JP2013256833A - Refuge room against tsunami and siphon device used for the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To utilize a principle of siphon to enable drainage to be automatically carried out and solve the problem that: drainage of water dammed and accumulated on the inside of a partition is required to be promoted in order to prevent a required volume of air from being lost in a refuge room against tsunami having an entrance release structure with a partition wall in its inside when the tsunami retreats, with the result that a volume of air required for survival is ensured while preventing it from escaping from the entrance.SOLUTION: In a refuge room against tsunami having an entrance release structure with a partition wall in its inside, water accumulated inside the room is not drained by reversely overflowing the partition wall when a tsunami retreats and the water does not undergo a change in volume. Therefore, the inside air expanded along with decompression tends to escape from an entrance. Accordingly, in order to lower the water level of the inside stored water, a siphon device astride the partition wall, or a siphon device penetrating through the partition wall, a valve, or a plug is provided to promote drainage of the dammed water.

Description

The present invention relates to the installation of a siphon device as a measure for maintaining the required air amount during tide and in drainage measures in a tsunami evacuation room having a partition wall provided therein with an entrance opening structure.

As the tsunami evacuation room, in the case of the entrance opening structure, the tsunami water can freely enter and exit, so the pressure inside and outside is balanced, and no special structural wall thickness is required unlike the airtight structure of the entrance closing structure. However, it is necessary to take measures against drifting objects that would naturally be received, and a partition wall will be installed to prevent drifting object impacts. When the partition wall is installed inside the evacuation room, it is effective when the water level rises due to the tsunami. However, when the water level in the surrounding area drops due to the ebb tide, the partition wall becomes like the wall of the water storage tank and the water inside remains without draining. That is, the surrounding water level falls, but the internal water level remains full. Therefore, the compressed internal air pressure should decrease with decreasing water pressure, that is, the air volume should increase to return to the original, but there is a full tank water that does not decrease the volume inside the partition wall. Therefore, there is a possibility of a phenomenon in which compressed air escapes from the entrance without an escape route. This leads to a reduction in the amount of air necessary for survival, so it is necessary to prevent important air from being released. In the first place, as a countermeasure against tsunami, raising the seawall, which is the conventional technology, and moving up the hills, require a lot of money and a long time. Unexpected tsunami heights are also limited. Therefore, the background technology was born of a tsunami evacuation room with an entrance opening structure that can cope with unexpected tsunamis and a partition wall inside. The technology of the partition wall installation of the entrance opening structure of (Patent Document 1) has advantages such as prevention of drifting object impact, slowing of getting wet inside, securing a large amount of air required for survival inside, and unexpected tsunami The installation significance of the partition wall which can afford time in relation to the rise of the calm water level inside and the air compression even at height is great. In addition, (Patent Document 2) states that even if a evacuation room is cracked by a huge earthquake before the tsunami attack, an air holding independent body is installed so that air does not escape and double safety is provided. However, at the time of tide, the water stored in the partition wall is not drained, and the amount of air necessary for survival expands as the pressure decreases, so that air that has lost its escape may escape from the free entrance and exit. Even in this case, the water level is up to the height of the partition wall, and the water remains undrained. In the case of an air holding independent body, even if the water between the partition walls is pushed out by depressurization and air expansion, the water is still filled therewith, so it is difficult to escape and float. Both leave room for measures to be taken against the phenomenon during the ebb tide. I want to get ready for the second wave.

Japanese Patent No. 4997040 Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-96149

1993 edition of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Structural Mechanics Official Collection, p341, p405

The tsunami evacuation room must maintain the necessary air volume even if it is submerged in an unexpected tsunami. In addition, in the case of a structure where the entrance is free, a partition wall for preventing drifting object impact is provided inside. The air inside the evacuation room must maintain the volume, that is, the required air amount, until the water level on the outer periphery reaches the entrance height at the time of the tsunami. However, when the tsunami arrives, it is the water that has accumulated behind the partition wall, but when the tide is reduced, it does not flow out beyond the partition wall, that is, reverse. Water has the property that the volume does not change with pressure, and it remains stored in the partition wall even when the atmospheric pressure drops. However, since the compressed air expands in volume as the pressure is reduced, it seeks a escape place and escapes from the free entrance to the outside water as air bubbles. In other words, the air is pushed by the internal pressure and escapes from the inlet, but it also leads to a sudden pressure reduction, and there is no problem if there is a sufficient amount of air, but it is severe if there is no room. Fortunately, the tide time seems to be relatively short, so there may not be a problem with the required air volume, but if the water behind the partition wall escapes, the compressed air will reduce the pressure accordingly. Since the space area where the volume increases is expanded, the necessary volume of living air is maintained. Therefore, if the siphon principle is used, the water behind the partition wall can be drained by the pressure difference between the sudden decrease in the external water pressure caused by the tsunami tide and the accompanying compression air pressure. Solvable.

In order to solve such a problem, the tsunami evacuation room of the present invention is a tsunami evacuation room with an entrance opening structure provided with a partition wall inside, in order to ensure the necessary amount of air without escaping at the time of tsunami tide In addition, a siphon device that promotes drainage of water blocked by the partition wall by utilizing the difference between the compressed air pressure inside the room and the external water pressure, or a valve valve or a plug is installed on the partition wall.

Further, in the tsunami evacuation room of the present invention, the siphon device is a shape-maintaining tube, and when installed across the partition wall, an air vent device is provided at the top, and when installed through the partition wall, from the entrance vertex height It is provided at a high position.

In the tsunami evacuation chamber of the present invention, the valve valve or plug installed in the partition wall is provided with a through hole formed at a position lower than the entrance vertex height of the partition wall.

Assuming an unexpected tsunami, it is a sealed evacuation room with a rising water surface that secures the necessary air even during submergence, but there is a possibility that it will be carried with air at the time of tide. That is, if there is a partition wall, the water that is filled there will not decrease until it exceeds the wall. Of course, the volume does not decrease. Therefore, the air that is going to expand under reduced pressure can only be reduced in volume. That is, air is bubbled from the inlet and escapes into the water, and the air pressure corresponding to the loss decreases until it balances with the water pressure at which the outside water level decreases. However, even if the amount of air required for survival is small, the internal pressure decreases until it balances with the external water pressure, so that the air is greatly released. If so, there is no original or child. Although the tide time is short, it may still be okay to survive, but there is room for consideration even if there is a margin in the design air volume. Therefore, in the siphon device that straddles the partition wall according to the principle of siphon, the full water in the back of the partition wall is pushed by the air pressure inside the room along with the decrease of the outer peripheral water pressure accompanying the decrease of the tsunami height at the time of tide. It is led out through the device. As a matter of course, the air expands due to the reduced pressure and tries to return to the original normal pressure and the original volume while the necessary amount of air is secured. Naturally, a large internal space is ensured, and the range of action is greatly expanded compared to the situation where the ceiling is limited to where water is stored. With this siphon device, the required amount of air is always secured in a balanced manner, and panic does not occur and safety and security are provided. Because it is closer and safer, the family does not have to run away. The burden of evacuation drills for midnight and elderly caregivers is significantly reduced. A large amount of air is needed to accommodate the submergence time, but the reinforced concrete evacuation room has a large capacity and can accommodate hundreds of people, saving many lives. The rise of the seawall and the relocation of the hills are not safe for unexpected tsunamis, and require huge expenses and long years. A disaster does not choose time and place. With the present invention, it is possible to quickly respond to the coming Tonankai earthquake and the like, and for example, it is useful for disaster prevention planning with the arrangement of every 1 km. In addition to tsunamis, it is also effective as a disaster prevention measure for elevations below the sea level and in areas along the ceiling river, during storm surges, typhoons, floods during heavy rains, river inundation due to bank breaks.

Relationship between the tsunami height of the tsunami evacuation room with the entrance opening structure and the gentle rise of the water level due to the compressed air inside, and the rise of the water level in the sealed space when the tsunami height is 1 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 40 m, 50 m Figure. In the figure, h-1, h-10, h-20, h-30, h-40, and h-50 are represented. The tsunami height is 1m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, 50m due to the relationship between the tsunami height when the partition wall higher than the entrance vertex height is provided in the tsunami evacuation room with the entrance opening structure and the gentle water level rise by the compressed air inside. The relation figure with the water level rise of sealed space in the case of. In the figure, h-1, h-10, h-20, h-30, h-40, and h-50 are represented. Stairs and internal high floors are installed, but are not shown in the figure. An assumption diagram showing how compressed air escapes from the entrance when the back of a partition wall is not fully drained during a tsunami tide. When it is set as the siphon apparatus which installed the air vent valve in the top part of the siphon apparatus straddling a partition wall, the water behind a partition wall will be discharged | emitted at the time of tsunami tide, and a water level will fall equally. FIG. 5 is a situation diagram in which water is introduced into the back of a partition wall by a siphon device provided through a partition wall at a position higher than the entrance apex height and pushed by a rise in water level when a tsunami arrives. Eventually, when the water level in the back reaches the outlet height of the siphon device, the pipe of the siphon device becomes full and the principle of siphon works. A situation diagram in which water inside the back is discharged according to the principle of the siphon when a tsunami tides, and the water level is equalized in a siphon device provided through a partition wall at a position higher than the entrance apex height. A situation diagram in which a hole is made below the partition wall, a valve valve is provided there, and a rope with a floating ring is used to open the valve from above the elevated floor. After the point when the outside water level exceeds the entrance apex height, a situation diagram in which the water level is balanced by pushing the stopper of the lower hole and guiding water to the back of the partition wall. In this case, the water in the inside will come out smoothly during the tide. The situation figure which pushes out with the stick | rod which connected the stopper of the hole provided in the downward direction of a partition wall at the time of providing an air holding independent body in the partition wall back.

A mode for carrying out the invention will be described. In the case of the tsunami evacuation room entrance opening structure, if there is no partition wall, the internal water level rises immediately in conjunction with the external tsunami water level. And at the time of ebb tide, the same linkage that has been followed up to now is repeated in reverse. If there is a partition wall, it will not be directly hit by drifting objects, it will not get wet with water for a while, a large space for securing air volume can be taken, and on the other hand, the water filled with the partition wall remains at the time of tide Then, the compressed air escapes from the entrance in search of a refuge. Since the pressure is reduced at the time of tide, the air volume expands, but if it is stored with full water, the air that is released under reduced pressure and expands escapes from the entrance, and the internal action is inconvenient with full water. Therefore, when a siphon structure such as a drainage pipe that holds the shape across the partition wall (unsuitable to be flat like a hose) is used, and when the internal pressure and time lag are still larger than that due to the tsunami pressure reduction The siphon action works, and the water inside becomes a water flow state that is led to the outside. As a result, the water level inside the partition wall decreases with the tide of the tsunami, and the space volume increases, so that it is possible to maintain the necessary air volume without losing it. When the outside water volume increases, water enters into the back through the siphon device at a momentum, so that the apex is lower than the partition wall height, the apex air is easy to escape together when the external water level increases, and the reverse When the outside water level is pulled, the siphon device is automatically filled with water because there is no air and it is filled with water. Siphon devices are characterized by continuous flow when filled with water, but do not flow when air remains in the vicinity of the apex. When crossing the top, it is better to install an air vent valve for safety. For this purpose, it is necessary to train local disaster prevention staff. When a hole is provided in the partition wall and siphon is passed, it is provided between the entrance apex height and the partition wall apex. If there is a U-shaped groove or gap other than the hole, there is no point in increasing the height of the partition wall because water enters the inside. A method of opening a hole below the partition wall and installing a bubble valve and a stopper is also conceivable. In this case, remember that the water is full. You need to be able to pull it out from above. Since the water pressure inside and outside is balanced, if the stopper is inclined to the outside or the bubble valve is opened to the outside, there is no concern that the wedge will work and jump out inside.

It is the example which installed the siphon apparatus straddling on the partition wall. The siphon device is a solid drain pipe or the like, and a hose that cannot keep its shape is inappropriate. Since water does not change in volume, the partition wall cannot be backflowed, that is, cannot be crossed without the siphon device. When the water level rises behind the partition wall, the water pressure near the inlet suddenly drops, creating a difference from the internal air pressure, which is pushed by the instantaneous pressure difference and backflowed by the siphon device. Promotes drainage and lowers the internal water level. However, there is a possibility that air may remain in the vicinity of the apex on the way. In that case, the siphon action may not work, so an air vent valve is installed at the apex.

This is an example in which the siphon device is provided between the height of the partition wall and the height of the entrance vertex. In this case, when the water level rises due to a tsunami, water enters the back, so there is no air at the top of the siphon device. The drain pipe continues to be full. Therefore, it automatically shifts to reverse drainage even at low tide. However, if a U-shaped cut or gap is made in the concrete when the drain pipe is installed, water will leak from it, making it meaningless to have a high partition wall. It is important to fill up the top and concrete into the gap.

This is an example in which a bubble valve and a stopper are provided below the partition wall. The through hole is preferably 30 cm or higher from the floor because mud is expected to accumulate. At the beginning of the tsunami, water can be prevented from entering from the outside to the outside, and at the time of tide, the direction of natural force can be used if the through-holes are inclined and tapered outward so that they can drain from the back to the outside. . If the plug comes off, water will enter the inside and the amount of air will be slightly reduced. Since the water pressure is balanced inside and outside, no special force is required, but the inside must be able to be operated from above, assuming a full water condition up to the partition wall height. Since the pulling operation is easier than the pushing operation, it is necessary to be able to take the bubble valve and the rope for pulling the stopper outward near the top of the partition wall on the inlet side. If it is a rope, it can be rolled up on a wall or attached to a wall in case it is dropped.

When there is an air holding independent body inside, there is air to the lower side, so it is easier to unplug if there is a through hole under the partition wall, rather than operating above. In this case, it is pushed out from the inside with a rod-shaped object. Of course, a siphon device may be used, but the apex height of the siphon device that does not require an air vent valve, that is, an intermediate position between the inlet height and the partition wall height should be selected.

The maximum height of the tsunami that is expected in conjunction with the three Tonankai earthquakes is 34.4m. However, if the entrance is open, the water pressure and air pressure inside and outside are balanced, so that the tsunami with an unexpected height can be used. Can withstand. For reference, a design example of the tsunami evacuation room body with an entrance opening structure is shown. A 3m * 4m * 6m, 0.35m thick reinforced concrete evacuation room installed in an open space, with an entrance opening structure and a partition wall for preventing drifting object impact inside, a dangerous inlet turbidity zone and a safe evacuation zone Examples of evacuation rooms are shown below. The amount of air required for one person to survive is said to be 1 m3 / hour. For an evacuation room for 40 adults, an air volume of 40m3 is required to withstand one hour. For approximate calculation, if the room is a cuboid room with a height of 3m, a width of 4m, and a depth of 6m, the internal volume If the entrance height is 1m, it is 2 * 4 * 6 = 48m3, and there is enough air even for 1 hour to ebb. If the plane space to evacuate is 4 people / m2, 40/4 * 6 ≒ 1.7 people / m2 There is room for evacuation. The buoyancy is 2 * 4 * 6 = 48 tf without opening the entrance, and the weight is the surface area * concrete wall thickness * unit weight = 2 * (12 + 18 + 24) * 0.35 * 2.5 = 94.5 tf when the concrete wall thickness is 35 cm. And weight> buoyancy and does not lift. The horizontal moment is 15 * (3 * 4) * 3/2 = 270tf · m, the resistance moment when the horizontal sweep force of 15tf / m2 is received by 3m * 4m on the sea side with reference to the jet experiment at the Port and Airport Research Institute. = 94.5 * 6/2 = 283.5 tf · m, resists the sweeping force that is a horizontal force, and does not fall. However, in the vicinity of the seaside, considering the simultaneous buoyancy, it is a rectangular parallelepiped with the height of the evacuation room reduced and the area on the seaside reduced, or it is streamlined, the floor bottom is thickened, Further measures such as providing protrusions such as clogged teeth or taking anchors in the ground are conceivable. The entrance apex height is 1 m, the height of the partition wall of the drifting object impact prevention function from the floor is 2.0 m, and the high floor height is less than 2 m. Up to 1m at the top of the entrance, it rises in conjunction with the surrounding water level, but the water level rises by a 10m tsunami, the surrounding water level is 10m, the inside becomes 2 atm, and the remaining air volume is halved. . At the water level of the tsunami 50 m, the pressure becomes 6 atm and the sealed air volume becomes 1/6, and the water level rises to that level. The high floor has a space height of 1m to the ceiling, so you can breathe fully. Keep a stepladder for children. Since the retraction inlet is a release opening and the atmospheric pressure inside is equal to the outside water pressure, there is no need to consider the structural external pressure. Although it is an extreme example even if it is not expected, even if a tsunami of 90m comes, 1/10 air remains. The airtightness of the enclosed space is important and no vents should be provided. When vents are provided, air escapes due to the rising pressure of the water surface. If the concrete is cracked by an earthquake or the like in the sealed space, the air will escape when the water level rises. Pressure rise due to water level up to 3m ceiling height is 0.2 to 0.3 atm, so if you lay a two-layer waterproof sheet, reinforced plastic, or steel plate that can withstand it, it will cope with water leakage if there is no crack transmission it can. Since the muddy flow and the drifting material are inundated at the entrance, it can be relieved by separating the evacuation zone by providing a partition wall with the function of preventing the drifting material impact. Naturally, a stairway for people to get over the partition is necessary. Since the mud has accumulated at the entrance after drawing, prepare a scoop. In addition, if you have a scuba tank, you can rest assured.

In the Tonankai area where a large tsunami due to an earthquake is expected, early, effective and economical measures are required. The evacuation room that can be installed in the immediate vicinity and is safe and secure against unexpected tsunamis can be evacuated with a large capacity. It can also serve as the framework structure of a building, and can also be used for design and construction as a seismic reinforcement wall. In other areas, extension work that installs evacuation rooms in existing buildings will enable more effective disaster prevention measures such as earthquake resistance, tsunami, storm surge, and flooding.

1 Concrete wall of the tsunami evacuation room 2 Entrance of the tsunami evacuation room with the entrance opening structure 3 Partition wall 4 Water that is fully drained inside the partition wall at the time of tsunami tide Air bubbles coming out 6 siphon device across the partition wall
7 Air venting device provided at the top of the siphon device 8 Siphon device provided through the partition wall at a position higher than the inlet apex height 9 Bubble valve 11 bubble valve attached to the raised floor 10 through-hole installed inside the partition wall A rope 12 for opening the rope from the top, a floating ring 13 attached to the tip of a rod, a sloped plug 14 provided in a through hole, a rod 15 for pushing out a plug, an air retaining independent body 16 provided in an indoor part of a partition wall, an outside water level

Claims (3)

This is a tsunami evacuation room with an entrance opening structure that has a partition wall inside, and in order to ensure that the necessary air volume does not escape during the tsunami tide, the compressed air pressure inside the room is drained from the water blocked by the partition wall. A tsunami evacuation room characterized by the installation of a valve or plug on the partition wall, or a siphon device that uses the difference between water pressure and external water pressure. The siphon device is a shape-holding tube, and when installed across the partition wall, an air vent device is provided at the top, and when installed through the partition wall, the siphon device is provided at a position higher than the inlet apex height. The tsunami evacuation room according to claim 1. 2. The tsunami evacuation room according to claim 1, wherein the valve valve or the plug installed in the partition wall is provided there through a through hole at a position lower than the entrance vertex height of the partition wall.

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