JP6692008B1 - Evacuation structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The evacuation structure (1) includes an incompletely watertight box type structure (6) having at least one hatch door (4), and a float (10) provided on the box type structure (6). , At least one drain pipe (50) whose one end (50A) opens inside the box-shaped structure (6) and whose other end (50B) opens above the full load line (LWL) to the outer wall (3C-3D). ) And at least one drain pipe (50) prevents the inflow of water into the inside of the box structure (6), and the water pressure of the drainage water from the inside of the box structure (6). Has a check valve (60) with a valve that opens when actuated.

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an evacuation structure or the like that can float and secure an evacuation space during flood damage including tsunami and flood.

  A shelter that floats in the event of a flood has been proposed. Patent Document 1 discloses a floating shelter made of expanded polystyrene. It is described that the floor of the shelter is provided with a discharge port penetrating the floor and penetrating the bottom of the shelter, and seawater entering the room can be discharged to the outside through the discharge port.

  Patent Document 2 discloses that a weight is provided on a protrusion that protrudes below the spherical shelter in a free-drifting state. By forming the protrusion and the weight with a material having a larger specific gravity than the spherical body, it is possible to prevent the spherical shelter from rolling over.

Japanese Patent No. 6170262 JP, 2014-69778, A

  In the shelter of Patent Document 1, when the shelter floats over the sea, the outlet of the discharge port that opens to the bottom of the shelter is located in seawater. Therefore, although the seawater may flow into the shelter from the outlet located in the seawater, the seawater that has flowed into the shelter is not discharged. Further, in the Styrofoam shelter of Patent Document 1, the weight for sinking the shelter into seawater is the total weight of the evacuees, PET bottles, etc. in the shelter room, and is not a weight as a structure, so it is unstable. Therefore, the shelter easily rolls over due to the movement of the center of gravity. If the floor through which the discharge port is formed is not thick, the draft, which is the distance from the bottom surface of the shelter to the water surface, that is, the depth at which the shelter sinks into seawater cannot be secured. Easy to do.

  The shelter of Patent Document 2 may have good stability, but is difficult to manufacture due to the complicated structure including the sphere and the protrusion. Further, if water enters the sphere forming the shelter chamber through the opened hatch lid, it is extremely difficult to drain the water out of the sphere.

  It is an object of some aspects of the present invention to provide an easy-to-manufacture evacuation structure that can be easily drained even when it is flooded into an evacuation chamber in an incompletely watertight box-shaped structure.

(1) One aspect of the present invention is
An incompletely watertight box structure with at least one hatch door,
A float provided on the box-shaped structure,
At least one drain pipe having one end opening to the inside of the box structure and the other end opening to the outer wall of the box structure at a position above the full load line of the box structure,
A non-return valve provided on the at least one drainage pipe, which prevents water from flowing into the box-shaped structure and which is opened when water pressure of drainage from the box-shaped structure acts. Valve and
It relates to an evacuation structure having.

  According to one aspect (1) of the present invention, at the time of flood damage, a part of the float is submerged and buoyancy acts, and when the evacuation structure is loaded with an upper limit load capacity, a load water line (load water line: The waterline (the position of the water surface outside the box-shaped structure) is set at a position below LWL) so that the evacuation structure can float. In particular, since the other end of the drainage pipe opens at a position above the full load line, no water pressure from the outside of the box-shaped structure that impedes drainage acts on the drainage pipe. The drainage pipe has a check valve having a valve that opens when the water pressure of the drainage from the inside of the box-shaped structure acts. Therefore, a smooth drainage action is ensured by the drainage pipe having one end opening inside the box-shaped structure submerged in water and the other end located above the water surface outside the box-shaped structure. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the evacuation chamber in the box-shaped structure from being flooded. Moreover, since the check valve is provided in the drain pipe, it is possible to prevent water from flowing into the inside of the box-shaped structure through the drain pipe.

  (2) In one aspect of the present invention, the float has a volume that does not completely submerge the box-shaped structure even if the box-shaped structure is filled with water. The maximum load water line (MLWL), which is the water line at this time, is calculated so as to be set at a position lower than the top surface of the box-shaped structure, as described later. In this way, the box structure will not sink and if the evacuee stays inside the box structure or escapes to the outside of the evacuation structure through at least one hatch door and waits. , Can be rescued.

(3) In the aspect (1) or (2) of the present invention,
Arranged inside the box-shaped structure, further comprising a floorboard having a floor surface at a position above the full load draft line,
The at least one drainage pipe may open at one end at a height equal to or lower than the floor surface of the floorboard.

  According to one aspect (3) of the present invention, even if water flows into the box-shaped structure, it can be drained through a drain pipe that is open at a height below the floor surface. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the floor surface from being flooded.

(4) In the aspect (3) of the present invention,
Further having a drainage storage chamber arranged inside the box-shaped structure at a position below the floor,
The floorboard includes a through hole that penetrates vertically,
One end of the at least one drainage pipe may open to the drainage storage chamber.

  According to the aspect (4) of the present invention, even if water flows into the box-shaped structure, it is quickly drained from the through hole penetrating the floor to the drainage storage chamber below the floor. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the evacuation chamber above the floor from being flooded even if the amount of flooded water is relatively large. The water collected in the drainage storage chamber is drained to the outside of the box-shaped structure through the drainage pipe.

(5) In one aspect (1) to (4) of the present invention,
The other end of the at least one drainage pipe has N drainage outlets that open to the outer wall at N (N is an integer of 2 or more) different height positions in which the height in the vertical direction sequentially increases. Can have. Even if water flows into the incompletely watertight box-shaped structure and the weight increases by the amount of the inflowing water and the waterline tries to move above the full load line LWL, the water that flows in from one end of the drainage pipe Can be continuously drained from the drain outlets of any of the drain pipes that are open above the waterline among all N drain outlets. In this way, by continuously discharging the water that has flowed into the evacuation structure through the plurality of drainage outlets having different heights, it is possible to prevent the water line from exceeding the full load water line LWL.

(6) In one aspect (4) of the present invention,
The at least one drainage pipe may include N drainage pipes including the N drainage outlets and N drainage inlets that are separated from and communicate with the N drainage outlets, respectively. That is, one drainage inlet may communicate with the N drainage outlets, or the N drainage inlets may be separated into the N drainage outlets and communicated with each other.

(7) In one aspect (5) or (6) of the present invention,
The maximum load water line at the maximum load when the space inside the box-shaped structure at the time of full load is filled with water can be set at a position lower than the position of at least one of the N drainage outlets. In this way, before the space inside the box-shaped structure at the time of full load is filled with floodwater, in other words, before reaching the maximum load waterline MLWL, N drainages at different heights above the waterline are located. Inundated water can continue to be drained from at least one, preferably N drainage outlets. Therefore, in the normal usage mode, the space inside the box-shaped structure is not filled with water, and the situation of reaching the maximum load water line MLWL cannot occur.

  (8) In one aspect (1) to (7) of the present invention, a weight that gives a restoring force to the box-shaped structure can be arranged below the full load draft line. This weight functions as a balancer for preventing rollover of the evacuation structure.

  (9) In one aspect (8) of the present invention, the contour of the cross section of the box-shaped structure is such that each horizontal width between the bottom and the top is smaller than the horizontal width at a position between the bottom and the top. It is also preferable that the narrow polygon is formed. This makes it easier for the evacuation structure to be restored due to the weight even if the evacuation structure tries to roll over.

  (10) In one aspect (1) to (9) of the present invention, the box-shaped structure includes a frame structure and a ceiling wall attached to an upper surface of the frame structure, and the ceiling wall includes: A handrail may be provided surrounding a top surface area that can be escaped from the at least one hatch door provided in the box-shaped structure. In this way, an evacuee who escapes to the outside of the ceiling wall through the hatch door can safely wait for rescue while being held by the handrail provided on the ceiling wall. Further, even if the ceiling wall is detached from the assembled structure, the evacuees can continue to be mounted while the ceiling wall is floating like a raft.

  (11) In one aspect (1) to (10) of the present invention, the box-shaped structure is formed from two outer wall sides facing each other in a cross-sectional view orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure. It is possible to accommodate a plurality of stabilizer boards that can project above the water surface outside the mold structure. By projecting a plurality of stabilizer panels from the two opposing outer wall sides of the box-shaped structure above the water surface outside the box-shaped structure, the box-shaped structure is prevented from rolling over and the posture is stabilized.

  (12) In one aspect (11) of the present invention, each of the plurality of stabilizer boards may be folded and housed in the box-shaped structure. In this way, a space for accommodating the stabilizer board can be secured without increasing the width of the evacuation structure.

  (13) In one aspect (11) of the present invention, each of the plurality of stabilizer boards may be rotatably supported outside the box-shaped structure and housed in an upright state. In this way, the interior of the evacuation structure is not occupied as the accommodation space for the plurality of stabilizer panels. It should be noted that if the plurality of stabilizer panels are accommodated with one of the two outer walls separated by a gap, the other end of the drain pipe will be blocked even if a drain pipe is provided on the outer wall. There is no.

  (14) In one aspect (13) of the present invention, a locking portion that locks at least one of the plurality of stabilizer boards in a standing state, and at least one of the plurality of stabilizer boards is engaged by the locking portion. It can further have a release operation part for releasing the stopped state by being operated inside the box-shaped structure. In this way, an evacuee who has evacuated into the box-shaped structure during evacuation confirms that the box-shaped structure has floated up, and then operates the release operation part inside the box-shaped structure to connect multiple stabilizer panels to the box-shaped structure. It can be projected above the water surface outside the body.

  (15) In one aspect (1) to (14) of the present invention, the box-shaped structure may include a mounting portion for mounting a propulsion tool that applies a propulsive force to the box-shaped structure. Examples of the propelling tool include an electric screw and a manual oar. By installing a propelling tool, it is possible to realize a self-propelled evacuation structure capable of self-propelled on the water surface.

It is sectional drawing of the structure for evacuation which is 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure for evacuation of a floating state. It is a figure which shows the check valve provided in a drainage pipe. It is a figure which shows the structure for evacuation which can float even if it floods an evacuation room. It is sectional drawing of the structure for escape which is 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure for escape which is 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the evacuation structure shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the structure for escape which is 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which uses the handrail of the structure for evacuation shown in FIG. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the evacuation structure shown in FIG. 8. It is a figure which shows the structure for escape which is 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the evacuation structure shown in FIG. 13A to 13D are views showing a process of pulling out the stabilizer board of the evacuation structure shown in FIG. 11 to the use position. It is a figure which shows the structure for escape which is 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which folded the handrail of the ceiling wall of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the box-shaped structure shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the box-shaped structure shown in FIG. It is the perspective view which cut a part which shows the inside of the box-shaped structure shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing of a drainage pipe. It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of a drainage pipe. It is a figure which shows the self-propelled evacuation structure which attached the screw to the box-shaped structure. It is a figure which shows the structure for self-propelled evacuation using the oar which protrudes from a hatch door. It is a figure which shows the self-propelled state by the floating or oar of a ceiling wall. It is a figure which shows the use condition of a stabilizer board. It is a side view which shows the state which accommodated the stabilizer board in the standing state. It is a figure which shows the cancellation | release operation part of a stabilizer board. It is a side view which shows the use condition of a stabilizer board.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Note that the present embodiment described below does not unreasonably limit the content of the present invention described in the claims, and all of the configurations described in the present embodiment are essential as a solution means of the present invention. Not necessarily.

1. First Embodiment FIG. 1 shows an evacuation structure 1 which is a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the evacuation structure 1 includes a box-shaped structure 6. The box-shaped structure 6 is composed of, for example, the frame structure 2 and the outer wall 3. The frame structure 2 is formed of, for example, a beam 2A such as a steel pipe or a column (not shown). An outer wall 3 such as a steel plate is supported on, for example, six surfaces of the frame structure 2. A hatch door 4 is provided on at least one surface, for example, four surfaces of the six-sided outer wall 3, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. A hatch frame 5 is attached to a hole formed in the outer wall 3 of the hatch door 4, and the hatch door 4 is supported by the hinge frame 5 so as to be openable and closable by a hinge or the like. The hatch door 4 is preferably watertightly sealed to the hatch frame 5. In the lower part of the box-shaped structure 6, a base 2B made of steel or the like for connecting to a foundation structure installed on the ground can be provided. The base 2B may be connected to the downstairs structure, and the evacuation structure 1 may be installed upstairs. The base 2B can be easily connected to the foundation or downstairs, preferably by operating in the box-shaped structure 6, and can be floated in the event of water damage.

The float 10 is provided, for example, inside the box-shaped structure 6. The float 10 is formed of a material having a density lower than that of water (specific gravity is less than 1), and for example, polystyrene having a density of 45 kg / m ³ is used. In FIG. 1, the float 10A is arranged on the bottom wall 3A of the six outer walls 3. Since most of the float 10A is submerged in water, buoyancy that the evacuation structure 1 floats is secured as shown in FIG.

  FIG. 1 shows a full load water line LWL (load water line). The position of the full load line LWL is obtained as follows. First, the total weight of the evacuation structure 1 when fully loaded is obtained. This total weight is the sum of the total weight of the evacuation structure 1 itself and the total weight when the evacuation structure 1 is fully loaded. The total weight of the evacuation structure 1 when it is fully loaded includes the total weight of the maximum capacity (for example, the number of people x 65 kg) and the total weight of the mounted items (plastic bottles for drinks, emergency equipment, etc.). included. The position of the full load water line LWL is (the volume of the evacuation structure 1 submerged at the depth H that excludes water) × (specific gravity of water), where H is the depth at which the evacuation structure 1 is submerged. = (Total weight of the evacuation structure 1 when fully loaded) is obtained as the depth H. In addition, in this specification, "water" includes seawater, fresh water, brackish water in which seawater and fresh water are mixed, and the like.

  In FIG. 1, the floorboard 20 is arranged inside the box-shaped structure 6 at a position above the full load water line LWL of the box-shaped structure 6. The space surrounded by the floor 20, the ceiling wall 3B, and the two side walls 3C and 3D is the maximum volume of the evacuation chamber 30. The floorboard 20 has a floor surface 21 at a position higher than the full load water line LWL. The floorboard 20 is provided with one or more, for example, a plurality of drainage ports 20A that penetrate vertically. A drainage storage chamber 40 is provided between the lower surface of the floor 20 and the upper surface of the float 10A located below the floor 20. In the present embodiment, as a bottom plate of the drainage storage chamber 40, a waterproof plate 41 is provided on the upper surface of the float 10A. As a result, the water in the drainage storage chamber 40 does not leak to the float 10A side. The drainage storage chamber 40 is arranged inside the box-shaped structure 6 above the full load water line LWL of the box-shaped structure 6. In the unlikely event that the evacuation chamber 30 is flooded, the water is distributed to the drainage storage chamber 40 via the drainage port 20A that opens on the floor surface 21 of the floorboard 20. Therefore, even if the amount of water flooded into the evacuation chamber 30 is relatively large, it is possible to prevent the evacuation chamber 30 above the floor 20 from being flooded. The drainage storage chamber 40 is not limited to being provided in the entire area below the floor board 20 as shown in FIG. 1, but may be provided in a portion below the floor board 20 (for example, a peripheral area).

  A drain pipe 50 is provided to distribute the water collected in the drainage storage chamber 40 to the outside of the box-shaped structure 6. The drain pipe 50 has an inlet 50A at one end opening inside the box-shaped structure 6, for example, the drainage storage chamber 40, and an outlet 50B at the other end opening outside the side walls 3C and 3D above the full load line LWL. In this way, the water collected in the drainage storage chamber 40 is drained to the outside of the box-shaped structure via the drainage pipe 50. In particular, since the outlet 50B of the drainage pipe 50 is opened above the full load water line LWL, the drainage pipe is not subjected to external water pressure that hinders drainage. Therefore, the smooth drainage action in the drainage pipe 50 is ensured. It is preferable that the drain pipe 50 is set at a position where the outlet 50B is lower than the inlet 50A, and in particular, a water gradient is set from the inlet 50A toward the outlet 50B. In this way, water is prevented from accumulating in the evacuation chamber 30 above the floor 20. The drainage storage chamber 40 may not be provided, and one end of the drainage pipe 50 may be arranged to open at a position below the height of the floor surface 21 of the floorboard 20.

  In the present embodiment, the drain pipe 50 may include a check valve 60 that prevents the inflow of water from the outside of the box-shaped structure 6. In this way, water is prevented from flowing into the inside of the box-shaped structure 6 through the drain pipe 50. In particular, the check valve 60 can include a valve 61 that opens when the water pressure of the waste water from the waste water storage chamber 40 acts, as shown in FIG. 3. The valve 61 is rotatably suspended and supported by, for example, a hinge 62. Accordingly, when the water pressure of the drainage from the drainage storage chamber 40 does not act, the valve 61 is hung by the weight of the valve 61 itself, and the outlet 50B of the drainage pipe 50 is closed. Therefore, the valve 61 normally prevents the backflow from the outlet 50B of the drainage pipe 50 toward the inlet 50A. When a predetermined water pressure acts on the valve 61 by the drainage from the drainage storage chamber 40, the valve 61 rotates in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3 and is opened. In FIG. 3, a cover 63 that surrounds and protects the valve 61 and the hinge 62 is provided. The check valve 60 may adopt another structure, and the cover 63 may not be provided. As shown in FIG. 2, when the box-shaped structure 6 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, the drain pipe 50 and the check valve 60 are respectively provided on two side walls 3C and 3D parallel to the longitudinal axis of the rectangular parallelepiped. Alternatively, a plurality of end walls 3E and 3F may be provided in addition to the plurality of end walls that are orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the rectangular parallelepiped.

  In the present embodiment, a weight 70 that gives a restoring force to the box-shaped structure 6 tilted by wind or waves can be arranged on the bottom wall 3A located below the full load water line LWL. The weight 70 functions as a balancer for preventing the evacuation structure 1 from rolling over. Therefore, the weight 70 is located at the center of the cross section of the evacuation structure 1 shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, when the box-shaped structure 6 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, the weight 70 is preferably arranged along the longitudinal axis of the substantially rectangular parallelepiped.

  In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the float 10 has a volume that does not completely submerge the box-shaped structure 6 even if the box-shaped structure 6 is submerged. When the evacuation chamber 30 shown in FIG. 1 is flooded, the total weight of the evacuation structure 1 increases and the water line rises to a position exceeding the full load water line LWL. Even in that case, the float 10B can be additionally installed in the evacuation chamber 30 of the box-shaped structure 6 in order to prevent the evacuation structure 1 from being completely submerged. Even if the evacuation structure 1 is flooded, the evacuation structure 30 is not completely submerged, so that the evacuation chamber 30 is not required to be completely watertight. In the present embodiment, the float 10B is additionally installed inside the ceiling wall 3B, but it is preferable to additionally install the float 10B inside the floorboard 20 and the two side walls 3C and 3D. Since the buoyancy increases in proportion to the volume of the additional float 10B that removes water, it is possible to prevent the evacuation structure 1 from being completely submerged. For this reason, in the present embodiment, the weight V × ρ × G (G is a gravitational acceleration) obtained by multiplying the volume V for eliminating water by all the floats 10A, 10A1, 10B, 10B1 being submerged by the density ρ of water. Is larger than the total weight of the evacuation structure 1. In particular, the float 10 has a volume that does not completely submerge the box-shaped structure 6 such that the outlet 50B of the drainage pipe 50 is located above the water surface outside the box-shaped structure even when the box-shaped structure 6 is flooded. Is secured. The total weight of the evacuation structure 1 may or may not include the weight of the maximum number of persons to be loaded and the weight of the equipment to be loaded. In fact, since members other than the float also remove water, buoyancy larger than V × ρ × G can be obtained, and it may be possible to ignore other than the weight of the evacuation structure 1 itself.

  Here, the box-shaped structure 6 may have an incomplete watertightness that is not completely watertightly sealed, and does not have to allow a large amount of water to invade at once for at least several hours of evacuation. The incompletely watertight box-shaped structure 6 can naturally include an air hole on the structural principle, or the air hole may be arranged on the upper side of the box-shaped structure 6. As a result, even if the hatch door 4 is closed, the evacuees will not suffocate.

  FIG. 4 shows a floating state of the evacuation structure 1 in a state where the box-shaped structure 6 is flooded. In this case, at least the top surface of the ceiling wall 3B is secured at a position above the waterline. Therefore, in the state as shown in FIG. 4, the evacuee may escape to the top surface of the ceiling wall 3B through the hatch door 4 of the ceiling wall 3B. At this time, if the float 10B1 at the position facing the hatch door 4 of the ceiling wall 3B is made removable or the float 10B1 is not provided at that position, it does not hinder the escape.

  As described above, when the additional float 10B is provided in the evacuation chamber 30, the evacuation structure 1 will not be completely submerged in any posture, and the evacuation structure 1 can be accessed through at least one hatch door 4. If you escape to the outside and wait, you can save your life. Further, when the additional float 10B is arranged on the six sides surrounding the evacuation chamber 30, the float 10B formed of foam or the like can be used as a cushioning material for protecting the evacuees when shaking or rolling over.

  As described above, the hatch door 4 can be provided on the bottom wall 3A, the ceiling wall 3B, and the two side walls 3C and 3D, which are the four surfaces of the six outer walls 3 parallel to the longitudinal axis of the substantially rectangular parallelepiped. If the box-shaped structure 6 rolls over sideways, the box-shaped structure 6 is stabilized in a posture in which one of the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 6 faces upward. Therefore, if the hatch door 4 is provided on the bottom wall 3A, which is the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 6, the ceiling wall 3B, and the two side walls 3C and 3D, the box-shaped structure 6 can be rolled over. It is easy to escape from. In FIG. 1, part of the float 10A1, the floor 20 and the waterproof plate 41 at the position facing the hatch door 4 of the bottom wall 3A can be removed, or the float 10A1 is not provided at that position. , Does not hinder the escape.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the hatch door 4 provided on one of the two side walls 3C and 3D is one of the two end walls 3E and 3F located at both ends in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the rectangular parallelepiped. It can be arranged at a position biased to 3E. Similarly, the hatch door 4 provided on the other side 3D of the two side walls 3C and 3D can be arranged at a position deviated to the other side 3F of the two end walls 3E and 3F. In this way, even if the evacuation structure 1 is vertically inverted so that one of the two end walls 3E and 3F becomes the top surface, the hatch door 4 provided on one of the two side walls 3C and 3D. Is easily placed above the water surface, and escape from the evacuation structure 1 is possible.

  In the present embodiment, when at least one hatch door 4 is provided on the ceiling wall 3B as shown in FIG. 1 or 4, the ceiling wall 3B may have a handrail 80 that can be raised and lowered by a hinge 81, for example. it can. In this way, the evacuee who has escaped to the outside of the ceiling wall 3B through the hatch door 4 stands up on the handrail 80 provided on the ceiling wall 3B and safely waits for rescue while being held by the handrail 80. be able to. In addition, in FIG. 4, in order to maintain the handrail 80 in a raised state, the handrails 80 adjacent to each other are connected by four connecting members 82.

  Although the present embodiment has been described in detail as described above, it will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that many modifications can be made without substantially departing from the novel matters and effects of the present invention. Therefore, all such modifications are included in the scope of the present invention. For example, a term described at least once together with a different term having a broader meaning or the same meaning in the specification or the drawings can be replaced with the different term in any place in the specification or the drawing. Further, all combinations of the present embodiment and modifications are also included in the scope of the present invention.

2. Second Embodiment FIG. 5 shows an evacuation structure 1A according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the first embodiment, when the evacuation chamber 30 is flooded and the water line rises above the full water line LWL, the valve 61 of the check valve 60 is closed by the external water pressure. Then, drainage through the drain pipe 50 becomes impossible. The evacuation structure 1A shown in FIG. 5 has an additional drain pipe 90 that drains the interior of the evacuation chamber 30 when the evacuation chamber 30 is flooded and the waterline rises.

  In FIG. 5, an additional drain pipe 90 is provided on at least one of the outer walls 3C to 3F intersecting with the floor 20, for example, the outer wall 3C. One end 90A of the drainage pipe 90, which opens at the bottom of the evacuation chamber 30, serves as a drainage inlet. In the drainage pipe 90, a plurality of branch ends (also referred to as drainage outlets) 90B1 to 90Bm (m is an integer of 2 or more) that open to the outside of the outer wall 3C serve as drainage outlets.

  Each of the plurality of branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm has the same structure as the outlet 50B of the drain pipe 50. That is, each of the plurality of branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm has the check valve 60 (the valve 61 and the hinge 62) and the cover 63. Therefore, at the plurality of branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm, when the water pressure of the evacuation chamber 30 acts via the inlet 90A of the drainage pipe 90, the valve 61 shown in FIG. 3 is opened to enable drainage.

  The reason for providing the plurality of branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm is that at least one of the plurality of branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm is arranged above the water line even when the evacuation chamber 30 is flooded and the water line is going to rise above the full load line LWL. This is because the flooded water can be drained by the water pressure in the evacuation chamber 30. This can prevent the waterline from rising above the full load waterline LWL.

3. Third Embodiment FIGS. 6 and 7 show an evacuation structure 100 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The evacuation structure 100 has a cross-sectional contour that is a polygon having more angles than a quadrangle as in the first and second embodiments, for example, a substantially hexagon. In particular, in the evacuation structure 100 in a floating state, as shown in FIG. 6, the horizontal width W1 of the bottom portion (bottom wall) 103A and the horizontal width W2 of the top portion (ceiling wall) 103B are the same as the bottom portion 103A and the top portion 103B. It is narrower than the horizontal width W3 at the position between (W1 <W3, W2 <W3). In particular, if W1 <W3, even if the evacuation structure 100 tries to roll over, it will be easier to restore the upright state than the evacuation structures 1, 1A of the first and second embodiments.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the evacuation structure 100 includes a box-shaped structure 106 formed by, for example, a frame structure 102, wall materials (bottom wall 103A, ceiling wall 103B, side walls 103C, 103D, etc.) and a float 110. The box-shaped structure 106 has a substantially hexagonal cross section. The exposed surface of the float 110 exposed to the outside may be covered with an iron plate or the like. The hatch door 104 is arranged at the same position as the hatch door 4 of the first embodiment. That is, the hatch door 104 can be provided on the bottom wall 103A, the ceiling wall 103B, and the two side walls 103C and 103D that are the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 106. If the evacuation structure 100 rolls over sideways, the evacuation structure 100 is stabilized in a posture in which any of the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 106 faces upward. Therefore, if the hatch door 104 is provided on the bottom wall 103A, the ceiling wall 103B, and the two side walls 103C and 103D, which are the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 106, the escape from the evacuation structure 100 at the time of rollover. Will be easier.

  A floor 120 is arranged inside the box-shaped structure 106, and a weight 170 is arranged below the floor 120 and at a position avoiding the hatch door 104. A handrail 180 is provided on the top 103B of the box-shaped structure 106 and can be folded in the same manner as the handrail 80 of the first embodiment.

  The box-shaped structure 106 may have the drain pipe 90 shown in FIG. 5, or, instead of the drain pipe 90, may have a plurality of drain pipes 150 as shown in FIG. 7. One end 150A of each of the plurality of drain pipes 150 is open to the evacuation chamber 130, and the other end 150B is open to the side walls 103C and 103D of the box-shaped structure 106. In FIG. 6, the openings of the other ends 150B of the plurality of drain pipes 150 are omitted. Further, each of the plurality of drain pipes 150 has a check valve 160 having a valve 161. The plurality of drain pipes 150 are arranged at different height positions. Thus, the plurality of drain pipes 150 operate similarly to the drain pipe 90 of FIG. 5 having the branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm at different heights. Also in the structure of FIG. 7, the drainage storage chamber 40 and the drainage pipe 50 shown in FIG. 5 can be provided. In this way, water is prevented from accumulating in the evacuation chamber 130 above the floor surface of the floor 120.

4. Fourth Embodiment FIGS. 8 to 10 show an evacuation structure 200 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The evacuation structure 200 has a cross-sectional contour that is a polygon having a larger number of angles than the quadrangle as in the first and second embodiments, for example, a substantially octagon. In particular, in the evacuation structure 200 in a floating state, the horizontal width of the bottom portion (bottom wall) 203A and the horizontal width of the top portion (ceiling wall) 203B are smaller than the horizontal width at the position between the bottom portion 203A and the top portion 203B. Is also narrow. This makes it easier for the evacuation structure 200 to return to the upright state than the evacuation structures 1, 1A of the first and second embodiments, even if the evacuation structure 200 tries to roll over.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the evacuation structure 200 is a box-shaped structure 206 formed by, for example, a frame structure 202, wall materials (bottom wall 203A, ceiling wall 203B, side walls 203C, 203D, etc.), float 210, and the like. And the outline of the cross section of the box-shaped structure 206 is substantially octagonal. The hatch door 204 is arranged at the same position as the hatch door 4 of the first embodiment. That is, the hatch door 204 can be provided on the bottom wall 203A, the ceiling wall 203B, and the two side walls 203C and 203D, which are the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 206. If the evacuation structure 200 rolls over sideways, the evacuation structure 200 is stabilized in a posture in which one of the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 206 faces upward. Therefore, if the hatch door 204 is provided on the bottom wall 203A, the ceiling wall 203B, and the two side walls 203C and 203D, which are the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 206, the escape from the evacuation structure 200 at the time of overturning. Will be easier.

  A floor 220 is arranged inside the box-shaped structure 206, and a weight 270 is arranged below the floor 220 and at a position avoiding the hatch door 204. A handrail 280 is provided on the top portion 203B of the box-shaped structure 206. The handrail 280 may be foldable similarly to the handrail 80 of the first embodiment, but may be position-adjustable between the non-use position shown in FIG. 8 and the use position shown in FIG.

  The box-shaped structure 206 may have the drain pipe 90 shown in FIG. 5, or instead of the drain pipe 90, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of drain pipes similar to the plurality of drain pipes 150 of FIG. 250 may be included. 8 and 9, the openings at the other ends of the drainage pipes 250 are omitted. The plurality of drain pipes 250 operate similarly to the drain pipe 90 of FIG. 5 having the branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm at different heights. Also in the structure of FIG. 10, the drainage storage chamber 40 and the drainage pipe 50 shown in FIG. 5 can be provided. In this way, water is prevented from accumulating in the evacuation chamber 230 above the floor 220.

5. Fifth Embodiment FIGS. 11 and 12 show an evacuation structure 300 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The evacuation structure 300 has the same structure as the fourth embodiment of the present invention, except for the structure for housing the stabilizer board 310 described below. However, the stabilizer board 310 may be added to any of the evacuation structures according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention.

  The evacuation structure 300 can accommodate a plurality of stabilizer boards 310 that can horizontally project from two side walls 203C and 203D of the box-shaped structure 206 of the evacuation structure 300 that are opposed to each other in a cross-sectional view. .. When the evacuation structure 300 floats, the plurality of stabilizer boards 310 are horizontally projected from the two side walls 203C and 203D of the evacuation structure 300. By doing so, the evacuation structure 300 is prevented from rolling over due to the resistance force generated by the contact of the stabilizer board 310 with water, and the posture is stabilized. The stabilizer board 310 is preferably provided in a box-shaped structure having a polygonal vertical cross section and easy to roll over, as shown in each of FIGS. The stabilizer board 310 may be arranged in a plurality of stages at different height positions.

  As shown in FIG. 13A, the plurality of stabilizer boards 310 can be housed in the box-shaped structure 206 of the evacuation structure 300. Here, as shown in FIG. 13A, the stabilizer board 310 may include first and second stabilizer boards 311 and 312 which are connected by a hinge and are foldable. In order to project the stabilizer board 310, the stabilizer board 310 is slid outward as shown in FIG. 13B from the housed state shown in FIG. 13A. This sliding movement can be performed on the floor board 220 shown in FIG. 10, for example. Next, as shown in FIG. 13C, the second stabilizer board 312 is rotated by 90 ° with respect to the first stabilizer board 311 to stand up. Then, as shown in FIG. 13D, the second stabilizer board 312 is further rotated 90 ° with respect to the first stabilizer board 311 while sliding the stabilizer board 310. In this way, the first and second stabilizer boards 311 and 312 can be placed in the flat plate state, and the stabilizer board 310 can be projected to the final position. In this way, the stabilizer board 310 having a predetermined protruding length can be housed in the evacuation structure 300 without making the evacuation structure 300 unnecessarily large.

6. Sixth embodiment 6.1. Appearance and Internal Structure FIGS. 14 to 18 show an evacuation structure 400 according to the sixth embodiment of the invention. The evacuation structure 400 has a box-shaped structure 406. Of the box-shaped structure 406, members having the same functions as the box-shaped structure 206 of the evacuation structure 200 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention are designated by the same reference numerals as the box-shaped structure 206, and The description is omitted. Further, among the members already described as the box-shaped structure 206, the members that have not been changed as the box-shaped structure 406 are also included in the box-shaped structure 406.

  As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the box-shaped structure 406 includes two hatch doors 204 on each of two outer walls 203C and 203D that are opposed to each other in a cross-sectional view orthogonal to the longitudinal axis thereof. .. That is, the box-shaped structure 406 includes a total of six hatch doors 204, one on each of the bottom wall 203A and the ceiling wall 203B and two on each of the outer walls 203C and 203D. However, the number of hatch doors 204 is not limited to this. The outer walls 203D in the three regions on both sides of the two hatch doors 204 are covered with the stabilizer boards 450, 451, 452. As shown in FIG. 24, when the stabilizer boards 450, 451, 452 are rotated around the lower fulcrum, the outer wall 203D in three areas is exposed.

  In the box-shaped structure 406, a ceiling wall 203B is provided with a 280 that can be folded when not in use as shown in FIG. 15 so that it can stand upright as shown in FIGS. 14 and 18. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 18, the handrail 280 can be fitted with a shade member 290 that covers the ceiling wall 203B. As an evacuation route for evacuating from the box-shaped structure 406 to the ceiling wall 203B, in addition to the ceiling hatch door 204 shown in FIG. 8 not shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, a ladder 410 is provided on both outer walls 203D. Is also good. The ladder 410 in a region covered by the stabilizer board 452 of the outer wall 203D provided with the ladder 410 can project through a through hole 452A formed in the stabilizer board 452.

  As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the box-shaped structure 406 can accommodate a total of 12 people, for example, 6 people in each of two rows. However, the number of passengers can be changed. In the present embodiment, a fixed or movable chair, for example, a fixed chair 420 is arranged in each of the three areas on both sides of the two hatch doors 204 as means for allowing a passenger to sit. In two areas facing the two hatch doors 204, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 18, a movable chair, for example, a movable chair plate 421 as a means for a passenger to be seated is rotatable around a fulcrum 422. It is located in. When the two hatch doors 204 are used, the movable chair plate 421 leans above the fulcrum 422 and does not obstruct the entrance and exit. Note that, as shown in FIG. 17, the bottom hatch door 204 and the weight 270 are arranged such that the cross section thereof is flush with the bottom surface of the substantially hexagonal shape.

6.2. Drainage Operation Next, drainage of water that has entered the box-shaped structure 406 will be described with reference to FIGS. 16, 19, and 20. In the present embodiment, for example, the drain pipes 91 shown in FIG. 19 are arranged in a vertical and horizontal arrangement as shown in FIG. 20, and are arranged on the outer wall 203D exposed by the rotation of the stabilizer boards 450 to 452 as shown in FIG. (The drain pipe 91 is omitted in FIG. 24).

  Here, also in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, the full load draft line LWL is set lower than the floor surface level FL of the box-shaped structure 406, as in FIGS. 1 and 5. As shown in FIG. 16, the uppermost surface level of the ceiling wall 203B of the box-shaped structure 406 is UML (Upper Most Level), and the lowermost surface level is LML (Lower Most Level). The MLWL (Max Load Water Line) shown in FIG. 16 is the maximum load water line of the box-shaped structure 406 that is floating when the inside of the packed box-shaped structure 406 is filled with water. The maximum load water line MLWL is located above the full load water line LWL by a height h, but lower than the uppermost surface level UML.

  Zones Z1 to Z8 shown in FIG. 20 are zones in which the height range from the floor surface level FL of the box-shaped structure 406 to the top surface level UML of the ceiling wall 203B is divided into, for example, eight zones, and the zone Z1 is the lowest. , Zone Z8 is at the top. At least one drainage pipe 91 is arranged in the vertical direction in each of the zones Z1 to Z8, and a plurality of drainage pipes 91 are arranged at a predetermined pitch P in the horizontal direction. Note that this zone division is an example, and the height range in the internal space in which the zones are set and the number of zones are not limited to this. Here, FIG. 20 is an example of N drain pipes 91 having outlets at different height positions of N (N is an integer of 2 or more), for example, where the heights in the vertical direction are sequentially increased. is there. In FIG. 20, the drainage pipe 91 arranged in the zone Z1 is arranged above the floor level FL by, for example, 0.12 m, and the drainage pipe 91 is arranged in the vertical direction at, for example, a pitch P = 0.15 m. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, when the drain pipe 50 having the outlet (the other end) is provided below the floor surface 21 and above the full load water line LWL, the height in the vertical direction gradually increases N = 9. This is an example of N drain pipes having outlets (other ends) at different height positions.

  As shown in FIG. 19, the drainage pipe 91 has one end 91A that opens inside the box-shaped structure 406, the other end 91B that opens into the outer wall 204D, and a valve 92 arranged between them. The inner diameter of the drainage pipe 91 is, for example, 52 mm. The drainage pipe 91 has, between the one end 91A and the other end 91B, an annular protrusion 93 that narrows the inner diameter, and a plurality of local protrusions 94 that protrude at a plurality of positions spaced in the circumferential direction. A valve 92, for example a sphere, is arranged in the conduit between the annular projection 93 and the local projection 94. When the water is drained from the inside of the box-shaped structure 206 to the outside, the valve 92 moves toward the local projection 94 side by the water pressure. Therefore, the water is drained through the region without the projection 94 in the circumferential direction. On the other hand, when water is flooded from the outside to the inside of the box-shaped structure 206, the valve 92 moves to the annular projection 93 side due to the water pressure. Therefore, in the drainage pipe 91, the passage is closed by the spherical body 92 and the annular projection 93, and the infiltration of water is prevented.

  The size of the evacuation structure 400 is, for example, approximately 5.8 m × 2.1 m × 2.3 m in length × height × width. Further, it is assumed that the total weight of the evacuation structure 400 is 2400 kg by adding 350 kg for the frame structure, 260 kg for the float, 180 kg for the wall material, 350 kg for the weight 270, 840 kg for 12 crew members, and 420 kg for the others.

6.2.1. Full load line LWL
In this embodiment, the total volume of the floats below the floor surface FL is 5.3 m ³ (average area 8.84 m ² × height 0.6 m). At this time, the buoyancy force F _F acting on the box-shaped structure 406 by only this float is set such that the float density is 24 kg / m ³ and the water density is 1000 kg / m ³ .
F F _{= (volume} weight float to eliminate water) - (weight of the float itself)
= 5.3 m ³ × 1000 kg / m ³ × 9.81 m / s ²
-5.3 m ³ × 24 kg / m ³ × 9.18 m / s ²
= (1000-24) x 5.3 x 9.81
= 50754 (N)

On the other hand, the buoyancy that balances with the evacuation structure 400, which has a total weight of 2400, is 2400 × 9.81 = 23544N. For that purpose, about 46% of the total volume 5.3m ³ of the floats below the floor FL ( It is sufficient if the volume of 2.4 m ³ corresponding to 100 × 23544/50745) is sunk. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16, it is understood that the full load draft line LWL is located below the floor surface FL, and is located approximately in the middle between the floor surface FL, the lowermost surface MLL and the height of 0.6 m. In FIG. 16, the height from the lowermost surface LML to the full load water line LWL is 0.3 m.

6.2.2. Maximum load line MLWL
Next, the maximum load draft line MLWL is obtained. The maximum load water line MLWL is a water line at maximum load in which the weight when the space inside the box structure 406 is filled with water acts on the total weight of the box structure 406. Although such a situation is not normally expected, in order to ensure safety, it is guaranteed that the box-shaped structure will not sink even at the maximum load exceeding the loading weight.

Here, the volume of the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 is 12 m ³ when the average area excluding the occupant and the chair is 8 m ² and the height is 1.5 m. When this space is submerged and the space is replaced with air (specific gravity 1.225 kg / m ³ ) from water (specific gravity 1000 kg / m ³ ), the box-shaped structure 406 has an additional value obtained by the following equation. Gravity F _W acts.
F _W = (weight of water launched into space)-(weight of space itself)
= (8 m ³ × 1000 kg / m ³ × 9.81 m / s ² )
-(8 m ³ × 1.225 kg / m ³ × 9.18 m / s ² )
= (1000-1.225) x 8 x 9.81
= 78384 (N)

Here, assuming that the maximum load water line MLWL is at the position of FIG. 16, the buoyancy F _A that increases when the box-shaped structure 406 having a height h higher than that of the full load water line LWL is submerged in water. Here, assuming that the average area A partitioned by the contour of the box-shaped structure 406 is A = 10 m ² , the buoyancy F _A is expressed as follows.
F _A = volume (h × A) × specific gravity of water (1000 kg / m ² ) × 9.81 (m / s ² ).
= 98100 × h

In order for the box-shaped structure 406 to float, F _W = F _A holds.
Therefore, h = 78384/98100 = 0.8 m.
That is, the height from the lowermost surface LML of the box structure 406 to the maximum load water line MLWL is 0.3 m (the height from the lowermost surface LML of the box structure 406 to the full load line LWL) +0.8 m (full load water line The height h) from LWL to the maximum load draft line MLWL is 1.1 m.

  The total height of the box structure 406 is 2.1 m, and the highest position of the drain pipe 91 in FIG. 20 is 1.77 m (0.6 + 0.12 + 0.15 × 7) from the lowermost surface LML of the box structure 406. Is the height of. Therefore, the volume of the float is such that at least one of the other ends of the N drain pipes 91 is located above the water surface outside the box structure 406 even if the box structure 406 is filled with water. In addition, it can be seen that the volume is such that the box-shaped structure 406 is not completely submerged.

  If the height from the lowermost surface LML of the box-shaped structure 406 to the floor surface FL is large, the float volume that can be arranged below the floor surface FL increases. Therefore, it is possible to set the maximum load draft line MLWL below the floor surface FL. In this way, all the drain outlets of the N drain pipes 91 shown in FIG. 20 are connected to the maximum load water line MLWL even at the maximum load due to the weight when the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 is filled with water. Can also be placed above. As a result, the N drainage pipes 91 can always be used at the same time, and the drainage speed can be further increased.

6.2.3. Use of Drain Pipes with Different Heights The maximum load water line MLWL at the maximum load when the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 at the time of full load shown in FIG. 16 is filled with water is the drain outlets of the N drain pipes 91. Is lower than at least one position of In this way, before the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 at the time of full load is filled with water, in other words, before reaching the maximum load water line MLWL, at least the N drain outlets located at a position higher than the water line are provided. Inundated water can be continuously drained from one, preferably N, multiple drain outlets of different heights. Therefore, in a normal usage mode, a situation in which the amount of water inflow exceeds the amount of drainage and the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 is filled with water cannot occur. In other words, the situation of reaching the maximum load draft line MLWL cannot occur.

6.3. Self-propelled Evacuation Structure FIGS. 21 to 23 show an evacuation structure that can not only float but also be self-propelled. First, as shown in FIG. 14, FIG. 15, FIG. 18, and FIG. 21, the box-shaped structure 406 is provided with a mounting portion 430 for mounting a propulsion tool that applies a propulsive force to the box-shaped structure 406, for example, an electric screw 431. be able to. The electric screw 431 is energized by being connected to the connector exposed by opening the door 432. As shown in FIG. 21, the mounting portions 430 can be provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the box-shaped structure 406, as shown in FIG. By doing so, the box-shaped structure 406 can be advanced in the directions of arrows A and B shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 22, in combination with the mounting portion 430 or in place of the mounting portion 430, a clutch (mounting portion) 204A serving as a fulcrum of the oar 440 is attached to the hatch doors 204 on both sides of the box-shaped structure 406, for example. The oar (propulsion tool) 440 can be projected outward via the through. An evacuee inside the box structure 406 can advance the box structure 406 by rowing the oar 440 with the clutch 204A as a fulcrum by hand.

  Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 23, a clutch (not shown) may be provided on the ceiling wall 203B or the handrail 280 so that an evacuee who has evacuated to the ceiling wall 203B can row the oar 440. Note that FIG. 23 shows a state in which an unexpected external force acts on the box-shaped structure 406 and the outer wall 203D and the like separate from the frame structure and scatter on the water surface. Even in such a state, the ceiling wall 203B functions as a raft, and the safety of the evacuees can be ensured at a minimum.

6.4. Stabilizer Boards FIGS. 24-27 show stabilizer boards 450-452 that improve the stability of the box-shaped structure 406. As shown in FIG. 24, each of the stabilizer panels 450 to 452 may be rotatably supported by, for example, the outer wall 203D of the box-shaped structure 406, and may be accommodated in an upright state. In this way, the interior of the evacuation structure 400 is not occupied as the accommodation space for the plurality of stabilizer panels 450 to 452. Further, since the plurality of stabilizer boards 450 to 452 are housed with one of the two outer walls 203D separated by a gap, the drain outlet at the other end of the drain pipe 91 provided on the outer wall is not blocked. ..

  As shown in FIG. 25, at least one of the stabilizer boards 450 to 452, for example, a locking portion 460 that locks the stabilizer board 450 in an upright state, and a state in which the stabilizer board 450 is locked by the locking portion 460. And a release operation unit 470 that is released by operating inside the box-shaped structure 406. As shown in FIG. 26, the locking portion 460 locks the locked portion 453 attached to the upper portion of the stabilizer board 450. The locking portion 460 is rotatable. In order to operate the locking part 460 inside the box-shaped structure 406, the release operation part 470 may include a handle 471 and a wire 472 connecting the handle 471 and the rotating part of the locking part 460. it can. In this way, an evacuee who has evacuated into the box-shaped structure 406 at the time of evacuation checks the floating of the box-shaped structure 406 and then operates the release operation unit 470 inside the box-shaped structure 406 to operate the stabilizer board 450. Can be projected above the water surface outside the box-shaped structure 406. Thereby, the box-shaped structure 406 becomes stable on the water surface. At this time, as shown in FIG. 27, the rotation position of the stabilizer board 450 is regulated by the stopper 480, so that the stabilizer board 450 is prevented from rotating 180 °, for example, and failing to perform the stabilizing function.

  In addition, in the evacuation structure of the present invention, it is preferable that the outer wall is covered with a surface protective material, in particular, assuming that it is used in seawater. The surface protective material preferably has rust resistance, waterproofness, UV resistance, abrasion resistance, and / or designability, and for example, an aliphatic polyurea resin can be used.

  1, 1A ... Evacuation structure, 2 ... Frame structure, 2A ... Beam, 3 ... Outer wall, 3A ... Bottom wall, 3B ... Ceiling wall, 3C, 3D ... Side wall, 3E, 3F ... End wall, 4 ... Hatch door 5 ... Hatch frame, 6 ... Box-shaped structure 10, 10A, 10A1, 10B, 10B1 ... Float, 20 ... Floorboard, 20A ... Discharge port (through hole), 21 ... Floor surface, 30 ... Evacuation room, 40 ... drainage storage chamber, 50 ... drainage pipe, 50A ... one end (inlet), 50B ... other end (drainage outlet), 60 ... check valve, 61 ... valve, 62 ... hinge, 63 ... cover, 70 ... weight, 80 ... Handrail, 81 ... Hinge, 82 ... Coupling, 90 ... Additional drainage pipe, 90A ... Inlet, 90B1-90Bm ... Drainage outlet, 91 ... Drainage pipe, 91A ... One end, 91B ... Other end, 92 ... Valve, 93 ... Flow Road opening, 94 ... Valve stopper, 100 ... Evacuation structure, 102 ... Frame structure, 03A ... Bottom wall, 103B ... Ceiling wall, 103C, 103D ... Side wall, 104 ... Hatch door, 106 ... Box type structure, 110 ... Float, 120 ... Floorboard, 150 ... Drain pipe, 150A ... One end (inlet), 150B ... other end (outlet), 160 ... check valve, 161 ... valve, 170 ... weight, 180 ... handrail, 200 ... evacuation structure, 202 ... frame structure, 203A ... bottom (bottom wall), 203B ... top ( Ceiling wall), 203C, 203D ... Side wall, 204 ... Hatch door, 206 ... Box type structure, 210 ... Float, 220 ... Floorboard, 250 ... Drain pipe, 260 ... Check valve, 270 ... Weight, 280 ... Handrail, 300 ... Evacuation structure, 290 ... Awning material, 310 ... Stabilizer board, 311, 312 ... First and second stabilizer boards, 400 ... Evacuation structure, 406 ... Box structure, 410 ... Dar, 420 ... Fixed chair, 421 ... Movable chair plate, 422 ... Hinge, 430 ... Mounting part, 431 ... Screw, 432 ... Door, 440 ... All, 450, 451, 452 ... Stabilizer board, 453 ... Locked part, 460 ... Locking part, 470 ... Release operation part, 471 ... Handle, 472 ... Wire, 480 ... Stopper, LWL ... Full load line, MLWL ... Maximum load line

Claims (13)

An incompletely watertight box structure with at least one hatch door,
A float provided on the box-shaped structure,
At least one drain pipe having one end opening to the inside of the box structure and the other end opening to the outer wall of the box structure at a position above the full load line of the box structure,
A reverse valve that is provided in the at least one drain pipe and that prevents water from flowing into the box-shaped structure and that is opened when water pressure is exerted during drainage from the box-shaped structure A stop valve,
A floorboard disposed inside the box-shaped structure and having a floor surface at a position above the full load draft line,
Have a,
The evacuation structure, wherein the at least one drainage pipe has one end opening at a height equal to or lower than the floor surface of the floorboard. In claim 1,
The evacuation structure, wherein the float has a volume that does not completely submerge the box structure even if the box structure is filled with water. In claim 1 or 2 ,
Further having a drainage storage chamber arranged inside the box-shaped structure at a position below the floor,
The floorboard includes a through hole that penetrates vertically,
The evacuation structure, wherein the one end of the at least one drain pipe is open to the drainage storage chamber. An incompletely watertight box structure with at least one hatch door,
A float provided on the box-shaped structure,
At least one drain pipe having one end opening to the inside of the box structure and the other end opening to the outer wall of the box structure at a position above the full load line of the box structure,
A reverse valve that is provided in the at least one drain pipe and that prevents water from flowing into the box-shaped structure and that is opened when water pressure is exerted during drainage from the box-shaped structure A stop valve,
Have
The other end of the at least one drainage pipe has N drainage outlets that open to the outer wall at N (N is an integer of 2 or more) different height positions in which the height in the vertical direction sequentially increases. Yes, and
The maximum load water line at the maximum load when the space inside the box-shaped structure in the full load is filled with water is lower than at least one position of the N drain outlets. Evacuation structure. In claim 4 ,
The at least one drainage pipe has N drainage pipes including the N drainage outlets and N drainage inlets respectively communicating with the N drainage outlets separately. Evacuation structure. In any one of Claim 1 thru | or 5 ,
An evacuation structure characterized in that a weight that gives a restoring force to the box-shaped structure is arranged below the full load draft line. In claim 6 ,
The outline of the cross-section of the box-shaped structure is characterized in that each of the horizontal widths of the bottom portion and the top portion is formed in a polygonal shape narrower than the horizontal width at a position between the bottom portion and the top portion. Evacuation structure. In any one of Claim 1 thru | or 7 ,
The box-shaped structure has a frame structure and a ceiling wall attached to an upper surface of the frame structure, and the ceiling wall is a ceiling that can be escaped from the at least one hatch door provided in the ceiling wall. An evacuation structure having a handrail arranged so as to surround a surface area. An incompletely watertight box structure with at least one hatch door,
A float provided on the box-shaped structure,
At least one drain pipe having one end opening to the inside of the box structure and the other end opening to the outer wall of the box structure at a position above the full load line of the box structure,
A reverse valve that is provided in the at least one drain pipe and that prevents water from flowing into the box-shaped structure and that is opened when water pressure is exerted during drainage from the box-shaped structure A stop valve,
Accommodated in the box-like structure, said box-like structure transverse cross section opposed projectable horizontally than two outer walls are in a plurality of stabilizer plate perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of,
An evacuation structure characterized by having . In claim 9 ,
The evacuation structure, wherein each of the plurality of stabilizer boards is folded and housed in the box-shaped structure. In claim 9 ,
The evacuation structure, wherein each of the plurality of stabilizer panels is rotatably supported outside the box-shaped structure and accommodated in an upright state. In claim 11 ,
A locking portion that locks at least one of the plurality of stabilizer boards in an upright state,
A release operation unit that releases at least one of the plurality of stabilizer panels locked by the locking unit by operating inside the box-shaped structure,
An evacuation structure, further comprising: In any one of Claim 1 thru | or 12 ,
The evacuation structure, wherein the box-shaped structure includes a mounting portion for mounting a propulsion tool that applies a propulsive force to the box-shaped structure.

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