JP5390040B1 - Shelter for evacuation in case of flood - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a shelter for evacuation in the event of a flood that floats in the vicinity of a water surface and can effectively mitigate impacts from the outside by a buffer structure to enhance the safety of the floating body.
A watertight hollow capsule-like floating body 2 made of a rigid body, a buffer structure 3 made of a hollow annular tube body 3a provided around the floating body 2, a weight 9 disposed on the bottom of the floating body 2, The floating body 2 includes a hatch 2a that allows people to enter and exit from the hollow portion 2b. The tube body 3a is formed of a rigid body and includes a plurality of holes 4 in the trunk portion. The flood shelter 1A is characterized in that it is completely submerged when it floats and the hollow portion 3b of the tube body 3a is filled with water.
[Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a shelter for evacuation in the event of a flood with a buffer structure around a shelter floating in water.

Conventionally, various forms of evacuation shelters have been invented as aids for evacuation of evacuees during a tsunami or river flooding.
Among them, a capsule-shaped evacuation shelter that floats on water and has a floating structure made of a hollow tube around the capsule shelter is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 50-114795 (Patent Document 1). "Floating Box for Rescue", "Disc and Elliptical Sealed Lifeboat" disclosed in JP-A-51-146094 (Patent Document 2), "Lifeboat" disclosed in JP-A-57-66092 (Patent Document 3) Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-2265 “Marine Lifesaving Device” (Patent Document 4), Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 49-86597 “Lifesaving Device” (Patent Document 5), Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 57-33593 “Lifeboat” (Patent Document 6), “Water Stabilized Life Raft” in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-44299 (Patent Document 7), “Capsule Lifesaving Device” in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-80398 (Patent Document 8), etc. It has been known.
In general, there are a lot of obstacles in the water or in the water at the time of flood damage such as tsunami or flood, and in the case of such a capsule-type evacuation shelter that floats on the water, it is placed around the trunk. When a floating structure that collides with an obstacle in the water breaks, the buoyancy of the shelter for evacuation becomes insufficient, and there is a possibility that it will not function sufficiently as an evacuation device.
As another invention capable of coping with such a situation, Patent Document 9 as shown below can be considered.

Patent Document 9 discloses an invention relating to a marine life preserver used under the name “marine life preserver” and used when a ship is capsized and submerged in the ocean.
The lifesaving device for marine accidents disclosed in Patent Document 9 will be described using the reference numerals described in the document as they are. A hatch 25 provided with an auxiliary air suction cylinder 29 is attached to the main body 1 so that it can be opened and closed by a handle 32, and the buffer 1 is connected to the main body 1 by a lifting bracket 5, a window 6 and a horizontal plate 2. The handrail 24 and the weight 4 are mounted, and the rotation instruction shaft 8 provided at the upper facing position of the support ring 7 is rotatably mounted at two positions on the inner surface of the main body 1, and the inner surface 2 of the support ring 7 is mounted. A rotating support shaft 8 provided at a position facing the upper portion of the inner cylinder provided with the drinking water tank 14 is rotatably mounted at two locations, and the drinking water tank 14 is provided at two locations on the inner surface of the supporting ring 7. The cylinder 10 is held at the upper facing position and is buffered inside the inner cylinder 10. 11, seawater discharge hole 15 and drinking water injection hole 16 are perforated, safety belt 13, tatami chair 12, oxygen cylinder 22, emergency accessory box 23 are installed, drinking water tank 14 and main body 1 Beverage pipes 20 provided with manual pumps 21 and 18 and seawater discharge pipes 17 are respectively inserted into the bottom of each.
The invention disclosed in Patent Document 9 having the above configuration is a substitute for a lifeboat in a ship or the like. According to such an invention disclosed in Patent Document 9, some trouble occurs in the ship, and the marine lifesaving device is dropped from the ship in order to evacuate sailors and passengers with the lifesaving apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 9. When the marine lifesaving device collides with the ship, the shock can be buffered by the cushioning material 3 provided on the peripheral side surface of the main body 1 to prevent the main body 1 from being damaged.

JP-A-50-114795 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 51-146094 JP 57-66092 A Japanese Patent Publication No.43-2265 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 49-86597 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 57-33593 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-44299 Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-80398 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 49-15194

In Patent Document 9, there is no disclosure about the material of the cushioning material 8, but with reference to FIG. 3, the cushioning material 3 is considered to be a solid material.
Such a cushioning material 3 is assumed to be made of synthetic resin or rubber, but during a disaster such as a tsunami or flood, various obstacles (such as damaged buildings) exist in the water, It is expected that the collision with them will be repeated. In this case, when the cushioning material 3 using elasticity or cushioning is used, there is a possibility that the cushioning material itself is damaged when an impact with the obstacle occurs and a sufficient cushioning effect cannot be expected.
Further, in the invention disclosed in Patent Document 9, if it is assumed that the main body 1 is made of steel and the cushioning material 8 is made of synthetic resin or rubber, at the time of collision with the remnant or rigid body of the building, There were fears that the cushioning effect of the cushioning material 8 would be insufficient, and that the cushioning material 8 was more likely to deteriorate than the main body 1.

  The present invention has been made in response to such a conventional situation, and when it collides with a rigid object, it transforms itself while converting a part of the impact into water pressure and discharging it to the outside. An object of the present invention is to provide a shelter for evacuation in the event of a flood that has a shock absorbing structure that alleviates impact and prevents damage to the shelter body.

In order to achieve the above object, the flood evacuation shelter according to claim 1 is a watertight hollow capsule-like floating body made of a rigid body, and a buffer structure made of a hollow annular tube body that is provided around the floating body, A weight disposed on the bottom of the floating body, the floating body includes a hatch that allows people to enter and exit from the hollow portion, and the tube body is formed of a rigid body and includes a plurality of holes in the trunk portion. When the floating body floats in water, it is completely submerged, and the hollow portion of the tube body is filled with water.
In the first aspect of the present invention, the floating body functions as a shelter that accommodates evacuees in the hollow portion and floats on the water surface in the event of a flood (such as a tsunami or flood). In addition, since the floating body is formed into a water-tight capsule shape, a large buoyancy is generated and the floating body and the buffer structure are floated near the water surface. In addition, the weight has an effect of making the vertical direction of the floating body constant so that the bottom of the floating body faces vertically downward when the floating body floats on water. Furthermore, the hatch is an entrance when people enter and exit the floating body.
The tube-shaped buffer structure made of a rigid body is integrally provided horizontally around the outer surface of the body of the floating body, so that when the floating body floats in the vicinity of the water surface where there are many obstacles, the floating body has obstacles. Has the effect of preventing direct collision.
In the first aspect of the present invention, when the buffer structure is formed of a rigid body, when the obstacle collides with the buffer structure, the buffer structure itself is deformed and part of the impact energy is increased in the water pressure inside the buffer structure. It has the effect | action that it transforms | moderates and relieves | moderates, and reduces the risk that a shock energy will be transmitted to the floating body accommodated inside a buffer structure, and will be damaged. When the impact energy acting on the buffer structure is converted into an increase in the water pressure in the tube body, drainage occurs from the hole drilled in the tube body, so that a part of the collision energy converted into the water pressure is externally applied. It has the effect of releasing into

The flood evacuation shelter according to claim 2 is the flood evacuation shelter according to claim 1, wherein the tube body has a circular vertical cross-sectional shape with respect to the annular direction, and at least a part of the hole is It is characterized in that it is perforated at the uppermost part in the vertical direction of the tube body.
In addition to the same operation as that of the invention of the first aspect, the invention of claim 2 having the above-described configuration has a tube structure having a shell structure by making the vertical cross-sectional shape with respect to the annular direction of the tube body circular. It has the effect of making the tube body difficult to deform when an object collides. That is, it has the effect | action of raising the intensity | strength, making the design regarding the intensity | strength of a tube body easy.
In addition, by drilling in the uppermost vertical part of the tube body, when the floating body floats on the water, the air inside the tube body is quickly discharged to the outside, and the water is quickly discharged into the hollow part of the tube body. Has the effect of intrusion.

The flood evacuation shelter according to claim 3 is the flood evacuation shelter according to claim 2, wherein the hole is also drilled at the lowest position in the vertical direction of the tube body. To do.
In the invention according to claim 3 having the above-described configuration, when a floating body is suspended in the vicinity of the water surface by forming a hole in the lowest vertical bottom part of the tube body, water intrudes into the buffer structure and air accompanying it. It has the effect of making the discharge to the outside smoother.
Further, according to the third aspect, the holes are formed at both the vertical uppermost part and the vertical lowermost part of the tube body, which is generated when an external force (impact) is applied from the horizontal direction of the outer surface of the tube body. As the water pressure rises, the water in the hollow portion is discharged from the hole in the vertical uppermost part and the vertical lowermost part of the tube body. As a result, the deformation of the tube body is allowed to proceed slowly, and it is possible to suitably suppress the transmission of a strong impact to the floating body.

A disaster evacuation shelter according to claim 4 is the flood evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shelter is located at a connecting portion between the floating body and the buffer structure. The structure is interposed.
In addition to the same action as that of each of the first to third aspects of the invention, the invention described in claim 4 is provided with a floating structure, so that the buoyancy acting on the floating body can be increased and the refugee in the floating body can be improved. It has the effect of increasing the capacity.
In addition, by providing the floating structure at the connecting portion between the floating body and the buffer structure, the floating structure is protected by the buffer structure. In addition, since the floating body is protected not only by the buffer structure but also by deformation of the floating structure, it has the effect of further reducing the risk of the floating body being damaged by collision with an obstacle when the floating body is floating.

The disaster evacuation shelter according to claim 5 is the flood evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the floating body is a cylindrical body, or a plurality of shelters The cylindrical body is integrally connected with the respective axes arranged in parallel, and the axis of the cylindrical body is arranged horizontally.
The invention described in claim 5 having the above configuration has the same action as the invention described in each of claims 1 to 4.
The most preferable form of the floating body is a spherical shape. However, when the shape of the floating body is spherical, a large number of evacuees cannot be accommodated efficiently in the floating body.
On the other hand, when the shape of the floating body is a cylindrical body or a structure in which a plurality of cylindrical bodies are integrally connected, the effect of allowing a large number of evacuees to be accommodated while increasing the strength of the floating body. Have.
In addition, by making the shape of the floating body into a cylindrical body or a form in which a plurality of cylindrical bodies are integrally connected, the steel body has a cylindrical shape that is used for the foundation of buildings, abutments, piers, etc. It has the effect | action which enables manufacture using. In this case, it has the effect | action of enabling easy mass production of the reliable product about the safety | security of a floating body. Moreover, it has the effect | action of making it possible to unitize each cylindrical body.

A disaster evacuation shelter as claimed in claim 6 is the flood evacuation shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the shelter floats in water without accommodating the refugee. The center of gravity of the shelter for evacuation at the time of flooding is characterized by being below the water surface.
The invention according to claim 6 having the above-described configuration has the same effect as that of each of the inventions described in claims 1 to 5, in addition to the shelter for evacuation in case of flood when floating in water without accommodating the refugee. By setting the position of the center of gravity below the surface of the water, the center of gravity of the shelter for evacuation at the time of flooding in a state where the evacuees are accommodated is always kept below the surface of the water.
And, by having the center of gravity of the shelter for evacuation at the time of flooding always below the surface of the water, the stability of the shelter for evacuation at the time of flooding is improved, and it has the effect of suppressing the rolling when floating near the water surface .

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the floating body floats in the vicinity of the water surface, the obstacle can be prevented from directly colliding with the floating body and being damaged by providing the buffer body in the horizontal body portion of the floating body. .
In addition, the buffer structure is formed of a rigid and hollow annular tube body, and a number of holes are formed in the tube body so that the hollow portion is filled with water while the tube body is submerged. The collision energy when an obstacle collides with the buffer structure can be converted into an increase in water pressure in the hollow portion, and the water in the tube body can be discharged from the hole to the outside and part of the collision energy can be discharged to the outside. In this case, since the deformation of the buffer structure occurs smoothly, the collision energy is also reduced by the deformation of the buffer structure. As a result, the collision energy transmitted to the floating body arranged inside the buffer structure can be reduced.
Thereby, the risk that a floating body will be damaged at the time of a collision with an obstacle can be reduced significantly. That is, the durability of the floating body when using the invention of claim 1 can be extended, and the safety of the refugee in the floating body can be ensured for a longer time.
Furthermore, in the invention of claim 1, by providing a weight at the bottom of the floating body, the vertical direction of the floating body can be made constant. As a result, the swinging of the floating body can be reduced and the riding comfort of the floating body can be improved.

  In addition to the same effect as that of the invention of the first aspect, the invention according to the second aspect can increase the strength of the tube body by making the vertical cross-sectional shape with respect to the annular direction of the tube body circular. Further, by forming at least a part of the hole in the uppermost portion in the vertical direction of the tube body, when the invention of claim 2 is floated on water, the discharge of air accompanying the intrusion of water into the tube body is smoothly performed. Can be done. As a result, the effect of the buffer structure in the invention of claim 2 can be quickly exhibited.

In addition to the same effect as that of the invention of the second aspect, the invention described in claim 3 can further increase the water intrusion speed into the tube body by forming a hole in the lowest vertical direction of the tube body.
In this case, when the invention of claim 3 is used while floating on water, the buffering effect of the buffer structure 3 can be rapidly exhibited.
Therefore, damage to the floating body can be efficiently prevented using the buffer structure.

In addition to the same effect as that of each of the inventions of claims 1 to 3, the invention of claim 4 can supplement the buoyancy of the floating body by providing a floating structure at the connecting portion of the floating body and the buffer structure. it can. As a result, the number of evacuees that can be accommodated in the hollow part of the floating body can be increased.
Moreover, the floating structure can be protected by the buffer structure by arranging the floating structure inside the buffer structure. As a result, the risk of damage to the floating structure can be reduced when a strong impact is applied to the invention according to claim 4 from the outside.
Furthermore, in the invention of claim 4, the floating body is protected not only by the buffer structure but also by the floating structure. Thereby, the safety of the floating body can be further improved.

  According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the same effects as those of the first to fourth aspects of the invention, the floating body is formed into a cylindrical body or a connecting body of the cylindrical bodies, thereby While increasing the strength, it is possible to easily cope with an increase in the number of evacuees accommodated in the hollow portion.

In addition to the same effects as those of the inventions of claims 1 to 5, the invention according to claim 6 sets the center of gravity position of the shelter for evacuation in case of flooding when floating in water without accommodating the refugee. By setting it as the bottom, the gravity center position of the invention of claim 6 in the state where the refugee is accommodated can be surely brought under the water surface.
In this case, the roll of the floating body can be reduced as compared with the case where the center of gravity is set on the water surface. As a result, the riding comfort of the invention of claim 6 can be improved.

(A) It is a top view of the shelter for evacuation at the time of the flood which concerns on embodiment of this invention. (B) It is a side view of the shelter for evacuation at the time of the flood which concerns on embodiment of this invention. (A) It is an axial sectional view of the shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a vertical sectional view with respect to the axial direction of the shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention. (A) It is a vertical sectional view with respect to the axial direction of the floating body of the shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention. (B) It is a conceptual diagram which shows the force which acts on the fragment | piece of the floating body of the shelter for evacuation shelter at the time of the flood which concerns on embodiment of this invention. (A)-(c) is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the principle with which the floating body of the shelter for flooding according to embodiment of this invention is stabilized at the time of floating. (A) It is the elements on larger scale of the buffer structure periphery of the shelter for evacuation at the time of flooding concerning embodiment of this invention, (b) It is the DD sectional view taken on the line in FIG. 4 (a). It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the immersion condition of the buffer structure of the shelter for evacuation shelter at the time of the flood which concerns on embodiment of this invention. (A)-(c) is a conceptual diagram which shows the mechanism in which the buffer structure of the shelter for evacuation at the time of flooding which concerns on embodiment of this invention eases the impact from the outside. It is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the stress which acts on the buffer structure of the shelter for evacuation shelter at the time of the flood which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the stress and distortion which act on the buffer structure of the shelter for evacuation shelter according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of the shelter for evacuation at the time of the flood which concerns on embodiment of this invention.

  Below, the shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.

The form of the shelter for evacuation 1A according to this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 1 (a) is a plan view of a shelter for evacuation according to an embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is a side view of the shelter for evacuation according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 (a) is a sectional view in the axial direction of the shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 (b) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing.
More specifically, the cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1A is FIG. 2A, and the cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. FIG. 2B is a sectional view taken along the line CC in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, a shelter 1A for evacuation according to the present embodiment includes a watertight hollow capsule-like floating body 2 made of a rigid body such as a steel plate, and a horizontal periphery around the body of the floating body 2. The buffer structure 3 including the hollow annular tube body 3a and the weight 9 (see FIG. 2) that is arranged on the bottom of the floating body 2 and adjusts the vertical vertical direction of the floating body 2 are configured. The floating body 2 is provided with a hatch 2a that allows people to enter and leave the hollow portion.
In addition, the buffer structure 3 according to the present embodiment includes a hollow annular tube body 3 made of a rigid body such as a steel plate, for example, and is integrally fixed to the body portion of the floating body 2 by welding or the like, for example.
Further, the tube body 3a is provided with a large number of holes 4, and when the shelter 1A for evacuation in case of flooding is floated near the water surface, the tube body 3a is completely submerged under the water surface. And the hollow part 3b of the tube body 3a will also be in the state filled with water.
In addition, the mechanism in which the shock from the outside is mitigated by the buffer structure 3 will be described in detail later.
Moreover, in the shelter for evacuation 1A according to the present embodiment, the window 2b is provided in the trunk portion of the floating body 2 so that the evacuees 6 who have evacuated into the floating body 2 can check the outside of the floating body 2. Good.
The operation and effect of the floating structure 5 will be described in detail later.

The shape of the floating body 2 is most preferably spherical, but if the floating body 2 is spherical, a large number of evacuees cannot be accommodated efficiently in the floating body 2. In addition, there is a problem that the manufacturing costs a great deal.
In view of such circumstances, in the flood shelter 1A according to the present embodiment, in order to sufficiently increase the strength of the floating body 2 and increase the volume in the floating body 2 while reducing the manufacturing cost. The outer shape of the floating body 2 is a cylindrical body.
As shown in FIG. 2, the internal structure of the floating body 2 is, for example, provided with two chaise long seats 8 parallel to the axial direction of the floating body 2 and facing each other. The person 6 may be evacuated while sitting.
In addition, the evacuation by the shelter for evacuation 1A according to the present embodiment is predicted to cause a large shake in the floating body 2 near the evacuation by the lifeboat.
For this reason, it is good also as a structure which can provide the safety belt 7 in the sheet | seat 8, and can fix the body of the evacuee 6 as needed.

Here, with reference to FIG. 3, the merit of incorporating the shell structure in the form of the floating body 2 will be described.
FIG. 3A is a vertical cross-sectional view with respect to the axial direction of the floating body of the shelter for flooding according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3B is the floating body of the shelter for flooding according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the force which acts on the fragment | piece. The same parts as those described in FIGS. 1 and 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description of the configuration is omitted.
As shown in FIG. 3A, when the vertical cross-sectional shape of the floating body 2 with respect to the axial direction is a shell structure, for example, a circular shape, an external force P acts on the floating body 2 from the outside. At this time, the bending acting on the member at the end face of the fragment of the floating body 2 as shown in FIG. 3B (the fragment of the floating body 2 cut along the nn line and the mm line in FIG. 3A). Since it is only necessary to consider the stress σ _s acting in the direction of elongation of the member ignoring the stress, the strength calculation can be facilitated.
Therefore, it is desirable that the floating body 2 has a curved shape such as a circle, an ellipse, and a parabola so that the side surface of the floating body 2 has the above-described shell structure. Moreover, in order to make manufacture of the floating body 2 easy, especially making the internal space of the floating body 2 wide, it is good to make the floating body 2 into a cylindrical body.
For the same reason, a tube body 3a having a circular vertical cross-sectional shape with respect to the annular direction is employed as the buffer structure 3 of the shelter 1A for evacuation according to the present embodiment. Needless to say, the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the annular direction of the tube body 3a may be any curved surface as long as it is configured to function as a shell structure.

Further, as the merit of making the vertical cross-sectional shape with respect to the axial direction of the floating body 2 circular, there are the following.
4A to 4C are conceptual diagrams for explaining the principle that the floating body of the shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention is stabilized when floating.
As shown in FIG. 4A, when the floating body 10a has a rectangular sectional shape in the axial direction, the weight W of the floating body 10a acts on the vertically lower side at the center of gravity G of the floating body 10a when the floating body 10a is stable. Meanwhile, in the center of buoyancy C of the floating body 10a, buoyancy P _V generated in proportion to the volume of the floating body 10a is submerged acts vertically upward. Then, the weight W and buoyancy _{P V} of the floating body 10a is interact with each other on the floating body 10a of the line of action (the center line S).
As shown in FIG. 4 (b), when the floating body 10a from this state is inclined relative to the rotational center O, center of buoyancy of the floating body 10a is moved to the position of the C _1, buoyancy P _V is applied at this position It will be. This is because the buoyancy in the area hatched with a broken line in FIG. 4B disappears, while the buoyancy in the area hatched with a solid line in FIG. 4B newly occurs.
The intersection of the action line (center line S) of the weight W of the floating body 10a when it is in a balanced state as shown in FIG. 4B and the action line P when the floating body 10a is tilted is the metacenter M. The distance between the metacenter M and the center of gravity G is called “metacenter height”. When the metacenter M is positioned vertically above the center of gravity, the couple acts in a direction to return to the original balanced state. Such a couple is a restoring force.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4 (c), if the cross-sectional shape with respect to the axial direction of the floating body 10b is circular, because the floating body weight W and buoyancy P _V is always on the center line S is the line of action The floating body 10b is always stable without generation of couples.
Therefore, it is desirable that the shape of the floating body 2 according to the present embodiment is a cylindrical body.

Further, in general, the restoring force acting on the floating body becomes larger as the width of the floating body is larger than the vertical height of the floating body. Therefore, the length L (see FIG. 1 (b)) of the shelter for evacuation according to the present embodiment is longer than the height H (see FIG. 1 (b)) of the floating body 2. However, the stability of the floating body 2 can be increased.
Furthermore, when the length L of the floating body 2 is long, the number of evacuees 6 that can be accommodated in the floating body 2 can be increased, so that it is possible to provide a shelter 1A for evacuation during floods with a large number of accommodated persons and being compact and highly stable. There is also a merit.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 above, in the shelter 1A for evacuation according to the present embodiment, the connection portion of the floating body 2 and the buffer structure 3 is formed of a watertight hollow annular rigid body (for example, a steel plate). A floating structure 5 may be interposed.
In this case, when it is necessary to accommodate a large number of evacuees 6 in the floating body 2 and the buoyancy of the floating body 2 is likely to be insufficient, the buoyancy of the floating body 2 can be increased by providing the floating structure 5. Can be supplemented. Such a floating structure 5 may be fixed to the body of the floating body 2 by, for example, welding.
1 and 2, the case where the vertical cross-sectional shape of the floating structure 5 with respect to the annular direction is a half-moon shape is described as an example, but when the floating structure 5 needs to generate a large buoyancy, The vertical cross-sectional shape with respect to the annular direction of the floating structure 5 may be circular. Moreover, the strength of the floating structure 5 can be increased by making the vertical cross-sectional shape of the floating structure 5 perpendicular to the annular direction a shell structure.
Furthermore, the floating structure 5 can be protected by the buffer structure 3 by interposing the floating structure 5 between the floating body 2 and the buffer structure 3 in this way. In addition, by providing the floating structure 5, the floating body 2 is protected by the two structures of the buffer structure 3 and the floating structure 5.
As a result, when the flood shelter 1A according to the present embodiment floats in the vicinity of the water surface, the risk of colliding with an obstacle and damaging the floating body 2 can be further reduced.
Of course, when sufficient buoyancy can be generated only by the floating body 2, the floating structure 5 is not necessarily provided.

Moreover, in the shelter 1A for evacuation at the time of flood according to the present embodiment, it is desirable to make the structure arranged farther away from the floating body 2 softer in order to enhance the buffering effect of the floating body 2 by the buffer structure 3. More specifically, when the floating structure 5 and the buffer structure 3 are arranged in this order on the body of the floating body 2, the elastic coefficient E _{2 of the} material constituting the floating body ₂ and the floating structure 5 are configured. Each material may be selected so that the elastic coefficient E ₅ of the material and the elastic coefficient E _{3 of the} material constituting the buffer structure 3 satisfy the relationship of E ₂ > E ₅ > E ₃ . However, the thickness of the material constituting the floating body 2 and the thickness constituting the floating structure 5 and the buffer structure 3 are constant.
In this case, when an impact is applied to the buffer structure 3 from the outside of the shelter for evacuation according to the present embodiment from the outside, the degree of deformation increases in ascending order of the elastic coefficient value constituting each structure. That is, the floating structure 5 is deformed more greatly than the floating structure 2, and the buffer structure 3 is deformed more greatly than the floating structure 5.
As a result, when an obstacle collides with the evacuation shelter 1A in the event of a flood, the structure disposed farther away from the floating body 2 is more greatly deformed, so that the impact transmitted to the floating body 2 is greatly attenuated. Will be. As a result, the safety of the floating body 2 can be significantly increased.
As another method for changing the softness of the floating body 2, the floating structure 5, and the buffer structure 3, there is a method of changing the thickness of the floating body 2, the floating structure 5, and the buffer structure 3 while using the same material. is there. In this case, the same effect can be expected.
Incidentally, if the flood evacuation shelters 1A according to this embodiment does not have the structure 5 floats, elastic coefficient E ₂ of the floating body _2, each of the elastic modulus E ₃ of the buffer structure 3, the E _2> E ₃ In order to satisfy the relationship, or when the material constituting the floating body 2 and the buffer structure 3 is the same, the thickness of the material constituting the buffer structure 3 is designed to be smaller than the thickness of the material constituting the floating body 2 Good.
Furthermore, it is possible to control both the elastic coefficient and the thickness of the material constituting the floating body 2, the floating structure 5, and the buffer structure 3 so that the structure disposed at a position away from the floating body 2 becomes softer.

Next, a mechanism in which an external impact is absorbed by the buffer structure 3 of the shelter for evacuating shelter 1A according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5A is a partially enlarged view around the buffer structure of the shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD in FIG. is there. The same parts as those described in FIGS. 1 to 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description of the configuration is omitted.
As shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the shock absorbing structure 3 of the shelter for evacuation shelter 1A according to the present embodiment has a plurality of holes in a hollow annular tube body 3a made of a rigid body such as a steel plate, for example. 4 is formed, and when the shelter 1A for evacuation in case of flood is used, that is, when the shelter 1A for evacuation in case of flood is used in the vicinity of the water surface, the tube body 3a is submerged under the surface of the water. The hollow portion 3b is filled with water (seawater, river water, fresh water, or the like).
In FIG. 5, the case where the floating structure 5 is interposed between the connection part of the floating body 2 and the tube body 3a of the shelter 1A for evacuation in case of flood is described as an example. As described above, the floating structure 5 may not be provided.
Further, the hole 4 formed in the tube body 3a constituting the buffer structure 3 is arranged so that the hollow portion 3b of the tube body 3a is filled with water when the shelter 1A for evacuation in case of flood is floated on water. It can be installed anywhere.

As shown in FIG. 5 (a), when the vertical cross-sectional shape of the tube body 3a with respect to the annular direction has a projecting shape vertically upward, at least the hole 4 can be discharged so that air can be efficiently discharged from the projecting portion. A part of the tube body 3a may be perforated in the uppermost part in the vertical direction.
Furthermore, in addition to the uppermost part in the vertical direction of the tube body 3a, the tube body so that the water can smoothly enter the hollow portion 3b of the tube body 3a when the shelter for evacuation in case of flood is floated on water. The tube body 3a may be drilled in the lowest vertical direction of 3a.
In addition, although the vertical cross-sectional shape with respect to the annular direction of the tube body 3a is not particularly specified, in order to facilitate the design of the tube body 3a while enhancing the strength, the shell structure as described above may be employed. In the present embodiment, as an example of the simplest shell structure, a case where the vertical cross-sectional shape with respect to the annular direction of the tube body 3a is circular is described as an example.

Although the number and diameter of the holes 4 drilled in the tube body 3a are not particularly specified, the buffer structure increases as the diameter of the hole 4 increases or as the number of holes 4 drilled in the tube body 3a increases. The rigidity of 3 decreases. Further, as will be described in detail later, when the impact force acts on the tube body 3a, if the drainage is instantaneously generated from the hole 4, the sufficient buffering effect by the buffer structure 3 is not exhibited. For this reason, the diameter of the hole 4 and the number of the holes 4 formed in the tube body 3a are set so that when the water pressure rises in the hollow portion 3b of the tube body 3a, drainage from the hole 4 does not occur instantaneously. It is necessary that the number of the holes is such that the water can be drained from the holes 4 and the rigidity of the buffer structure 3 is not significantly lowered.
In view of such circumstances, in the buffer structure 3 of the shelter for evacuating shelter 1A according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 5B, the vertical cross-sectional shape with respect to the annular direction is Holes 4 are bored in series at desired intervals in the uppermost part in the vertical direction and the lowermost part in the vertical direction of the circular tube body 3a.

FIG. 6 shows the state of immersion of the tube body 3a in the state where the shelter for evacuation 1A having the buffer structure 3 as described above is floated on water.
FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an immersion state of the buffer structure of the shelter for evacuating shelter according to the embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those described in FIGS. 1 to 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description of the configuration is omitted.
When the shelter for evacuation 1A according to the present embodiment floats on water, water enters the hollow portion 3b from the hole 4 drilled in the tube body 3a, and the air in the hollow portion 3b flows from the hole 4 into the hollow portion 3b. The hollow portion 3b of the tube body 3a is discharged and filled with water, and the buffer structure 3 is completely submerged under the water surface.
Moreover, when the shelter for evacuation 1A at the time of flooding is provided with the floating structure 5, the floating structure 5 interposed in the connection part of the floating body 2 and the buffer structure 3 is also completely submerged. At this time, the buoyancy by the floating structure 5 is maximized.

Here, referring to FIGS. 7 to 9, a mechanism for mitigating an external impact by the buffer structure 3 will be described in detail.
FIGS. 7A to 7C are conceptual diagrams showing processes in which the buffer structure of the shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention alleviates the impact from the outside. Moreover, FIG. 8 is a graph which shows the time-dependent change of the stress which acts on the buffer structure of the shelter for evacuation shelter according to the embodiment of the present invention. Further, FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between stress and strain acting on the buffer structure of the shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those described in FIGS. 1 to 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description of the configuration is omitted.
More specifically FIG. 7 (a) is a conceptual diagram showing the moment when the impact force P ₁ from the outside to the buffer structure 3 flood evacuation shelters 1A is applied. FIG. 7B is a conceptual diagram showing a state when time m has elapsed after the impact force P ₁ is applied to the buffer structure 3. Further, FIG. 7C is a conceptual diagram showing a state at the time point when the time n has elapsed after the impact force P ₁ is applied to the buffer structure 3.
As shown in FIG. 6, when an impact force P ₁ from the outside to the buffer structure 3 flood evacuation shelters 1A according to this embodiment is applied for the collision energy by the impact force P ₁ is the buffer structure 3 while is received by the water contained in the tubular body 3a and the hollow portion 3b that constitutes, when the drag of the tube body 3a and the water is smaller than the impact force P ₁ is shown in FIGS. 7 (a), 9 deformation of the displacement δ is generated in the portion where the impact force P ₁ is applied to.
Then, as shown in FIG. 7 (a) and FIG. 9, portions of the buffer structure 3 applied impact force P ₁ that is deformed displacement [delta], although stress sigma _s is generated in this portion, the tube body 3a Since the hole 4 to be formed is a fine hole, water in the hollow portion 3b of the tube body 3a is not instantaneously discharged from the hole 4 to the outside when the displacement δ is deformed in the tube body 3a. .
For this reason, the stress σ _s generated with the deformation of the displacement δ of the tube body 3a is converted into water pressure in the hollow portion 3b, and the water pressure in the tube body 3a increases by σ. (See Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 8)

Thus, the impact energy of the impact force P ₁ which joined the tube body 3a, after causing the deformation of the displacement δ in shock is applied portion, are energy conversion in the form of increasing the water pressure in the tube body 3a Absorbed.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 8, while the pressure of the water contained within the hollow portion 3b of the tube body 3a reaches a peak value, as shown in FIG. 9, joined by an impact force P ₁ of the tube body 3a The stress σ _{s at} the spot does not reach the peak value. This is because the pressure increase in the hollow part 3b of the tube body 3a occurs, because the deformation at a point impact force P ₁ of the tube body 3a is applied is suppressed.
After the impact is applied force P ₁ of the tube body 3a, the time m has elapsed, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), the water in the hollow part 3b of the tube body 3a is gradually discharged from the hole 4 As a result, as shown in FIG. 8, the water pressure in the hollow portion 3b of the tube body 3a decreases from σ to σ _m . That is, some of the water collision energy converted into pressure increase in the hollow portion 3b by the impact force P ₁ is applied to the tube body 3a is discharged to the outside of the buffer structure 3 due to a phenomenon that waste water from the hole 4 It is done.
Further, since the waste water from the holes 4 occurs because the drag at a point impact force P ₁ of the tube body 3a is applied is reduced, deformation goes further displacement of the tube body 3a of that portion becomes [delta] _m. That is, as shown in FIG. 7 (b) and FIG. 9, the stress sigma _m at which the impact force P ₁ is applied to the tube body 3a is increased to sigma _sm after a time m.

After the impact force P ₁ is applied to the tube body 3a Time n (however, n> m) is the finished drainage from the hole 4 of the tube body 3a elapses, the water pressure in the hollow part 3b of the tube body 3a Becomes 0. That is, the release of have you in the hollow portion 3b and to the outside of the collision energy is converted into pressure increase by the impact force P ₁ is applied is completed. By the pressure in the hollow part 3b of the thus tube member 3a is reduced to zero, the impact force drag even zero locations where P ₁ is applied to the tube body 3a, deformation of that portion displaced from the displacement [delta] _m The process proceeds to δ _n (where δ _n > δ _m ), and finally the stress of the tube body 3a changes from σ _sm to 0, and the permanent strain ε ₁ remains at the location where the impact force P ₁ is applied.

That is, collision energy acting on the tube body 3a is configured by slowly draining water from the hollow portion 3b to the outside while filling the hollow portion 3b of the tube body 3a constituting the buffer structure 3 with water. A part of the water can be converted into a water pressure rise and released to the outside. Thereby, the energy converted into the water pressure rise in the tube body 3a does not contribute to the formation of permanent strain (for example, permanent strain ε ₁ ), and therefore the tube body 3a when the impact force P ₁ is applied to the buffer structure 3. The deformation of can be reduced.
As a result, when the impact force P ₁ is repeatedly applied to the buffer structure 3, the breakage time of the buffer structure 3 is delayed compared to the case where the buffer structure 3 in which the hollow portion 3 b is not filled with water is used. As a result, the safety of the floating body 2 can be increased.
That is, the resistance against the external impact force expected when the buffer structure 3 is constituted by a solid body by filling the inside of the buffer structure 3 with water and slowly draining the water to the outside. And the effect of absorbing the impact force from the outside that is expected when the buffer structure 3 is formed of a hollow material by deformation of itself, so as to slowly destroy the buffer structure 3 due to deformation You can make it progress.

As described above, in the shelter for evacuation according to the present embodiment, when an impact force (for example, impact force P ₁ ) is applied from the outside to the buffer structure 3, a series of the above-described cases is performed each time. The collision energy is absorbed through the process.
That is, as shown in FIG. 9, when an impact force (for example, impact force P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , P ₄ ) is applied to the buffer structure 3 a plurality of times, a permanent strain (for example, , Permanent strains ε ₁ , ε ₂ , ε ₃ ) are generated, and the buffer structure 3 is eventually damaged. In FIG. 9, the case where the shock absorbing structure 3 is broken when the shock force is applied four times to the shock absorbing structure 3 is described as an example. Since it depends on the magnitude and frequency of the force, it cannot be explained in general.
However, according to the shelter 1A for flooding according to the present embodiment, by providing the buffer structure 3 as shown in FIG. 5, the impact force acting from the outside is efficiently relieved and the breakage of the floating body 2 is delayed. Can be made.

In addition, when the flood shelter 1 </ b> A according to the present embodiment includes the floating structure 5, the impact force that cannot be absorbed by the buffer structure 3 is absorbed by the deformation of the floating structure 5. That is, by providing the floating structure 5 in addition to the buffer structure 3, the risk of the floating body 2 being damaged can be further reduced.
Note that the floating structure 5 in the shelter for evacuating shelter 1A according to the present embodiment may be the same as the buffer structure 3. That is, a plurality of holes 4 may be formed in the floating structure 5 so that the hollow portion 5a is filled with water when the floating structure 5 is submerged below the water surface. In this case, the buffer structure 3 is a first buffer structure, and the floating structure 5 is a second buffer structure.
Thus, in addition to the buffer structure (first buffer structure), when the second buffer structure is provided, a higher buffer effect can be expected as compared with the case where the buffer structure 3 and the floating structure 5 are provided. However, since the second buffer structure does not contribute to the improvement of the buoyancy of the floating body 2, it is necessary that the floating body 2 can generate sufficient buoyancy.

Here, the size of the shelter 1A for evacuation in case of flood according to the present embodiment will be described.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, when evacuating with the shelter 1 </ b> A for flooding according to the present embodiment, the refugee 6 gets into the floating body 2 from the hatch 2 a formed on the floating body 2, for example. Then, while sitting on the seat 8, the body is fixed by the safety belt 7 provided on the seat 8 as needed, and it is waited for rescue.
For this reason, it is sufficient that the height H of the floating body 2 is at least as large as a wagon type large passenger car. Such a floating body 2 can be manufactured using, for example, a cylindrical steel pile (maximum diameter 2.6 m) used for foundations such as buildings, abutments, and piers. Thus, by manufacturing the floating body 2 using a standard product with clear performance, it is possible to easily calculate the strength when designing the shelter for evacuating shelter 1A according to the present embodiment, and also to manufacture the floating body 2 It becomes easy and sufficient safety can be secured.
Furthermore, the cylindrical structure used for the foundations of buildings, abutments, piers, etc. also in the hollow annular body constituting the buffer structure 3, the floating structure 5 or the second buffer structure of the shelter for evacuation shelter 1A according to the present embodiment It is desirable to use standard products with clear performance in steel piles. In this case as well, there is an advantage that the reliable shelter 1A for evacuation in case of flood can be mass-produced.
Although not particularly shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a configuration in which a heat insulating material or the like is attached to the inner wall surface of the floating body 2 so that the internal space temperature of the floating body 2 can be appropriately maintained. Furthermore, equipment that can be used at the time of evacuation, such as light, water, food, cold protection equipment, emergency supplies, and a simple toilet, may be stored in the seat 8 provided inside the floating body 2.

Finally, a modification of the shelter for evacuating shelter 1A according to the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a modification of the shelter for evacuation in case of flood according to the embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those described in FIGS. 1 to 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description of the configuration is omitted.
When it is necessary to manufacture a shelter for flooding that can accommodate a large number of evacuees 6, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of cylindrical floating bodies 2 are arranged with their central axes parallel and horizontally. Alternatively, the buffer structure 3 and a floating structure 5 or a second floating structure (not shown) may be provided around the buffer structure 3 and the surrounding structure.
In such a shelter for water evacuation 1B according to the modification of the present embodiment, the internal spaces of a plurality of cylindrical bodies constituting the floating body 2 may be integrally connected, or the floating body 2 is configured. You may make each internal space of a some cylindrical body independent. Or you may provide a door etc. and enable the movement to another internal space as needed, making the internal space of the some cylindrical body which comprises the floating body 2 each independent.
According to the shelter 1B for evacuation according to such a modification of the present embodiment, a large number of evacuees 6 can be accommodated and evacuated at the same time.

  As described above, the present invention relates to a shelter for evacuation in the event of a flood that can effectively mitigate an external impact by a buffer structure, thereby improving the safety of the floating body. Is available.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1A, 1B ... Shelter for evacuation at the time of flood 2 ... Floating body 2a ... Hatch 2b ... Window 3 ... Buffer structure 3a ... Tube body 3b ... Hollow part 4 ... Hole 5 ... Floating structure 5a ... Hollow part 6 ... Evacuee 7 ... Safety belt 8 ... Sheet 9 ... Weights 10a, 10b ... Floating body

Claims (6)

A watertight hollow capsule-like floating body made of a rigid body, a buffer structure made of a hollow annular tube body provided around the floating body, and a weight disposed on the bottom of the floating body,
The floating body includes a hatch that allows people to enter and exit into the hollow portion,
The tube body is made of a rigid body and has a plurality of holes in its body portion, and is completely submerged when the floating body floats on water, and the hollow portion of the tube body is also filled with water. Shelter for evacuation. The vertical cross-sectional shape with respect to the annular direction of the tube body is circular,
The shelter for evacuation in case of flooding according to claim 1, wherein at least a part of the hole is formed in the uppermost vertical direction of the tube body.   The shelter for evacuation in case of flooding according to claim 2, wherein the hole is also drilled in the lowest vertical direction of the tube body.   The shelter for evacuation in case of flood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a floating structure is interposed at a connecting portion between the floating body and the buffer structure. The floating body is formed by connecting a cylindrical body or a plurality of cylindrical bodies integrally while arranging respective axes in parallel.
The shelter for evacuation in case of flood according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the shaft of the cylindrical body is arranged horizontally.   The center of gravity of the shelter for evacuation at the time of flooding when floating in water without accommodating an evacuee is below the water surface, for evacuation at the time of flooding according to any one of claims 1 to 5 shelter.

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