WO2020067354A1

WO2020067354A1 - Evacuation structure

Info

Publication number: WO2020067354A1
Application number: PCT/JP2019/037990
Authority: WO
Inventors: 昌秀渡部; 公晴吉田
Original assignee: アルメックスＰｅ株式会社
Priority date: 2018-09-28
Filing date: 2019-09-26
Publication date: 2020-04-02
Also published as: AU2021273634B2; SG11202102452XA; TWI809207B; AU2021273635A1; JPWO2020067354A1; AU2019347399A1; AU2021273635B2; TW202020280A; JP6692008B1; AU2019347399B2; AU2021273634A1; PH12021550600A1

Abstract

This evacuation structure (1) has: a box-type structure body (6) that is not completely watertight, and is provided with at least one hatch door (4); a float (10) provided to the box-type structure body (6); and at least one drainage pipe (50) that has one end (50A) opening in the interior of the box-type structure body (6) and another end (50B) opening in an outer wall (3C-3D) above the load waterline (LWL). The one or more drainage pipes (50) have a check valve (60) comprising a valve that stops the inflow of water into the interior of the box-type structure body (6), and opens when water pressure of the exhaust water from the interior of the box-type structure body (6) is applied.

Description

Evacuation structures

(4) The present invention relates to an evacuation structure or the like that can float and secure an evacuation space during floods including tsunamis and floods.

シェル Shelters that float during floods have been proposed. Patent Document 1 discloses a floatable shelter formed of styrene foam. The floor of the shelter is provided with an outlet that penetrates the floor and penetrates the bottom of the shelter, and it is described that seawater that has entered the room can be discharged to the outside via the outlet.

Patent Document 2 discloses that a weight is provided on a protruding body projecting below a spherical shelter in a state of free drift. By forming the protruding body and the weight with a material having a higher specific gravity than the sphere, it is possible to prevent the spherical shelter from rolling over.

Japanese Patent No. 6170262 JP 2014-69778 A

シェル In the shelter of Patent Document 1, when the shelter is floating on the sea, the outlet of the outlet opening at the bottom of the shelter is located in seawater. Therefore, although the seawater may flow into the shelter from the outlet located in the seawater, the seawater flowing into the shelter is not discharged. In addition, in the styrofoam shelter disclosed in Patent Document 1, the weight for sinking the shelter into seawater is the total weight of the evacuees, plastic bottles, and the like in the shelter room, and is not a weight as a structure, and thus is unstable. The shelter is likely to roll over due to the movement of the center of gravity. Also, unless the thickness of the floor through which the discharge port is formed is made thicker, the draft, which is the distance from the lowermost surface of the shelter to the water surface, that is, the shelter cannot roll over to the depth of seawater, so the shelter rolls over. Easy to do.

シェル The shelter of Patent Document 2 may have good stability, but is difficult to manufacture due to its complicated structure including spheres and protrusions. Also, if the sphere forming the shelter chamber is flooded through the open hatch lid, it is extremely difficult to drain the sphere.

態様 Some aspects of the present invention are directed to providing an easily manufactured evacuation structure that can be easily drained even if it is immersed in an evacuation chamber in an incompletely watertight box-shaped structure.

(1) One embodiment of the present invention provides:
An imperfectly watertight box-shaped structure with at least one hatch door;
A float provided in the box-shaped structure,
At least one drain pipe having one end open to the inside of the box-shaped structure and the other end opened to the outer wall of the box-shaped structure at a position above a full load line of the box-shaped structure;
A check valve provided on the at least one drain pipe to prevent water from flowing into the box-shaped structure, and to be opened when water pressure of drainage from the box-shaped structure is applied; A valve,
The present invention relates to an evacuation structure having:

According to one embodiment (1) of the present invention, at the time of flood damage, a part of the float is submerged and buoyancy acts, so that a load line at the time when the maximum load capacity is mounted on the evacuation structure (load 構造 water line: The draft line (the position of the water surface outside the box-shaped structure) is set at a position below (LWL), and the evacuation structure can float. In particular, since the other end of the drainage pipe is opened at a position above the full load line, water pressure from outside the box-shaped structure that inhibits drainage does not act on the drainage pipe. The drainpipe has a check valve with a valve that opens when water pressure of drainage from inside the box-shaped structure acts. Therefore, a smooth draining action is ensured by the drain pipe whose one end opening inside the box-shaped structure is submerged and the other end is located above the water surface outside the box-shaped structure. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the evacuation room in the box-shaped structure from being flooded. Moreover, since the drain pipe is provided with the check valve, it is possible to prevent water from flowing into the box-shaped structure through the drain pipe.

(2) In one aspect of the present invention, the float has a volume that does not completely submerge the box-shaped structure even if the box-shaped structure is filled with water. At this time, a maximum load waterline (MLWL), which is a waterline, is calculated so as to be set at a position lower than the top surface of the box-shaped structure, as described later. In this case, the box-shaped structure does not sink, and the evacuee stays in the box-shaped structure or escapes from the evacuation structure through at least one hatch door and waits. , Can be rescued.

(3) In the aspect (1) or (2) of the present invention,
It further has a floor panel which is arranged inside the box-shaped structure and has a floor surface at a position above the full load water line,
The at least one drainpipe may open at one end at a height equal to or lower than the floor surface of the floor panel.

According to one embodiment (3) of the present invention, even when water flows into the box-shaped structure, the water can be drained through a drain pipe that opens at a height equal to or lower than the floor. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the floor from being immersed in water.

(4) In the aspect (3) of the present invention,
Further having a drainage storage room disposed inside the box-shaped structure at a position below the floor panel,
The floor panel includes a through hole penetrating vertically,
The one end of the at least one drain pipe may open to the drain storage chamber.

According to one embodiment (4) of the present invention, even if water flows into the box-shaped structure, the water is quickly drained from the through hole penetrating the floor panel to the drainage storage chamber below the floor panel. Therefore, even if the amount of flooding is relatively large, it is possible to prevent the evacuation room above the floorboard from being flooded. The water collected in the drainage storage room is drained to the outside of the box-shaped structure via a drainage pipe.

(5) In one aspect (1) to (4) of the present invention,
The other end of the at least one drain pipe has N drain outlets that open to the outer wall at N (N is an integer of 2 or more) different height positions whose height in the vertical direction is sequentially increased. Can have. Even if water flows into the imperfectly watertight box-shaped structure and the weight increases by the amount of the flowed water and the waterline tries to shift above the full waterline LWL, the water flowing from one end of the drainpipe. Can be continuously drained from the drain outlets of any of the drain pipes that open above the waterline among all N drain outlets. In this way, by continuously discharging the water that has flowed into the evacuation structure through the plurality of drain outlets having different heights, the water line can be prevented from exceeding the full load water line LWL.

(6) In one embodiment (4) of the present invention,
The at least one drain pipe may include N drain pipes including the N drain outlets and the N drain inlets that are separately communicated with the N drain outlets. That is, one drainage inlet may communicate with N drainage outlets, or each of the N drainage inlets may be separated and communicated with N drainage outlets.

(7) In one aspect (5) or (6) of the present invention,
The maximum load waterline at the time of the maximum load when the space inside the box-shaped structure at the time of full loading is filled with water may be a position lower than at least one of the N drainage outlets. In this way, before the space inside the box-shaped structure at full load is filled with the flood, in other words, before reaching the maximum load water line MLWL, N drains of different heights higher than the water line are provided. The flooded water can continue to be drained from at least one of the outlets, preferably N drain outlets. Therefore, in a normal use form, the space inside the box-shaped structure is not filled with the flood, and a situation such as reaching the maximum load draft line MLWL cannot occur.

(8) In one aspect (1) to (7) of the present invention, a weight for applying a restoring force to the box-shaped structure may be arranged below the full load line. The weight functions as a balancer for preventing the evacuation structure from rolling over.

(9) In one aspect (8) of the present invention, the outline of the cross section of the box-shaped structure is such that each horizontal width between the bottom and the top is larger than the horizontal width at a position between the bottom and the top. Is also preferably formed in a narrow polygon. In this case, even if the evacuation structure tries to roll over, it can be easily restored by the weight.

(10) In one aspect (1) to (9) of the present invention, the box-shaped structure has a skeleton structure and a ceiling wall attached to an upper surface of the skeleton structure. A handrail may be provided so as to surround a top surface area that can escape from the at least one hatch door provided on the box-shaped structure. In this way, the evacuee who has escaped to the outside of the ceiling wall via the hatch door can safely wait for rescue while being held by the handrail provided on the ceiling wall. Also, even if the ceiling wall is detached from the assembled structure, the evacuation person can continue to be mounted while the ceiling wall is floating like a raft.

(11) In one aspect (1) to (10) of the present invention, the box-shaped structure may be configured such that the box-shaped structure has two outer walls facing each other in a cross-sectional view orthogonal to a longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure. A plurality of stabilizer boards that can protrude above the water surface outside the mold structure can be accommodated. By projecting a plurality of stabilizer boards from the two outer wall sides of the box-shaped structure above the water surface outside the box-shaped structure, the box-shaped structure is prevented from rolling over and the posture is stabilized.

(12) In one aspect (11) of the present invention, each of the plurality of stabilizer boards may be folded and housed in the box-shaped structure. In this case, a space for accommodating the stabilizer panel can be secured without increasing the width of the evacuation structure.

(13) In one aspect (11) of the present invention, each of the plurality of stabilizer boards may be rotatably supported outside the box-shaped structure, and may be accommodated in an upright state. In this case, the inside of the evacuation structure is not occupied as a storage space for the plurality of stabilizer boards. In addition, if a plurality of stabilizer boards are accommodated with a gap between either one of the two outer walls, even if a drain pipe is provided on the outer wall, the other end of the drain pipe will be blocked. There is no.

(14) In one aspect (13) of the present invention, at least one of the plurality of stabilizer boards is locked in an upright state, and at least one of the plurality of stabilizer boards is engaged by the locking portion. A release operation unit that releases the stopped state by being operated inside the box-shaped structure may be further provided. In this way, the evacuees who have evacuated into the box-shaped structure at the time of evacuation operate the release operation unit inside the box-shaped structure after confirming the floating of the box-shaped structure, and connect the plurality of stabilizer boards to the box-shaped structure. It can protrude above the water surface outside the body.

(15) In one aspect (1) to (14) of the present invention, the box-shaped structure may include a mounting portion for attaching a propulsion tool for applying a propulsive force to the box-shaped structure. Examples of the propulsion tool include an electric screw and a manual oar. By attaching the propulsion device, a self-propelled evacuation structure capable of self-propelling on the water surface can be realized.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is sectional drawing of the evacuation structure which is 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the evacuation structure in a floating state. It is a figure which shows the check valve provided in a drain pipe. It is a figure which shows the evacuation structure which can float even if it is flooded in the evacuation room. It is sectional drawing of the evacuation structure which is 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the evacuation structure which is 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the evacuation structure shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the evacuation structure which is 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which uses the handrail of the evacuation structure shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the evacuation structure shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the evacuation structure which is 5th Embodiment of this invention. It is a cross-sectional view of the evacuation structure shown in FIG. 13 (A) to 13 (D) are views showing a process of pulling out the stabilizer panel of the evacuation structure shown in FIG. 11 to a use position. It is a figure which shows the evacuation structure which is 6th Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the state which folded the handrail of the ceiling wall of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the box-shaped structure shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional view of the box-shaped structure shown in FIG. FIG. 15 is a perspective view, partially cut away, showing the inside of the box-shaped structure shown in FIG. 14. It is sectional drawing of a drain pipe. It is a figure showing arrangement of a drain pipe. It is a figure which shows the self-propelled evacuation structure which attached the screw to the box-shaped structure. It is a figure which shows the self-propelled evacuation structure using the oar which protrudes from a hatch door. It is a figure which shows the floating state of the ceiling wall, or the self-propelled state by all. It is a figure which shows the use condition of a stabilizer board. It is a side view which shows the state which accommodated the stabilizer board in the upright state. It is a figure which shows the release operation part of a stabilizer board. It is a side view which shows the use condition of a stabilizer board.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. Note that the present embodiment described below does not unduly limit the contents of the present invention described in the claims, and that all of the configurations described in the present embodiment are indispensable as means for solving the present invention. Not necessarily.

1. First Embodiment FIG. 1 shows an evacuation structure 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the evacuation structure 1 includes a box-shaped structure 6. The box-shaped structure 6 includes, for example, the frame structure 2 and the outer wall 3. The frame structure 2 is formed by a beam 2A such as a steel pipe or a column (not shown). An outer wall 3 such as a steel plate is supported on, for example, six surfaces of the skeleton structure 2. A hatch door 4 is provided on at least one surface, for example, four surfaces of the six outer walls 3, as shown in FIGS. The hatch door 4 has a hatch frame 5 assembled to a hole formed in the outer wall 3 and is supported on the hatch frame 5 by a hinge or the like so as to be openable and closable. The hatch door 4 is preferably sealed watertight to the hatch frame 5. At the lower part of the box-shaped structure 6, a base 2B made of steel or the like can be provided for connection with a foundation structure installed on the ground. The base 2B may be connected to a structure below the floor, and the evacuation structure 1 may be installed above the floor. The base 2B can be easily connected to the foundation or downstairs, preferably released by an operation in the box-shaped structure 6, and can float in the event of flood.

A float 10 is provided, for example, inside the box-shaped structure 6. The float 10 is formed of a material having a density lower than that of water (specific gravity is less than 1), and for example, polystyrene having a density of 45 kg / m ³ is used. In FIG. 1, a float 10A is arranged on a bottom wall 3A of the six outer walls 3. When most of the float 10A is submerged, buoyancy in which the evacuation structure 1 floats is secured as shown in FIG.

FIG. 1 shows a load line LWL (load water line). The position of the full load line LWL is obtained as follows. First, the total weight of the evacuation structure 1 when fully loaded is determined. The total weight is the sum of the total weight of the evacuation structure 1 itself and the total weight of the evacuation structure 1 when it is fully loaded. The total weight of the evacuation structure 1 when it is fully loaded includes the estimated total weight of the maximum capacity (for example, the number of personnel x 65 kg) and the total weight of the loaded items (such as plastic bottles for drinks and rescue equipment). included. When the depth at which the evacuation structure 1 is submerged is H, the position of the full load waterline LWL is (the volume at which the evacuation structure 1 submerged at the depth H excludes water) × (specific gravity of water) = (The total weight of the evacuation structure 1 at full load) is obtained as the depth H. In this specification, “water” includes seawater, freshwater or brackish water in which seawater and freshwater are mixed.

In FIG. 1, the floor panel 20 is disposed inside the box-shaped structure 6 at a position above the full load line LWL of the box-shaped structure 6. The space surrounded by the floor panel 20, the ceiling wall 3B, and the two

side walls

3C and 3D is the maximum volume of the evacuation room 30. The floor panel 20 has a floor surface 21 at a position higher than the full load line LWL. The floor panel 20 includes one or more, for example, a plurality of drain ports 20A penetrating vertically. A drainage storage chamber 40 is provided between the lower surface of the floor panel 20 and the upper surface of the float 10 A located below the floor panel 20. In the present embodiment, a waterproof plate 41 is provided on the upper surface of the float 10A as a bottom plate of the drainage storage chamber 40. Thereby, the water in the drainage storage room 40 does not leak to the float 10A side. The drainage storage chamber 40 is disposed inside the box-shaped structure 6 above the full load line LWL of the box-shaped structure 6. If the evacuation room 30 is flooded, the water is distributed to the drainage storage room 40 through the drainage opening 20A opened in the floor surface 21 of the floor panel 20. Therefore, even if the amount of flooding into the evacuation room 30 is relatively large, it is possible to prevent the evacuation room 30 above the floor panel 20 from being flooded. The drainage storage chamber 40 is not limited to being provided in the entire area below the floor panel 20 as shown in FIG. 1, and may be provided in a part (for example, a peripheral area) below the floor panel 20.

排水 A drain pipe 50 is provided for distributing the water collected in the drain storage chamber 40 to the outside of the box-shaped structure 6. The drain pipe 50 has an inlet 50A at one end opening to the inside of the box-shaped structure 6, for example, the drainage storage chamber 40, and an outlet 50B at the other end opening outside the

side walls

3C and 3D above the full load water line LWL. Thus, the water collected in the drainage storage chamber 40 is drained to the outside of the box-shaped structure via the drainage pipe 50. In particular, since the outlet 50B of the drain pipe 50 is opened above the full load line LWL, the drain pipe is not subjected to the water pressure acting as the external pressure that inhibits drainage. Therefore, a smooth draining action in the drain pipe 50 is ensured. In the drain pipe 50, the outlet 50B is set at a position lower than the inlet 50A, and it is particularly preferable that a water gradient is set from the inlet 50A to the outlet 50B. In this way, water is prevented from being stored in the evacuation room 30 above the floor panel 20. Instead of providing the drainage storage chamber 40, one end of the drainage pipe 50 may be arranged so as to open at a position equal to or lower than the height of the floor surface 21 of the floor panel 20.

In the present embodiment, the drain pipe 50 can be provided with a check valve 60 for preventing inflow of water from outside the box-shaped structure 6. In this way, water is prevented from flowing into the box-shaped structure 6 through the drain pipe 50. In particular, as shown in FIG. 3, the check valve 60 can include a valve 61 that opens when the water pressure of the drainage from the drainage storage chamber 40 acts. The valve 61 is rotatably suspended and supported by, for example, a hinge 62. Thereby, when the water pressure of the drainage from the drainage storage chamber 40 does not act, the valve 61 is drooped by its own weight and closes the outlet 50 B of the drainage pipe 50. Therefore, the backflow from the outlet 50B of the drain pipe 50 toward the inlet 50A is always prevented by the valve 61. When a predetermined water pressure acts on the valve 61 due to the drainage from the drainage storage chamber 40, the valve 61 is rotated and opened in the direction of the arrow in FIG. In FIG. 3, a cover 63 that surrounds and protects the valve 61 and the hinge 62 is provided. The check valve 60 may adopt another structure, and the cover 63 may not be provided. When the box-shaped structure 6 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped as shown in FIG. 2, the drain pipe 50 and the check valve 60 are respectively provided on two

side walls

3C and 3D parallel to the longitudinal axis of the substantially rectangular parallelepiped. Alternatively, in addition to providing a plurality, two

end walls

3E and 3F orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the substantially rectangular parallelepiped can be provided.

In the present embodiment, a weight 70 that applies a restoring force to the box-shaped structure 6 tilted by wind or waves can be arranged on the bottom wall 3A located below the full load line LWL. The weight 70 functions as a balancer for preventing the evacuation structure 1 from rolling over. Therefore, the weight 70 is located at the center of the cross section of the evacuation structure 1 shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, when the box-shaped structure 6 is a substantially rectangular parallelepiped, the weight 70 is preferably arranged along the longitudinal axis of the substantially rectangular parallelepiped.

In the present embodiment, it is preferable that the float 10 has a volume that does not completely submerge the box-shaped structure 6 even when the float 10 is flooded in the box-shaped structure 6. When the evacuation room 30 shown in FIG. 1 is flooded, the total weight of the evacuation structure 1 increases, and the waterline rises to a position exceeding the full load waterline LWL. Even in that case, in order to prevent the evacuation structure 1 from being completely submerged, the float 10B can be additionally provided in the evacuation room 30 of the box-shaped structure 6. Even if the evacuation structure 1 is flooded, the evacuation structure 1 does not completely submerge, so that the evacuation room 30 is not required to be completely watertight. In the present embodiment, the float 10B is additionally provided inside the ceiling wall 3B, but it is preferable that the float 10B is additionally provided inside the floor 20, the two

side walls

3C, 3D. Since the buoyancy increases in proportion to the volume of the additional float 10B that excludes water, the evacuation structure 1 can be prevented from being completely submerged. For this reason, in the present embodiment, a weight V × ρ × G (G is a gravitational acceleration) obtained by multiplying a volume V that excludes water by submerging all the floats 10A, 10A1, 10B, and 10B1 by a density ρ of water Is larger than the total weight of the evacuation structure 1. In particular, the volume of the float 10 that does not completely submerge the box-shaped structure 6 so that even if the float 10 is submerged in the box-shaped structure 6, the outlet 50B of the drain pipe 50 is located above the water surface outside the box-shaped structure. Is secured. The total weight of the evacuation structure 1 may or may not include the weight of the maximum number of persons and the weight of the equipment. Actually, since the members other than the float also exclude water, a buoyancy larger than V × ρ × G is obtained, and there may be a case where the weight other than the weight of the evacuation structure 1 itself can be ignored.

Here, the box-shaped structure 6 may be incompletely watertight, which is not completely watertightly sealed, and does not need to allow a large amount of water to enter at a stretch over at least several hours to be evacuated. The imperfectly watertight box-shaped structure 6 can naturally include an air hole on the structural principle, or an air hole may be arranged on the upper side of the box-shaped structure 6. Thus, even if the hatch door 4 is closed, the evacuees will not suffocate.

4 shows a floating state of the evacuation structure 1 in a state of being submerged in the box-shaped structure 6. In this case, at least the top surface of the ceiling wall 3B is secured at a position above the waterline. Therefore, in the state as shown in FIG. 4, the evacuees need only escape from the top surface of the ceiling wall 3B via the hatch door 4 of the ceiling wall 3B. At this time, if the float 10B1 at the position facing the hatch door 4 of the ceiling wall 3B is removable or the float 10B1 is not provided at that position, it does not hinder escape.

As described above, when the additional float 10 B is provided in the evacuation room 30, the evacuation structure 1 is not completely submerged in any posture, and the evacuation structure 1 is provided through at least one hatch door 4. If you escape outside and wait, you can save lives. Further, when the additional floats 10B are arranged on six surfaces surrounding the evacuation room 30, the floats 10B formed of a foam or the like can be used as a cushion material for protecting the evacuated person when shaking or rolling over.

As described above, the hatch door 4 can be provided on the bottom wall 3A, the ceiling wall 3B, and the two

side walls

3C and 3D which are four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the substantially rectangular parallelepiped among the six outer walls 3. If the box-shaped structure 6 rolls over, it is stabilized in a posture in which one of the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 6 faces upward. Therefore, if the hatch door 4 is provided on the bottom wall 3A, the ceiling wall 3B, and the two

side walls

3C and 3D, which are four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 6, the box-shaped structure 6 can be turned over. Escape from the vehicle becomes easier. In FIG. 1, if the float 10A1 at the position facing the hatch door 4 on the bottom wall 3A, a part of the floor panel 20 and the waterproof plate 41 can be removed, or the float 10A1 is not provided at that position. , Does not hinder escape.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the hatch door 4 provided on one of the two

side walls

3C, 3D is one of the two

end walls

3E, 3F located at both ends in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the substantially rectangular parallelepiped. It can be arranged at a position biased to 3E. Similarly, the hatch door 4 provided on the other side 3D of the two

side walls

3C and 3D can be arranged at a position biased on the other side 3F of the two

end walls

3E and 3F. In this way, even if the evacuation structure 1 is vertically inverted so that one of the two

end walls

3E and 3F becomes the top surface, the hatch door 4 provided on one of the two

side walls

3C and 3D. Can easily be arranged above the water surface, and escape from the evacuation structure 1 becomes possible.

In the present embodiment, when at least one hatch door 4 is provided on the ceiling wall 3B as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 4, the ceiling wall 3B may have a handrail 80 that can be raised and raised by a hinge 81, for example. it can. In this way, the evacuee who has escaped to the outside of the ceiling wall 3B via the hatch door 4 raises the handrail 80 provided on the ceiling wall 3B, and is in a state of being caught by the handrail 80 and safely waiting for rescue. be able to. In FIG. 4, adjacent handrails 80 are connected by four connecting tools 82 in order to maintain the handrails 80 in an upright state.

Although the present embodiment has been described in detail as described above, those skilled in the art can easily understand that many modifications that do not substantially depart from the novel matter and effects of the present invention are possible. Therefore, such modifications are all included in the scope of the present invention. For example, in the specification or the drawings, a term described at least once together with a broader or synonymous different term can be replaced with the different term in any part of the specification or the drawing. In addition, all combinations of the present embodiment and the modifications are also included in the scope of the present invention.

2. Second Embodiment FIG. 5 shows an evacuation structure 1A according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the first embodiment, when the waterline rises above the full load waterline LWL due to flooding in the evacuation room 30, the valve 61 of the check valve 60 is closed by external water pressure. Then, drainage via the drain pipe 50 becomes impossible. The evacuation structure 1A shown in FIG. 5 has an additional drain pipe 90 for draining the evacuation chamber 30 when the evacuation chamber 30 is flooded and the waterline rises.

In FIG. 5, an additional drain pipe 90 is provided on at least one of the outer walls 3C to 3F intersecting with the floor panel 20, for example, the outer wall 3C. One end 90 A of the drainage pipe 90 that opens at the lower part of the evacuation room 30 serves as a drainage inlet. In the drain pipe 90, a plurality of branch ends (also referred to as drain outlets) 90B1 to 90Bm (m is an integer of 2 or more) which open to the outside of the outer wall 3C are drain outlets.

Each of the plurality of branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm has the same structure as the outlet 50B of the drain pipe 50. That is, each of the plurality of branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm has the check valve 60 (the valve 61 and the hinge 62) and the cover 63. Therefore, at the plurality of branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm, when the water pressure in the evacuation chamber 30 acts via the inlet 90A of the drain pipe 90, the valve 61 shown in FIG.

The reason for providing the plurality of branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm is that at least one of the plurality of branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm is disposed above the waterline even if the waterline is going to rise above the full load waterline LWL due to flooding in the evacuation room 30. Therefore, the flooded water can be drained by the water pressure in the evacuation room 30. This can prevent the draft line from rising above the full load draft line LWL.

3. Third Embodiment FIGS. 6 and 7 show an evacuation structure 100 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The cross section of the evacuation structure 100 is a polygon having a larger number of corners than a quadrangle as in the first and second embodiments, for example, a substantially hexagon. In particular, as shown in FIG. 6, the evacuation structure 100 in the floating state has a horizontal width W1 of the bottom (bottom wall) 103A and a horizontal width W2 of the top (ceiling wall) 103B, and the bottom 103A and the top 103B. (W1 <W3, W2 <W3). In particular, when W1 <W3, even if the evacuation structure 100 tries to roll over, it is easier to restore to the upright state than the evacuation structures 1, 1A of the first and second embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 7, the evacuation structure 100 includes a box-shaped structure 106 formed by, for example, a frame structure 102, wall materials (a bottom wall 103A, a ceiling wall 103B,

side walls

103C and 103D) and a float 110. The outline of the cross section of the box-shaped structure 106 is substantially hexagonal. The exposed surface of the float 110 exposed to the outside may be covered with an iron plate or the like. The hatch door 104 is arranged at the same position as the hatch door 4 of the first embodiment. That is, the hatch door 104 can be provided on the bottom wall 103A, the ceiling wall 103B, and the two

side walls

103C and 103D which are four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 106. When the evacuation structure 100 rolls over, it is stabilized in a posture in which one of the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 106 faces upward. Therefore, if the hatch door 104 is provided on the bottom wall 103A, the ceiling wall 103B, and the two

side walls

103C and 103D which are four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 106, the escape from the evacuation structure 100 at the time of rollover. Becomes easier.

床 The floor panel 120 is disposed inside the box-shaped structure 106, and the weight 170 is disposed below the floor panel 120 and at a position avoiding the hatch door 104. A handrail 180 is provided on the top 103B of the box-shaped structure 106, and can be folded like the handrail 80 of the first embodiment.

The box-shaped structure 106 can have the drain pipe 90 shown in FIG. 5, or can have a plurality of drain pipes 150 as shown in FIG. Each of the plurality of drainage pipes 150 has one end 150A opened to the evacuation chamber 130 and the other end 150B opened to the

side walls

103C and 103D of the box-shaped structure 106. In FIG. 6, the openings of the other ends 150B of the plurality of drain pipes 150 are omitted. Further, each of the plurality of drain pipes 150 has a check valve 160 provided with a valve 161. The plurality of drain pipes 150 are respectively arranged at different height positions. Thus, the plurality of drainage pipes 150 operate similarly to the drainage pipes 90 of FIG. 5 having the branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm at different heights. Also in the structure of FIG. 7, the drainage storage chamber 40 and the drainage pipe 50 shown in FIG. 5 can be provided. Thus, water is prevented from being stored in the evacuation room 130 above the floor surface of the floor panel 120.

4. Fourth Embodiment FIGS. 8 to 10 show an evacuation structure 200 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The evacuation structure 200 has a profile of a cross section that is a polygon having a larger number of corners than a quadrangle as in the first and second embodiments, for example, a substantially octagon. In particular, in the evacuation structure 200 in a floating state, the horizontal width of the bottom (bottom wall) 203A and the horizontal width of the top (ceiling wall) 203B are larger than the horizontal width at the position between the bottom 203A and the top 203B. Is also narrow. In this case, even if the evacuation structure 200 tries to roll over, the evacuation structure 200 is more easily restored to the upright state than the evacuation structures 1, 1A of the first and second embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 10, the evacuation structure 200 has a box-shaped structure 206 formed by, for example, a frame structure 202, wall materials (a bottom wall 203A, a ceiling wall 203B,

side walls

203C and 203D), a float 210, and the like. , And the outline of the cross section of the box-shaped structure 206 is substantially octagonal. The hatch door 204 is arranged at the same position as the hatch door 4 of the first embodiment. That is, the hatch door 204 can be provided on the bottom wall 203A, the ceiling wall 203B, and the two

side walls

203C and 203D which are four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 206. If the evacuation structure 200 rolls over, it is stabilized in a posture in which one of the four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 206 faces upward. Therefore, if the hatch door 204 is provided on the bottom wall 203A, the ceiling wall 203B, and the two

side walls

203C and 203D which are four surfaces parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure 206, the escape from the evacuation structure 200 at the time of rollover. Becomes easier.

床 The floor panel 220 is disposed inside the box-shaped structure 206, and the weight 270 is disposed below the floor panel 220 and at a position avoiding the hatch door 204. A handrail 280 is provided on the top 203 B of the box-shaped structure 206. The handrail 280 may be foldable similarly to the handrail 80 of the first embodiment, but may be configured to be adjustable between a non-use position shown in FIG. 8 and a use position shown in FIG.

The box-shaped structure 206 can have the drain pipes 90 shown in FIG. 5 or, instead of the drain pipes 90, as shown in FIG. 10, a plurality of drain pipes similar to the plurality of drain pipes 150 of FIG. 250. 8 and 9, the openings at the other ends of the plurality of drain pipes 250 are omitted. The plurality of drain pipes 250 operate similarly to the drain pipe 90 of FIG. 5 having the branch ends 90B1 to 90Bm at different heights. Also in the structure of FIG. 10, the drainage storage chamber 40 and the drainage pipe 50 shown in FIG. 5 can be provided. Thus, water is prevented from being stored in the evacuation room 230 above the floor panel 220.

5. Fifth Embodiment FIGS. 11 and 12 show an evacuation structure 300 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The evacuation structure 300 has the same structure as that of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, except for a structure for accommodating a stabilizer board 310 described below. However, the stabilizer board 310 may be added to any of the evacuation structures according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention.

The evacuation structure 300 can accommodate a plurality of stabilizer boards 310 that can protrude horizontally from two opposing

side walls

203C and 203D of the box-shaped structure 206 of the evacuation structure 300 in a cross-sectional view. . When the evacuation structure 300 floats, the plurality of stabilizer boards 310 are horizontally projected from the two

side walls

203C and 203D of the evacuation structure 300. In this case, the resistance generated by the contact of the stabilizer board 310 with water prevents the evacuation structure 300 from rolling over and stabilizes the posture. The stabilizer board 310 is preferably provided in a box-shaped structure having a polygonal longitudinal section and easy to roll over, as shown in each of FIGS. The stabilizer boards 310 may be arranged in a plurality of stages at different height positions.

As shown in FIG. 13A, the plurality of stabilizer boards 310 can be accommodated in the box-shaped structure 206 of the evacuation structure 300. Here, as shown in FIG. 13A, the stabilizer board 310 may include first and

second stabilizer boards

311 and 312 which are connected by hinges and are foldable. To make the stabilizer board 310 protrude, the stabilizer board 310 is slid outward from the housed state shown in FIG. 13A, as shown in FIG. 13B. This sliding movement can be performed, for example, on the floor panel 220 shown in FIG. Next, as shown in FIG. 13 (C), the second stabilizer board 312 is rotated by 90 ° with respect to the first stabilizer board 311 to stand up. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 13 (D), the second stabilizer board 312 is further rotated by 90 ° with respect to the first stabilizer board 311 while sliding the stabilizer board 310. In this way, the first and

second stabilizer boards

311 and 312 can be set in the flat state, and the stabilizer board 310 can be protruded to the final position. In this way, the stabilizer board 310 having a predetermined protruding length can be accommodated in the evacuation structure 300 without making the evacuation structure 300 uselessly large.

6. Sixth embodiment 6.1. Appearance and Internal Structure FIGS. 14 to 18 show an evacuation structure 400 according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The evacuation structure 400 has a box-shaped structure 406. Among the box-shaped structures 406, members having the same functions as those of the box-shaped structures 206 of the evacuation structure 200 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the box-shaped structures 206. Description is omitted. Further, among the members already described as the box-shaped structure 206, members not changed as the box-shaped structure 406 are also provided in the box-shaped structure 406.

As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, the box-shaped structure 406 has two hatch doors 204 on each of two outer walls 203 C and 203 D facing each other in a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. . That is, the box-shaped structure 406 includes six hatch doors 204, one on each of the bottom wall 203A and the ceiling wall 203B and two on each of the

outer walls

203C and 203D. However, the number of hatch doors 204 is not limited to this. The outer walls 203D of the three regions on both sides of the two hatch doors 204 are covered with

stabilizer boards

450, 451, and 452. As shown in FIG. 24, when the

stabilizer boards

450, 451, and 452 are rotated around the lower fulcrum, the outer wall 203D of the three regions is exposed.

The box-shaped structure 406 is provided on its ceiling wall 203B with a 280 that is folded when not in use as shown in FIG. 15 so as to be able to stand upright as shown in FIGS. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 18, the handrail 280 can be fitted with a sunshade member 290 that covers the ceiling wall 203B. As an evacuation route for evacuation from the box-shaped structure 406 to the ceiling wall 203B, a ladder 410 is provided on both outer walls 203D in addition to the ceiling hatch door 204 shown in FIG. 8 not shown in FIGS. Is also good. The ladder 410 in a region of the outer wall 203D where the ladder 410 is provided and which is covered with the stabilizer board 452 can protrude through a through hole 452A formed in the stabilizer board 452.

As shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, the box-shaped structure 406 can accommodate a total of 12 people, for example, 6 people in each of two rows. However, the number of passengers can be changed. In the present embodiment, fixed or movable chairs, for example, fixed chairs 420 are arranged in three regions on both sides of the two hatch doors 204 as means capable of seating passengers. In the two areas facing the two hatch doors 204, as shown in FIGS. 16 and 18, a movable chair, for example, a movable chair plate 421 as a means for occupants to be seated can rotate around a fulcrum 422. Are located in When the two hatch doors 204 are used, the movable chair plate 421 is leaned over the fulcrum 422 and does not hinder the entrance. As shown in FIG. 17, the bottom hatch door 204 and the weight 270 are arranged so that the cross section thereof is flush with the substantially hexagonal bottom surface.

6.2. Drainage Operation Next, drainage of water that has entered the box-shaped structure 406 will be described with reference to FIGS. In this embodiment, for example, the drain pipes 91 shown in FIG. 19 are arranged in a vertical and horizontal arrangement as shown in FIG. 20, and are arranged on the outer wall 203D exposed by the rotation of the stabilizer boards 450 to 452 as shown in FIG. (The drain pipe 91 is omitted in FIG. 24).

Here, also in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, the full load water line LWL is set lower than the floor level FL of the box-shaped structure 406, as in FIGS. 1 and 5. Also, as shown in FIG. 16, the uppermost level of the ceiling wall 203B of the box-shaped structure 406 is UML (Upper Most Level), and the lowermost level is LML (Lower Most Level). The MLWL (Max Load Water Line) shown in FIG. 16 is a maximum load draft line of the box-shaped structure 406 that floats when the inside of the fully loaded box-shaped structure 406 is filled with water. The maximum load draft line MLWL is located above the full load draft line LWL by a height h, but lower than the uppermost level UML.

Zones Z1 to Z8 shown in FIG. 20 indicate zones in which the height range from the floor level FL of the box-shaped structure 406 to the uppermost level UML of the ceiling wall 203B is divided into, for example, eight zones. , Zone Z8 is located at the top. In each of the zones Z1 to Z8, at least one drain pipe 91 is arranged in the vertical direction, and a plurality of drain pipes 91 are arranged at a predetermined pitch P in the horizontal direction. Note that this zone division is an example, and the height range in the internal space where the zones are set and the number of zones are not limited thereto. Here, FIG. 20 is an example of N (N is an integer of 2 or more) N drain pipes 91 having outlets at different height positions, the height of which in the vertical direction sequentially increases, for example, = 8. is there. In FIG. 20, the drain pipe 91 disposed in the zone Z1 is disposed above the floor level FL by, for example, 0.12 m, and the drain pipes 91 are disposed at a pitch P = 0.15 m in the vertical direction. In addition, as shown in FIG. 5, when the drain pipe 50 having an outlet (the other end) is provided below the floor surface 21 and above the full load water line LWL, the height in the vertical direction is sequentially increased N = 9. This is an example of N drain pipes having outlets (other ends) at different height positions.

As shown in FIG. 19, the drain pipe 91 has one end 91A opened inside the box-shaped structure 406, the other end 91B opened on the outer wall 204D, and the valve 92 disposed therebetween. The inner diameter of the drain pipe 91 is, for example, 52 mm. The drain pipe 91 has, between one end 91A and the other end 91B, an annular projection 93 for narrowing the inner diameter and a plurality of local projections 94 projecting at a plurality of locations spaced apart in the circumferential direction. For example, a spherical valve 92 is disposed in a conduit between the annular projection 93 and the local projection 94. When draining water from the inside of the box-shaped structure 206 to the outside, the valve 92 moves to the local projection 94 side by the water pressure. Therefore, the water is drained through the area without the projection 94 in the circumferential direction. On the other hand, when water is immersed in the box-shaped structure 206 from the outside to the inside, the valve 92 moves toward the annular projection 93 by the water pressure. Therefore, the passage of the drain pipe 91 is closed by the spherical body 92 and the annular projection 93, and flooding is prevented.

サイズ The size of the evacuation structure 400 is, for example, approximately 5.8 mx 2.1 mx 2.3 m in length x height x width. Also, the total weight of the evacuation structure 400 is assumed to be 2400 kg by adding 350 kg for the frame structure, 260 kg for the float, 180 kg for the wall material, 350 kg for the weight 270, 840 kg for 12 crew members, and 420 kg for others.

6.2.1. Full load line LWL
In the present embodiment, the total volume of the float below the floor surface FL is 5.3 m ³ (average area 8.84 m ² × height 0.6 m). At this time, the buoyancy _{F F} acting on the box-like structure 406 only by the float, the density of the float and 24 kg / ^{m 3,} the density of water and 1000 kg / ^{m 3,}
F _F = (weight of the float excluding water)-(weight of the float itself)
= 5.3 m ³ × 1000 kg / m ³ × 9.81 m / s ²
-5.3 m ³ × 24 kg / m ³ × 9.18 m / s ²
= (1000-24) × 5.3 × 9.81
= 50754 (N)

On the other hand, the buoyancy that balances with the evacuation structure 400 having a total weight of 2400 is 2400 × 9.81 = 23544N, which is about 46% of the total volume 5.3 m ³ of the float below the floor surface FL ( It suffices that a volume of 2.4 m ³ corresponding to 100 × 23544/50745) is sunk. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 16, it can be seen that the full load draft line LWL is located below the floor surface FL and substantially in the middle between the floor surface FL, the lowermost surface MLL, and the height of 0.6 m. In FIG. 16, the height from the lowermost surface LML to the full load water line LWL is 0.3 m.

6.2.2. Maximum load draft line MLWL
Next, the maximum load draft line MLWL is obtained. The maximum load draft line MLWL is a draft line at the maximum load in which the total weight of the box-shaped structure 406 is further affected by the weight when the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 is filled with water. Such a situation is not normally assumed, but for ensuring safety, it is guaranteed that the box-shaped structure will not sink even at the maximum load exceeding the mounting weight.

Here, the capacity of the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 is 12 m ³ when the average area excluding the crew and the chair is 8 m ² and the height is 1.5 m. Flooded into this space, when this space was replaced by air (specific gravity 1.225 kg / ^{m 3)} in water (specific gravity 1000 kg / ^{m 3),} additional to determined by the following equation in a box-like structure 406 Gravity _FW acts.
F _W = (weight of water launched into space) − (weight of space itself)
= (8 m ³ × 1000 kg / m ³ × 9.81 m / s ² )
-(8 m ³ × 1.225 kg / m ³ × 9.18 m / s ² )
= (1000-1.225) × 8 × 9.81
= 78384 (N)

Here, when the maximum load waterline MLWL is assumed to be in the position of FIG. 16, load line buoyancy F _A the box-like structure 406 of a height h min is increased by sinking in the water occurs than LWL. Here, assuming that the average area _A defined by the outline of the box-shaped structure 406 is A = 10 m ² , the buoyancy F _A is expressed as follows.
F _A = volume (h × A) × specific gravity of water (1000 kg / m ² ) × 9.81 (m / s ² )
= 98100 × h

In order for the box-shaped structure 406 to float, F _W = F _A holds.
Therefore, h = 78384/98100 = 0.8 m.
That is, the height from the lowermost surface LML of the box-shaped structure 406 to the maximum load draft line MLWL is 0.3 m (the height from the lowermost surface LML of the box-shaped structure 406 to the full load line LWL) +0.8 m (full load draft line). The height h) from LWL to the maximum load draft line MLWL is 1.1 m.

The total height of the box-shaped structure 406 is 2.1 m, and the position of the highest drain pipe 91 in FIG. 20 is 1.77 m (0.6 + 0.12 + 0.15 × 7) from the lowermost surface LML of the box-shaped structure 406. Height. From this, even if the inside of the box-shaped structure 406 is filled with water, the volume of the float is such that at least one other end of the N drain pipes 91 is located above the water surface outside the box-shaped structure 406. Further, it is understood that the volume is such that the box-shaped structure 406 is not completely submerged.

If the height from the lowermost surface LML of the box-shaped structure 406 to the floor surface FL is large, the float volume that can be arranged below the floor surface FL increases. Therefore, the maximum load draft line MLWL can be set below the floor surface FL. In this case, even at the time of the maximum load caused by the weight when the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 is filled with the flood, all the drain outlets of the N drain pipes 91 shown in FIG. 20 are moved from the maximum load draft line MLWL. Can also be located above. Thereby, the N drainage pipes 91 can always be used at the same time, so that the drainage speed can be further increased.

6.2.3. Use of Drainage Pipes with Different Heights The maximum load draft line MLWL when the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 at full load shown in FIG. Is a position lower than at least one position. In this way, before the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 at full load is filled with water, in other words, before reaching the maximum load draft line MLWL, at least the N drain outlets located at a position higher than the waterline are drawn. The flooded water can continue to be drained from one, preferably a plurality of N drain outlets of different heights. Therefore, in a normal use mode, a situation in which the amount of flooding exceeds the amount of drainage and the space inside the box-shaped structure 406 is filled with flooding cannot occur. In other words, a situation that reaches the maximum load draft line MLWL cannot occur.

6.3. Self-propelled evacuation structure FIGS. 21 to 23 show an evacuation structure that can not only float but also move on its own. First, as shown in FIGS. 14, 15, 18, and 21, the box-shaped structure 406 includes a mounting portion 430 for attaching a propulsion tool for applying a propulsive force to the box-shaped structure 406, for example, an electric screw 431. be able to. The electric screw 431 is energized by being connected to a connector that is exposed by opening the door 432. As shown in FIG. 21, the mounting portions 430 can be provided at both ends in the longitudinal direction of the box-shaped structure 406 as shown in FIG. Thus, the box-shaped structure 406 can be advanced in the directions of arrows A and B shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 22, a clutch (mounting portion) 204 A serving as a fulcrum of the all 440 is provided on the hatch doors 204 on both sides of the box-shaped structure 406, in combination with the mounting portion 430 or in place of the mounting portion 430. The oar (propelling device) 440 can protrude outward through the intermediary. An evacuee inside the box-shaped structure 406 can advance the box-shaped structure 406 by manually rowing the all 440 with the clutch 204A as a fulcrum.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 23, a clutch (not shown) may be provided on the ceiling wall 203B or the handrail 280 so that an evacuee who has evacuated to the ceiling wall 203B can row all the 440s. FIG. 23 shows a state in which an unexpected external force acts on the box-shaped structure 406, and the outer wall 203D and the like are separated from the frame structure and scattered on the water surface. Even in such a state, the ceiling wall 203B functions as a raft, and the safety of evacuees can be kept to a minimum.

6.4. Stabilizer Board FIGS. 24 to 27 show stabilizer boards 450 to 452 for improving the stability of the box-shaped structure 406. FIG. As shown in FIG. 24, each of the stabilizer boards 450 to 452 may be rotatably supported by, for example, an outer wall 203D of the box-shaped structure 406, and may be accommodated in an upright state. In this case, the inside of the evacuation structure 400 is not occupied as the accommodation space for the plurality of stabilizer boards 450 to 452. Further, since the plurality of stabilizer boards 450 to 452 are accommodated with a gap between one of the two outer walls 203D, the drain outlet at the other end of the drain pipe 91 provided on the outer wall is not blocked. .

As shown in FIG. 25, a locking part 460 for locking at least one of the stabilizer boards 450 to 452, for example, the stabilizer board 450 in an upright state, and a state where the stabilizer board 450 is locked by the locking part 460 are shown. , A release operation section 470 that is released by operating inside the box-shaped structure 406. As shown in FIG. 26, the locking portion 460 locks the locked portion 453 attached to the upper portion of the stabilizer board 450. The locking portion 460 is rotatable. In order to operate the locking part 460 inside the box-shaped structure 406, the release operation part 470 may include a handle 471 and a wire 472 connecting the handle 471 and the rotating part of the locking part 460. it can. In this way, the evacuee who has evacuated into the box-shaped structure 406 during evacuation confirms the floating of the box-shaped structure 406, and then operates the release operation unit 470 inside the box-shaped structure 406 to cause the stabilizer board 450 Can be projected above the water surface outside the box-shaped structure 406. Thereby, the box-shaped structure 406 is stabilized on the water surface. At this time, as shown in FIG. 27, since the rotation position of the stabilizer board 450 is regulated by the stopper 480, the situation where the stabilizer board 450 is rotated by, for example, 180 ° and cannot perform the stabilizing function is prevented.

In addition, it is preferable that the evacuation structure of the present invention has an outer wall covered with a surface protection material, especially when it is assumed that the structure is used in seawater. The surface protective material preferably has rust resistance, waterproofness, ultraviolet light resistance, abrasion resistance, and / or design properties. For example, an aliphatic polyurea resin can be used.

1, 1A: evacuation structure, 2: frame structure, 2A: beam, 3: outer wall, 3A: bottom wall, 3B: ceiling wall, 3C, 3D: side wall, 3E, 3F: end wall, 4: hatch door 5, hatch frame, 6: box-shaped structure, 10, 10A, 10A1, 10B, 10B1: float, 20: floor panel, 20A: discharge port (through hole), 21: floor surface, 30: evacuation room, 40 ... drainage storage chamber, 50 ... drainage pipe, 50A ... one end (inlet), 50B ... other end (drainage outlet), 60 ... check valve, 61 ... valve, 62 ... hinge, 63 ... cover, 70 ... weight, 80 ... Handrail, 81 hinge, 82 connecting device, 90 additional drain pipe, 90A inlet, 90B1-90Bm drain outlet, 91 drain pipe, 91A one end, 91B other end, 92 valve, 93 flow Road opening, 94: valve stopper, 100: evacuation structure, 102: framework structure 103A: bottom wall, 103B: ceiling wall, 103C, 103D: side wall, 104: hatch door, 106: box-shaped structure, 110: float, 120: floor panel, 150: drain pipe, 150A: one end (entrance), 150B ... the other end (outlet), 160 ... check valve, 161 ... valve, 170 ... weight, 180 ... handrail, 200 ... evacuation structure, 202 ... frame structure, 203A ... bottom (bottom wall), 203B ... top ( Ceiling wall), 203C, 203D side wall, 204 hatch door, 206 box type structure, 210 float, 220 floor plate, 250 drain pipe, 260 check valve, 270 weight, 280 railing, 300: evacuation structure, 290: sunshade, 310: stabilizer board, 311, 312: first and second stabilizer boards, 400: evacuation structure, 406: box-shaped structure, 410 Ladder, 420: fixed chair, 421: movable chair plate, 422: hinge, 430: mounting part, 431: screw, 432 ... door, 440: all, 450, 451, 452: stabilizer board, 453: locked part, 460: Locking part, 470: Release operation part, 471: Handle, 472: Wire, 480: Stopper, LWL: Full load waterline, MLWL: Maximum load waterline

Claims

An imperfectly watertight box-shaped structure with at least one hatch door;
A float provided in the box-shaped structure,
At least one drain pipe having one end open to the inside of the box-shaped structure and the other end opened to the outer wall of the box-shaped structure at a position above a full load line of the box-shaped structure;
A reverse valve including a valve provided on the at least one drain pipe to prevent water from flowing into the inside of the box-shaped structure and to open when water pressure during drainage from the inside of the box-shaped structure is applied; A stop valve,
An evacuation structure comprising:
In claim 1,
The evacuation structure, wherein the float has a volume that does not completely submerge the box-shaped structure even when the box-shaped structure is filled with water.
In claim 1 or 2,
It further has a floor panel which is arranged inside the box-shaped structure and has a floor surface at a position above the full load water line,
The evacuation structure, wherein the at least one drainage pipe has one end opening at a height equal to or lower than the floor surface of the floor panel.
In claim 3,
Further having a drainage storage room disposed inside the box-shaped structure at a position below the floor panel,
The floor panel includes a through hole penetrating vertically,
The evacuation structure, wherein the at least one drainage pipe has one end opened to the drainage storage chamber.
In any one of claims 1 to 4,
The other end of the at least one drain pipe has N drain outlets that open to the outer wall at N (N is an integer of 2 or more) different height positions whose height in the vertical direction is sequentially increased. An evacuation structure characterized by having.
In claim 5,
The at least one drainage pipe has N drainage pipes including the N drainage outlets and the N drainage inlets separated from and connected to the N drainage outlets. Evacuation structures.
In claim 5 or 6,
The maximum load waterline at the time of the maximum load when the space inside the box-shaped structure at the time of full loading is filled with water is a position lower than at least one position of the N drain outlets. Evacuation structures.
In any one of claims 1 to 7,
An evacuation structure, wherein a weight for providing a restoring force to the box-shaped structure is arranged below the full load line.
In claim 8,
The outline of the cross section of the box-shaped structure is characterized in that each horizontal width at the bottom and the top is formed in a polygon narrower than the horizontal width at a position between the bottom and the top. Evacuation structures.
In any one of claims 1 to 9,
The box-shaped structure has a skeleton structure and a ceiling wall attached to an upper surface of the skeleton structure, and the ceiling wall is a ceiling that can escape from the at least one hatch door provided on the ceiling wall. An evacuation structure comprising a handrail arranged around a surface area.
In any one of claims 1 to 10,
The box-shaped structure houses a plurality of stabilizer boards that can protrude horizontally from two outer walls facing each other in a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the box-shaped structure. Structure.
In claim 11,
The evacuation structure, wherein each of the plurality of stabilizer boards is folded and accommodated in the box-shaped structure.
In claim 11,
The evacuation structure, wherein each of the plurality of stabilizer boards is rotatably supported outside the box-shaped structure and accommodated in an upright state.
In claim 13,
A locking portion for locking at least one of the plurality of stabilizer boards in an upright state,
A release operation unit that releases a state in which at least one of the plurality of stabilizer boards is locked by the locking unit by operating inside the box-shaped structure,
An evacuation structure, further comprising:
In any one of claims 1 to 14,
The evacuation structure, wherein the box-shaped structure includes a mounting portion for attaching a propulsion tool for applying a propulsive force to the box-shaped structure.