JP5608915B2 - Tsunami shelter - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tsunami shelter for evacuating and evacuating neighboring residents and people near the coast when a tsunami strikes.

  The tsunami shelter is mainly provided on the coastal area of the sea, and is used for evacuation by residents living nearby when there is a risk of the tsunami attacking the coastal area. As a tsunami shelter, for example, there is a type shown in Patent Document 1. This tsunami shelter is equipped with an evacuation stage at a position higher than the expected tsunami height (about 20-30m depending on the area), and it will stand up on the evacuation stage after climbing the stairs attached to the evacuation stage. It is a thing. By waiting on the evacuation stage in this way, the worst situation of being swept away by a tsunami can be avoided.

JP 2011-122424 A

  The tsunami shelter according to Patent Document 1 needs to climb up to the evacuation stage provided at a high position as described above when evacuating, and elderly people, disabled persons, parents with small children, etc. It may take time to evacuate. For this reason, in coastal areas where there is no time delay from the occurrence of the earthquake to the tsunami, there may be a situation in which all residents and others are not in time for evacuation.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to make it possible for residents such as elderly people who are difficult to evacuate quickly by going up stairs to evacuate before the tsunami strikes.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention includes a guide tower having at least three support columns standing upright, and a shelter body provided with water-tightness and provided inside the guide tower so as to be movable up and down. In normal times, the shelter body is located at the bottom of the movable range of vertical movement, and can enter and exit directly from the ground while the shelter body is guided to the guide tower by buoyancy acting on the shelter body in the event of a tsunami. A tsunami shelter that emerged while being constructed.

  In this way, by allowing the shelter main body to directly enter and exit from the ground during normal times, even elderly people or the like can easily evacuate to the shelter main body. In addition, since the shelter body is watertight, there is no risk of water entering the shelter body when it rises due to the tsunami, and the safety of residents evacuated to the shelter body is ensured. . Moreover, since the shelter body only moves up and down in the guide tower and is not basically moved to another place, it is easily rescued in the rescue operation after the tsunami is drawn.

  As long as the shelter body can be guided stably so that the shelter body does not roll over due to the tsunami undulations and does not deviate from the gap between adjacent struts, the number, arrangement, shape, etc. of these struts can be appropriately determined. it can.

In the above configuration, all the columns are arranged in a single ring shape with respect to the ground, and the shelter body has a columnar shape provided with a side wall surface guided by the columns arranged in the ring shape. It can be.

When all the columns are arranged in a single annular shape and the shelter body is cylindrical, the water pressure due to the tsunami acting on the guide tower and the shelter body is almost equal regardless of the direction of the tsunami. For this reason, there is a low possibility that the guide tower and the shelter body are damaged due to the water pressure, and high safety is ensured. Furthermore, foreign objects such as driftwood and rubble often flow along with seawater during tsunamis. When the foreign matter is caught on the support or the shelter body, the caught foreign matter prevents the flow of seawater, which causes a problem that the water pressure applied to the support is further increased.

  Therefore, when the struts are arranged as described above and the shelter body is formed in a columnar shape, the seawater flows so as to bypass the guide tower and the like, and foreign matter is not easily caught on the struts and the shelter body. For this reason, it is possible to avoid the problem that the water pressure increases due to the foreign matter and the guide tower and the shelter body are damaged. Further, since the side wall surface of the shelter body is guided by the support column, when the shelter body rises due to the tsunami, the shelter body is not easily inclined with respect to the vertical axis. For this reason, a sense of security can be given to the residents who have evacuated in the shelter body.

  In each configuration, a guide groove is formed on one side of the support column and the shelter body, and a protrusion is formed on the other side so that the protrusion is guided by the guide groove when the shelter body moves up and down. You can also.

  In this manner, when the shelter body is tilted, the guide groove and the protrusion are engaged with each other, and the shelter body is prevented from further tilting. This further improves the sense of security of the evacuated residents. In particular, when the shelter body has a cylindrical shape, the shelter body easily rotates around the axis as it floats, and a centrifugal force may act on residents who evacuate inside the shelter body, resulting in a physical burden. Therefore, by causing the protrusions to be guided by the guide grooves, the shelter body can be prevented from rotating, and the physical burden on the evacuated residents and the like can be reduced.

  In each of the above configurations, the upper end side of the guide tower is an open end, and when the height of the tsunami is higher than the height of the guide tower, the shelter body can escape from the upper end side of the guide tower. .

  The height of the guide tower is determined on the assumption of the maximum tsunami height, but in some cases, a tsunami with a height exceeding the assumed height may strike. In this case, when the upper end side of the guide tower is a locking end and the shelter body cannot be raised beyond this locking end, the shelter body is only inserted into the tsunami. Then, an unexpected situation such as damage to the shelter body due to the water pressure of the tsunami may occur. Therefore, if the upper end side is the open end and the shelter body can be freely pulled out of the guide tower, the shelter body will not be submerged and the shelter body will flow outside the guide tower, but will float on the sea surface. And at least the lives of residents evacuated to the inside can be secured.

  In the tsunami shelter, the tsunami shelter includes a guide tower having at least three columns, and a shelter body having water-tightness is provided inside the guide tower. When a tsunami strikes, the buoyancy of the shelter body The shelter body was made to rise inside the guide tower. In this configuration, the shelter body is normally located on the ground, so that an elderly person or the like can easily escape to the shelter body. For this reason, more lives can be rescued.

Front view showing a first embodiment of a tsunami shelter according to the present invention 1 is a perspective view of the tsunami shelter shown in FIG. Top view of the tsunami shelter shown in FIG. Plan view showing the main part of the tsunami shelter shown in FIG. Front view showing a second embodiment of a tsunami shelter according to the present invention The exploded perspective view which shows the principal part of the tsunami shelter shown in FIG. Plan view showing the main part of the tsunami shelter shown in FIG.

  A first embodiment of a tsunami shelter according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. This tsunami shelter includes a guide tower 3 having eight main columns 1 standing vertically and two auxiliary columns 2 each being slightly narrower than the main columns 1 and provided between the main columns 1. The inside of the guide tower 3 is provided with a shelter body 4 provided so as to be movable up and down and having watertightness. The main support column 1 and the auxiliary support column 2 are connected by a reinforcing member 5 provided in a horizontal annular shape, and the main support column 1 is reinforced by fixing an oblique column 6 near the root thereof. The height of the guide tower 3 is determined in consideration of the maximum height of the tsunami assumed in the area. For example, in bays close to the coastline, the tsunami may be locally high, so it is conceivable to make the height relatively high, about 20-30 m.

  The guide tower 3 may be constructed directly on the ground. However, as shown in FIG. 1 and the like, it is preferable to provide a base portion 7 on the ground and construct the guide tower 3 on the base portion 7 because it is more stable. The base portion 7 is provided with a slope 8 that eliminates a level difference from the ground. By using this slope 8, a user of a wheelchair can evacuate smoothly. Further, the guide tower 3 is provided with a speaker 9 for calling residents to evacuate or notifying tsunami information.

  In this way, the guide tower 3 is composed of a plurality of “posts”, and the turret water flow and foreign matters flowing along with the tsunami are configured to escape from the gaps between the pillars. Compared to the case, the risk of the guide tower 3 collapsing due to the water pressure caused by the water flow can be greatly reduced.

The shelter body 4 has a cylindrical shape made of steel, and the inside is an evacuation space. The outer diameter of the side wall of the shelter body 4 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the guide tower 3 (see FIG. 4 and the like), and the vertical movement in the guide tower 3 is smoothly performed. When a tsunami strikes with undulations, the main column 1 or the auxiliary column 2 comes into contact with the side wall of the shelter body 4 so that the shelter body 4 does not largely tilt inside the guide tower 3. For this reason, the sense of security of residents evacuated to the shelter body 4 is great. As the material of this shelter body 4, in addition to using steel as in the present embodiment, such as fiber reinforced plastic, a material having high strength that is not easily damaged even when a foreign object such as driftwood or debris collides during a tsunami Can be used. The size of the evacuation space can be appropriately changed in consideration of the population of the area where the tsunami shelter is installed. For example, when evacuation of up to about 200 to 300 people is assumed, it should be about 100 m ^2. Can do.

  A window 10 and a door 11 are provided on the side wall of the shelter body 4. The evacuated residents can directly check the tsunami invasion status from the window 10. Since this window 10 needs to withstand the water pressure caused by the tsunami, it is preferable that the window 10 be a circular window 10 used in ships and the like. In the case where it is considered unnecessary to visually recognize the outside, in order to further increase the strength of the shelter body 4, a configuration without the window 10 may be adopted.

  A hatch 12 is provided on the ceiling of the shelter body 4. After the tsunami has passed, foreign objects such as driftwood are expected to be scattered around, and a situation in which the door 11 of the shelter body 4 cannot be opened due to this foreign object may occur. Moreover, when the water level drops and the shelter body 4 touches the ground, the main column 1 or the auxiliary column 2 may interfere with the door 11 and the door 11 cannot be opened. Therefore, if the hatch 12 is formed on the ceiling so that the hatch 12 can escape, the rescue operation after the tsunami can be performed more smoothly. The hatch 12 is preferably provided so as not to protrude so much upward from the ceiling of the shelter body 4. This is because if it protrudes greatly, foreign objects such as driftwood collide with the hatch 12 as the tsunami strikes, and the hatch 12 may be damaged. Even if the hatch 12 is not provided, there is no problem in the function of the tsunami shelter itself.

  The shelter body 4 according to the present embodiment has a single wall structure in which the floor, the side wall, and the ceiling are each composed of a single steel plate in the thickness direction, but a double wall in which a cavity is formed between two steel plates. It can be a structure. By adopting such a double wall structure, even if the outer wall of the shelter body 4 (the outer wall of the double wall) is damaged by a foreign object such as driftwood, the inner wall (the inner wall of the double wall) can be Water can be prevented from flowing into the main body 4, and the safety of this tsunami shelter is enhanced. Furthermore, if a foamed resin material such as urethane foam is provided between the inner and outer walls, water can be prevented from flowing between the inner and outer walls, and the buoyancy of the shelter body 4 can be ensured. For this reason, the safety of this tsunami shelter is further enhanced.

  The upper end side of the guide tower 3 is an open end without a locking member for preventing the shelter body 4 from coming off. For this reason, when a tsunami with a height exceeding the height of the guide tower 3 exceeds the expected height, the shelter body 4 can escape from the upper end of the guide tower 3 without being submerged in the guide tower 3. In this case, the shelter body 4 is swept along with the tsunami, but is easily rescued in the rescue operation because it keeps floating on the sea.

  The shelter body 4 of this tsunami shelter is normally located on the ground as shown in FIG. For this reason, even an elderly person, a disabled person, a parent with a small child, etc. can easily evacuate to the shelter body 4 without going up the stairs. When the tsunami strikes and the water surface WL rises, the shelter body 4 rises in the guide tower 3 by its buoyancy (see the phantom line in FIG. 1). As a result, the lives of residents evacuated to the shelter body 4 are protected.

  The tsunami shelter is preferably used as a facility that residents and the like use on a daily basis, such as a meeting place or a self-governing hall. This is because, if the habit of using this tsunami shelter is acquired, the evacuation action to the tsunami shelter can be performed smoothly even in an emergency situation where a tsunami strikes.

  The shelter body 4 is provided with food, drinking water, medicines, blankets, toilets, batteries, etc. that allow evacuated residents to live on their own for several days, taking into account the number of people accommodated. Is preferred. In addition, since the shelter body 4 may be inclined when a tsunami strikes, the inner surface of the shelter body 4 is not provided with a stepped portion, a protrusion, etc. as much as possible, and a certain degree of cushioning function (cushion material, etc.) It is more preferable from the viewpoint of safety.

  Since this tsunami shelter is constructed so as not to be damaged by the tsunami, it can be used as a temporary housing for the time being even after the tsunami is pulled. For this reason, the inconvenience of residents etc. can be reduced as much as possible.

  In this embodiment, the guide tower 3 is composed of the main strut 1 and the auxiliary strut 2 having different thicknesses. However, the guide tower 3 may be composed of only the main strut 1 (only struts having the same thickness). it can. Moreover, the number of each support | pillar 1 and 2 can also be changed suitably in the range which can move the shelter main body 4 smoothly up and down.

  A second embodiment of the tsunami shelter according to the present invention is shown in FIGS. The tsunami shelter has a guide groove 13 formed in the main column 1 constituting the guide tower 3 and a protrusion 14 formed on the side surface of the shelter body 4. When the shelter body 4 moves up and down the guide tower 3, The portion 14 is configured to be guided by the guide groove 13. By doing in this way, when the shelter main body 4 floats with the tsunami attack, the rotation and inclination of the shelter main body 4 around its axis can be prevented. For this reason, there is no fear that residents etc. evacuated to the shelter body 4 may feel uneasy due to rotation or inclination.

  In each said embodiment, although the shape of the shelter main body 4 was made into the column shape, this shape is not limited to this. For example, the shelter body 4 may be spherical. This is because the spherical shape can reduce the influence of the water pressure associated with the tsunami and can prevent the shelter body 4 from being damaged by this water pressure as much as possible. The guide tower 3 is not limited to a circular cross section, and the main support column 1 and the auxiliary support column 2 may be arranged so as to have a rectangular shape, for example.

1 Main support (support)
2 Auxiliary support (support)
3 Guide tower 4 Shelter body 5 Reinforcement member 6 Diagonal column 7 Base part 8 Slope 9 Speaker 10 Window 11 Door 12 Hatch 13 Guide groove 14 Projection part WL Water surface

Claims (3)

A guide tower (3) having at least three columns (1, 2) standing upright and a shelter body (4) provided inside the guide tower so as to be movable up and down and having watertightness, Sometimes the shelter body (4) is located at the bottom of the vertically movable range and can enter and exit the shelter body (4) directly from the ground, while the buoyancy that acts on the shelter body (4) when a tsunami strikes The shelter body (4) floats while being guided by the guide tower (3) ,
With all of the respective strut (1, 2) are disposed in one annular with respect to the ground, the side wall surface which is guided by the struts (1, 2) which are arranged shelter body (4) to said annular cylindrical shape with a the tsunami shelter. A guide groove (13) is formed on one side of the support columns (1, 2) and the shelter body (4), and a protrusion (14) is formed on the other side. When the shelter body (4) moves up and down, the protrusion The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, wherein the portion (14) is guided by the guide groove (13). When the upper end side of the guide tower (3) is an open end and the height of the tsunami is higher than the height of the guide tower (3), the shelter body (4) comes out of the upper end side of the guide tower (3). The tsunami shelter according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the tsunami shelter is provided.

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