JP5462319B2 - Tsunami evacuation room, drifting material used in it, fire prevention door - Google Patents
Tsunami evacuation room, drifting material used in it, fire prevention door Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、想定外の津波にも、浸水は許すものの漂流物や火災の侵入を許さない扉構造とし、どこまでも安全に生存必要空気量を保持できるとした津波退避部屋に関する。The present invention relates to a tsunami evacuation room that has a door structure that allows inundation, but does not allow invasion of drifting objects and fires, even when an unexpected tsunami occurs, and can keep the necessary amount of air safely.
津波対策として高い防潮堤、高台、高い建物が有効であるといわれている。そこにいち早く逃げることである。しかし、高い防潮堤の構築や高台移転には巨額の予算と長い歳月を要する。沿岸部に高い建物があるとは限らない。しかも、いずれも想定外の津波にどこまでなら絶対安全という保証はない。災害は時と場所を選ばない。明日かもしれない巨大地震の発生確率が高まっている。日中の訓練があるにしても津波警報のたびに避難しているかというとそうでもなさそうだ。夜中や介護高齢者は行動を伴わない。津波がこない空振りもある。そういう時に、寺田寅彦先生の名言「天災は、忘れられたる頃来る」がある。幸いに、津波は地震のあとにしか来ない。到達時間も予想され、時間的余裕もある。しかし、予想と実際は異なることが多々ある。予想が大きすぎても現実味がない。オオカミ少年のたとえがある。想定外の津波では、すぐ逃げることができる退避部屋が、身近にあることが最も重要である。すなわち、日頃の避難訓練があるにしても遠いところに車で逃げる前提では集中渋滞は明らかで、晩酌後の飲酒運転はどうするのか。沿岸地域の住民は酒も飲めない。入浴中では着の身着のままである。そこで、身近の退避部屋が考えられている。ところが、退避部屋を完全密閉の構造体とすると大圧力がかかることは明白であり、それに耐える耐圧耐水の入口扉と全体の構造設計は容易でなく、扉も高価となり、構造壁も厚くなる。It is said that high seawalls, hills, and tall buildings are effective as tsunami countermeasures. It is to escape quickly there. However, the construction of high seawalls and the relocation of hills require a huge budget and long years. There are not always tall buildings on the coast. In addition, there is no guarantee that absolute safety will be achieved in any case for unexpected tsunamis. A disaster does not choose time and place. The probability of a huge earthquake that may be tomorrow is increasing. Even if there is daytime training, it seems not to be evacuated at every tsunami warning. Midnight and elderly caregivers do not take action. There is also a swing that does not cause a tsunami. At that time, there is a quote from Dr. Akihiko Terada, “Natural disasters come when they are forgotten.” Fortunately, the tsunami comes only after the earthquake. The arrival time is also expected and there is a time margin. However, there are many differences between expectations and reality. Even if the prediction is too large, there is no reality. There is a parable of a wolf boy. In an unexpected tsunami, it is most important that there is an evacuation room that allows you to escape immediately. In other words, even if there is a daily evacuation drill, it is clear that there is a heavy traffic congestion on the premise of running away by car, and what about drunk driving after supper? Coastal residents cannot drink. During bathing, she remains dressed. Therefore, a familiar evacuation room is considered. However, if the evacuation room is a completely sealed structure, it is obvious that a large pressure is applied. The pressure resistant and water resistant entrance door and the entire structural design that can withstand it are not easy, the door is expensive, and the structural wall is also thick.
津波退避部屋は、水没しても生存必要空気量を保持する必要がある。退避部屋に逃げ込むことから入口を設けるがここに構造的に解放入口とするか閉鎖式入口とするかで外力の負荷が大きく異なる。すなわち、前者は天井までの上昇水面で空気が圧縮されながらも保持できる方法で、後者は完全密閉で空気をそのまま保持するものである。退避部屋を完全密閉の構造体とすると大圧力がかかることは明白であり、想定外の津波では高さ設定も大きめとなり、それに耐える耐圧耐水の入口扉と全体の構造設計は安全率も明確でなく、かつ容易でなく、扉も高価となり、構造壁も厚くなる。そこで、入口解放の構造とすると、水が退避部屋に侵入し内外で水が連続し、その内外の圧力がバランスしていることから、どんなに大きな想定外の津波でも構造的な圧力問題はなく、上昇水面と天井との間に空気は圧縮されながらも保持できている。そこでは、漂流物の衝突、衝撃や火災の侵入、さらにすぐ入口頂点高さまで水位が上がるために退避部屋の中は水浸しで濡れる、そして生存空気量が入口頂点高さより上の空間体積量となるためにロスが生じる、中に衝撃防止壁を設ける場合は比較的高い壁とするため上り下りに労苦を要するなどの課題がある。これに対して、退避部屋のどこかに開口を設け、水を自由に透過させ、入口部には漂流物や火災を侵入させない扉を設けることで解決できる。The tsunami evacuation room must maintain the necessary air volume even if it is submerged. An entrance is provided to escape into the evacuation room, but the load of external force varies greatly depending on whether the entrance is structurally a release entrance or a closed entrance. That is, the former is a method in which air can be held while being compressed on the rising water surface up to the ceiling, and the latter is completely sealed and holds air as it is. It is clear that a large pressure is applied if the evacuation room is a completely sealed structure, the height setting is also large in unexpected tsunamis, the pressure-resistant and water-resistant entrance door that can withstand it and the overall structural design have a clear safety factor And it is not easy, the doors are expensive, and the structural walls are thick. Therefore, with the structure of opening the entrance, water enters the evacuation room, the water continues inside and outside, and the pressure inside and outside is balanced, so there is no structural pressure problem even with a large unexpected tsunami, Air can be held while being compressed between the rising water surface and the ceiling. There, there are collisions of drifting objects, impacts and fire intrusions, and the water level rises immediately to the height of the entrance vertex, so that the evacuation room gets wet with water immersion, and the amount of living air becomes the volume of space above the entrance vertex height. For this reason, there is a problem that loss occurs, and when an impact prevention wall is provided in the inside, a relatively high wall is required, and labor is required for going up and down. On the other hand, the problem can be solved by providing an opening somewhere in the evacuation room, allowing water to freely pass through, and providing a door that does not allow drifting objects or fire to enter the entrance.
このような課題を解決するために、本発明の津波退避部屋は、想定外の津波にも生存必要空気量を確保するため、退避部屋の入口部に、水の侵入を許すが、漂流物、火災の侵入を許さない扉構造、または構築物を設置することを特徴とする。In order to solve such problems, the tsunami evacuation room of the present invention allows the invasion of water at the entrance of the evacuation room in order to ensure the amount of air necessary for survival even in unexpected tsunamis, It is characterized by installing a door structure or structure that does not allow the invasion of fire.
また、本発明の津波退避部屋用の入口扉構造は、前記扉は、前記扉自体に穴がない全面扉とし、パッキンを扉の左右及び上方裏側もしくは横側、または入口の壁あるいはその両方に設けて防水とし、水の侵入部は扉の下の開口部からとしたことを特徴とする。In the entrance door structure for a tsunami evacuation room according to the present invention, the door is a full-face door without a hole in the door itself, and packing is provided on the left and right and upper back side or side of the door, or the entrance wall or both. It is provided and waterproof, and the water intrusion portion is formed from the opening under the door.
また、本発明の津波退避部屋用の入口扉構造は、前記扉は、パッキンを設けない扉で、入口部の壁との間に隙間を設け水の侵入部とした穴のない全面扉、または水が侵入する多数の小穴を設けた扉、もしくは水が侵入する格子状、柵状や金網状の扉としたことを特徴とする。Further, the entrance door structure for a tsunami evacuation room according to the present invention is a door that does not have packing, and is a full door without a hole that has a gap between the entrance wall and a water intrusion portion, or It is characterized by being a door provided with a large number of small holes through which water enters, or a lattice-like, fence-like or wire-mesh-like door through which water enters.
また、本発明の津波退避部屋用の入口扉構造は、前記扉の穴やその周辺の水の侵入部にフィルターや幕を設け、火災の侵入防止としたことを特徴とする。Moreover, the entrance door structure for a tsunami evacuation room according to the present invention is characterized in that a filter and a curtain are provided in the door hole and the water intrusion portion in the vicinity thereof to prevent intrusion of fire.
また、本発明の津波退避部屋用の入口扉構造は、前記扉に、閉鎖した入口の扉が漂流物の衝撃で開かないよう、さらにはパッキンと密着するよう壁内側との間でかんぬきを設けたことを特徴とする。Further, the entrance door structure for a tsunami evacuation room according to the present invention is provided with a bolt between the inside of the door so that the door of the closed entrance does not open due to the impact of a drifting object, and is in close contact with the packing. It is characterized by that.
また、本発明の津波退避部屋用の入口構築物は、前記入口部を、扉構造に代わりにコンクリートブロック、レンガ、蛇篭積み、あるいはコンクリートパネルの落とし込みなどで前記構築物を構築することを特徴とする。The entrance structure for a tsunami evacuation room according to the present invention is characterized in that the entrance is constructed by using concrete blocks, bricks, gabion piles, or dropping concrete panels instead of the door structure.
また、本発明の津波退避部屋は、津波で泥土の堆積が想定される地域の場合、脱出時に内部から除去できるよう、前記入口部の扉の下部にコンクリートブロック、レンガ、モルタル、ソイルセメントなど撤去しやすい材料でかまちを形成したことを特徴とする。In addition, the tsunami evacuation room of the present invention removes concrete blocks, bricks, mortar, soil cement, etc. at the lower part of the door of the entrance part so that it can be removed from the inside when escaping in the area where mud accumulation is assumed in the tsunami. It is characterized in that the stile is made of a material that is easy to do.
また、本発明の津波退避部屋は、前記扉、または構築物を設けた退避部屋の内部に、水の侵入部高さより高い仕切り壁を設けたことを特徴とする。Moreover, the tsunami evacuation room of the present invention is characterized in that a partition wall higher than the water intrusion height is provided inside the evacuation room provided with the door or structure.
また、本発明の津波退避部屋は、前記扉、または構築物を設けた退避部屋の内部に、水の侵入高さより高い高床、足場を設けたことを特徴とする。Moreover, the tsunami evacuation room of the present invention is characterized in that an elevated floor and a scaffold higher than the water intrusion height are provided inside the evacuation room provided with the door or the structure.
また、本発明の津波退避部屋は、前記水の侵入部高さより高い位置の側壁、天井沿いに上に凸の強化プラスチィック、防水シートなどを張ったことを特徴とする。Further, the tsunami evacuation room of the present invention is characterized in that a reinforced plastic, a waterproof sheet, or the like that is convex upward is stretched along the side wall and the ceiling at a position higher than the water intrusion height.
想定外の津波であっても常に退避部屋内の上昇水面との間で生存空気が保持できるため、想定外の巨大津波対策にも有効で、しかも身近に設置できる津波退避部屋を提供する。安全設計高さに限界のない防潮堤や高台移転とは別に、予想津波高さの追加変更に修正の必要がなく有効で、津波到達時間が数分という予想地域では、地域防災計画で安心して立案、設計することができ、しかも順次完成、早期の完成が可能である。加えて総工事費も少ない。すぐ退避できるので多くの人命は助かる。退避部屋は、その水没中には入口から水が侵入するいわゆる入口解放の構造で、内部の上昇水面により天井との間に密閉構造を形成することで生存必要空気量を確保できる。水の侵入が自由であれば、当然に内外の水圧、圧縮空気圧がバランスされているので構造体は特別な耐圧設計を必要としないメリットがある。入口部には、例えば漂流物の侵入を防止する鋼製扉、耐衝撃性の鉄格子、油分の侵入を防止する耐火性フィルターで火災の炎の侵入を防止できる。このため、水面上で火災が心配される石油コンビナート地域、家庭用プロパンガス使用地域では特に有効であるといえる。また、密閉式の扉に比べて、逃げ遅れた人が到着してから扉を再び開けても何ら問題がない。すなわち、扉を閉めるタイミングに悩む必要はなく犠牲者を生む良心の呵責に苛まされることがない。水の侵入部はできるだけ低くした方が中の空気保持量の計算には有利となる。扉の下部を開口とする場合、扉に防水パッキンを設けるが、すぐ内外の水圧がバランスするので完全耐圧のパッキンである必要はない。防水性も外水面が入口高さまで水漏れしない程度でよい。中の仕切り壁の高さを水の侵入部の高さより高くすると、その奥の空間が生存必要空気量の計算となるため何も設けない場合より空気量に余裕ができるというメリットがある。しかも、仕切り壁により、津波が水の侵入部高さより高くなるまで水に濡れないという気分的な効果もある。扉を設けると仕切り壁は比較的低くてすむため、階段は最少であり介護高齢者や幼児には優しいといえる。万が一、扉が破れた場合でも、元々水は侵入しているため突入という事態とはならず、内部の仕切り壁が防御となる安心感も大きい。また、巨大地震により大きな変形、ひび割れを生じた場合でも上に凸の防水シートを張っておけば、残っている構造物の壁で形状がそれ以上崩れないため空気が保持され、さらなる安心につながる。上に凸、下に開口の内部で空気を保持できれば、水中では空気は上に上がるので、その囲いの中に生存必要空気量が守られたといえる。大勢の人命が退避部屋に避難するがその退避部屋が潰れたり、密閉空気を失ったりしては大惨事である。皮肉にも地震で避難前に崩壊していればまだしも、高台に逃げればよかったと遺族に責められる。数多くの人の命を預かる責任は重大である。万が一の安全対策を講じる必要がある。すなわち、例え構造体本体が損傷していようとも、津波の水没中に密閉空気量が逃げださないことが肝要である。ひび割れの退避部屋の壁とは隔絶した、人数＊時間相当の生存に必要な空気量を漏れ出さない、上に凸、下に開口の空気保持により生存できる。防水シートは身近の退避部屋の中に設置するので、まさしく２重で、究極の安全・安心を提供する。鉄筋コンクリート造りのマンション内では家族単位の避難部屋も可能でバラバラで逃げる必要もない。夜中や介護高齢者の避難訓練の負担も相当に軽減される。水没時間に比例して大きな空気量が必要であるが、鉄筋コンクリート造りの避難部屋は容量も大きく、百人単位の収容も可能で、校庭や屋上の身近な設置で学童など大勢の人命が助かる。学校、マンションなどの鉄筋コンクリート造りでは構造壁の共有で耐震補強を兼ねることができる。防潮堤の嵩上げや高台移転では想定外の津波に対して安全に限がなく、巨額の予算、長い歳月を要する。災害は、時と場所を選ばない。本発明で、来る東南海地震等の３連動、５連動による巨大津波に対しても早期に対応できるため、例えば１ｋｍごとの順次配置とかで防災計画立案にも役立つ。さらに、津波以外にも、高潮や台風、竜巻、大雨時の洪水、堤防決壊による河川氾濫時、海抜以下や天井川沿い地域の防災対策としても有効である。いずれにしても、水没しても生存必要空気量を保つことができる身近の退避部屋を計画配置した早急な地域防災総合計画の立案に役立つ。順次、個別に建設することができるので、無理のない予算計画、合意形成の順などでも実現性が高い。Even if it is an unexpected tsunami, the living air can be maintained between the rising water surface in the evacuation room at all times. Therefore, an effective tsunami evacuation countermeasure can be provided, and a tsunami evacuation room that can be installed nearby is provided. Apart from seawalls and hill relocation with no limit in safe design height, there is no need to modify additional changes in the expected tsunami height, and it is effective in the expected area where the tsunami arrival time is several minutes. It can be designed and designed, and it can be completed and completed early. In addition, the total construction cost is low. Many lives can be saved because they can evacuate immediately. The retreat room has a so-called entrance opening structure in which water enters from the entrance during submergence, and a necessary living air amount can be secured by forming a sealed structure with the ceiling by the rising water surface inside. If water can freely enter, the structure has a merit that no special pressure-resistant design is required since the water pressure inside and outside and the compressed air pressure are naturally balanced. For example, a steel door that prevents intrusion of drifting objects, an impact-resistant iron grid, and a fire-resistant filter that prevents oil from entering can prevent the entry of fire flames. For this reason, it can be said that it is particularly effective in oil complex areas where fires are a concern on the surface of the water and areas where household propane gas is used. Also, compared to a sealed door, there is no problem even if the door is opened again after a person who has escaped has arrived. In other words, there is no need to worry about the timing of closing the door, and you will not be bothered by the conscience of giving birth to the victim. It is advantageous for the calculation of the air holding amount that the water intrusion portion is as low as possible. When the lower part of the door is opened, a waterproof packing is provided on the door. However, since the water pressure inside and outside is immediately balanced, it is not necessary to use a completely pressure-resistant packing. The waterproof property may be such that the outer water surface does not leak up to the entrance height. If the height of the inner partition wall is made higher than the height of the water intrusion part, the space behind it is calculated for the amount of air required for survival, so there is an advantage that the amount of air can be afforded more than when nothing is provided. In addition, the partition wall also has a mood effect that the tsunami does not get wet until the height of the tsunami becomes higher than the water intrusion height. If the door is provided, the partition wall can be relatively low, so the number of stairs is minimal and it can be said that it is friendly to elderly caregivers and infants. Even if the door is torn, the water has already invaded, so there is no rush, and there is a great sense of security that the internal partition walls protect. In addition, even if a large earthquake causes a large deformation or crack, if you put a convex waterproof sheet on top, the shape of the remaining structural wall will not collapse any further, and the air will be retained, leading to additional peace of mind. . If air can be held inside the opening and convex upward, the air will rise upward in the water, so it can be said that the amount of necessary air in the enclosure was protected. Many lives are evacuated to the evacuation room, but it is a disaster if the evacuation room is crushed or the air is lost. Ironically, the bereaved family is accused of having escaped to the hill if it had collapsed before the evacuation due to the earthquake. The responsibility to save the lives of many people is crucial. It is necessary to take safety measures. That is, even if the structure body is damaged, it is important that the amount of sealed air does not escape during the tsunami submergence. It can be survived by holding the air in the upward, convex, downward direction without leaking the amount of air necessary for survival equivalent to the number of people * time, which is isolated from the walls of the cracked evacuation room. The tarpaulin is installed in a nearby evacuation room, so it is exactly double, providing the ultimate safety and security. In reinforced concrete apartments, evacuation rooms for families are possible, so there is no need to run apart. The burden of evacuation drills for midnight and elderly caregivers is significantly reduced. A large amount of air is required in proportion to the submergence time, but the evacuation room made of reinforced concrete has a large capacity and can accommodate hundreds of people, and the close installation of the schoolyard and rooftop saves many lives such as school children. In reinforced concrete structures such as schools and condominiums, structural walls can be shared to provide seismic reinforcement. The rise of the seawall and the relocation of the hills are not safe for unexpected tsunamis, requiring a huge budget and long years. A disaster does not choose time and place. In the present invention, since it is possible to respond quickly to a huge tsunami caused by three or five linkages such as the coming Tonankai earthquake, it is useful for disaster prevention planning, for example, by sequentially arranging every 1 km. In addition to tsunamis, it is also effective as a disaster prevention measure for altitudes and typhoons, tornadoes, floods during heavy rains, river flooding due to levee breaks, and below the sea level and along the ceiling river. In any case, it is useful for making an immediate regional disaster prevention plan that plans and places a nearby evacuation room that can maintain the necessary air volume even if submerged. Since it can be constructed individually, it is highly feasible even in a reasonable budget plan and consensus building order.
発明を実施するための形態について述べる。津波退避部屋の構造は、入口閉鎖と入口開放の場合があるが、前者は密閉構造となるため全体に掛かる想定、想定外圧力に対して特殊設計を要する。後者は水の侵入を許すため内外の圧力がバランスして特殊な構造設計は要さない。生存必要空気量は入口高さ、水の侵入部高さを低くするほど多く確保できる。本発明では、入口は気密扉とせず、水の侵入を許す扉構造としている。そのため、漂流物の侵入を防ぐ鋼製扉、耐衝撃性の鉄格子状扉、衝撃緩和の金網状などの扉であるが、水の侵入を許す部分は扉自体もしくはその周辺、隙間に設け、その水の侵入部には火災の炎や油分の侵入を防止する難燃性フィルターや幕を設ける扉とその構成としている。入口の前面にコンクリートブロックなどを積み上げた構築物方式とすると経済的であり、津波後の泥土からの脱出も容易である。ただし、漂流物の衝撃で崩れないよう、ブロックをひも、網などで連結したりの作業を伴うとともに、最後には中からの作業となり壁との隙間が大きすぎたりのやり直しを伴う場合がある。介護高齢者、車椅子の人には当然最後にならないよう積み上げの段取りが必要だ。漂流物や火災の侵入を防止するために、扉を設けた方が煩雑さがなく安心である。扉は穴のない全面扉とした場合、防水パッキンを設ける方法と設けない方法がある。前者は扉の下部に開口を設け水の侵入口とする。後者は入口周辺の壁との間の隙間から水の侵入を確保できているといえる。扉に小穴を設ける場合は、火災の侵入防止と水が侵入しやすくするため多数設ける必要がある。格子状、柵状、金網状とする場合は油分を遮断するための難燃性のフィルターや幕をその隙間に組み込む。また、扉には両開き式、片開き式、落とし込み式、スライド式がある。外に泥土が堆積した場合を想定すると両開き式、片開き式は、脱出に苦労しそうである。落とし込み式は人が挟まれる心配があるし、上に上げるときに重い。スライド式も堆積泥土でスライドしなかったり、腐食、スライド機能維持などの問題がある。入口には平時の風雨の侵入防止のため約２０ｃｍ高さのかまちを設けるが、泥土の堆積が想定される地域では、これを撤去容易なコンクリートブロック材料で構築すれば、スコップで内部から堆積泥土の排除ができることから、頑丈な片開き式がより望ましい。平時の扉は防犯のため閉の状態とし、定期点検や訓練時に作動状況や腐食状況を確認する。水の侵入部の高さは、床面に近くて低い高さとすると最も多い空気量を保持できるが、扉に特に防水パッキンを用いなければ概ね入口頂点高さであるといえる。そこまでは津波の外水面高さと連動して同一水面で上昇するが、入口頂点高さより高くなると、津波の外水面の急激な上昇にかかわらず内部の水位は空気圧縮に従って穏やかに上昇する。中に設ける仕切り壁の高さは入口頂点高さより高くなるよう設置する。それより奥が退避スペースといえるが、外の津波高さが入口頂点高さより高くなると仕切り壁を越えて越流し、奥の退避スペースに水が侵入することは最初からの想定であり、あわてないよう周知しておく必要がある。高床、ビティなどの足場を設けておけば濡れることなく、かつ天井付近の空気を吸うことができる。防水シートをテントのように張ると例え地震で構造体にひび割れが入ってしまっていても空気が抜けることなく保持される。内外の圧力のバランスからシートは特別な耐圧シートである必要はなく、空気や水が漏れない上に凸の一枚ものであれば十分である。防水シートは壁とは接着させないため、形状保持のために単管の立体組などで枠組みしリフトアップすれば簡単にテント張りできる。退避部屋の平時は入口の防犯管理と携帯用送風機による空気の入れ換え程度が必要である。津波の後の脱出のために泥土をつつく棒またはスコップ、扉をたたく木槌、こじ開ける金属棒、バールさらにはしご、脚立、介護高齢者用いかだ、ボート、浮輪、ライフジャケット、オイルフェンス、スクーバ・タンク、懐中電灯、浮輪、ライフジャケット、耳栓、ドライバーなど必要に応じて用意しておけば何かと備えとなる。A mode for carrying out the invention will be described. The structure of the tsunami evacuation room may be closed or open, but the former has a sealed structure and requires a special design for the assumed and unexpected pressures. Since the latter allows water to enter, the internal and external pressures are balanced and no special structural design is required. The amount of air required for survival can be secured as the entrance height and the water intrusion height are lowered. In the present invention, the entrance is not an airtight door, but a door structure that allows water to enter. Therefore, it is a steel door that prevents the invasion of drifting objects, an impact-resistant iron lattice door, a wire mesh-like door for shock mitigation, etc., but the part that allows water to enter is provided in the door itself or its periphery, in the gap, The water intrusion part is configured with a door provided with a flame retardant filter and a curtain to prevent a fire flame and oil from entering. It is economical to use a construction system with concrete blocks stacked in front of the entrance, and it is easy to escape from mud after the tsunami. However, in order not to collapse due to the impact of the drifting object, it is necessary to connect the block with a string or a net, etc., and at the end it will be work from the inside, and there may be a case where the gap with the wall is too large and it will be redone. . For elderly caregivers and people in wheelchairs, it is necessary to prepare for stacking so as not to be the last. In order to prevent the invasion of drifting objects and fires, it is safer and less troublesome to provide a door. When the door is a full-face door without a hole, there are a method of providing a waterproof packing and a method of not providing it. In the former, an opening is provided at the bottom of the door to provide an entrance for water. The latter can be said to be able to ensure the invasion of water from the gap between the wall around the entrance. When providing small holes in the door, it is necessary to provide a large number of holes in order to prevent the intrusion of fire and facilitate the ingress of water. In the case of a lattice, fence, or wire mesh, a flame retardant filter or curtain for blocking oil is incorporated in the gap. Also, there are double-opening, single-opening, drop-in, and sliding types of doors. Assuming that mud has accumulated outside, the double-open type and single-open type are likely to have difficulty in escaping. The drop-in type has a concern that people may get caught, and it is heavy when raised up. The slide type also has problems such as not sliding due to sedimentary mud, corrosion, and maintenance of slide function. To prevent the intrusion of wind and rain during normal times, a stile with a height of about 20 cm is provided at the entrance. However, in areas where mud is expected to accumulate, if it is constructed with concrete block material that can be easily removed, the mud is deposited from the inside with a scoop. Therefore, it is more preferable to use a sturdy single-open type. The doors during normal times are closed for crime prevention, and the operating and corrosion conditions are checked during regular inspections and training. If the height of the water intrusion portion is close to the floor surface and low, it can hold the largest amount of air, but it can be said that it is almost the height of the entrance vertex unless a waterproof packing is used for the door. Up to that point, the water level rises at the same level in conjunction with the height of the tsunami. However, when the height is higher than the top of the entrance, the water level inside the tsunami rises gently according to air compression, regardless of the sudden rise of the tsunami. Install the partition wall inside so that it is higher than the top of the entrance. It can be said that the inner space is the evacuation space, but if the outside tsunami height is higher than the entrance apex height, it will overflow the partition wall and water will enter the inner evacuation space from the beginning. It is necessary to make it known. If a scaffolding such as a high floor or a bite is provided, the air near the ceiling can be sucked without getting wet. If the tarpaulin is stretched like a tent, even if the structure is cracked due to an earthquake, it will be retained without air leaking. From the balance of internal and external pressure, the sheet need not be a special pressure-resistant sheet, and it is sufficient if the sheet is convex and does not leak air or water. Since the waterproof sheet is not bonded to the wall, the tent can be easily stretched if it is lifted up and framed with a single tube solid structure to maintain its shape. During normal times of the evacuation room, it is necessary to manage crime at the entrance and replace the air with a portable blower. Sticks or scoops that puddle mud for escape after a tsunami, metal mallet that knocks on doors, metal bars that can be opened, bars and ladders, stepladders, elderly caregivers, boats, floats, life jackets, oil fences, scuba tanks If you have a flashlight, a float, a life jacket, earplugs, a screwdriver, etc., you will be prepared.
扉を穴のない全面扉の片開き方式とし、パッキンを施した場合の実施例をあげる。扉の横幅は入口幅より大きくし、入口の壁表面に設けたパッキンと密着する。水を通す必要があるため、扉の下を開口部としている。いずれ水位は入口頂点高さに達するのでパッキンも完全気密扉用のような耐圧、耐水性を必要としない。扉は、漂流物の衝撃に耐えればよいだけである。下の開口部は、火災の侵入防止のための硬質樹脂などのスカート垂れ幕程度でよい。水の侵入高さが低いので保有空気量は扉の下からの計算となり大きく、高床があるので中の仕切り壁は特に必要としない。扉の裏側と内部の壁との間にかんぬきを設けて締め上げると防水効果は高まる。An example will be given in the case where the door is a single door opening type with no holes and packing is applied. The width of the door is larger than the width of the entrance and is in close contact with the packing provided on the wall surface of the entrance. Since it is necessary to pass water, the opening is made under the door. Since the water level will eventually reach the height of the top of the entrance, the packing does not require pressure resistance and water resistance like those for a completely hermetic door. The door only has to withstand the impact of drifting objects. The lower opening may be a skirt hanging curtain such as a hard resin for preventing intrusion of fire. Since the water intrusion height is low, the amount of air held is calculated from the bottom of the door, and there is a high floor, so there is no need for a partition wall inside. The waterproof effect will be enhanced if a bolt is provided and tightened between the back side of the door and the inner wall.
扉を穴のない全面扉の片開き方式とし、パッキンを施さない実施例をあげる。水を通す必要があるため、入口の壁とは隙間を設け開口部としている。いずれ水位は入口頂点高さに達するので、扉は、漂流物の衝撃に耐えればよいだけである。隙間の開口部は、火災の侵入防止のための難燃性の多孔質材フィルターや幕があればよい。扉に小穴を多数あけた場合や格子状、金網状とした扉の場合も概ね同じである。扉の裏側と内部の壁との間にかんぬきを設けると漂流物の衝撃で開くことを防止できる。中に入口頂点高さより高い仕切り壁を設けると、設けない場合に比べて保持空気量が多くなるし、奥は少しでも濡れない空間ゾーンになる。An example will be given in which the door is a single door opening method with no holes and no packing is applied. Since it is necessary to allow water to pass through, an opening is provided with a gap from the entrance wall. Eventually the water level will reach the entrance apex height, so the door need only withstand the impact of drifting objects. The opening of the gap may be provided with a flame retardant porous material filter or curtain for preventing intrusion of fire. The same applies to the case where a large number of small holes are made in the door, or in the case of a lattice or wire mesh door. Opening due to the impact of drifting objects can be prevented by providing a hole between the back side of the door and the inner wall. If a partition wall higher than the entrance apex height is provided inside, the amount of retained air will be larger than when no partition wall is provided, and the interior will become a space zone that will not get wet even a little.
入口の前面にコンクリートブロックを積み上げた構築物とした実施例をあげる。ブロックと壁との間には密着したつもりでも隙間があるので水の侵入は確保できる。むしろ密着させた感じに積み上げるのがよい。漂流物で崩れないようブロックの穴を通して転結しておくと抵抗力は大きいといえる。積み上げる高さや横幅は入口寸法より大きく余裕をとっておくことが望ましい。避難訓練時に作業担当を決めて作業慣れしておく必要がある。The example which made the structure which piled up the concrete block in the front of the entrance is given. Even if you intend to make close contact between the block and the wall, there is a gap, so you can ensure water intrusion. Rather, it is better to build up a close touch. It can be said that the resistance is great if it is rolled through the hole in the block so that it will not collapse with drifting objects. It is desirable that the height and width to be stacked are larger than the entrance dimension and have a margin. It is necessary to decide the person in charge at the time of evacuation drill and get used to it.
仕切り壁を設け、さらに高床を設けて防水シートを張った例をあげる。仕切り壁は入口頂点高さより高くすると保持空気量が多くなるし、奥は少しでも濡れない空間ゾーンになる。高床は子供用には天井から１ｍ、大人用には天井から．１．３ｍ程度とする。Here is an example in which a partition wall is provided and a high floor is provided and a waterproof sheet is stretched. If the partition wall is made higher than the entrance apex height, the amount of retained air increases, and the interior becomes a space zone that does not get wet even a little. The high floor is 1m from the ceiling for children and from the ceiling for adults. It is about 1.3m.
また、参考として入口解放の津波退避部屋本体の設計例を示す。空地に設置した３ｍ＊４ｍ＊６ｍ、厚み０．３５ｍの鉄筋コンクリート造りの退避部屋とし、入口に漂流物や火災の侵入を防止するが、隙間から水の通過を許す扉を設置した退避部屋の例を示す。港湾空港技術研究所の射流実験から設計水平掃力を１５ｔｆ／ｍ２として、転倒モーメントには十分抵抗して大丈夫である。入口頂点高さを１ｍとし、仕切り壁の床からの高さを１．３ｍとし、高床高さを１．７ｍと２ｍとする。入口頂点高さの１ｍまでは周辺の水位に連動して上昇するが、１０ｍの津波で、周辺が１０ｍの水位で、内部は２気圧となり中の残りの空気体積が半分となるまで水位が上がる。津波５０ｍの水位では６気圧となり密閉空気体積は１／６になり、水位はそこまで上がる。高床には天井まで１ｍの空間高さがあるので十分に呼吸ができる。子供用には台、脚立を備えておく。退避用入口が解放開口部となっているので中の気圧と外の水圧が等しいため、構造的な外圧は特に考慮する必要はない。想定外としても極端な例であるが、９０ｍの津波が来たとしても１／１０の空気が残っている。入口解放といえども密閉空間の気密性は大切で、通気孔は設けてはならない。通気孔を設けると水面上昇の圧力で空気が逃げて一挙に危険となる。密閉空間に地震等によるコンクリートの津波前のひび割れができていれば水位が上がるときに空気が抜けていく。３ｍの天井高さまでの水位による気圧上昇は、０．２から０．３気圧なのでそれに耐えられる程度の２層防水シート、あるいは強化プラスチック、鋼板を敷設しておけば、ひび割れの伝達がなければ漏水に対応できる。仕切り壁を乗り越えるための階段等は当然に必要である。引き水後は泥が入口に堆積しているので撤去しやすいかまち材とともにスコップ、木槌を備えておく。あわせて、スクーバ・タンクを備えておけばより安心できる。For reference, a design example of the main entrance tsunami evacuation room is shown. An example of a evacuation room with a 3m * 4m * 6m, 0.35m-thick reinforced concrete evacuation room installed in an open area, and a door that allows water to pass through the gap, while preventing drifting objects and fires from entering the entrance. Indicates. The design horizontal sweeping force is set to 15 tf / m2 based on the jet experiment of the Port and Airport Research Institute, and it is safe to resist the tipping moment. The entrance apex height is 1 m, the height of the partition wall from the floor is 1.3 m, and the high floor height is 1.7 m and 2 m. Up to 1 m at the top of the entrance, it rises in conjunction with the surrounding water level, but the water level rises by a 10 m tsunami, the surrounding water level is 10 m, the inside becomes 2 atm, and the remaining air volume is halved. . At the water level of the tsunami 50 m, the pressure becomes 6 atm and the sealed air volume becomes 1/6, and the water level rises to that level. The high floor has a space height of 1m to the ceiling, so you can breathe fully. A stand and stepladder shall be provided for children. Since the retraction inlet is a release opening, the internal atmospheric pressure and the external water pressure are equal, so there is no need to consider the structural external pressure. Although it is an extreme example even if it is not expected, even if a tsunami of 90 m comes, 1/10 air remains. Even when the entrance is open, the airtightness of the sealed space is important, and vent holes should not be provided. If a vent hole is provided, air escapes due to the rising pressure of the water surface, which becomes dangerous at once. If the concrete is cracked before the tsunami of the concrete due to an earthquake or the like, the air will escape when the water level rises. Pressure rise due to water level up to 3m ceiling height is 0.2 to 0.3 atm, so if you install a two-layer tarpaulin, reinforced plastic or steel plate that can withstand it, it will leak if there is no transmission of cracks It can correspond to. Of course, stairs to get over the partition walls are necessary. After pulling water, mud accumulates at the entrance, so a scoop and a wooden mallet are provided along with a scouring material that is easy to remove. In addition, if you have a scuba tank, you can rest assured.
連動地震による大津波が想定される東南海地域においては、早期かつ経済的で効果的対策が求められる。身近に設置でき、かつ想定外の津波にも安全安心な退避部屋は、大容量で大勢の退避が可能である。マンションなどで壁に装着すれば家族用にも可能である。建物の骨組み構造を兼ねることも可能で、さらに耐震補強壁としても設計施工に対応可能である。また、その他地域でも、既設建物に退避部屋を設置する増築工事で、より効果的な耐震対策、津波、高潮、洪水、竜巻など幅広い地域防災対策が可能となる。In the Tonankai area where a large tsunami due to a linked earthquake is expected, early, economical and effective measures are required. The evacuation room that can be installed in the immediate vicinity and is safe and secure against unexpected tsunamis can be evacuated with a large capacity. It can also be used for families by attaching it to a wall in an apartment. It can also serve as the framework structure of a building, and can also be used for design and construction as a seismic reinforcement wall. In other areas, extension work that installs evacuation rooms in existing buildings will enable more effective anti-earthquake measures, tsunamis, storm surges, floods, and tornadoes.
１入口解放の津波退避部屋
２入口部
３入口部の扉
４入口部の扉の下部のかまち部
５取手
６退避部屋構造本体の天井壁
７本体の側壁（内壁、外壁と部分表現するときもある）
８本体の床
９高さ１ｍ強の仕切り壁
１０入口部にコンクリートブロックを積み上げた構築物
１１高さ１．７ｍと１．０ｍの大人用と子供用の高床
１２内部に設置された上に凸、下に開口の防水シート。シートの裾はできるだけ下まである方が保有空気量は大きい。ただし、出入りにはめくる必要がある。
１３津波高さ０．２ｍ、１．０ｍ、１０ｍ、２０ｍ、３０ｍ、４０ｍの場合の津波退避部屋内の上昇水位と空気圧縮の様子、ここでは、Ｈ−１、−１０、−２０、−３０、−４０と表示している。
１４穴のない全面扉
１５扉の下の開口部の火災侵入防止の幕
１６扉の裏側の防水パッキン
１７扉の取り付けのちょうつがい
１８扉と壁との隙間に設けた火災防止用フィルター
１９小穴を設けた扉
２０格子状の鋼製扉
２１火災防止用フィルター
２２金網状とした扉
２３かんぬき1 entrance open
8 Floor of main body 9
13 Ascending water level and air compression in the tsunami evacuation room when the tsunami height is 0.2m, 1.0m, 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, here H-1, -10, -20, -30 -40.
14 full-face doors with no 14
Claims (10)
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| JP5462319B2 true JP5462319B2 (en) | 2014-04-02 |
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| JP6368892B1 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-08-01 | 冨田 盟子 | Buildings with evacuation rooms for tsunami, flood and storm surge countermeasures |
| JP6547094B2 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-07-17 | 冨田 盟子 | Building with evacuation room for tsunami, flood and storm surge |
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| JPH10159388A (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 1998-06-16 | Yukio Kanazawa | Tsunami shelter |
| JP2008180055A (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-08-07 | Fujika:Kk | Evacuating device from emergencies such as tsunami and flood |
| JP4822087B1 (en) * | 2011-04-30 | 2011-11-24 | 正仁 古郡 | Tsunami shelter |
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