JP7482365B2 - shelter - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a shelter that protects evacuees from tsunamis, floods, or other disasters.

The Great East Japan Earthquake showed us that when an earthquake occurs and a tsunami occurs, the tsunami can sometimes travel deep inland, destroying and carrying away houses, and that people who are unable to escape to higher ground become victims of the tsunami.

Conventionally, evacuation shelters for emergencies such as tsunamis and floods have been required to have evacuation floors built higher than the top of the entrance. This meant that it was not possible to utilize a location lower than the top of the entrance.

If the tsunami is not too large, the boundary surface between the water and the air in the interior space of the shelter will not be much higher than the top of the entrance. However, in the case of a large tsunami, for example, 10 m or more in height (sometimes 30 m or more), there is a problem that the water level inside the shelter will become considerably higher than the top of the entrance (see Patent Document 1).
Furthermore, if the air pressure in the internal space reaches, for example, 1.3 atmospheres or more, there is a problem that evacuees may suffer health damage.

The inventor also proposed to automatically close the entrance door to prevent pressure buildup in the internal space, and to prevent health hazards by creating a normal pressure chamber in the internal space. However, it was still not possible to utilize a position lower than the top of the entrance (see Patent Document 2).

Publication No. 3188958 Patent Publication No. 6514917

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and has an object to make it possible to use a wide space, including a position lower than the top end of the entrance, as an evacuation space.
In addition, if an evacuation space can be formed even in a location far from high ground, anyone, including people who would normally find it difficult to evacuate, can easily take refuge there, and thus save their lives. Therefore, the present invention aims to make it possible to form an evacuation space even in a location far from high ground.

In order to solve the above problems, a shelter 1 according to a first aspect of the present invention is a shelter 1 for evacuating from a tsunami or flood, as shown in FIG. 1,
The apparatus includes an internal space 10 surrounded by an airtight material having airtightness and pressure resistance except for an inlet 11A,
The internal space 10 has an entrance section 11 having an entrance 11A to the shelter 1, an evacuation space 13 for evacuees 9 to evacuate to, and a cylindrical passage 12 connecting the entrance section 11 and the evacuation space 13.
The cylindrical passage 12 has a vertical axis 16 surrounded by an airtight material, and has open portions only at the connecting opening with the lower entrance portion 11 and the connecting opening with the upper evacuation space 13, and the outer wall facing the outside and the inner wall separating the evacuation space 13 are formed of an airtight material, the entrance portion 11 has open portions only at the entrance 11A, which is the open portion to the outside, and the connecting opening with the cylindrical passage 12, and the inner wall 18 separating the outer wall facing the outside and the evacuation space 13 are formed of an airtight material, and the evacuation space 13 has open portions only at the connecting opening with the cylindrical passage 12. The outer walls 2, 3 facing the outside, the inner wall 18 separating the cylindrical passage 12, and the inner wall 18 separating the inlet portion 11 are formed of airtight material and include a position lower than the upper end 11B of the inlet 11A. When water flows into the internal space 10 from the inlet 11A, a boundary surface 22 separating the water and air is generated on a plane within the cylindrical passage 12, and as long as the boundary surface 22 exists within the cylindrical passage 12, water will not flow into the evacuation space 13, and the evacuation space 13 will function as a space in which evacuation is possible.

Here, airtightness means that gas and liquid cannot pass through, and pressure resistance means that the material will not be destroyed or damaged when subjected to water pressure of 6 atmospheres of absolute pressure, for example, a 50m high tsunami. Examples of materials that are airtight and pressure resistant include airtight reinforced concrete and FRP (fiber reinforced plastic). In addition to the space in which the evacuees 9 are accommodated, the evacuation space 13 also includes a reserve space 14 that accommodates emergency supplies, stockpiled food, etc. 15. In the evacuation space 13, there may or may not be a partition between the space in which the evacuees 9 are accommodated and the reserve space 14. Examples of emergency supplies include information and communication devices, batteries, oxygen cylinders (which may instead be equipped with hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide for producing oxygen), etc. The evacuees 9 and wheelchairs can go from the entrance 11 to the evacuation space 13 by using stairs 17, slopes, etc. in the entrance 11 and/or the cylindrical passage 12. In addition, if the evacuation space 13 is provided with a multi-layer floor of two or more layers, a large number of people can be accommodated.

When configured in this manner, the evacuation space 13 can be provided at a position lower than the upper end 11B of the entrance 11A, allowing a large space to be used as an evacuation space. In addition, since an evacuation space can be formed even at a position far from high ground, anyone, including those who would normally have difficulty evacuating, can easily escape and save their lives.

In addition, the shelter 1A according to the second aspect of the present invention is the first aspect, in which a normal pressure chamber 28 that can be closed at near normal pressure is provided within the evacuation space 13, as shown in FIG. 3, for example.

When configured in this manner, the evacuees 9 can be guided to the normal pressure chamber 28, which is at near normal pressure, preventing adverse effects on the health of the evacuees 9 due to high pressure.

Furthermore, the shelter 1 according to the third aspect of the present invention is the first or second aspect, in which an internal space 10 is provided adjacent to the embankment or inside the embankment, for example as shown in FIG.
In this case, adjacent to the embankment means, for example, being installed adjacent to the top, bottom, or side of the embankment.
With this construction, it is possible to construct a stable shelter that will not shift or tilt due to a tsunami by utilizing the solid structure of the levee. In addition, the shelter can be constructed together with the construction of the levee, which reduces the cost of construction work.

According to the present invention, evacuation spaces can be provided at positions lower than the upper end of the entrance 11A, so a large space can be used as an evacuation space. In addition, evacuation spaces can be formed even at positions far from high ground, making it easier for anyone, including people who would normally have difficulty evacuating, to take refuge there, and thus saving their lives.

FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the shelter in the first embodiment. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a case where water has entered the shelter in Example 1. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a shelter according to a third embodiment. FIG. 11 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the shelter in Example 3 when water enters the shelter.

The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings. In each embodiment, the same or corresponding parts are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

In Example 1, we explain an example of a shelter constructed integrally with a levee.

Figure 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of a shelter 1 constructed integrally with a levee in Example 1. In the figure, 1 is a shelter, 2 is a sea-side wall (external wall), 3 is a land-side wall (external wall), 4 is a foundation, 5 is a floor, and 6 is a ceiling, and 2 to 6 are all made of airtight and pressure-resistant concrete. 4A is an anchor for fixing the shelter to the land, and is made of concrete. 7 is a road, 8 is a car, 8A is a pedestrian, and 8B is a guardrail. 9 is an evacuee. 10 is an internal space, which is composed of an entrance part 11, a cylindrical passage 12, and an evacuation space 13. The range of the entrance part 11 and the cylindrical passage 12 is shown surrounded by a thick dashed line. The evacuation space 13 includes a space for accommodating evacuees 9, as well as a reserve space 14 for accommodating emergency supplies, stockpiled food, etc. 15. There may or may not be a partition (floor 5 in Figure 1) between the space for accommodating evacuees 9 in the evacuation space 13 and the reserve space 14. A lid 5A is provided on the partition between the space for accommodating the evacuees 9 and the reserve space 14, and emergency supplies, stockpiled food, etc. 15 can be taken out to the space for accommodating the evacuees 9. The evacuees 9 and wheelchairs enter through the entrance 11A. 15 denotes emergency supplies, stockpiled food, etc., which are stored in the reserve space 14. In this example, the entrance 11A is open and does not have a door. The rectangular part displayed at the back of the entrance 11A is the frame of the entrance. Examples of emergency supplies include a first aid kit, equipment for infants, flashlights, oxygen cylinders (which may be equipped with hydrogen peroxide and manganese dioxide to produce oxygen instead), batteries, information and communication devices, bedding, etc. Under normal circumstances, water does not enter the shelter 1. Here again, airtightness is an important requirement. Even if there is only a slight air leak in the shelter, if water gets in, it will be impossible to stop the water from entering.

The shelter 1 also has an internal space 10, which is a space surrounded by an airtight material having airtightness and pressure resistance except for the entrance 11A. The internal space 10 has an entrance section 11 having an entrance 11A to the shelter 1, an evacuation space 13 for evacuees 9 to evacuate to, and a cylindrical passage 12 connecting the entrance section 11 and the evacuation space 13. The cylindrical passage 12 has a vertical axis 16 surrounded by an airtight material, and has open parts only at the connecting opening with the lower entrance section 11 and the connecting opening with the upper evacuation space 13, and the outer walls 2 and 3 facing the outside and the inner wall 18 separating the evacuation space 13 are formed of an airtight material. The entrance section 11 has open parts only at the entrance 11A, which is an open part to the outside, and the connecting opening with the cylindrical passage 12, and the inner wall 18 separating the outer wall facing the outside and the evacuation space 13 are formed of an airtight material. The evacuation space 13 has an open portion only at the connecting opening with the cylindrical passage 12, and the outer walls 2 and 3 facing the outside, the inner wall 18 separating the cylindrical passage 12 from the evacuation space 13, and the inner wall 18 separating the evacuation space 13 from the entrance 11 are made of airtight material. The evacuation space 13 also includes a position lower than the upper end 11B of the entrance 11A.

2 shows an example of when water has entered the shelter 1. When water flows into the internal space 10 from the entrance 11A, a boundary surface 22 that separates the water and air is generated on a flat surface within the cylindrical passage 12. As long as the boundary surface 22 exists within the cylindrical passage 12, water will not flow into the evacuation space 13, and the evacuation space 13 will function as a space in which evacuation is possible.
In FIG. 2, 21 is the sea surface, and 22 is the boundary surface 22 that separates water and air. At the boundary surface 22, the air pressure in the shelter 1 and the pressure of the seawater are balanced, so water does not enter the shelter 1. Therefore, even if the part of the evacuation space 13 is lower than the upper end 11B of the entrance 11A, water does not enter. The water pressure in the seawater increases by 1 atmosphere for every 10 m from the sea surface. Therefore, if the depth of the boundary surface 22 from the sea surface 21 is H (m), the pressure of the seawater at the boundary surface is H/10 atmospheres. If the height of the tsunami is 10 m, the air pressure of the evacuation space 13 on the boundary surface 22 will be 2 atmospheres, and the volume will be 1/2. If the height of the tsunami is 20 m, the air pressure of the evacuation space 13 on the boundary surface 22 will be 3 atmospheres, and the volume will be 1/3. Therefore, the boundary surface 22 that separates water and air rises in the cylindrical passage 12 as the volume of the evacuation space 13 surrounded by the airtight material decreases. However, as long as the boundary surface 22 exists within the cylindrical passage 12, water will not flow into the evacuation space 13, and the evacuation space 13 will function as a space in which evacuation is possible.

According to this embodiment, the evacuation space 13 can be provided at a position lower than the upper end 11B of the entrance 11A, so a large space can be used as an evacuation space. In addition, since an evacuation space can be formed even at a position far from high ground, anyone, including people who would normally have difficulty evacuating, can easily take refuge there and save their lives.

In the second embodiment, an example of a shelter that is constructed independently of a levee or the like and not integral with the levee will be described.
In this example, the road 7 shown in FIG. 1 is eliminated. The shelter 1A can be constructed as a single unit, but multiple shelters can be constructed together. The length, width, and height can also be set as desired. The shelter 1A can be constructed as a single unit, but if multiple shelters are lined up and connected with chains or the like, if one of them floats, the others can support it so that it does not get swept away. In addition, the evacuation space 13 can be provided with a multi-layer floor of three or more layers to increase the number of people it can accommodate. Here again, airtightness is an important requirement. Even if there is only a slight air leak inside the shelter, if water gets in, it will be impossible to stop the water from entering.
According to this embodiment, the evacuation space 13 can be provided at a position lower than the upper end 11B of the entrance 11A, so a large space can be used as an evacuation space. In addition, since the evacuation space can be formed at a position far from high ground, anyone, including people who would normally find it difficult to evacuate, can easily take refuge there, and thus save their lives.

In the third embodiment, an example is described in which, in the event that a tsunami grows large and water enters the shelter 1A, a normal pressure chamber 28 is provided in the evacuation space 13 to maintain pressure close to normal pressure, thereby protecting the health of evacuees 9.
FIG. 3 shows an example of a perspective view of the shelter 1A in the third embodiment. FIG. 4 shows a schematic vertical cross-sectional view of the shelter 1A. Also, a case where water has entered the shelter 1A is shown. When the tsunami becomes large, the boundary surface 22 may exceed the upper end of the cylindrical passage 12. It is also said that if the air pressure exceeds 1.3 atmospheres, there is a risk of abnormalities in the health of the human body. Therefore, in order to protect the health of the evacuees, a normal pressure chamber 28 is provided in the evacuation space 13, and the door 29 is opened in a normal pressure state before the tsunami arrives to guide the evacuees 9 to the normal pressure chamber 28, and when the evacuees 9 have entered the normal pressure chamber 28, the door 29 of the normal pressure chamber 28 is closed, and the normal pressure chamber 28 is sealed to maintain the air pressure at the state when the evacuees entered the normal pressure chamber 28. The air pressure and water pressure in the evacuation space 13 outside the normal pressure chamber 28 rise. The walls and door 29 of the normal pressure chamber 28 are made of airtight materials. The door 29 is kept closed while the tsunami covers the shelter 1A, and is opened after the tsunami recedes. This allows the evacuees 9 to stay healthy. It is preferable to keep emergency supplies, food stockpiles, etc. 15 also in the normal pressure chamber 28 at all times. A spare room 14 for storing emergency supplies, food stockpiles, etc. 15 may be provided in the normal pressure chamber 28. 5A is the lid of the spare room 14. Here, airtightness of the normal pressure chamber 28 is an important requirement. The normal pressure chamber 28 is surrounded by an airtight material. Even if there is only a slight air leak in the shelter 1A and the normal pressure chamber 28, if water gets there, it will be impossible to stop the water from entering.

In Figures 3 and 4, a normal pressure room 28 is provided next to the stairs 17, and the door 29 at the entrance to the normal pressure room 28 opens outward. Since the normal pressure room 28 is located next to the stairs 17, the volume of the normal pressure room 28 can be made large, making it possible to accommodate a large number of evacuees. The size of the normal pressure room 28 and the type of door 29 can be freely selected according to the situation at the site, so the designer is free to choose which one to use. For example, the door may be a double door that opens both outward and inward to ensure airtightness. Also, the door may be structured to increase airtightness by operating a handle, like the doors of an airplane or a hatch of a submarine. 3C is a side wall (exterior wall) other than the sea side or land side.
According to this embodiment, the evacuation space 13 and the normal pressure chamber 28, which is a part of the evacuation space, can be provided at a position lower than the upper end 11B of the entrance, so a large space can be used as an evacuation space. In addition, since an evacuation space can be formed at a position far from high ground, anyone, including those who would normally find it difficult to evacuate, can easily take refuge there, and thus save their lives.

As described above, the shelter according to the above embodiment can provide a shelter that can ensure safety even in the event of a large tsunami. When a large tsunami arrives, the entrance 11A can be left open, allowing evacuees 9 to evacuate through the entrance 11A until just before the large tsunami hits, and has the effect of protecting the evacuees 9 from a large tsunami until the large tsunami subsides and the seawater returns to the sea. In addition, it is useful as a facility that allows quick evacuation before the arrival of a large tsunami by constructing it in an area where there is no high ground near the coastline that allows evacuation from a large tsunami in a short time. In addition, the evacuation space 13 can be provided at a position lower than the upper end 11B of the entrance 11A, so that a wide space can be used as the evacuation space 13.
Furthermore, according to the above-mentioned embodiments, an evacuation space is created within the shelter, making it easier for anyone, including those who would normally find it difficult to evacuate, such as the elderly, children, sick people, disabled people, pregnant women, and people who live far from high ground, to take refuge there, thereby saving their lives.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention.

For example, in the first embodiment, an example of the shelter 1 constructed integrally with the embankment was described, but the present invention is not limited to this example. The shelter may be constructed integrally with an underground shelter, a high-rise building, or an underground passage, or may be constructed independently in a field, park, schoolyard, etc. Also, an example was described in which the sea-side side wall 2 and the land-side side wall 3 are inclined toward the inside of the shelter, but these outer walls may be constructed vertically. Also, in FIG. 1, an example in which a staircase 17 is installed at the entrance 11 is described, but a slope may be installed. Also, when using anchors 4A or underground piles to support the foundation 4, it is preferable to make them sturdy so that they do not shift or tilt due to a tsunami, but if they are connected to a sturdy basement or underground passage, anchors or underground piles for the basement or underground passage may be used. Also, a door may be attached to the entrance 11A, and the door of the entrance 11A may be automatically closed instead of being open. Also, it is preferable to improve communication facilities, such as for contacting the outside and obtaining disaster information and safety information. In addition, the materials, dimensions, shapes, etc. of each part of the shelter, including the exterior walls, interior walls, floors, and ceilings, can be freely set according to the conditions on site.

The shelter of the present invention can be used to rescue evacuees during tsunamis, floods or other disasters.

1, 1A Shelter 2, 2A Sea side wall (outer wall)
3, 3A Land side wall (outer wall)
3C Side walls (exterior walls) other than the sea side and land side
4 Foundation 4A Anchor 5 Floor 5A Floor cover 6 Ceiling 7 Road 8 Car 8A Pedestrian 8B Guardrail 9 Evacuee 10 Internal space 11 Entrance 11A Entrance 11B Top end of entrance 12 Cylindrical passage 13 Evacuation space 14 Spare space 15 Emergency supplies, stockpiled food, etc. 16 Vertical axis of cylindrical passage 17 Stairs 18 Inner wall separating evacuation space from cylindrical passage or entrance 21 Sea surface 22 Boundary surface separating water and air 28 Normal pressure room 29 Door H of normal pressure room Tsunami height

Claims (3)

A shelter for evacuation from a tsunami or flood;
having an interior space, which is a space surrounded by an airtight material having airtightness and pressure resistance except for an entrance;
The internal space has an entrance portion having the entrance to the shelter, an evacuation space for evacuees to evacuate to, and a cylindrical passage connecting the entrance portion and the evacuation space,
the cylindrical passage has a vertical axis surrounded by the airtight material, and has open portions only at a connecting opening with the inlet portion on the lower side and a connecting opening with the evacuation space on the upper side, an outer wall facing the outside and an inner wall partitioning the evacuation space are formed of the airtight material, the inlet portion has open portions only at the inlet and the connecting opening with the cylindrical passage, which are open portions to the outside, the outer wall facing the outside and the inner wall partitioning the evacuation space are formed of the airtight material, the evacuation space has an open portion only at a connecting opening with the cylindrical passage, the outer wall facing the outside and the inner wall partitioning the cylindrical passage and the inner wall partitioning the inlet portion are formed of the airtight material, and includes a position lower than the upper end of the inlet,
When water flows into the internal space from the inlet, a boundary surface that separates water and air is generated on a flat surface within the cylindrical passage, and as long as the boundary surface exists within the cylindrical passage, the water does not flow into the evacuation space, and the evacuation space functions as a space into which evacuation is possible;
shelter. An atmospheric pressure chamber that can be closed in a state close to atmospheric pressure is provided in the evacuation space;
The shelter of claim 1. The interior space is provided adjacent to or within the embankment:
A shelter according to claim 1 or claim 2.

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