and that can be climbed on the ceiling portion 8. . With this configuration, the shelter 1 is not a slaughtered building, but can be managed while planting vegetation, and it is also useful for the beauty of the region as an observation deck on the coast.

  FIG. 5 shows an example of a shelter 1A having a high evacuation floor as a modification of the first embodiment. That is, the internal space is a two-floor type. The shelter 1A includes a first floor, a second floor evacuation floors 12A, 12B, and a staircase 18A, 18B and a slope 19A that move from the plaza 12 to the first floor and from the first floor to the second floor, respectively, in the interior space 10 that is formed high. , 19B. Escape exits 15A and 15B (doors 16A and 16B) that can escape from the first floor and the second floor are provided. The escape port will be described in Example 5. Because the evacuation floor is at a high position, it can cope with high tsunami. Other configurations are the same as those of the one-floor type, and thus description thereof is omitted.

  As described above, the shelter according to the present embodiment can provide a shelter that can ensure safety even in a huge tsunami. When a large tsunami arrives, the tsunami breakwater can be used to reduce the progression of the large tsunami to the inland, and the evacuation port can be opened and evacuated through the evacuation port until just before the large tsunami is hit. Until it returns to the sea, it has the effect of protecting evacuees from large tsunamis. It is also useful as a facility that can be evacuated within the evacuation time of a large tsunami by building it in an area where there is no hill that can evacuate from a large tsunami in a short time near the coastline.

  Example 2 shows the example of a structure which provides a normal pressure chamber in a shelter. If the residual air pressure increases, the health status of the evacuees will be affected. It is said that health abnormalities such as tinnitus can be seen at 1.3 atmospheres or higher. Therefore, the device which does not raise atmospheric pressure too much is calculated | required. In this embodiment, an example in which a normal pressure chamber is provided in a region having a high internal space will be described. Note that it may be provided in a low region. The cross-sectional area in the height direction of the shelter is wider at the lower side and narrower at the higher side, except for the atmospheric pressure chamber. In addition, description is abbreviate | omitted about the part which overlaps with the above-mentioned Example, and a different part is mainly demonstrated (it is the same also about subsequent Examples).

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the water surface 31 in the shelter 1B1 in a mode in which the internal space of the shelter 1B1 is wide at the lower cross-sectional area in the height direction and narrower at the higher side. When the pressure of the residual air (same as the water pressure outside the shelter at the same height as the water surface 31 serving as the boundary between the residual air and the inflowing water) is N atmospheric pressure, the volume of the residual air becomes the original 1 / N. For this reason, when the cross-sectional area in the height direction of the shelter is wide at the lower side and narrower at the higher side, the water surface is smaller than when the cross-sectional area is uniform (indicated by a broken line in FIG. 6). Lower. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the cross-sectional area in the height direction of the internal space 10 is 1.5 times the height at the low place, and the height of the low place (above the upper end of the escape port 9) and the height of the high place are set. when _{h 1,} respectively, when N = 2 atm, the cross-sectional area of the inner space 10 height volume is halved in (evacuation port 9 above the top) _{h (1/2)} is _5h 1/6, and the low-income and h _1/6 lower volume are equal cross-sectional area of the altitude is compared to h ₁ is a height halved. If the height direction of the cross-sectional area of the inner space 10 is twice the altitude at low place, h _1/4 lower. Thus, when it is formed 1.5 times or more wider than the high place in the low place, the effect of lowering the water surface 31 becomes clear. The reason why it is 1.5 times or more is that the lowering of the water level becomes clear. If it is 2 times or more and 3 times or more, the water level is further lowered. Therefore, when it is desired to keep the water surface low, the configuration of this aspect is effective.

  FIG. 7 schematically shows a configuration in which a normal pressure chamber is provided in the shelter 1B2 in the second embodiment. Here, an example in which the normal pressure chamber 34 is provided in the higher inner space 10 is shown. The normal pressure chamber becomes an evacuation chamber that is a space surrounded by a material having airtightness and pressure resistance. The normal pressure chamber 34 is constructed on the evacuation floor 12C. Since the normal pressure chamber is surrounded by a material having airtightness and pressure resistance and is spatially separated from the internal space 10, it is not included in the internal space 10. Therefore, the height of the water surface 31 in the inner space 10 of the shelter 1B2 is lower than that in the case where the cross-sectional area is uniform, as in the case of the shelter 1B1 of FIG. When the height H of the tsunami is high, the water pressure on the water surface 31 and the atmospheric pressure of the residual air 30 increase. At 30m height of the tsunami, it becomes 4 atm. Since diving is usually performed up to 10 to 20 m and sports diving up to 40 m, it seems that there is not much problem for sportsmen even at a water depth of 30 m. However, it is said that abnormalities in the body such as tinnitus can be felt at 1.3 atmospheres. Therefore, it is desirable for sick people, elderly people, and children to use the normal pressure chamber 34 in preparation for a large tsunami. The normal pressure chamber 34 is maintained at normal pressure (1 atm) regardless of the pressure in the residual air region. When the internal space 10 is at a normal pressure before the tsunami arrives, a sick person, an elderly person, a child, and an attendant are put in and the door 36 (36A, 36B) of the entrance 35 is sealed. Then, after the tsunami is drawn, when the internal space 10 returns to normal pressure, the door 36 is opened so that a sick person, an elderly person, a child, and an accompanying person can come out.

  Although the door of the entrance 35 to the normal pressure chamber 34 may be a single door as described above, it is more preferable to use a double door 36. As the first door (door on the internal space 10 side) 36A and the second door (door on the atmospheric pressure chamber 34 side) 36B, for example, a rotary single door shown in FIG. 10A is used. The first door 36A opens to the internal space 10 side, and the second door 36B opens to the space 39 side between the double doors 36. The peripheral portion of the first door 36A is convex toward the space 39 between the double doors 36, and the inlet 35 is formed with a concave peripheral portion. The peripheral portion of the second door 36A is convex toward the normal pressure chamber 34, and the peripheral portion of the inlet is concave. The peripheral portions of the first door 36 </ b> A and the second door 36 </ b> B are pressed against the peripheral portions of the respective inlets 35, and the normal pressure chamber 34 is airtightly held by the double door 36. In this case, the space 39 between the double doors 36 is connected to, for example, the internal space 10 and a pipe (not shown), and the atmospheric pressure is adjusted by an on-off valve or a pump (not shown) (not necessary if the atmospheric pressure difference is small). The space 39 between the double doors 35 is set to the same pressure as the residual air 30 so that it can enter and exit the internal space 10 side, and the normal pressure is set so that it can enter and exit the normal pressure chamber 34 side. Then, even after the tsunami arrives and the pressure of the residual air 30 rises, the sick person, the elderly person, the child, and the accompanying person can be put in the atmospheric pressure chamber 34. Intake and exhaust of the pump are taken in and out of the residual air 30 so as not to affect the atmospheric pressure chamber 34 side.

  When the internal space 10 is at normal pressure, the first door 35A and the second door 35B are opened, and the normal pressure chamber 34 is set at normal pressure (1 atm). Thereafter, the first door 36A and the second door 36B are closed. In order for the evacuees to enter the normal pressure chamber 34 from the evacuation floor 12C where the residual air 30 in the internal space 10 is present, the inside of the internal space 10 is easily put in at normal pressure. After the pressure of the residual air rises, for example, the first door is opened by opening the open / close valve of the pipe connecting the internal space 10 and the double door 36 to make the space between the double doors 36 the same pressure as the residual air 30. 36A is opened and an evacuee enters between the double doors 36, and then the on-off valve is closed and the space between the double doors 36 is exhausted to the residual air side by a pump to normal pressure. Then, the second door 36B is opened and the evacuees enter the atmospheric pressure chamber 34. Next, when the opening / closing valve is opened and the space 39 between the double doors 35 is set to an intermediate pressure between the residual air and the normal pressure, the first door 36A is pressed against the space 39 between the double doors 36, The second door is pressed against the normal pressure chamber 34, and the normal pressure chamber 34 is kept airtight. Since the internal space 10 becomes normal pressure after the tsunami is pulled, when the opening / closing valve is opened and the space 39 between the double doors 36 is set to normal pressure, the first door 36A and the second door 36B are connected to the normal pressure chamber. It can be easily opened from the 34th side, and the evacuees go out to the evacuation floor 12C of the internal space 10.

  According to the present embodiment, the configuration other than the cross-sectional area in the height direction of the shelter and the door 36 of the inlet 35 to the atmospheric pressure chamber 34 is the same as that of the first embodiment. A shelter can be provided. Further, by providing the normal pressure chamber 34, it is possible to prevent health damage from occurring for the evacuees.

  In the third embodiment, a shelter that automatically closes the door of the evacuation port or the entrance of the evacuation room will be described so that the air pressure of the residual air does not increase in the shlter that uses the residual air.

  FIG. 8 schematically shows the configuration of the door of the evacuation exit in this embodiment. FIG. 8A shows an example of a rotary door 20A using a float, and FIG. 8B shows an example of a sliding door 20B using a float. FIG.8 (c) is a figure for demonstrating the sliding to the up-down direction of the sliding door type door 20B. FIG. 8D shows another example of the rotary door 20D using a float. In the present embodiment, an example will be described in which the door is automatically closed before the atmospheric pressure in the internal space becomes 1.3 atmospheric pressure.

  In FIG. 8A, the front portion 21 of the door 20A is a portion that is in close contact with the land side wall portion 6 and holds the internal space 10 in an airtight manner, and is made of an elastic body such as rubber. The rear portion 22 is made of a rigid body such as plastic concrete and is strongly bonded to the front portion 21 so as not to peel off in water. The rear portion 22 rotates around a rotation shaft 24 fixed to the shelter 1C1 or the like in the vicinity of the lower end of the entrance of the door 20A. A float 23 is attached to an end portion of the rear portion 22 opposite to the rotating shaft 24. The door 20A is installed horizontally when opened (indicated by a solid line). When the water level increases due to the tsunami, the float 23 rises while being positioned on the water surface, and the door 20A is closed as the water level rises. Until the water surface reaches the position of the float when closed (indicated by a two-dot broken line), that is, up to the upper end of the inlet 9, water enters the internal space 10, but does not enter thereafter. Immediately before closing, the water flow becomes faster at the upper end of the inlet 9. Therefore, the magnets 29 may be inserted into the lower part of the float 23 in the rear portion 22 and the corresponding portions of the inlet 9 to close the door 20A. After that, when the water level rises outside the shelter 1C1, a water pressure difference is generated inside and outside the door 20A, and the door 20A is pressed against the land side wall 6. If play is provided in the hole of the door 20 </ b> A through which the rotary shaft 24 passes, the door 20 </ b> A is firmly pressed against the land side wall portion 6 and airtightness is maintained. Since the water surface does not exceed the upper end of the inlet 9, if the internal space 10 remains 3/4 or more above the upper end of the inlet 9, the atmospheric pressure in the internal space 10 becomes 1.3 atmospheric pressure or less. If the outside of the shelter 1C1 reaches atmospheric pressure after the tsunami is pulled, the door 20A can be easily opened.

  In FIG.8 (b), the front part 21, the rear part 22, and the float 23 of the door 20B are the same as that of the door 20A. Referring to FIG. 8C, at the left and right ends of the door 20B, an extension portion 26 formed integrally with the rear portion 22 extends in the horizontal direction, and the extension portion 26 is formed on the side surface of the shelter 1C2 inlet 9. The groove 25 can be slid in the vertical direction. When opened (indicated by a solid line), the door 20B is installed parallel to the entrance and below the entrance. When the water level increases due to the tsunami, the float 23 rises on the water surface, and the door 20B is closed as the water level rises. Until the water surface reaches the position of the float when closed (indicated by a two-dot broken line), that is, up to the upper end of the inlet 9, water enters the internal space 10, but does not enter thereafter. Immediately before the closing, the water flow becomes faster at the upper end of the inlet 9, so the door 20 </ b> B may be reliably closed by inserting a magnet 29 in the lower part of the float 23 of the rear part 22 and the corresponding part of the inlet 9. After that, when the water level rises outside the shelter 1C2, a water pressure difference is generated inside and outside the door 20B, and the door 20B is pressed against the land side wall 6. If play is provided in the groove 25, the door 20 </ b> B is firmly pressed against the land-side side wall portion 6 and airtightness is maintained. Since the water surface does not exceed the upper end of the inlet 9, if the internal space 10 remains 3/4 or more at the upper end portion of the inlet 9, the atmospheric pressure in the internal space 10 becomes 1.3 atmospheric pressure or less. If the outside of the shelter 1C2 becomes atmospheric pressure after the tsunami is pulled, the door 20B can be easily opened.

  Next, as a modification of this embodiment, when the position of the float located at the upper end of the door 20B is installed at the lower end of the door 20B (not shown), the door 20B opens the inlet 9 when the water surface reaches the lower end of the inlet. It comes to cover. Thereafter, when the water level rises outside the shelter, a difference occurs between the water pressure outside the door 20B and the air pressure inside the door 20B, and the door 20B is pressed against the land side wall 6. If play is provided in the groove 25, the door 20 </ b> B is firmly pressed against the land-side side wall portion 6 and airtightness is maintained. Since the water surface does not exceed the lower end of the inlet 9, the internal space 10 is maintained at normal pressure.

  In FIG.8 (d), the front part 21 and the rear part 22 of the door 20D are the same as that of the door 20A. However, no float is provided on the door 20D. The door 20D rotates around a rotating shaft 24A fixed to the shelter near the upper end of the escape port 9. The support body 38 that supports the door 20D in the opened state (shown by a solid line) rotates around the rotation shaft 24B parallel to the entrance at substantially the same height as the lower end of the escape exit 9. The support 38 is, for example, an egg shape, and has a float 23A and a weight 23B. When the water surface rises to the height of the float 23A, the support 38 rotates around the rotation shaft 24B in the direction of the arrow. The door 20D loses its support, the door 20D rotates around the rotation shaft 24A in the direction of the arrow, and the door 20D is closed. Thereafter, the door 20D is held in a closed state (indicated by a broken line) due to the difference between the water pressure outside the door 20D and the air pressure inside. Since the water surface does not substantially exceed the lower end of the inlet 9, if the internal space 10 remains 3/4 or more above the upper end portion of the inlet 9, the atmospheric pressure of the internal space 10 becomes 1.3 atmospheric pressure or less. If the outside of the shelter becomes atmospheric pressure after the tsunami is pulled, the door 20D can be easily opened.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, by automatically closing the door, the atmospheric pressure in the internal space or the evacuation room can be maintained at a value close to normal pressure, so that health abnormalities such as tinnitus occurring under high pressure can be prevented, It can also prevent health problems such as sick people, elderly people and children. Further, since it is not necessary to manually close the door, it is possible to prevent troubles caused by panic such as forgetting to close the door or delaying escape of the evacuees due to premature closing.

  FIG. 9 schematically shows the configuration of the door 20C in the present embodiment. FIG. 9A is a view for explaining the configuration of the float door 20C, and FIG. 9B is a view for explaining the vertical movement of the float door 20C. In this embodiment, an example in which the door is automatically opened and closed using the door 20C floating on the water surface will be described. The internal space of the shelter 1C3 is separated by an evacuation floor 12D into an upper space 10A and a lower space 10B that serve as evacuation rooms. An inlet 27 is provided between the upper space 10A and the lower space 10B. The periphery of the evacuation room 10A and the door 20C of the entrance 27 are made of a material having airtightness and pressure resistance. The door 20C of the entrance 27 is made of lightweight and high strength plastic so as to float on the water surface. At the four corners of the float-type door 20C, the protrusions 26C extend in the horizontal direction so that the protrusions 26C can slide vertically in the grooves 25C provided in the vertical direction from the floor surface 3 to the evacuation floor 12D. It has become. In addition, in FIG.9 (b), the groove | channel 25C shows the state cut | disconnected by the height of the upper surface of the float type door 20C.

  When the door 20C is opened, the door 20C is placed on the mounting table 28 at a position 1 to 2 m directly below the entrance 27, and the evacuees are placed on the staircase 18D from the plaza 11 to the mounting table 28 and the staircase mounted on the door 20C. Go up 18E and go up to evacuation floor 12D. When the water level increases due to the tsunami, the float-type door 20C rises while being positioned on the water surface, and when the water level rises and reaches the evacuation floor 12D, the entrance 27 is closed by the door 20C. The close contact portion 28A around the upper surface of the float type door 20C is made of an elastic body such as rubber in order to closely contact the lower surface of the escape floor 12D and hold the upper space 10A airtight. A portion 28B that contacts the close contact portion 28A on the lower surface of the evacuation floor 12D is also made of an elastic body similar to the close contact portion 28A, and holds the upper space 10A in an airtight manner together with the close contact portion 28A. When the volume of the upper space 10 is 3/4 or more of the volume of the upper end portion of the inlet 9 of the internal space 10, the pressure of the upper space 10A is 1.3 atmospheres or less. When a tsunami pulls, the water level drops and the door 20C is automatically opened.

  According to the present embodiment, as in the third embodiment, by automatically closing the door, the air pressure in the internal space or the evacuation chamber can be maintained at a value close to normal pressure.

  FIG. 10 schematically shows a configuration example of the outlet 15 in the first embodiment. FIG. 10A shows an example of a single door, and FIG. 10B shows an example of a double door. The outlet 15 of the present embodiment can also be applied to the shelters of the second to fourth embodiments. Referring to FIG. 10A, for example, the door 36 is a rotary (rolling) single door, and can be rotated around the right side (viewed from the inner space side) of the exit 15. The rotary single door 36 is manufactured airtight. The door 36 is convex, and the peripheral portion 36D is inclined so that the central portion 36C protrudes to the indoor side. The entrance 39 is concave, and the peripheral portion 39D is inclined according to the door 36A. The surfaces of the peripheral portion 36D of the door 36 and the peripheral portion 39D of the inlet 39 are covered with an elastic member such as rubber. When the peripheral portion 36D of the door 36 and the peripheral portion 39D of the inlet 39 are in close contact with each other, the internal space 10 is kept airtight. The The reason why the outside of the door 36 is a cylindrical circumferential surface is that it has a strong structure (spherical shape is the strongest) when subjected to uniform water pressure from all directions. Normally, the door 36 of the exit 15 is closed, but when the shelters 1, 1 </ b> A to 1 </ b> D are in the atmosphere, they can be easily opened by pushing from the internal space 10 by hand.

When a tsunami comes, the water level gradually rises outside Schulter 1. The outside of the escape port 15 is submerged, and the inside is in an air state. The opening angle of the door 36 is smaller than 90 degrees. 60 degrees or less is more preferable. In this state, if the door 36 is open, the door 36 is closed by the difference between the water outside the door 36 and the pressure inside the pressure side because the opening angle is smaller than 90 degrees. Furthermore, even if the water level rises, if it is below the outlet 15, it does not open due to the difference between the water pressure and the atmospheric pressure.
When the tsunami is pulled, the shelter 1 is again in the atmosphere, and the door 36 can be easily opened by pushing it from the internal space 10 by hand. In this state, the evacuees can escape from the shelter 1 through the exit 15.

Further, the door of the present embodiment may be applied to the entrance door of the normal pressure chamber in the second embodiment. Further, when the door of the present embodiment is applied when the entrance is provided at the bottom of the evacuation chamber in the fourth embodiment, the door is automatically closed when the water surface reaches the bottom of the evacuation chamber.
In the present embodiment, the door of the exit 15 has been described, but a similar door can be provided in the escape port 9 instead of the door 20.

  However, when the door 36 of the exit 15 is submerged, the same water pressure is applied to the outside and the inside of the door 36, so that the door 36 of the exit 15 is easily opened. When water flows in from the outside of the door 36, the portion where the residual air remains in the internal space 10 rises from the upper end of the outlet 15, so that the water level of the internal space 10 further rises and the volume of residual air decreases (de-airing). 1 / N of the volume above the top of the outlet).

  FIG. 10B shows an example of the double door 33. This example solves the above problem. A normal pressure region 32 is provided between the first door (outer side) 33A of the double door 33 and the second door (inner space side) 33B. For example, a rotary single door 36 shown in FIG. 10 is used as the first door 33A and the second door 33B. The first door 33A opens to the outside of the shelter 1, and the second door 33B opens to the internal space 10 side. The peripheral portion 33D is formed to be inclined so that the central portion 33C of the first door 33A and the second door 33B protrudes convexly toward the normal pressure region 32, and the peripheral portion 32D of the inlet of the normal pressure region 32 is The first door 33 </ b> A and the second door 33 </ b> B are formed so as to be inclined according to the peripheral portion 33 </ b> D. The peripheral portions 33D of the first door 33A and the second door 33B are pressed against the peripheral portions 32D of the respective inlets, and the normal pressure region 32 is kept airtight. When the internal space 10 is at normal pressure, the first door 33A and the second door 33B are closed, and the normal pressure region 32 is set to normal pressure. When the water level in the internal space 10 rises and the escape port 15 is submerged, the water pressure on the outside of the first door 33A and the internal space side of the second door 33B becomes larger than the atmospheric pressure (1 atm) in the normal pressure region 32. The atmospheric pressure region 32 is kept airtight. As a result, the first door 33A and the second door 33B are not opened, and the inflow of water from the escape port 15 can be prevented, and a decrease in the volume of residual air due to the inflow of water can be prevented. When the tsunami is pulled, the outside of the first door 33A and the inner space side of the second door 33B become normal pressure together with the normal pressure region 32, and the first door 33A and the second door 33B can be easily opened. . In addition, a pipe and an on-off valve may be provided between the normal pressure region 32 and the internal space 10 so that the normal pressure region 32 and the internal space 10 have the same atmospheric pressure so that the second door 33B can be opened reliably. .

  According to the present embodiment, since the shelter 1 has the escape port 15, the shelter 1 can go out of the shelter 1 even when the escape port 9 is blocked by driftwood or the like. Further, the door 36 of the exit 15 is kept closed while there is a pressure difference.

FIG. 11 schematically shows the configuration of the evacuation floor 12E floating on the water surface 31 in the sixth embodiment. FIG. 11A shows a configuration of the evacuation floor 12E, and FIG. 11B shows a configuration that stops the evacuation floor 12E from rising. An example in which the evacuation floor 12E is formed of a floating body that floats on the water surface 31 of the water that has flowed into the internal space 10C will be described. In order to float the evacuation floor 12E on the water surface 31, a light and strong material such as FRP is used. SCF (super carbon fiber) concrete may be used. The box shape is provided with a fence 50 around the evacuees and luggage so that they do not fall into the water. The height of the fence 50 is about 1 m, for example. Further, the area of the bottom surface is, for example, 20 m × 20 m. A sealed air chamber 51 is provided under the evacuation floor 12E. Assume that one or ^two evacuees are on board 1m2. For example, if a sealed air box 51 having a depth of 10 cm and 1 m is provided at 1 m ² , buoyancy of 100 kg and 1 ton can be obtained, respectively. Therefore, the depth of the sealed air box 51 is preferably adjusted to 10 cm to 1 m. A weight (for example, sand bag) 52 for balancing is hung under the sealed air box 51. Weight 52 is, for example, 1 m ² per 25 kg, 4m ² per 100kg like. Moreover, it is also possible to use a flat plate material such as a wooden plate or an aluminum plate for the evacuation floor 12E. For example, when a sealed air chamber 51 capable of obtaining a large buoyancy such as 1 ton is used, an angle, a lightweight concrete plate or the like is used for the evacuation floor 12E. It is also possible to use a material that is difficult to bend.

  Here, the floating body means an object floating on the water. For example, ship, wood, plastic and the like are included. Also included are rubber boats that contain air inside. In the present embodiment, even if the water surface 31 of the internal space 10C rises, the evacuation floor 12E is always above the water surface 31, so the safety of the refugee is ensured.

For example, if the pillars 53 are provided in the shelter 1D at intervals of 20 m in length and breadth, and further provided with a pillar in the middle of the two pillars, the pillars 53 are disposed at positions surrounding the 20 m × 20 m box-type evacuation floor 12E. A groove 54 is provided at a position corresponding to the column 53 portion of the box-type evacuation floor 12E. When the column-type evacuation floor 12E moves up and down by loosely engaging the column 53 and the groove 54, it moves up and down along the column 53. To move. In addition, a slope 55 is provided along the fence of the box-type evacuation floor 12E so that the refugee can move between the plurality of box-type evacuation floors 12E, and a flat portion 56 of about 1 m ² is provided at the corner. If corners of the two box-type evacuation floors 12E are gathered, a flexible flat plate (not shown) is placed so as to surround the pillars 53 and cover the flat portions of the four corners. It can move between the mold evacuation floors 12E.

  The box-type evacuation floor 12E is installed near the evacuation opening 9 so that the refugee can move from the vicinity of the evacuation opening 9 to the box-type evacuation floor 12E. When the tsunami arrives and the water surface in the shelter 1D rises, the box-type evacuation floor 12E floats on the water surface 31 and rises along the pillar 53 together with the water surface. The box-type evacuation floor 12E is always on the water surface 31, and does not sink into water or capsize. The water surface stops at the height at which the water pressure and the atmospheric pressure of the residual air are equal, and the box-type evacuation floor 12E is on the water surface. Evacuees are safe if they are on the box-type evacuation floor 12E, and if there is lighting, perform daily operations (sleep, get up, sit, walk, eat, drink, read a cell phone, watch TV) Can do. When the tsunami pulls, the box-type evacuation floor 12E descends along with the descent of the water surface 31, and returns to the original position. Thereby, the evacuees can go outside from the box-type evacuation floor 12E.

  FIG. 11B shows an example of a configuration that stops the rising of the box-type evacuation floor 12E. This is to prevent an evacuee on the box-type evacuation floor 12E from being sandwiched between the ceiling portion 8 and the box-type evacuation floor 12E and being crushed. Useful not to exceed 3 atm. The floor rising stop 59 (the lower contact portion 59A and the upper contact portion 59B) is routed around the fence 50 of the box-type evacuation floor 12E and the upper portion thereof. For example, the lower contact portion 59A, which is one of the floor rising stop portions 59, is formed on the upper surface side of the portion extending to the outside of the fence 50 of the box-type evacuation floor 12E. An upper contact portion 59B is provided at a portion that contacts the lower contact portion 59A on the side wall side of the shelter 1D. When the lower contact portion 59A and the upper contact portion 59B come into contact with each other, an evacuation chamber having an internal space 10C surrounded by a material having airtightness and pressure resistance is formed on the box-type evacuation floor 12A and the floor ascending stop portion 59. The The lower contact portion 59A and the upper contact portion 59B are made of an elastic body such as rubber in order to keep the internal space 10C airtight. When the water level increases due to the tsunami, the box-type evacuation floor 12E rises together with the water surface 31. However, further raising of the box-type evacuation floor 12E is stopped by the floor rising stopper 59. The lower contact portion 59A and the upper contact portion 59B are in close contact with each other, and the internal space 10C as an evacuation chamber is kept airtight.

  For example, an elastic bag containing water may be used for the lower contact portion 59A. Even if the lower contact portion 59A or the upper contact portion 59B has a certain amount of distortion or unevenness, the water bag adheres well to the contact portion 59B and airtightness is maintained. Since the water surface 31 does not exceed the floor rising stopper 59, the volume of the internal space 10C is equal to or higher than the floor rising stopper 59 and is 3/4 or more of the entire internal space 10 above the escape port 9, so The atmospheric pressure is 1.3 atmospheric pressure or less. When the tsunami is pulled, the water level is lowered and the box-type evacuation floor 12E is automatically lowered. Further, since the area of the floor rising stopper 59 increases, a part of the floor rising stopper 59 may be replaced with a flexible vinyl sheet 59C having airtightness and pressure resistance.

  Further, for example, on the side of the evacuation exit 9 of the box-type evacuation floor 12E, the box-type evacuation floor 12E is not extended to the land-side side wall portion 6, and a margin is provided. And the net | network 57 wound up from the net | winding wind-up part (not shown) installed in the floor surface part 3 is attached to the end of the sealed air chamber 51. Then, when the water surface rises, the net 57 is stretched from the net winding portion of the floor surface portion 3 to the end of the sealed air chamber 51. If a refugee who has escaped gets involved in the water stream and enters the internal space 10, the net 57 floats upward without entering the box-type evacuation floor 12E due to the net 57, and the lifted place becomes the box-type evacuation floor 12 E. There is a chance that it can be raised and rescued.

  In the present embodiment, for the configuration other than the evacuation floor 12E of the shelter 1D, the evacuation floor 12E itself ascends and descends, so that ascending means such as stairs and slopes can be omitted. In addition, the present embodiment has the same configuration as that of the first embodiment except for the evacuation floor 12E and the ascending means, and similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to provide a shelter that can ensure safety even in a huge tsunami. In addition, when the evacuation chamber is configured by providing the floor rising stop portion 59, the pressure in the evacuation chamber can be maintained at a value close to normal pressure, and thus the same effect as in the third embodiment is obtained.

  In the present embodiment, an example in which the evacuation port is closed after water flows into the internal space 10 from the evacuation port 9 will be described.

  FIG. 12 schematically shows the configuration of the escape port 9A in the present embodiment. A door 58 is provided on the outer side of the land side wall 6 on the outer side of the escape port 9A. The example applied to the shelter 1 of Example 1 is demonstrated. Even after water flows into the internal space 10 from the evacuation port 9A, when the drop door 58 is dropped, the drop door 58 is pressed against the inlet 39B by the water flow, and the drop door 58 is further dropped due to the water pressure difference between the outside and the inside of the drop door 58. It is automatically pressed against the inlet 39B, and the outside and inside are hermetically separated. As a result, the rise in the water level in the internal space 10 is stopped, and the pressure of the residual air in the internal space 10 does not increase. Furthermore, if a drainage means (not shown) for dropping the inflowing water into an underground drainage pool (not shown) is provided and the capacity of the drainage pool is made substantially the same as the capacity of the internal space 10, the atmospheric pressure of the internal space 10 is changed to atmospheric pressure. Can be returned to. Even in this state, while the water level of the tsunami covers the evacuation port 9A, the door 58 cannot be opened due to the water pressure difference between the outside and the inside. When the tsunami pulls, the outside of the drop door 58 becomes atmospheric pressure, so the drop door 58 can be moved and opened. For example, when the drop door 58 is dropped, the stopper 58A that holds the drop door 58 on the evacuation port 9A rises the float 58B by raising the water level (in FIG. 12, the stopper 58A and the float 58B are rotated around the rotation shaft 58D). The drop door 58 is pulled up by winding up a rope or chain 58C connected to the drop door 58. Further, it is preferable to drop the door 58 before the water level of the tsunami reaches the upper end of the entrance 39B. Moreover, it is preferable that the drop door 58 is pulled up from the inside so that the drop door 58 can be pulled up with a rope or chain 58C (for example, the rope or chain 58C can be hung on the lower inner side of the door). Moreover, as a water fall means, for example, a drain pipe is connected to the drain pool from a plurality of heights (including the floor portion 3) of the internal space, and a plurality of on-off valves are provided in each pipe. The reason for using a plurality of on-off valves is to lower the water pressure applied to the on-off valves by draining from the higher side.

  According to the present embodiment, the configuration other than the dropping door and the water dropping means is the same as that of the first embodiment, and similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to provide a shelter that can ensure safety even in a huge tsunami. Moreover, since the drop door is provided and the atmospheric pressure in the internal space can be maintained at a value close to normal pressure, the same effect as in the third embodiment can be obtained.

FIG. 13 schematically shows a longitudinal sectional view of the shelter 1E in the eighth embodiment. Example 8 demonstrates the example which builds shelter 1E along a bank.
By connecting the shelter 1E sea side wall portion 5A to the land side of the dike, it is structurally strengthened and is not easily broken. For example, the sea side wall portion 5 </ b> A is constructed along the slope of the dike 60. For example, the land side wall portion 6 is constructed to be inclined to the sea side with the same gradient as the embankment 60. There is also an advantage that a relatively heavy object such as a power source or a cylinder can be placed by providing the storage warehouse 14 on the side of the internal space 10 close to the embankment 60. Furthermore, there is also an advantage that a large amount of stockpile can be stored in the stockpile warehouse 14 by hollowing out the inside of the bank 60 (FIG. 13 shows the latter example). Further, it is convenient to carry the stocked items to the evacuation floor 12 by making it possible to directly go into and out of the stockpiling warehouse 14 from the evacuation floor 12. In addition, the internal space 10 can be increased to the height of the embankment 60 along the embankment 60, and the probability of being saved is increased as the evacuation floor is provided at a higher place. In addition, for example, if a wide space inside the dike 60 can be used as an evacuation site and a communication passage, the dike is effectively used.

  Further, if the exit 15A can be taken out through a small path 61 provided between the embankment 60 and the shelter 1E, it can be easily transferred to the road above the embankment 60 through stairs and slopes (not shown) provided along the embankment 60. can go. In this case, the sea side wall 5 above the lower end of the escape port 15A is constructed to be inclined vertically or on the land side. Furthermore, when the driftwood prevention fence 62 is installed on the ceiling portion 8, it is possible to prevent the escape port 15A and the path 61 from being blocked by driftwood.

  According to the present embodiment, the configuration other than the above is the same as that of the first embodiment, and similarly to the first embodiment, it is possible to provide a shelter that can ensure safety even in a huge tsunami. Moreover, since it is constructed along the embankment, it has the effects of being structurally strengthened, being able to use high places, and effectively utilizing the disaster prevention space on the embankment.

Example 9 describes an example of building a shelter along a school building. Some schools are close to the sea and are likely to be damaged by tsunamis, and some are along the river and are likely to be damaged by floods. Since the school building is not necessarily constructed along the coast, the seaside side wall portion of the above embodiment is replaced with the first side wall portion, and the land side wall portion is replaced with the second side wall portion. Apply. Side walls (first side wall part or second side wall part) parallel to the longitudinal direction of the shelter are provided along the school building. For example, it is easy to evacuate from the school building to the shelter by building the side wall of the school building and the side wall of the shelter by connecting them integrally with reinforced concrete, or by connecting the side wall of the school building and the side wall of the shelter with a communication passage. In these cases, if the evacuation port is connected to the first floor corridor of the school building, the shelter can be quickly entered without leaving the building. Moreover, if the exit is connected to the third or fourth floor corridor of the school building, it can be easily escaped into the school building. Even in school buildings that are not directly connected to the shelter, there is a high probability of being rescued because the shelter is at a short distance. Therefore, building a shelter along the school building has the advantage that many children can be evacuated from tsunamis and floods.
Moreover, if the shelter is installed on the roof of the school building, it can quickly escape to the shelter without going out of the school building, and the residual air pressure is lowered because the shelter is at a high place. Moreover, since the site is not increased, the site can be used effectively.

  In the present embodiment, an example in which a shelter is provided in a school mountain is described. Tsukiyama is usually a small mountain that is used as a playground for children, but is used as a shelter in emergencies. In other words, the construction and shelter is constructed by hollowing out the interior of the mountain and making it a shelter, or by laying a pile on the shelter. The embodiment described above can be applied to an embodiment in which an escape exit is provided somewhere or no escape exit is provided. However, the shelter size and usage changes depending on the size of the mountain and the environment, so an appropriate design is required for each project.

  According to the present embodiment, the shelter installation position is different from that of the first to ninth embodiments, but the configuration is the same or similar, and thus the shelter that can ensure safety even in the case of a huge tsunami is provided as in the above embodiments. it can. Furthermore, because it is built near the school building, many students can be quickly evacuated from tsunamis and floods.

  FIG. 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of the shelter 1F in the tenth embodiment. In the tenth embodiment, an example in which the shelter 1F is built in the building 63 will be described. For example, it is assumed that the shelter 1F is constructed in the center of the 8th to 10th floors of the 10-story building 63. A continuous internal space 10F is formed on the 8th to 10th floors, and its periphery is surrounded by airtight reinforced concrete except for the escape port 9F and the escape port 15F. The lower end of the escape port 9F is provided at the same height as the floor of the eighth floor, and the lower end of the exit 15F is provided at the same height as the floor of the tenth floor. Further, the drain hole 64 is provided on the floor surface of the shelter 1F in order to drain water from the internal space when a tsunami is drawn. The evacuation floor 12F is desired to be higher than the highest position on the water surface of the internal space 10F. However, when the water level in the internal space 10F rises, the pressure of the residual air increases. In order to maintain the pressure of the residual air at 1.3 atm or less, the entrance door 20F before reaching the evacuation floor 12F from the evacuation exit 9F or the evacuation exit 9F may be automatically closed (for example, the embodiment). 4, the door of Example 3 is also applicable). Further, a normal pressure chamber may be provided. In addition, shelters may be provided at a plurality of locations in the building.

  According to the present embodiment, the shelter installation position is different from that of the first to ninth embodiments, but the configuration can be similar, and thus, as in the above embodiments, a shelter that can ensure safety even in a huge tsunami is provided. it can.

  In this embodiment, an example in which a shelter is provided in an office will be described. For example, the shelter has a dome shape, and a shelter corresponding to the first to ninth embodiments is used. Some of them may be used as warehouses, bicycle parking lots, coffee rooms, gymnasiums, conference rooms, lodging rooms, etc. In this way, the shelter may be used within a range that does not interfere with evacuation. The whole is provided with an airtight structure at least in the upper part where the evacuation floor or evacuation room is provided. When using other than the shelter, since illumination and communication are necessary, for example, a power line and a communication line terminal are embedded in a certain part of the wall of the shelter so that there is no air leakage. As an emergency power source, for example, a small power source equipped with a storage battery used for solar power generation, construction sites, electric vehicles, or the like is used. For ventilation, for example, when not in use, a fan or the like creates an air flow for a certain period of time to prevent mold and condensation. In addition, for example, the drinking water uses a plastic bottle, the toilet uses a simple toilet, etc., and the air holes, drain holes, etc. are not provided. In addition, disaster information and safety information can be exchanged by connecting a TV or personal computer to an antenna or communication line outside the shelter via a communication terminal. According to the present embodiment, a shelter capable of ensuring safety even in a huge tsunami can be provided as in the above embodiments.

FIG. 15 schematically shows the configuration of a shelter 1G that uses the garage in the twelfth embodiment. 15A is a diagram for explaining the configuration of the shelter door 73, FIG. 15B is a diagram for explaining the vertical movement of the shelter door 73, and FIG. 15C is the present embodiment. It is a figure which shows the door for low shelters by a deformation | transformation. In the present embodiment, an example in which the garage 70 is used as the shelter 1G during a flood or heavy rain will be described. Prevent water from entering at least through the shutter opening. A car 71 is stored in the garage 70. Concrete is used for the wall surface, floor, and ceiling of the garage 70 except for the entrance and the entrance. An existing shutter 72 is provided at the entrance of the garage 70. Further, a shelter door 73 is provided at the entrance. The shelter door 73 is made of an elastic air bag for containing air. The door 73 is folded and stored in the storage box 74 when opened. When the door 73 is closed, air is pumped in by the pump 75 and expands downward from the ceiling. The door 73 also descends along the groove 76 on the side of the entrance, and the bottom of the air bag enters the groove 77 on the floor of the garage 70. An elastic body 78 such as rubber is affixed to the concrete at the entrance side surface and the bottom of the floor grooves 76 and 77. The door 73 is pressed against the elastic body 78 at the entrance side surface and the bottom of the floor grooves 76 and 77 so as to prevent water from passing therethrough. In order to prevent the air bag 73 from going up and down along the groove 76 and to swell greatly in the direction perpendicular to the entrance, a plastic bar 79 with a braid may be stuck horizontally at an appropriate interval on the entrance side of the garage 70 of the air bag. preferable. Further, when the air of the air bladder 73 is extracted by the pump 75, the door 73 is opened and the door 73 is accommodated in the storage box 74.
According to this embodiment, since the shelter door 73 and the elastic body 78 are in close contact with each other and do not allow water to pass through, the garage 70 can be used as a shelter.
FIG. 15C shows an example of a low shelter door 73A as a modification of the present embodiment. For example, water can be prevented from entering the garage in places where the water level does not rise even at a height of 1 m, even in floods and heavy rains. The door 73A is folded into the groove 77 when opened. When the door 73A is closed, air is fed by the pump 75 to swell upward from the floor, and rises along the groove 76 on the inlet side surface. The door 73A is pressed against the elastic body 78 at the bottom of the groove 76 on the inlet side surface so as to prevent water from passing therethrough. The door 73 </ b> A is formed integrally with the elastic body 78 at the bottom of the floor groove 77. Further, since the door 73A is stored in the floor groove 77 when the door 73A is opened, no storage box is required. Other configurations are the same as those in the embodiment of FIG.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

  For example, in Example 1, although the sea side side wall part 5 and the land side side wall part 6 demonstrated the example inclined to the inner side of a shelter, you may build straightly. In addition, anchors and underground piles are preferably deepened so that they are not displaced or tilted by the tsunami, but when connected to a solid basement or underground passage, anchors and underground piles can be used. . Moreover, although the example which makes the longitudinal direction of a shelter parallel to a coast was demonstrated in the above Example, since the resistance of a tsunami can be reduced if a longitudinal direction is made perpendicular to a coast, it may be sufficient. Moreover, in order to make the outer side of an automatic door into a structure strong against a water pressure, although the example made into a cylindrical shape was demonstrated, flat form may be sufficient if sufficient compressive strength is obtained. Further, although it is desirable that the door of the evacuation exit or the entrance of the evacuation room is automatically closed, it may be manually or electrically closed as an auxiliary or as a next best measure. In the case of manual or electric operation, for example, a door as shown in FIG. In addition, it is preferable to enhance communication facilities such as communication with outside, disaster information and safety information. In addition, materials, dimensions, shapes, etc. of each part such as shelter, evacuation exit, escape exit, and evacuation floor can be freely set according to the situation of the installation location.

  The shelter of the present invention can be used for relief of evacuees during tsunamis and floods.

1, 1A, 1B1, 1B2, 1C1-1C3, 1D-1G Shelter 2 Underground pile 3 Floor surface part 4 (4A, 4B) End wall part 5, 5A Sea side side wall part 6 Land side side wall part 7 Intermediate wall part 7a Passage 8 Ceiling part 9, 9A, 9F Evacuation exit 10, 10C, 10F Internal space 10A Upper space 10B Lower space 11 Square 12, 12A-12F Evacuation floor 13 Driftwood defense fence 14 Stockpiling warehouse 15 Exit 16 Door 16A, 16B Double door First and second doors 18, 18A to 18E ascent means (stairs)
19, 19A, 19B Ascent means (slope)
20, 20A to 20D, 20F Entrance door 21 Door front portion 22 Door rear portion 23, 23A Float 23B Weight 24 Rotating shaft 25, 25C Groove 26, 26C Protruding portion 27 Entrance 28 Mounting bases 28A, 28B Adhering portion 29 Magnet 30 Residual air 31 Water surface 32 in the shelter 32 Normal pressure area 33 Double doors 33A, 33B First and second doors 33C of the double doors Center part 32D, 33D Peripheral part 34 Normal pressure chamber (evacuation chamber)
35 Evacuation room entrance 36 Double doors 36A, 36B Double door first and second doors 36C Door central portion 36D Door peripheral portion 38 Support 39, 39A Inlet 39D Entrance peripheral portion 50 Side wall 51 Sealed air Chamber 52 Weight 53 Pillar 54 Groove 55 Slope 56 Flat part 57 Net 58 Drop door 58A Stopper 58B Float 58C Chain 58D Rotating shaft 59 Floor rising stop 59A Lower contact part 59B Upper contact part 60 Levee 61 Small path 62 Driftwood prevention fence 63 Building 64 Drain hole 70 Garage 71 Car 72 Shutter 73, 73A Shelter door (air bag)
74 Storage box 75 Pump 76 Groove on the inlet side 77 Floor groove 78 Elastic body 79 Braided plastic rod H Tsunami height h Height from the top of the evacuation port to the water surface in the shelter h ₀ Ceiling of the shelter from the top of the evacuation port Height h ₁ The height of the low part in the internal space (above the upper end of the evacuation exit) and the height h _{(1/2) The} height in which the volume is halved in the internal space (above the upper end of the evacuation exit) N Pressure of residual air

Claims (8)

A shelter to evacuate from a tsunami or flood;
Provided with an internal space that is surrounded by airtight and pressure-resistant materials except for the evacuation exit;
With a configuration in which water can flow into the internal space from the escape port,
In the internal space, the height of the tsunami is H (m), the pressure of the residual air is N = 1 + H / 10 => 1.1 (atmospheric pressure), and the volume above the upper end of the escape port in the internal space is V. An evacuation floor was provided at a position higher than the height at which the volume is V / N from the highest position of
shelter. A shelter to evacuate from a tsunami or flood;
The space surrounded by airtight and pressure-resistant materials, excluding the evacuation exit, is used as the internal space;
In order to maintain the atmospheric pressure in the internal space at 1.3 atmospheric pressure or less,
An entrance door to an evacuation chamber surrounded by an airtight and pressure-resistant material provided in the interior of the evacuation exit door or in the internal space, the water pressure outside the door and the air pressure inside the door With doors that can be automatically closed using the difference between the two or using rising water;
shelter. A normal pressure chamber was provided in the internal space;
The shelter according to claim 1 or claim 2. The internal space was provided adjacent to or within the dike 60:
The shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The internal space was provided adjacent to the school building or inside the building in the school;
The shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3. Warehouses, bicycle parking lots, tea rooms, gymnasiums, conference rooms, or lodging rooms were set up in the shelters;
The shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3. An underground resistance that fixes the shelter to the ground,
A floor surface portion formed integrally with the underground resistance;
A pair of end wall portions formed integrally with the floor surface portion at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the floor surface portion and extending upward;
A sea side wall portion formed integrally with the pair of end wall portions, extending upward from the floor surface portion, and extending downward into the ground as an anchor;
A land side wall portion formed integrally with the pair of end wall portions, extending upward from the floor surface portion and extending downward into the ground as an anchor;
A pair of end walls, a ceiling part that integrally connects upper ends of the sea side wall part and the land side wall part,
An evacuation port is provided at a substantially ground level of the land side wall portion,
The internal space refers to a space surrounded by the floor surface part, the pair of end wall parts, the sea side wall part, the land side wall part and the ceiling part,
A plaza is provided in a place facing the evacuation exit of the floor surface portion,
Elevating means for the evacuees to move from the plaza to the evacuation floor;
The shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 6. A shelter that prevents water from entering the garage;
A shelter door at the entrance of the garage to inflate the air bag downward from the ceiling and press against the side walls and floor, or inflate upward from the floor and press against the side walls to prevent water from entering the garage;
shelter.

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