JP2014159671A - Tsunami evacuation facility - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tsunami evacuation facility capable of promptly evacuating inhabitants when an earthquake occurs, and effectively avoiding collision of drift caused by a tsunami.SOLUTION: A tsunami evacuation facility 10 comprises: a dry dock 12 formed below a ground surface 11; a shelter 13 installed in the dry dock 12; a cover member 22 for blocking an upper surface opening part 21 of the dry dock 12; stopper means for preventing the shelter 13 from floating by buoyancy due to sea water 75 intruding into the dry dock 12; and flotation speed restriction means for restricting the flotation speed of the shelter 13. The shelter 13 is provided with a body part 24 and an escape tower 26. The escape tower 26 is provided with an escape port 40 and an opening/closing door 42. The shelter 13 is arranged in the dry dock 12 such that a top face of the escape tower 26 is positioned below the upper surface opening part 21 of the cover member 22, and when the shelter 13 floats, the escape tower 26 protrudes from the upper surface opening part 21 of the cover member 22 above the ground surface 11.

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation facility for protecting human life from a tsunami generated by an earthquake.

The Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011 resulted in many victims, especially in the Tohoku region, but it is a new memory that the damage caused by the tsunami was particularly severe.
This area has been repeatedly damaged by tsunamis since ancient times, and in spite of the fact that it has been handed down from generation to generation that it is necessary to escape to high places in the event of an earthquake, many people are actually late to escape, and the turbulence caused by the tsunami The result was swallowed.

  Of course, it is undeniable that the height of the tsunami that was approached was an unexpected scale and the occurrence of traffic jams caused damage expansion, but behavior such as sick people, elderly people, and physically disabled people For those who are restricted, it must be said that it was impossible to move to a safe place in a short time.

In consideration of such circumstances, an idea has already been proposed to escape from the tsunami damage by escaping to a nearby shelter instead of moving to a high place in the event of an earthquake.
For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a tsunami shelter that arranges a sealable container between a pair of support columns and evacuates residents in the container when a tsunami is approached.
JP 2011-106142 A

  In the case of this tsunami shelter, as the water surface rises due to the tsunami, the container side also obtains buoyancy and rises between both struts, so it is possible to avoid submerging in the water. Further, since the water automatically descends as the water is drawn, the evacuees can escape to the outside when the damage is resolved.

  However, in this tsunami shelter, although the lower end of the column is buried in the ground, the container on which the person rides is a structure that is exposed on the ground surface. Irregularly moving rubble, automobiles, fishing boats, etc. collided from the side, and there was a risk of destruction of the columns and containers.

  The present invention has been devised to solve such a current problem with respect to a tsunami, and can evacuate residents quickly when an earthquake occurs and can effectively avoid a collision of drifting objects caused by a tsunami. The purpose is to provide evacuation facilities.

  In order to achieve the above object, a tsunami evacuation facility described in claim 1 includes a concave dry dog formed below the ground surface, a sealable shelter installed in the dry dog, and a dry dog A lid member that closes the upper surface opening, a stopper means that prevents the shelter from rising due to buoyancy caused by seawater that has entered the dry dog, and the ascent speed of the shelter is restricted when the stopper means is released. A tsunami evacuation facility provided with a rising speed regulating means, wherein the shelter includes a residential main body part and an escape tower protruding above the main body part, and the escape tower is At least one escape port, and an open / close door that hermetically closes the escape port, and the upper surface of the escape tower is located below the opening formed in the lid member. The shelters are placed in the dry dog escape tower during flying of the shelter is characterized in that projecting on the surface of the earth from the opening of the lid member.

  The tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 2 is the tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 1, wherein the ascending speed regulating means is fixed to the dry dog side and the main body side. The cylinder has an opening facing the bottom side of the dry dog, a fine through hole is formed in the upper end surface of the cylinder, and the piston is inserted into the opening of the cylinder. When the shelter starts to float, the piston moves up in the cylinder, and the seawater in the cylinder is released to the outside through the fine through hole.

  The tsunami evacuation facility described in claim 3 is the tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the stopper means is extendable to the recess provided on the dry dog side and the main body side. The shelter includes an attached pressing member, and the shelter is prevented from rising by extending the pressing member and fitting the pressing member into the recess. The shelter is retracted by releasing the engagement with the recess. It is characterized by the fact that

  The tsunami evacuation facility described in claim 4 is the tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 3, and further, after the shelter ascent is started, by extending the pressing member and pressing it to the dry dog side, The feature is that the position is stabilized.

  The tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 5 is the tsunami evacuation facility according to claims 1 to 4, further comprising an opening formed on the upper surface of the escape tower, and an opening / closing door for closing the opening in an airtight manner. A waterproof cover made of a bellows-like transparent cylinder in which a plurality of mountain fold lines and valley fold lines are alternately formed, and the upper end opening of the waterproof cover is airtightly joined to the lower surface of the door. In addition, the lower end opening is airtightly joined to the periphery of the opening, and when the door is closed, it is folded and stored in the escape tower, and is opened when the door is opened. It is characterized by being.

In the case of the tsunami evacuation facility according to the present invention, since the shelter is stored below the ground surface, even if a tsunami occurs and the muddy stream is pushed in, there is a risk of collision with drifting objects such as automobiles, fallen trees, fishing boats There is no nature, and the safety of evacuees can be secured effectively.
In addition, after the tsunami pulls, the shelter is lifted using the buoyancy of seawater filled in the dry dog, and the escape tower has a mechanism that protrudes from the opening of the lid member. Evacuees can be surely escaped without preparing.
Moreover, since the ascent speed of the shelter is suppressed by the ascent speed restricting means, it is possible to prevent a large impact from being applied to the evacuees due to rapid ascent.

In recent years, as a fundamental measure against tsunami, it has been considered as a policy of the local government to move residences and offices in coastal areas to high ground, but for moving away from land that has been used for many years to high ground The residents are expected to have great anxiety and psychological resistance.
Moreover, as a practical matter, it takes a lot of cost and time to cut down the mountains and create flat land suitable for housing.
On the other hand, if the tsunami evacuation facility according to the present invention is adopted, a residence or a business establishment is left in the coastal area, and in a short time in the shelter installed in the garden or vacant land in the event of an earthquake. It is possible to evacuate and protect many lives more reliably.

  FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the basic structure of a tsunami evacuation facility 10 according to the present invention. A concave dry dog 12 formed in a space dug down from the ground surface 11 and the dry dog 12 are arranged in the dry dog 12. Shelter 13 is provided.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the dry dog 12 includes a rectangular floor surface 16, a first wall surface 17, a second wall surface 18, and a third wall surface that are raised at right angles from four sides of the floor surface 16. 19. A rectangular parallelepiped shape having a fourth wall surface 20 and a rectangular upper surface opening 21 is provided.

The floor surface 16 and the first wall surface 17 to the fourth wall surface 20 are each formed of strong reinforced concrete.
Further, the upper surface opening 21 of the dry dog 12 is closed by a cover member 22 made of reinforced concrete.
A staircase space 23 is connected to the third wall surface 19 of the dry dog 12.

The shelter 13 includes a main body portion 24 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape and a cubic escape tower 26 connected to the center of the upper surface 25 of the main body portion 24.
Both the main body 24 and the escape tower 26 are made of strong steel or the like.

A rectangular boarding port 28 is formed on the third side surface 27 of the main body 24, and a steel door 30 is engaged with the boarding port 28 via a hinge 29 so as to be freely opened and closed.
When the door 30 is closed, airtightness in the shelter 13 is secured by a seal member (not shown).

The upper surface 34 of the escape tower 26 and the first side surface 35, the second side surface 36, the third side surface 37, and the fourth side surface 38 that are vertically lowered from the four sides of the upper surface 34 are respectively square-shaped. An escape port 40 is provided, and a steel door 42 is connected to each escape port 40 via a hinge (not shown).
When these open / close doors 42 are closed, airtightness in the shelter 13 is secured by a seal member (not shown).
Each open / close door 42 is provided with a viewing window 43 made of transparent reinforced plastic or tempered glass.
The floor surface 44 of the escape tower 26 is provided with a communication port 45 for a person to enter and exit, and a ladder 46 is attached to the service port 45.

The upper surface 34 of the escape tower 26 is accommodated in a rectangular opening 47 formed in the lid member 22.
The opening 47 is normally covered with a dust cover 48 made of synthetic resin.

A flying speed regulating device 50 is attached to the second wall surface 18 and the fourth wall surface 20 of the dry dog 12.
The ascent speed regulating device 50 includes a plurality of square cylinders 52 in a rectangular parallelepiped case 51, and each square cylinder 52 is provided with a square piston 53 as shown in FIG. Yes.
The lower part of the rod 54 of each square piston 53 is bent in an L shape, and each end is connected to the second side surface 55 or the fourth side surface 56 of the main body 24.
A fine circular opening 58 having a diameter of about several millimeters is formed on the upper end surface of each square cylinder 52.

On the floor surface 16 of the dry dog 12, four long steel rail members 60 are erected vertically.
The lower end of each rail member 60 is embedded in the floor surface 16 of the dry dog 12, and the upper end of each rail member 60 is embedded in the inner surface of the lid member 22.

Two pressing members 64 made of reinforced rubber are housed in the internal space 61 of each rail member 60, and the tip of a steel rod 65 is attached to each pressing member 64. A predetermined interval is set between the pressing members 64 accommodated in the internal space 61 of the rail member 60.
The rear end portion of each rod 65 is taken out from the longitudinal groove 66 of each rail member 60 and is inserted into a through hole (not shown) formed in the second side surface 55 or the fourth side surface 56 of the main body portion 24. It is inserted.

A predetermined linear motion mechanism is attached to the rear end portion of the rod 65 inside the main body 24, and the amount of protrusion (reciprocation) of the rod 65 is adjusted by the action of the linear motion mechanism. It is structured.
Examples of the linear motion mechanism include a manual hydraulic pump, a manual lever, and an electromagnetic solenoid.
Of course, in order to prevent seawater from entering the main body 24 from the opening, appropriate waterproofing measures such as packing are taken.

As shown in FIG. 4 (b), a recess 69 is formed in the inner wall surface 68 of the rail member 60. As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the distal end of the pressing member 64 is in the recess 69 during normal times. It is stored in.
Then, when the rod 65 of the pressing member 64 is contracted to the main body portion 24 side, this engagement state is released (FIG. 4B).

Next, a method of using the tsunami evacuation facility 10 will be described.
First, when an earthquake occurred and a tsunami warning was issued, the resident opened the door (not shown) on the floor of his / her living room, descended the stairs 70, and quickly escaped from the boarding gate 28 into the shelter 13. . At this time, the last resident closed the sliding door type lattice door 72 provided at the entrance (opening portion of the third wall surface 19) 71 of the dry dog 12, and then the door 30 of the boarding gate 28 of the shelter 13. Close.

  In this state, it waits for a while, and when the safety declaration can be confirmed through radio broadcasting, smartphone one-segment broadcasting, etc., the door 30 of the boarding gate 28 is opened and the shelter 13 can be promptly exited.

On the other hand, when a tsunami actually occurs, the resident will spend time in the shelter 13 until the danger of the tsunami is completely settled.
FIG. 5 exemplifies a state in which a tsunami has come to the surface. Seawater 75 flows on the ground surface 11, and at the same time, the dry dog 12 is filled with seawater 75.
Since the volume of the dry dog 12 is designed to be sufficiently larger than the volume of the shelter 13, if the interior of the dry dog 12 is filled with seawater 75 in this way, naturally the shelter 13 will have buoyancy. However, since the pressing member 64 is engaged in the recess 69 of each rail member 60, the shelter 13 does not start to float.

  There is rarely a single tsunami caused by an earthquake, and it is usually repeated over and over several hours, so there are enough facilities in the shelter 13 so that at least the whole family can stay for about 24 hours. It is desirable to have supplies ready.

Examples of such necessary equipment include a simple bed, a simple toilet, and a battery-type lighting device.
Further, as necessary supplies, oxygen cylinders, emergency food, drinking water, radio, dry batteries, flashlights, blankets, carbon dioxide absorbers, and the like are applicable.
Further, although not shown, in order to capture radio waves even when the dry dog 12 is filled with seawater, an antenna is set up on the ground surface 11 and the connection cable is drawn into the shelter 13. It is desirable.

When the safety declaration regarding the tsunami is received by radio broadcasting or one-segment broadcasting, each pressing member 64 is pulled out from the recess 69 of the rail member 60, and the lock is released.
As a result, the shelter 13 obtains buoyancy due to the seawater 75 filled in the dry dog 12, and starts to ascend.

At this time, since the ascent speed regulating device 50 operates, the risk of the shelter 13 rising rapidly is avoided.
That is, when the shelter 13 starts to rise, the square piston 53 of the ascent speed regulating device 50 also rises in the square cylinder 52 at the same time.
However, since the square cylinder 52 is filled with seawater 75 and the dimension of the circular opening 58 serving as the escape path is fine, a large resistance is generated when the square piston 53 is raised.
For this reason, the flying speed of the shelter 13 connected to the square piston 53 is also greatly restricted.

As shown in FIG. 6, when each pressing member 64 is pushed out to the rail member 60 side at a position where the observation window 43 of the escape tower 26 slightly protrudes from the ground surface 11, the floating of the shelter 13 is temporarily stopped by the braking effect.
Here, by visually observing the outside through the viewing window 43 and fully confirming that the seawater has been completely drawn, when the braking between each pressing member 64 and the rail member 60 is released, the shelter 13 starts to rise again. To do.

Then, when the escape tower 26 is completely exposed from the opening 47 of the lid member 22, the rod 65 of each pressing member 64 comes into contact with the upper end 76 of the rail member 60, and the levitation stops.
At this time, the pressing member 64 is pushed out again to the rail member 60 side, and the position of the shelter 13 is fixed.
Finally, as shown in FIG. 7, one of the doors 42 of the escape tower 26 is opened to escape to the ground.

  After the tsunami has passed, it is expected that a lot of debris is actually deposited on the ground surface 11 and the surface of the lid member 22, but a large buoyancy of several tons is acting on the shelter 13, Moreover, since the buoyancy is concentrated on the upper surface 34 of the escape tower 26 having a relatively small area, the debris can be effectively pushed up.

  As shown in FIG. 8, if a bellows-like transparent waterproof cover 78 is attached to the open / close door 42 on the upper surface 34 of the escape tower 26, the state of the ground can be checked safely before the shelter 13 starts to float. be able to.

  The waterproof cover 78 is formed of a bellows-shaped square tube in which a plurality of mountain fold lines and valley fold lines are alternately formed. This is airtightly joined to the opening (escape port 40) of the upper surface 34 of the tower 26. The waterproof cover 78 is made of, for example, a vinyl material.

As a result, when the open / close door 42 on the upper surface 34 is opened, the waterproof cover 78 is deployed, so that even if seawater remains on the ground surface 11, it will enter the shelter 13. It can be effectively prevented.
It is desirable that a hydraulic opening / closing device (not shown) is attached to the opening / closing door 42 so that it can be forcibly opened even when debris is accumulated on the opening / closing door 42.

If at least one of the upper end opening or lower end opening of the waterproof cover 78 is detachably joined with a screw or the like, the waterproof cover 78 is removed when the outside safety is confirmed, and the door is escaped from the open / close door 42 on the upper surface 34. It is also possible.
In order to increase the strength of the waterproof cover 78, a reinforcing material made of a metal frame or the like can also be disposed at the mountain fold portion of the bellows.

  By using a gentle slope instead of the staircase 70 shown above or together with the staircase 70, access by a wheelchair becomes possible. As a result, even elderly people and physically disabled people can easily evacuate.

In the tsunami evacuation facility 10 according to the present invention, the shelter 13 is housed in the dry dog 12 while the turbulence due to the tsunami occurs, so large drifting objects such as automobiles, fishing boats, collapsed houses, etc. There is no danger of being destroyed by a collision.
And, when the seawater due to the tsunami is completely drawn, it floats by the buoyancy of the seawater 75 accumulated in the dry dog 12, and the escape tower 26 has a structure that protrudes from the opening 47 of the lid member 22, Evacuees in the shelter 13 can escape safely and reliably.

It is side surface fragmentary sectional view which shows the basic structure in the normal time of the tsunami evacuation equipment which concerns on this invention. It is a plane fragmentary sectional view which shows the basic structure in the normal time of a tsunami evacuation equipment. It is a front fragmentary sectional view which shows the basic structure in the normal time of a tsunami evacuation equipment. It is an expanded sectional view which shows the recessed part and press member as a stopper means. It is a front fragmentary sectional view which shows the basic structure at the time of the tsunami generation | occurrence | production of a tsunami evacuation facility. It is a front fragmentary sectional view which shows the basic structure when a shelter starts levitation after the end of a tsunami. It is a front fragmentary sectional view which shows the basic structure when the floating of a shelter is completed. It is a front fragmentary sectional view which shows the example which attached the bellows-like waterproof cover to the escape tower of a shelter.

10 Tsunami evacuation facilities
11 Ground surface
12 Dry dog
13 Shelter
16 Dry dog floor
17 Dry dog first wall
18 Second wall of the dry dog
19 Dry dog third wall
20 Dry dog fourth wall
21 Dry dog top opening
22 Dry dog lid
23 Stair space
24 Shelter body
25 Top view of main unit
26 Shelter Escape Tower
27 Third side of main body
28 Boarding gate of the main unit
29 Hinge
30 Body door
34 Top view of escape tower
35 First side of escape tower
36 Second side of escape tower
37 Third side of escape tower
38 The fourth side of the escape tower
40 Exit
42 Open / close door
43 Viewing window
44 Floor of escape tower
45 universal entrance
46 Ladder
47 Opening of lid member
48 Dust cover
50 Ascent rate regulating device
51 cases
52 Square cylinder
53 Square piston
54 Rod
55 Second side of main body
56 4th side of body
58 Circular opening
60 Rail member
61 Internal space of rail member
64 Press member
65 rod
66 Vertical groove of rail member
68 Inner wall surface of rail member
69 recess
70 stairs
72 lattice door
75 seawater
76 Upper end of rail member
78 Waterproof cover

Claims (5)

A concave dry dog formed under the ground surface,
A sealable shelter installed in the dry dog;
A lid member for closing the upper surface opening of the dry dog;
Stopper means for preventing the shelter from rising due to buoyancy caused by seawater that has entered the dry dog,
A tsunami evacuation facility comprising a rising speed regulating means for regulating the rising speed of the shelter when the stopper means is released,
The shelter includes a residential main body and an escape tower protruding above the main body.
The escape tower includes at least one escape outlet and an opening / closing door that hermetically closes the escape outlet,
The shelter is arranged in the dry dog so that the upper surface of the escape tower is located below the opening formed in the lid member,
A tsunami evacuation facility characterized in that an escape tower protrudes from the opening of the lid member onto the ground surface when the shelter ascends. The ascending speed regulating means includes a cylinder fixed to the dry dog side and a piston fixed to the main body side.
The opening of the cylinder faces the bottom side of the dry dog,
A fine through hole is formed in the upper end surface of the cylinder,
The piston is inserted into the opening of the cylinder;
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein when the shelter starts to float, the piston moves up in the cylinder, and seawater in the cylinder is discharged to the outside through the fine through hole. Tsunami evacuation equipment. The stopper means comprises a recess provided on the dry dog side, and a pressing member attached to the main body part so as to be extendable and contractible.
The shelter is prevented from rising by extending the pressing member and fitted into the recess, and the shelter is allowed to float by pulling the pressing member and releasing the engagement with the recess. The tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 1 or 2.   The tsunami evacuation facility according to claim 3, wherein after the shelter is lifted, the pressing member is extended and pressed against the dry dog side to stabilize the position. An opening formed in the upper surface of the escape tower;
An open / close door that hermetically closes the opening;
A waterproof cover made of a bellows-like transparent cylinder in which a plurality of mountain fold lines and valley fold lines are alternately formed;
The waterproof cover has an upper end opening that is airtightly joined to the lower surface of the door, and a lower end opening that is airtightly joined to the periphery of the opening, and is folded when the door is closed. The tsunami evacuation equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tsunami evacuation equipment is housed in an escape tower and deployed when the door is opened.

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