TW201836922A - Floating and tilting type evacuation capsule allowing quick refuge taking of people in case of tsunami coming shortly after the occurrence of an earthquake - Google Patents

Abstract

A floating and tilting type evacuation capsule allows quick refuge taking of people in case of tsunami coming shortly after the occurrence of an earthquake. The evacuation capsule is floatable on water surface and comprises a tilting mechanism that includes a structure body, a door arranged at an entrance and exit, a vessel bottom arranged under a floor, and a sinker. The tilting mechanism is characterized in that when the evacuation capsule is floating on water surface, a rear wall of the structure body sinks deeper than a front wall thereof while the door is located above the waterline. Such a configuration can prevent water from invading from the door, and also can achieve stabilized floating during a tsunami.

Description

   Floating tilting refuge capsule   

The invention relates to a floating and tilting refuge capsule where people can go to refuge when a tsunami occurs due to an earthquake.

In the Great East Japan Earthquake, many people were killed by the huge tsunami. In order to save lives in such a huge tsunami, one of the effective disaster prevention methods is to quickly evacuate to a high place before the tsunami strikes. However, the current situation is that when the three consecutive earthquakes in the East China Sea, Southeast China Sea, and South China Sea occur, it is predicted that some areas will have a tsunami of up to 30m in only 5 minutes after the earthquake. , Especially for the elderly and the physically and mentally handicapped. Even if you want to retreat to the refuge building, it is difficult to climb the stairs.

The introduction of refuge capsules is a method that can effectively solve the above problems. Simultaneously with the earthquake, retreat to the evacuation capsule quickly, stay in the capsule when the tsunami hits, and leave after the tsunami has receded, which can protect the lives of many people, such as the elderly and people with disabilities, from the tsunami threat.

The refuge capsules can simply be installed in private construction sites, allowing people to take refuge in a short period of time, so even if a tsunami strikes shortly after the earthquake, it is also effective. In addition, this is different from climbing the stairs to the refuge building for evacuation. It almost does not need to move up and down, so it is also suitable for evacuation of the elderly and people with disabilities. In addition, this is different from evacuating to a high place, and is not affected by traffic jams or road congestion during evacuation.

Regarding the floating refuge capsule, since it can float without reversing the tsunami, its effectiveness will not change even in the face of a huge tsunami, which is quite advantageous.

Patent Literature 1 has proposed a floating refuge capsule. The invention provided in Patent Document 1 is a cheap evacuation life-saving capsule, which can be bought by many families and placed in the corner of the courtyard. When the flood occurs, it takes refuge in a light-weight capsule with excellent strength, which can come when a tsunami or other flood occurs Refuge. Specifically, the capsule body, which is approximately square and narrow in the lower part, is integrally molded with resin, and the upper part of the capsule body is constructed with a skeleton to be covered with a waterproof cover. An access door is provided on the waterproof cover. The space for adults to sit with their knees is also provided with a seat belt. At the lower part of the capsule body, a fixed weight for lowering the center of gravity and a pedestal with wheels are installed.

Patent Literature 1: JP 2014-58296

However, the problem with the above-mentioned conventional technology is that the capsule body is made of resin, and the structure is fragile and cannot withstand the destructive power of a huge tsunami. In addition, there is also a problem of colliding with drifting rubble and destroying it. Furthermore, when a tsunami fire occurs, the resin constituting the capsule body also has a problem of fire.

The present invention focuses on the above problems and provides an evacuation capsule, which can quickly evacuate even if a huge tsunami strikes within a short time after the earthquake occurs, while ensuring the safety in the evacuation space; the foregoing is the problem to be solved by the present invention .

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the first invention is a refuge capsule that can float on the surface of the water. Its features include a structure with a top plate, a front wall, a rear wall, a side wall, and a floor. The door, the bilge below the floor, and the tilting mechanism. When the refuge capsule floats on the water surface, the rear wall of the structure sinks deeper than the front wall, and the door is located above the waterline.

If the above configuration is adopted, when the refuge capsule floats on the surface of the water, the door is located above the waterline, so water intrusion from the door can be prevented.

In addition, if this structure is adopted, the rear wall of the evacuation capsule is sunk deeper than the front wall by the tilting mechanism, that is, it floats in a tilted state. Therefore, a structure that is not easily overturned by the force of the tsunami wave is formed.

In addition, if the above structure is adopted, the bilge is provided under the floor, so when the tsunami is flushed, the direction of the evacuation capsule can maintain a certain direction.

The second invention is characterized in that, in the refuge capsule according to the first aspect, the top plate, front wall, rear wall, side walls and floor of the structure are formed by a steel plate sandwiching the core material on both sides, the door and the bilge Made of steel.

If the above-mentioned structure is adopted, the outer surface of the evacuation capsule is covered with a steel plate, so even if a tsunami fire occurs, the evacuation capsule can be protected from fire. In other words, it has fire resistance and can prevent tsunami fire.

In addition, if the above-mentioned structure is adopted, the top plate, the front wall, the side walls, and the floor constituting the structure are respectively sandwiched by steel plates to form an integral molding, that is, a sandwich structure. Compared with the structure of a single steel plate or a single structure of concrete, the sandwich structure described above improves the rigidity and strength in the out-of-plane direction. Therefore, even if it is hit by drifting materials such as rubble, it can be protected from damage.

The third invention is characterized in that in the refuge capsule described in the first or second item, the core material used for the top plate of the structure is smaller than the weight per unit volume of the core material used for the floor of the structure.

If the above structure is adopted, compared with the case where the core material of the same unit volume weight is used for the top plate and the floor, the center of gravity can be located at a lower position. Therefore, the stability of the refuge capsule when floating can be increased.

The fourth invention is characterized in that in the refuge capsules described in the first to the third, the tilting mechanism is composed of a front wall and a door, and a rear wall that is heavier than the total weight of the front wall and the door.

According to the above structure, the weight difference between the front wall and the door arranged in front of the evacuation capsule and the rear wall arranged in the rear can tilt the evacuation capsule in a floating state.

The fifth invention is characterized in that in the evacuation capsules of the first to the third, the tilting mechanism is constituted by the floor of the structure, the rear wall, and / or the fixed weight provided on the bilge.

If the above structure is adopted, the fixed weight is biased to the rear wall, and the floating refuge capsule can be tilted.

The invention of claim 6 is characterized in that in the refuge capsule of item 5, the fixed weight is made of concrete and / or steel plate.

According to the above-mentioned structure, since the fixed weight is made of concrete and / or steel plate, it is possible to simply arrange the fixed weight with a desired weight at a desired position.

The 7th invention is characterized in that the refuge capsules of 1st to 6th are further provided with a support portion that supports the structure, the support portion includes: a pillar extending downward from the floor, and a stability fixed to the lower end of the pillar board.

If the above structure is adopted, by providing a stabilizing plate, the structure can be stably placed on the ground, and when the refuge capsule floats on the water surface, it can suppress shaking.

The eighth invention is characterized in that in the refuge capsules of the first to seventh, the door is provided on one side of the front wall, and further includes a toilet provided on the other side of the front wall, and a porch provided on the front side of the front wall.

If the above structure is adopted, the evacuation capsule is provided with a toilet and a porch, so the evacuation capsule can be effectively used as a living space not only in disasters, but also in peacetime. Through the effective use at ordinary times, it is easier to carry out regular inspections and maintenance. When disasters occur, you can use the refuge capsules in an intact state.

1‧‧‧Refuge Capsule

2‧‧‧Top plate

3‧‧‧Side wall

4‧‧‧back wall

5‧‧‧Front wall

6‧‧‧ Floor

7‧‧‧ Bilge

8‧‧‧Structure

8a‧‧‧Internal space

9‧‧‧Entrance

10‧‧‧ door

11‧‧‧Toilet

12‧‧‧Hammer

13a, b‧‧‧support

14a, b‧‧‧pillar

15a, b‧‧‧ stable board

81‧‧‧ Steel plate

82a‧‧‧Lightweight concrete slab (core material)

82b‧‧‧Common concrete slab (core material)

L‧‧‧ waterline

Figure 1: (a) is a front view of this embodiment, and (b) is the same as the right view.

Figure 2: Section A-A of Figure 1 (a).

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the state in which the refuge capsule of the embodiment of the present invention floats on the water surface.

Figure 4: (a) is a cross-sectional structural view of the front wall and top plate, and (b) is a cross-sectional structural view of the side wall, rear wall and floor.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of an evacuation capsule according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The ideal embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 5, the refuge capsule 1 of the present embodiment includes a structure 8, a bilge 7, a porch 9, a toilet 11 and the like.

The structure 8 is composed of a top plate 2, a front wall 5, a rear wall 4, a side wall 3, and a floor 6, and an internal space 8a is formed inside to form an evacuation space when a disaster occurs. A heat insulating material may be provided on the inner wall of the structure 8 and a wall plate may be provided inside the heat insulating material.

In addition, on at least one of the top plate 2, the rear wall 4, and the side wall 3, it is desirable to provide a window (not shown) and an emergency entrance (not shown) located above the water line L.

In this way, the situation outside can be confirmed from the window. In addition, even if the door 10 cannot be opened and closed, it can be exited through the emergency entrance.

As shown in FIG. 4 (a) (b), the top plate 2, the front wall 5, the rear wall 4, the side walls 3, and the floor 6 use lightweight concrete slab 82a or ordinary concrete slab 82b as the core material, and steel plates 81 hold both sides , Forming a so-called sandwich structure. By forming the above-mentioned sandwich structure, the rigidity and strength in the out-of-plane direction can be improved more than the structure of a single steel plate or a single concrete. Therefore, the safety of the collision of drifting objects when a tsunami or the like occurs can be improved. In addition, since it is made of fire-resistant steel plates and concrete, it will not catch fire even if it encounters a tsunami fire.

The refuge capsule 1 is designed to withstand a fixed external force, such as a water depth of 20 meters and a water pressure of 200 kN / m ² . In addition, it can withstand typhoons and tornadoes.

The above design is based on the calculation of the vertical load of the structure 8 when calculating the vertical load, the body design of the tsunami load, and the installation of the structure 8. In addition, the tsunami wave pressure calculation formula is calculated according to new guidelines such as the notice of the Tsunami Disaster Prevention Area Creation Law.

As an example, when the shape and size of the structure 8 are 3500 mm long, 2400 mm wide, and 2400 mm high, the necessary thickness of the steel plate 81 is 3 mm, and the necessary thickness of the lightweight concrete slab 82 a and the ordinary concrete slab 82 b is 60 mm.

An outlet 16 is formed on the front wall 5, and the aforementioned outlet 16 is located at a position that does not interfere with the toilet 11. In addition, a door 10 is provided at the entrance 16 to ensure water tightness. The opening of the entrance 16 is ideally wide to facilitate wheelchair access. The door 10 is ideal for one- or two-door refractory construction and opened on one side through a hinge. In addition, the weight per unit area is preferably equal to or less than that of the front wall 5.

The front wall 5 uses lightweight concrete slab 82a as a core material, and the rear wall 4 uses ordinary concrete slab 82b as a core material. Ordinary concrete is about 25kN / m ^{3. In} contrast, lightweight concrete is mixed with lighter aggregates than ordinary concrete, which can be reduced to about 18kN / m ³ . Using this weight difference per unit volume, the rear wall 4 that is heavier than the total weight of the front wall 5 and the door 10 can be formed. As a result, the position of the center of gravity when viewed from the side can be deflected toward the rear wall 4, and when the refuge capsule 1 floats, the rear wall 4 can be sunk deeper. As long as the core material of the rear wall 4 is thickened, the rear wall 4 can be sunk deeper.

The side wall 3 is provided with a pair at opposite positions, and uses ordinary concrete slab 82b as a core material. In addition, lightweight concrete slabs can also be used as core materials. This makes the refuge capsule 1 lighter and increases the floating volume on the water.

The planar shape of the top plate 2 is an arch type, and lightweight concrete slab 82a is used as the core material, and the floor 6 uses ordinary concrete slab 82b as the core material. This can reduce the position of the center of gravity in the up-down direction and stabilize the refuge capsule 1 when floating.

The bilge 7 is provided under the floor 6 to stabilize the posture on the stable water surface, and is a hollow structure made of steel plates. Its shape and structure follow the general knowledge of the cabin.

The fixed weight 12 is composed of a steel plate. In the present embodiment, four rear walls close to the inner bottom surface of the hollow bilge 7 are provided. In this way, the position of the center of gravity when viewed from the side can be set close to the rear wall 4, and when the refuge capsule 1 floats, the rear wall 4 can be sunk deeper. The fixed weight 12 may also use concrete. In addition, the fixed weight 12 may be provided on either the floor 6 or the rear wall, or both. In addition, it can also be used in combination with the fixed weight 12 used in the bilge 7 described above.

In order to stabilize the structure 8 and install it on the ground, it is provided with a support portion 13a. The support portion 13a includes two pillars 14a extending downward from the floor 6, and a stabilizing plate 15a fixed to the ends of the pillars 14a. By placing the stabilizing plate 15a on the ground, the structural body 8 can be stabilized and installed on the ground. In addition, the stabilizing plate 15a also has the function of reducing lateral shaking and improving stability when the structure 8 floats.

The internal space 8a has an internal volume that gives buoyancy to float on the water surface when accommodating a desired number of people. The size of the structure 8 is converted into the necessary space of 1.5m ³ per person. If the number of people in the general family is 4 people, it needs: 4 people × 1.5m ³ = 6.0m ³ . The size of the structure 8 can be changed according to the conditions of the existing buildings and the number of people accommodated.

An oxygen cylinder is prepared in the internal space 8a. By spraying oxygen, the possibility of saving lives is increased.

In terms of the oxygen capacity in the internal space 8a, oxygen breathing becomes difficult, so oxygen is supplied from the oxygen cylinder installed beforehand. Regarding the oxygen cylinder, depending on the number of people accommodated, children, adults, etc., it is necessary to confirm the capacity that can be left inside the capsule 1.

In order to ensure the proper oxygen concentration, the concentration meter can be used to understand the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide required to maintain the safety of the refuge capsule 1 and ease of occupancy. When it does not meet the appropriate standard value, spray the prepared oxygen tank. Adjust the oxygen concentration. In addition, carbon dioxide can also be adjusted in the same concentration. At this target value, the oxygen concentration inside the capsule 1 is 20%. The necessary equipment is an oxygen supply appliance group, an air pressure adjustment appliance, a carbon dioxide reduction appliance group, and the like. The lower limit of the oxygen concentration is that the proportion of oxygen in the air is 18% of the safety limit, and the upper limit of the concentration of carbon dioxide. In this example, the proportion of the aforementioned carbon dioxide in the air is 0.5% of the long-term safety limit in labor hygiene %.

A pressure reducing valve (check valve) is provided to release the gas pressure inside the structure 8. It also has parts for water pipes. In order to prevent excessive increase of carbon dioxide, use hydrated lime solution or zeolite to reduce carbon dioxide. Through the solar power generation panel, the storage battery is formed into a full grid, so the foregoing storage battery continuously drives the pump of slaked lime.

Set up several (in this case 2) screens. The outside air temperature, inside air temperature, oxygen concentration, and carbon dioxide concentration can be displayed at desired time intervals (for example, 30 minutes). If the screen is installed outside, it is dark even if you look at the screen in the middle of the night, and it is difficult to display. Therefore, set the outside temperature gauge outside and set the screen inside the refuge capsule 1 at the same time. In the middle of winter, if the tsunami strikes, the temperature of the outside air thermometer will rise, so even if the tsunami strikes in the middle of the night, you will know.

The internal space 8a of the structure 8 is equipped with communication functions such as a mobile phone, a satellite phone, and a pager. It also has AED and disaster prevention items.

On the front side of the front wall 5, a porch 9 and a toilet 11 are provided. The entrance 9 is made of a steel plate structure, and the toilet 11 includes a door 11a, a water supply tank (not shown), a toilet 11b, and a lower water tank (not shown). The toilet 11 may also be provided with windows. The power supply of the toilet 11b can be obtained from a household power outlet, or can be obtained from a generator, an external power supply, and the like.

In order to stabilize the porch 9 and the toilet 11, it is installed on the ground, and a supporting portion 13b is provided. The support portion 13b includes a porch 9, a pillar 14b extending downward from the bottom surface of the toilet 11, and a stabilizing plate 15b fixed to the end of the pillar 14b. The stabilizing plate 15b is placed on the ground to stabilize the porch 9 and toilet 11, and is installed on the ground.

The porch 9 and the toilet 11 can be separated from the structure 8, and the evacuation capsule 1 floats because the tsunami is integrated with the structure 8, the bilge 7, and the support 13a. In this way, in normal times, the structure 8 can be used as a living space and can be used comfortably, and at the same time, when a flood such as a tsunami occurs, it can float stably on the water surface.

As shown in FIG. 3, the structure 8 is such that the rear wall 4 sinks deeper than the front wall 5. Furthermore, the door 10 is located above the water line L. The weights of the rear wall 4, the front wall 5 and the door 10, the weight of the fixed weight 12, and the installation position are appropriately set in accordance with the internal volume of the internal space 8a, and the above state can be exhibited.

The method of using the refuge capsule 1 will be described below.

The refuge capsule 1 is hung down by a crane, or raised to a desired position by a stacker, for example, installed in a construction site. In addition, if the floor area of the refuge capsule 1 is set to 10 m ² , it is not necessary to apply for building confirmation.

The refuge capsule 1 is provided with a porch 9 and a toilet 11, which is convenient for people with disabilities, the elderly, children, etc. In addition, it also has the effect of being flexibly used in daily life, for example, it can be used as a bedroom, living space, and independent room.

When there is a danger of an earthquake or tsunami, quickly evacuate to the internal space 8a, close the door 10 and lock it. If the above actions are taken, the elders and people with physical and mental disabilities can also take refuge in the internal space 8a before the tsunami strikes.

If a tsunami strikes, the refuge capsule 1 is engulfed by the waves, but as mentioned above, the structure 8 is designed to withstand a water pressure of 200 kN / m ² at a water depth of 20 meters, so it will not be damaged by flooding. Thereafter, the structure 8 placed on the ground floats on the water surface due to buoyancy.

Due to the destructive power of the tsunami, the structure was turned into debris, forming drifts. In addition, a tsunami fire was also predicted. The structure 8 uses concrete as a core material and is sandwiched by steel plates on both sides, so it has excellent out-of-plane strength and also has fire resistance. Therefore, it will not be damaged by the collision of drifting objects, nor will it catch fire due to the tsunami fire.

In the floating state, as shown in FIG. 3, the posture through the bilge 7 can be stabilized in the water, the front wall 5 is higher than the rear wall 4, and the door 10 is positioned on the water line L. This prevents water from entering the interior from the door 10.

After the tsunami is quiet, it will temporarily float on the sea. During this period, the accommodated people use emergency evacuation supplies prepared in the internal space 8a in advance to wait for rescue. In addition, use the prepared mobile phone and other tools to request rescue.

When pushed to land, the door 10 is opened and disengaged. When the door 10 cannot be used due to debris or the like, it can be exited from the emergency exit located in the detachable position.

Refuge Capsule 1 can eliminate people's worries about the tsunami, especially those who currently live in the coastal area, will live in the coastal area in the future, or want to live in the coastal area, can provide them with a safe and secure residence.

The above describes how to use the tsunami, but the evacuation capsule 1 can not only withstand the so-called secondary disasters such as fire and mudslides during the tsunami, but also provide safe evacuation for the elderly and people with physical and mental disabilities. The higher, revolutionary and reassuring performance.

It can provide refuge capsules 1 for family use at a cheap price and shorten the construction period, as well as a safe and safe environment in the face of tsunamis, trains, and tornadoes. Especially in the coastal areas, its industrial use value is quite large.

Claims (8)

    A floating tilting refuge capsule, the characteristics of the refuge capsule include: a structure with a top plate, a front wall, a rear wall, a side wall and a floor, an entrance formed on the front wall, a door provided on the entrance, and a floor on the floor The bottom bilge and tilting mechanism is to make the rear wall of the structure sink deeper than the front wall when the refuge capsule floats on the water surface, and to position the door above the waterline.         The floating tilt-type refuge capsule as described in item 1 of the patent application scope is characterized by the top plate, front wall, rear wall and floor of the aforementioned structure, which are formed by sandwiching the core material on both sides of the steel plate to form an integrated molding structure. The bilge is made of steel.         The floating tilt-type refuge capsule as described in item 1 or item 2 of the patent application range is characterized in that the core material used for the top plate of the structure is smaller than the volume weight of the core material used for the floor of the structure.         The floating tilting refuge capsule as described in item 1 of the patent application range, wherein the tilting mechanism is composed of the front wall and the door, and a rear wall that is heavier than the total weight of the front wall and the door.         The floating tilt-type refuge capsule as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application is characterized in that the tilting mechanism is composed of a fixed weight provided on the floor, rear wall and / or bilge of the aforementioned structure.         The floating tilt-type refuge capsule as described in item 5 of the patent application range is characterized in that the fixed weight is made of concrete and / or steel plate.         The floating tilt-type refuge capsule as described in item 1 of the patent scope is characterized by further comprising a support portion, the support portion is used to support the structure, and the support portion is characterized by having a pillar extending downward from the floor , And a stabilizing plate fixed to the lower end of the aforementioned pillar.         The floating tilting refuge capsule as described in item 1 of the scope of the patent application is further characterized by: the aforementioned door is provided on one side of the front wall; the toilet is provided on the other side of the front wall; the entrance, It is provided on the front side of the aforementioned front wall.