JP4822087B1 - Tsunami shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a tsunami shelter capable of evacuating from a tsunami when a large earthquake occurs.
SOLUTION: By raising the floor 12 of the evacuation chamber 3 from the ceiling lowermost portion 15 of the entrance 2 of the tsunami shelter body 1, the sea surface 13 that has entered the interior at the time of the disaster does not enter the evacuation chamber 3, and oxygen cylinders or air The evacuee 16 is protected by the release 14 of the cylinder. Since the airtightness of the evacuation chamber 3 is not affected by the opening / closing of the entrance door 8, there is no need to close the door 8 during evacuation, and there is no fear that the entrance 2 will be blocked during escape. It has a function to withstand a collision 18 such as tsunami pressure or rubble pushed away from the tsunami due to the inclination of the outer wall and the sufficient weight of the tsunami shelter 1 itself and the fixing 5 to the ground.
[Selection] Figure 5

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation facility for protecting human lives from a tsunami.

In the Great East Japan Earthquake, the height of the tsunami exceeded 20 meters depending on the location, and many people who evacuated to the rooftop of the remaining buildings were destroyed by the collapse of many wooden, steel-framed and reinforced concrete buildings due to the earthquake and subsequent tsunami. It was swept away by a tsunami that far exceeded. To evacuate reliably, it is necessary to evacuate to a place higher than the tsunami arrival point, but it is difficult to evacuate places where there are no hills, children, the elderly, and the disabled alone. For this reason, facilities that can protect human lives are necessary. Conventional shelters include those in the basement type and those in which the evacuation room is levitated (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
Japanese Patent No. 3541197 JP 2006-226099 A

  In the shelter in the basement, the entrance door is closed to prevent water from entering, but considering the evacuation of people who are late to escape, the timing of closing is difficult, and if there is a delay or there is a gap, it will be flooded, and the entrance If it is blocked by water, rubble or earth and sand, it will be difficult to escape. In the above Patent Documents 1 and 2, the structure is a structure that avoids a tsunami in a floating evacuation room, but in this structure, a house, ship, and countless rubble that are swept away by the tsunami are expected. Furthermore, since it is also exposed to a pulling wave, in this case, damage to the shelter itself cannot be avoided in the floating type, and it can survive only when the collision is fortunately avoided. In order to solve the above problems, the tsunami shelter according to the present invention secures safety until water is drawn under the tsunami, and aims at an effective evacuation facility regardless of the tide level and power of the tsunami.

  The lowest part of the evacuation room is made higher than the lowest part of the ceiling of the communication passage from the entrance of the tsunami shelter and the opening is used only as an entrance to prevent air from entering, and in the event of a disaster, use an oxygen cylinder or air cylinder. Protect the lives of evacuees by supplying oxygen inside and increasing the amount of air inside as needed.

  The outer wall of the tsunami shelter body is inclined, and the tsunami shelter itself is fully weighted and fixed to the ground to withstand tsunami pressure and rubble, buildings, and boats swept away by the tsunami.

  By installing the tsunami shelter body on the ground and opening the entrance, it prevents the debris from blocking the entrance door and preventing escape after water is drawn.

  Because it is a structure that only traps air inside the tsunami shelter and escapes in the event of a disaster, it can be easily used by elderly people and children without physical strength, and can be used for long-term evacuation by internal oxygen cylinder or air cylinder and emergency food .

  The tsunami shelter body is heavier than the buoyancy at the time of flooding, firmly fixed to the ground, and the outer wall is inclined to prevent the tsunami shelter body from being washed away by tsunami pressure, and the tsunami shelter is damaged by debris and ship collision Can withstand being done.

  By installing a tsunami shelter on the ground and opening the entrance, we will prevent rubble and water from blocking the entrance and preventing escape after the disaster.

It is a shelter appearance top view of the present invention. It is an external appearance side view of FIG. It is a top view of FIG. It is sectional drawing of FIG. It is sectional drawing at the time of evacuating at the time of the disaster of FIG.

  The main body 1 of this shelter covers the evacuation chamber 3 that protects human lives with a strong outer wall 17, and raises the floor 12 inside the evacuation chamber 3 from the bottom of the communication path ceiling 15 at the entrance 2, thereby allowing the evacuation chamber 3 to air. It has a pocket structure, and protects human life by increasing the amount of air inside by an oxygen cylinder or air cylinder 10 during evacuation. The shelter body 1 is firmly fixed to the ground by the foundation pile 5. A door 6 or a shutter is attached to the communication path following the entrance 2, and the opening 7 opens inward, so that the refugee 16 can quickly enter the inside and open the inside 8 to prevent the escape. In addition, a slope 4 is provided at the entrance and the communication path 2, which has the effect of enabling quick evacuation by the elderly, wheelchairs, and strollers. By describing the installation location on the map and installing the transmitter 9 inside, there is an effect that the life after the disaster can be easily rescued.

  In the event of a disaster, the tsunami shelter body 1 is submerged below the water surface 11 of the tsunami, but the sea level 13 that has entered the interior reaches the bottom of the ceiling 15 of the entrance passage 2 and the floor of the evacuation chamber 3 Always below 12. And the refugee 16 of the evacuation chamber 3 is protected by the airtight structure which does not let internal air escape, and the discharge | release 14 of the air by an oxygen cylinder or an air cylinder. The debris 18 that flows and collides with the tsunami can be resisted by inclining the strong outer wall 17.

  The main body 1 of the present shelter can change the shape of the bottom surface of the shelter and the evacuation room into a square, a polygon, a circle, or an ellipse according to the use form of the land to be installed. The shelter body 1 varies in size according to the number of people scheduled to be accommodated therein, but the weight of the shelter is always greater than the buoyancy of the evacuation room. The shelter body 1 can be downsized by reducing the height of the entrance 2. In the case of a large size that accommodates a large number of people, it has a support column that supports the ceiling inside.

  It should be installed next to places near the sea where there are no hills that can be evacuated, houses near the coastline, and port facilities. It is possible to incorporate the shelter body 1 in the building itself and to build a dwelling part on top of the shelter body 1.

1 Shelter body 2 Entrance and passage 3 Evacuation room 4 Slope 5 Foundation pile 6 Door or shutter 7 Opening and closing direction 8 Bounced door 9 Transmitter, emergency food, emergency supplies storage space 10 Oxygen cylinder or air cylinder 11 Tsunami water surface 12 Evacuation room floor surface 13 Water surface of sea water that has entered the shelter 14 Oxygen cylinder or air cylinder discharge 15 Bottom of the ceiling of the communication passage 16 Evacuees 17 Outer wall 18 Collision debris, etc.

Claims (3)

  A shelter that prevents intrusion of water from the outside, and is provided inside a shelter body that has no opening other than the entrance and has confidentiality, the entrance that is opened on a side surface of the shelter body, and the shelter body The evacuation chamber, the communication passage communicating from the entrance to the evacuation chamber, the lowest portion of the ceiling portion of the communication passage through which water must enter, and a position higher than the lowest portion are provided. And an oxygen cylinder or an air cylinder that can increase the amount of air that prevents the water from entering by being confined in the evacuation chamber by the action of the lowest part, as required. Tsunami shelter characterized by that.   The shelter body is constructed of a composite material of concrete material, metal material, or resin material, firmly fixed to the ground, has a weight more than buoyancy due to the evacuation room at the time of flooding, and by inclining the outer wall, 2. The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, wherein the tsunami shelter is capable of withstanding a tsunami pressure and a collision of rubble, buildings, and ships washed away by the tsunami.   The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, wherein the entrance has a function of opening the door opened at the time of evacuation by a flip-up door or a shutter with a stopper inside.