JP2013234556A - Evacuation shelter for emergency situation such as tsunami and flood - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an evacuation shelter for emergency situations such as a tsunami and a flood, which can secure a long evacuatable time zone while securing airtightness in the shelter and which can evacuate as many dwellers as possible thereto.SOLUTION: An evacuation shelter for emergency situations such as a tsunami and a flood includes a shelter body which has an inside as an evacuation room; an evacuation gate with a hermetically closable-type door, which can guide an evacuee to the evacuation room; and an evacuation route which connects the evacuation gate and the evacuation room. A plurality of evacuation gates are separately disposed in a height direction so that the evacuee can be evacuated through an evacuation gate on the side higher than a low-side evacuation gate even when the low-side evacuation gate is closed.

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation shelter in an emergency such as a tsunami or flood.

  The tsunami that occurred in the recent Great East Japan Earthquake exceeded the assumptions, and there were places where it exceeded 20 meters due to land subsidence. The present applicant has proposed a tsunami evacuation device that assumes such a high tsunami attack.

  JP2008-14112

  According to the tsunami evacuation device disclosed in Patent Document 1, since it is a steel structure type high tsunami evacuation device, if evacuated there, it can be saved from the tsunami. According to the review, there are municipalities of 30m or more far exceeding 20m, and when building a tsunami evacuation device corresponding to it, it becomes a device of 40m or more, and if it is so, it will take time to climb and evacuate with a high device In addition, there is a possibility that the structure may be lifted or damaged when a tsunami wave force is applied to the entire apparatus. In order to solve such problems, there is a proposal to install shelter for evacuation. In this shelter system, the main part of the shelter, which is the main part of evacuation, is buried underground, and an evacuation port leading to the main part is opened at the ground level and closed with a sealed door. It is. With such a shelter, the tsunami attack warning is actually received and the sealed door cannot be secured unless the sealed door is closed for a certain period of time. If it is closed, even if you try to run after that, you can not even evacuate in the shelter and the inhabitants who have been left behind will not be saved other than that and will be caught up in the tsunami flow is a big problem It becomes.

  The present invention is intended to solve the above-mentioned problems, such as a tsunami / flood that can evacuate as many inhabitants as possible by taking a long evacuation period while ensuring airtightness in the shelter. The purpose is to provide shelter for evacuation in case of emergency.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 includes a shelter body having an interior as an evacuation chamber, an evacuation port with a sealable door capable of guiding an evacuator into the evacuation chamber, and an evacuation port Evacuation shelter in case of emergency such as a tsunami or flood that has an evacuation route connecting between the evacuation room and the evacuation room, and the evacuation port on the lower side is closed with a plurality of evacuation ports divided in the height direction Also, it can be evacuated through the higher exit. The shelter for evacuation according to the present invention can also be used for escape when a gust of wind including a tornado, typhoon, or house wind is generated.
The invention according to claim 2 is the one according to claim 1, in which the main cylinder having the helical climbing means on the inner periphery and the outer periphery is vertically oriented and climbs from the ground to the upper end via the outer climbing means. It is possible to combine an evacuation guide tower that can be evacuated into the evacuation chamber of the shelter body through the inner climbing means.

  As described above, the present invention provides a shelter body having an inside as an evacuation chamber, an evacuation port with a sealable door capable of guiding an evacuator to the evacuation chamber, and an evacuation route for communicating between the evacuation port and the evacuation chamber Evacuation shelter for emergency situations such as tsunamis and floods, which can be evacuated through higher evacuation exits even if the lower evacuation exits are closed by dividing the evacuation exits in the height direction. The shelter for emergency situations such as tsunamis and floods that can take as much time as possible to evacuate while ensuring airtightness in the shelter and can evacuate as many residents as possible Can be provided.

  The top view of the shelter which shows one Embodiment of this invention as a top view of FIG.   The side view of the shelter of FIG.   The plane schematic diagram which shows other embodiment of an evacuation route.   AA line sectional view of Drawing 3.   The plane schematic diagram which shows other embodiment of an evacuation route.   The perspective view which shows other embodiment for protecting an evacuation exit from a tsunami flow.   The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows other embodiment about an evacuation route.   The perspective view which shows other embodiment about an external escape stairs and an escape exit.   The front view which shows other embodiment about an external escape stairs and an escape exit.   The top view of the shelter which shows other embodiment as a top view of FIG.   The side view of FIG.   The shelter side view which shows other embodiment.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. Each plan described in each embodiment can be applied to other related embodiments.
1 and 2 show an embodiment of a tsunami (or flood) shelter, wherein 1 is an installation base, 2 is a shelter, and the shelter 2 is made of an integral structure of an RC structure. It consists of the upper shelter body 4. An arrow X indicates a tsunami pushing wave, and -X indicates a tsunami pulling wave, which is a so-called attack direction that is at least officially certified in these installation areas.

  The lower shelter body 3 is a six-sided solid on a rectangular plane that is long in the front-rear direction and shorter in width than the front-rear length when the X direction is the front side. A two-story lower refuge room 6 is formed. Inside the lower shelter body 3, an air conditioner 7 is installed so as to communicate with the upper and lower floors, and storage warehouses 8 for food and drinking water are also provided at several locations. 9 is an evacuation chair, which is also equipped with a toilet and bedroom. The lower shelter body 3 is a two-story structure, but may be a one-story structure or a structure having three or more floors. Moreover, as shown in the lower right column of FIG. 2, the outer periphery of the main body 3 may be covered with an earthquake resistant layer 10 or surrounded by a seismic isolation layer for earthquake countermeasures. In addition, an appropriate number of support columns can be provided in the lower refuge quality 6 for reinforcement.

  The upper shelter body 4 is narrower than the lower shelter body 3 and has a chamfered and vertical surface at the front, while the rear portion has a specially shaped RC structure that rises stepwise from the rear. The main body 3 is integrated with the main body 3. The reason why the portion that rises in a staircase shape is positioned behind the push wave X is to make it easier for the upper shelter body 4 to evacuate during that time by preventing the push wave X from flowing away from the left and right. .

The upper shelter body 4 has a first floor, a second floor, and a third floor portion, and a first floor evacuation port 13, a second floor evacuation port 14, and a third floor evacuation port 15 are provided at the rear ends of the upper shelter main body 4, and each is hermetically sealed. The doors 16 are provided so as to be able to be sealed from the inside, and the first, second, and third evacuation paths (evacuation) that form upper and lower three levels through safety doors 17 are provided in the evacuation openings 13 to 15 of each floor. Paths) 18, 19, and 20 are formed by the floor wall 21.
Reference numeral 23 denotes an external evacuation staircase that rises along the rear side (or only one side) of the upper shelter body 4 so that an evacuee can be guided from the installation base 1 to the second and third floor evacuation openings 14 and 15. 24 is a landing on the 2nd and 3rd floors. Reference numeral 25 denotes a ceiling wall.

Reference numeral 27 denotes an evacuation slope (evacuation route), which is a folding slope for guiding from the third evacuation passage 20 to the second evacuation passage 19 and from the second evacuation passage 19 onto the partition wall 5 of the lower evacuation chamber 6. Furthermore, it comprises a linear slope that leads from the first evacuation path 18 onto the partition wall 5 of the lower evacuation chamber 6. Reference numeral 28 denotes an underground second floor slope (evacuation route). These evacuation slopes 27 and 28 can be stepped.
Note that the upper shelter body 4 can further be four stories or more as shown by the phantom line in FIG.
In addition, buffer piles 29 may be erected and fixed before and after the shelter 2. In this case, a roller 30 is attached to the upper end of the buffer pile 29 and the upper end of the wire 32 passed between the anchors 31 is hung around to apply a vertical pressing force when the tsunami flow X, −X acts on the wire 32. The buffer pile 29 can be prevented from being pushed down.
Furthermore, when the buffer pile 29 is made of a pipe, the upper end of the buffer pile 29 is used for oxygen intake and gas discharge, and can be connected to the air conditioner 7 to enable air conditioning in the evacuation chamber 6. In this case, the air conditioner 7 can be driven by a solar power generation / charging device (not shown).
Reference numeral 34 denotes a front and rear protective wall made of an RC wall having a curved shape or a dogleg shape. The tsunami flow is divided into right and left while receiving the tsunami currents X and -X so that the tsunami current does not flow directly to the shelter 2. It is to make. This protective wall 34 makes evacuation behind the shelter 2 safer and more reliable.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the evacuation slope 27 is a folding type and has a flat surface in the middle thereof, but as shown in FIGS. It may be. Evacuation is performed quickly and without delay, and the shape of the front end portion of the shelter 2 is rounded, so that the tsunami flow X can be strongly countered due to diversion. As shown in FIG. 4, it is safe to install a safety cushion 36 on the surface where the evacuation slope 27 will hit.

  The shelter 2 as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 can be used for concerts, regional meeting halls, etc. during normal times. In that case, if the staircase 38 is provided in parallel with the slope 27 as shown in FIG. 5, there is no risk of damaging clothes by slipping using the slope 27, and it is also possible to carry goods reliably using the staircase 38. become.

  In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the evacuation ports 13, 14, 15 are opened near the concrete opening end of the upper shelter body 4. However, as shown in FIG. 6, if the upper shelter body 4 is protruded so that the sealing door 16 is sufficiently hidden behind the water, damage caused by the push wave X may occur. Can be prevented.

  FIG. 7 shows the horizontal road surface end of the slope 27 and the upper end of the slope that follows the slope 27 so that the slope provided on the evacuation slope 27 and other types of shelters in the embodiment of FIG. This is an embodiment in which a cushion mat 40 made of rubber or resin that is slightly slippery and has a cushioning effect is pasted so as to straddle. The mat 40 may have a rough surface as shown in the lower left column to make it safer.

  FIG. 8 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, an RC upper shelter body 42 is formed in a mountain shape as shown in the lower right column (entire side view), and a full-width staircase (or climbing slope) 43 is integrally formed on one side surface. A plurality of evacuation guide paths 44 are provided in the height direction, and the sealed door 45 is disposed in the back. Reference numeral 46 denotes a side guard for preventing a tsunami flow from wrapping around and also serves as a handrail. Reference numeral 47 denotes a safety guard that functions as a handrail and prevents falling into the evacuation guideway 44. A lower shelter body 48 is integrated with the upper shelter body 42. Embodiments as shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 can be adopted as the evacuation route inside the evacuation port 49.

  In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the evacuation guide path 44 is arranged on one side of the upper shelter body 42.

  10 and 11 show that the shelter 2 of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a main body, and a helical evacuation guide tower 52 that exceeds the estimated tsunami height is additionally constructed on the front side of the shelter 2 by the external evacuation stairs 23 of the shelter 2. In this embodiment, as many people as possible including those who cannot evacuate can be safely and securely evacuated in the shelter.

  53 is a main cylinder, which is made of round or square metal or RC, and its upper and lower ends are closed. The main cylinder 53 is vertically erected up to a height sufficiently exceeding the assumed tsunami height assumed in the area by fixing the base portion thereof by a fixed base 54 embedded and fixed to the installation base 1. A plurality of peripheral guards 55 are built on the outer periphery of the main cylinder 53, and a spiral-type outer climbing means 56 is attached. The outer ascending / descending means 56 may be a staircase, a slope, or a stepped and sloped type, and extends to the upper end so that the evacuees on the installation base 1 can be guided from the upper end to the upper surface of the main cylinder 53. On the other hand, the upper surface of the main cylinder 53 is closed, but a through hole is made in a part of the main cylinder 53, and a slope or a staircase type inside is provided by opening a hatch 57 provided in the through hole. It is possible to transfer to the climbing means 58. The inner ascending / descending means 58 is provided so as to correspond to the height of the floor of the top floor of the shelter 2, and is an evacuation exit through a connecting bridge 59 that strongly connects the top floor of the shelter 2 and the corresponding portion of the main cylinder 53. The shelter 2 can be evacuated from 60. Reference numeral 61 denotes a central pipe, which is fixedly passed through the center of the tower 52. The lower end thereof is connected to the air conditioner 7, while the upper end is provided with an oxygen suction pipe 62 and an internal gas discharge pipe 63 into the shelter 2. This makes it possible to supply oxygen and discharge the generated gas. In order to drive the air conditioner 7 and others, a solar panel 64 is installed on the tower, and a projection device for confirming the tsunami invasion status is also installed.

When a tsunami attack is warned, residents in the surrounding area use this shelter 2 to evacuate one after another. Some people evacuate using the external evacuation stairs 23, but those who have delayed evacuation can evacuate using the attached spiral evacuation guide tower 52. The refugee climbs to the upper end by the outer climbing means 56, transfers to the inner climbing means 58 through the opening hole of the open hatch 57, gets off using the means 58 and evacuates into the shelter 2 through the connecting bridge 59, Evacuate to the lower evacuation room.
Note that the underground portion of the main cylinder 53 and the lower shelter body 3 may be connected by an underground communication bridge 65 as indicated by a virtual line in FIG. In this case, the upper shelter body 4 and the connecting bridge 59 can be omitted. The inner ascending / descending means 58 is assumed to extend to a height where the underground communication bridge 65 is located.

FIG. 12 shows another embodiment. In this embodiment, an evacuation guide structure 70 is integrally formed on an RC underground shelter 69, a plurality of evacuation openings are opened in the height direction, and the evacuation doors are equipped with sealed doors 67, and an evacuation route ( A stairway or slope) 72 is provided and connected to the evacuation slope 27 in the underground shelter 69 so that the final evacuation can be made in the evacuation room 6. In addition, a spiral evacuation guide tower 71 is erected at a location on the rear side of the structure 70 with respect to the tsunami flow X, and the first to first gaps between the evacuation opening of the structure 70 and different heights of the tower 71 are provided. Even if the closed door 67 is closed by the time limit after evacuating using the evacuation exit on the 1st floor after tsunami warning, for example, after climbing the tower 71, the 2nd floor It is possible to evacuate in the structure 70 by selecting the connecting bridge 68 and the evacuation exit on the third floor.
In addition, a protective levee 74 is arranged on the tsunami intrusion assumption side X and a pulling wave incursion assumption side -X of the installation base 73, and a wire 75 connected to each end thereof is attached to the upper ends of the structure 70 and the tower 71. The structure 70, the tower 71, and the like may be stabilized by obtaining a downward force by a tsunami flow through the sheave 76 provided. A plurality of wires 75 are stretched as shown in the upper right column, and a face material 77 that receives the tsunami flow X is provided between them, so that the face material 77 generates a large tension of the wire 75 and strengthens the downward force. Therefore, the stability of the structure 70 and the tower 71 can be further improved.

  2 ... Shelter 3 ... Lower shelter body 4 ... Upper shelter body 13, 14, 15 ... Escape port 16 ... Sealed door 23 ... External escape stairs.

Claims (2)

  An emergency such as a tsunami or flood with a shelter body that has an interior as an evacuation room, an evacuation port with a sealable door that can guide refugees to the evacuation room, and an evacuation route that connects the evacuation room and the evacuation room A tsunami / flood that is configured to evacuate through a higher evacuation port, even if the lower evacuation port is closed, even if the lower evacuation port is closed. Evacuation shelter for emergency situations.   2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the main cylinder having a spiral type climbing means on the inner periphery and the outer periphery is vertically oriented and can be climbed from the ground to the upper end via the outer climbing means and through the inner climbing means. Evacuation shelters for emergencies such as tsunamis and floods, combined with an evacuation guide tower that can be evacuated in the shelter body.

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