JP3188263U - Disaster prevention shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a disaster prevention shelter for assisting the living function of a house in the event of a non-disaster and enabling more reliable evacuation in the event of an earthquake, flood or the like. SOLUTION: The disaster prevention shelter 1 is installed adjacent to a house having a living function, and the disaster prevention shelter is a shelter main body 3a having a door 3d for a victim to enter and exit and a viewing window 3w, and the shelter main body. It is equipped with a living assistance function that complements and / or partially replaces the living function of the provided house, and is also watertight, so that it can float in the same posture as when it is placed on the ground. By setting, it is configured to be able to float in water without losing balance. Furthermore, as a temporary housing, it is equipped with a living space and living infrastructure where the victims can live. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a disaster prevention shelter that is installed adjacent to a house having a living function and for evacuating victims from disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and tsunamis.

  A new disaster in memory is the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011. Human life has been lost because of the underlayment of roofs that have collapsed and buried in landslides. The tsunami caused by the earthquake killed many people. It was also recognized that there was a need for measures to protect themselves from accidents at nuclear power plants.

  An earthquake to prevent sacrificing by being crushed by a collapsed house and dying from suffocation under a fallen object such as a house or debris when such an earthquake occurs As a countermeasure device, for example, a shelter disclosed in Patent Document 1 (hereinafter referred to as “conventional shelter”) is known.

  A conventional shelter includes a chassis and a shelter that is detachably mounted on the chassis. The shelter is provided with an operation bolt that penetrates the ceiling, and a pantograph-like locking body is provided on the ceiling in a folded state. The operation bolt is for the victim inside the shelter to operate and extend the locking body upward. The reason for extending the locking body is to hang the shelter suspended from the helicopter there and lift the shelter separated from the chassis to evacuate the victim together with the shelter to a safe place.

  On the other hand, the floating shelter proposed by the present applicant is made assuming that the shelter is submerged as well as landslides and houses collapsed, so that the victims inside the floating shelter are not upside down when floating underwater. It is equipped with a posture correction structure. The floating shelter provided with this posture correcting structure (hereinafter referred to as “conventional floating shelter”) is an installation type and is not movable (Patent Document 2).

JP 2006-328912 A (refer to paragraphs 0016, 0025, 0028, 0029, 0044, 0045, FIGS. 1, 14, and 15) Utility Model Registration No. 3180913 (see paragraphs 0021 and 0022, FIGS. 2 and 3)

  However, since conventional shelters and conventional floating shelters are primarily intended for emergency evacuation in the event of a disaster, the ease of use during normal times or after a disaster is not fully considered. For this reason, shelters may not be treated as distracters during a period of peace. Natural disasters come when you forget. There is a risk of being treated as a distractor or forgetting the existence of the above-mentioned shelter for the purpose of emergency evacuation.

  Therefore, the present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and is premised on having a function that enables more reliable evacuation when an earthquake, flood, etc. occur alone or in combination. The purpose of this is to provide a disaster prevention shelter that has life functions.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, this proposal has the following configuration. In addition, the definition of terms used in the description of the device described in any claim is within the scope of the present invention and is applicable to the device described in other claims regardless of the description order. Shall be.

(Characteristic features of claim 1)
A disaster prevention shelter according to the invention of claim 1 (hereinafter referred to as “the shelter of claim 1”) is a disaster prevention shelter installed adjacent to a house having a living function (infrastructure necessary for life), and the disaster prevention shelter Is provided with a life assistance function that complements and / or partially replaces the living function of the house. This shelter is preferably movable by placing it on a chassis or by providing wheels.

  According to the shelter of claim 1, since it is a shelter for disaster prevention, it has strength and high impact resistance for protecting the victim from the collapse or tsunami caused by the earthquake. In addition to this, it is preferable to have various functions necessary for disaster prevention such as radiation resistance. This shelter has a function of supplementing a living function of a house where it is adjacently installed, for example, a function of a living room or a study room that is not in the house. For example, a shelter may be used as a second living room in addition to a partial living room function, for example, a living room. Moreover, it does not prevent having both functions of complement and partial substitution. Since the shelter has such a life assistance function, the disaster prevention shelter can be used effectively, so that it is not treated as an obstacle especially during normal times or after a disaster. In addition, the use and use of disaster prevention shelters on a daily basis eliminates the fear that their existence will be forgotten, and this enables quick evacuation in the event of a disaster.

(Characteristics of claim 2)
The disaster prevention shelter according to claim 2 (hereinafter referred to as "the shelter of claim 2") is the shelter of claim 1, wherein the disaster prevention shelter has water tightness and floats in water without breaking the balance. It is configured to be possible.

  According to the shelter of claim 2, in addition to the action and effect of the shelter of claim 1, the shelter is more effective against tsunami. In recent years, there have been frequent disasters in which rivers have been flooded and houses have been submerged due to torrential rains that have never been experienced before. If the shelter loses its balance when it is submerged due to a tsunami or river flooding, the shelter may roll over or turn upside down, and the victims may be injured. We are working to make the victims safe.

(Characteristic feature of claim 3)
The disaster prevention shelter according to the invention of claim 3 (hereinafter referred to as “the shelter of claim 3”) is the shelter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the disaster prevention shelter is a life in which a disaster victim can live as a hypothetical house. Has space and living infrastructure. The life infrastructure refers to, for example, a water tank facility, a cooking facility, a sewage tank facility, an internal power source, or an external power source connection terminal. Stockpile food and drinking water can be seen as a living infrastructure.

  According to the shelter of claim 3, in addition to the function and effect of the shelter of claim 1 or 2, when the house collapses and becomes unusable, when it is swept away by a tsunami or moved evacuated, etc. When it cannot be used, it provides an independent environment as a hypothetical house.

(Characteristics of device of claim 4)
A disaster prevention shelter according to the invention of claim 4 (hereinafter referred to as "the shelter of claim 4") is the shelter of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the floating shelter is at least partly an outer FRP layer. (Outer fiber reinforced plastic layer), an inner FPP layer (inner fiber reinforced plastic layer), and a buoyancy material layer (for example, a foamed material layer) interposed between the outer FRP layer and the inner FRP layer. Even if there is, it is configured not to be submerged immediately.

  According to the floating shelter of claim 4, the strength is improved by the double FRP layer in addition to the function and effect of the shelter of any of claims 1 to 3. In addition, the buoyancy material layer completely prevents or delays submergence during water immersion. As a result, it is possible to ensure the safety of the victim.

  According to the disaster prevention shelter according to this proposal, when earthquakes, floods, etc. occur alone or in combination, it contributes to ensuring the safety of the disaster victims, and supplements living functions with life assistance functions in non-disasters. Alternatively, it is possible to provide a comfortable space for the user by partially replacing it.

It is a side view of the disaster prevention shelter installed adjacent to the residence. It is a top view of the disaster prevention shelter shown in FIG. It is a rear view of the disaster prevention shelter shown in FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating a connection mechanism and a cancellation | release mechanism. It is a side view which shows a mode that a vehicle is submerged and a disaster prevention shelter floats. It is a side view which shows a mode that the disaster prevention shelter which floats in water is towed by a ship. It is a side view which shows the disaster prevention shelter of the state suspended.

  Hereinafter, a form for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “this embodiment” as appropriate) will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Schematic structure of disaster prevention shelter)
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as “disaster prevention shelter 1” as appropriate) includes a floating shelter 3, a connection structure 5, and a release mechanism 11 (FIG. 4). I have. The floating shelter 3 is connected to the to-be-cited vehicle 101 by the connecting structure 5 when it needs to move. The connection of the connection structure 5 is configured to be released by the release mechanism 11. The disaster prevention shelter 1 is installed adjacent to the house 201 (FIG. 1), and mainly has a life support function that complements or partially substitutes the living function of the house (or both complement and part substitute) in the floating shelter 3. doing. That is, the residents of the house can live while going back and forth between the house 201 and the disaster prevention shelter 201.

(Schematic structure of floating shelter)
The floating shelter 3 is composed of a shelter body 3a configured to be watertight as a whole, and a chassis 3b on which the shelter body 3a is placed and fixed. The floating shelter 3 is movable and can float in water without breaking the balance. The shape and size of the shelter body 3a is not limited as long as it is within the scope of the present invention, but in the present embodiment, the shelter body 3a is formed in a horizontally long rectangular parallelepiped shape with rounded sides. The reason for the roundness is that the strength of the shelter body 3a is easily maintained. In addition, the horizontal rectangular parallelepiped shape was selected in the floating shelter 3 (disaster prevention shelter 1), for example, bedding facilities such as beds, kitchen facilities such as dining tables and kitchens, and sanitary facilities such as toilets and showers. A living infrastructure such as a terminal for connecting an internal power source such as a rechargeable battery or an external power source is provided. By installing such equipment necessary for living in the room, the floating shelter 3 (disaster prevention shelter 1) can exhibit an auxiliary life function that complements or partially substitutes the life function of the house 201 in a non-disaster. In addition to emergency food, emergency signal lights, emergency radio wave transmitters, etc. may be installed. If it can be used as a camping trailer (travel trailer, caravan), it can also be used for outdoor use such as camping.

  Further, it is not hindered from being used as a living room, a study room for children, a karaoke room, a musical instrument practice room or the like which is not provided in the house 201. Even when the above equipment is installed, the floating shelter 3 in the shelter body 3a in the state of the disaster (including the normal user, the same applies hereinafter) is placed on the ground as shown in FIG. The total weight and the center of gravity are set so that they can float in the same posture. This is to reliably protect the victim from the rollover of the shelter body 3 when floating in water.

(Structure of the shelter body)
The preferred shelter body 3a has a three-layer structure in which a buoyant material layer 3r is sandwiched between an outer FRP layer 3p and an inner FRP layer 3q, as shown in an enlarged partial sectional view circled in FIG. . The outer side FRP layer 3p and the inner side FRP layer 3q are each made of fiber reinforced plastic, and the buoyancy material layer 3r is made of a high buoyancy material such as urethane foam. The reason why the FRP layer is doubled is to obtain a strength that can sufficiently resist the external force at the time of a disaster, and the buoyancy material layer is interposed because of some unforeseen circumstances, there is water in the shelter body 3a. This is to prevent the entire floating shelter 3 from being immediately submerged. A cushion layer (not shown) made of foamed urethane foam or the like may be further provided inside the inner FRP layer 3q. The cushion layer is for protecting a disaster victim who has fallen when the shelter body 3a sways, for example, when floating.

  On the side surface of the shelter body 3a, at least one watertight door 3d and a plurality of viewing windows 3w are provided. The watertight door 3d is a door used by a disaster victim who enters and exits the room of the shelter body 3a, and is preferably configured to open outward. The reason for the outward opening is that it is stronger against the external pressure received by the shelter body 3a when a disaster such as a tsunami is encountered compared to the inward opening. The sight glass 3w is watertightly installed with a tempered glass that is not easily broken even when a disaster is encountered, and the opposite side can be seen from inside and outside the shelter 3a. The shape of the viewing window 3w is preferably circular from the viewpoint of maintaining strength. In addition, the size of the viewing window 3w does not need to be set to the same for all of the objects including the shape, but in any case, it must be designed to have the minimum strength that can be used in the event of a disaster. is there. It is desirable that the position of each of the observation windows 3w is at a height that does not submerge due to the total amount of drainage, weight, and the like when the disaster prevention shelter 1 floats. The viewing window 3w provided on the front surface of the shelter body 3a shown in FIG. 3 is very important so that a disaster victim who wants to operate the release mechanism 11 in the shelter body 3a can see the connection mechanism 5. is there.

  Since the watertight door 3w is open outward as described above, it is assumed that the watertight door 3w cannot be opened due to water or earth and sand when it encounters drought or landslide. In preparation for such a case, the shelter body 3a is provided with an escape hatch 3h on the top plate so as to be openable and watertight. The escape hatch 3h may be provided with a structure (not shown) that is half-opened apart from the fully opened state shown in FIG. When it is possible not only during normal use but also when encountering a disaster, leave the escape hatch 3h in a half-open state to ventilate the inside of the shelter body 3, and the victims can look out and look outside Because it can. A ventilator 3k is provided next to the escape hatch 3h on the top plate of the shelter body 3a in order to prevent the escape hatch 3h from being half-opened due to rainwater, flood water, earth and sand. The ventilation device 3k may be natural ventilation or forced ventilation using a ventilation fan or the like, but it needs to have a structure that does not impair the watertight function of the shelter body 3a. It is preferable to attach a dustproof filter for preventing dust and dust from entering, a decontamination filter for preventing radiation from entering, and the like to the ventilation device 3k. This is to protect the victims from dust and radioactivity and to evacuate without damaging their health.

  A solar panel 3s for generating solar power and a plurality of fasteners 3f for hanging the floating shelter 3 are attached to the outside of the top plate of the shelter body 3a. The solar panel 3s is for supplying power to a storage battery (not shown) in the charter main body 3a by photovoltaic power generation, and the electricity stored in the storage battery is one of the lifelines of victims especially during evacuation. Become. The shape and number of the solar panels 3s can be appropriately set within a possible range. It goes without saying that the solar panel can also be installed on the side surface of the shelter body 3a. Next, there are the fasteners 3f, but in the present embodiment, there are four inverted U-shaped ones provided at the four corners of the top plate of the shelter body 3a. As shown in FIG. 7, these fasteners 3f are used to hook the suspension wire 103 and suspend the floating shelter 3 by a crane or a helicopter (both not shown) to move from the disaster area to a safe place. Used when transporting to any destination. Accordingly, each of the fasteners 3f must be strong enough to withstand the maximum weight assumed for the floating shelter 3 (including the weight of living equipment, victims, etc.).

  It is recommended that at least one lifesaving device 3e be detachably attached to the side surface of the shelter body 3a. The life-saving device 3e can be used when a disaster victim who has been in the shelter body 3a leaves when there is a drought, and can be used to rescue other disaster victims outside. Furthermore, the life preserver 3e attached to the side surface has a function of protecting the shelter body 3a from direct collision with other floating objects when floating, similarly to the tire fender for protecting the ship from collision with the quay. doing. In addition to this, although not shown, it is preferable to provide a ladder for ascending and descending on the top plate on the side surface of the shelter body 3a.

(Linked structure)
An example of the connection structure will be described with reference to FIGS. The connecting mechanism 5 prevents the engagement member 5a provided on the vehicle 101 side from releasably engaging with the engagement member 105 and the engagement member 5a engaged with the engagement member 105 from being disengaged. The movable disengagement preventing member 5b. The engaged member 105 is a thin flat plate-like member extending horizontally from the rear end of the vehicle 101, and includes an engagement hole 105h penetrating in the vertical direction. The engaging member 5a is an inverted L-shaped bar, and the vertical bar portion is inserted into the engaging hole 105h from above and engaged therewith. At this time, the engaging member 5 a is configured such that the end of the vertical bar portion slightly protrudes from the lower end of the engaged member 105. As shown in FIG. 4, the movable disengagement prevention member 5b is hinged to the chassis 3b, and when released (not connected), the open end (indicated by a solid line) facing downward is rotated. It faces in the horizontal direction (indicated by a broken line), and at this time, the disengagement is prevented by the contact or proximity of the open end of the engagement member 5a and the front end of the vertical bar portion. The reason for preventing the engagement is to prevent the engagement between the engaged member 105 and the engagement member 5a from being released due to the vertical movement during the movement. The movable disengagement prevention member 5b is biased by a spring (not shown) in the lateral direction (engagement prevention direction). Therefore, rotation of the disengagement prevention member 5b when releasing the engagement described later is performed against the force of this spring.

(Release mechanism structure)
As shown in FIG. 4, the release mechanism 11 includes an operation unit 11 a installed in the floating shelter 3 (the shelter body 3 a) and the movable disengagement prevention member 5 b in the release direction in conjunction with the operation of the operation unit 11 a. And a power transmission unit 11b to be operated. The power transmission part 11b is comprised with the brake wire, and power transmission of the operation of the operation part 11a by a disaster victim is carried out with the wire which moves the inside of a flexible tube in a length direction. The operation of the operation unit 11a by the victim is driven by the movable transmission preventing member 5b of the coupling mechanism 5 via the power transmission unit 11b, so that the movable separation blocking member 5b moves in the release direction while resisting the spring force. It is configured to rotate.

  In principle, the release mechanism 11 is driven by the operation of the disaster victim. However, for example, when a disaster such as a tsunami is encountered, the disaster victim is panicked or the floating shelter 3 floats. However, it is also assumed that the hand cannot reach the release mechanism 11. In such a case, although the disaster-proof shelter 1 tries to float but the towed vehicle 101 tries to submerge, a force in the opposite direction acts on both. Here, when the water depth of the tsunami is deeper than the height of the disaster prevention shelter 1 (if it is shallow, the submersion mechanism 11 that is not driven) may cause the disaster prevention shelter 1 to become a companion for complete submersion of the vehicle 101. In order to prevent this, the movable disengagement prevention member 5b of the release mechanism 11 is configured to rotate downward. That is, although the vehicle 101 is submerged and the disaster prevention shelter 1 is floated, there is a large positional difference between the two in the vertical direction. This difference moves downward while resisting the movable disengagement prevention member 5b against the spring force. The floating shelter 3 is released from the vehicle 101 about to be submerged and kept floating as it is (see FIG. 5).

(Configuration of chassis)
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the chassis 3b is comprised so that a shelter main body 3a can be mounted and fixed to the top, and the wheel 3t is provided below. The chassis 3b can be configured to be separated from the shelter body 3a when floating in water, but in this embodiment, the chassis 3b has a function as an underwater balancer without being separated. That is, the chassis 3b is positioned at the lower part of the shelter body 3a, so that the disaster prevention shelter 1 when floating in water is adjusted to be able to float in the same posture as when placed on the ground. This is in order to reliably protect the victim from the rollover of the disaster prevention shelter 1 when floating in the water.

(Functions and effects peculiar to the present embodiment)
With the configuration and operational effects of the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment that has been described so far, the living function of the adjacent house 201 is assisted during a non-disaster. Since it is always part of the living space, it is not disturbed and its existence is not forgotten. On the other hand, when a drought is encountered, the operation of the operation unit 11a by the disaster victim automatically releases the connection with the vehicle 101 that would be submerged if integrated, and the floating shelter 3 can float in water. become. This ensures the safety of the victims. For example, the evacuation shelter 1 floating in water can be evacuated to a safe place by being transferred by a ship 111 as shown in FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the suspension wire 103 can be suspended and moved from a crane or a helicopter. Furthermore, since the disaster prevention shelter 1 has a living infrastructure, it can be used as a temporary housing after leaving the disaster.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Disaster prevention shelter 3 Floating shelter 3a Shelter main body 3b Chassis 3d Watertight door 3e Life preserver 3f Fastener 3k Ventilator 3h Escape hatch 3p Outer FRP layer 3q Inner FRP layer 3r Buoyant material layer 3s Solar panel 3w Peeping window 5w Joint member 5b Movable detachment prevention member
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Release mechanism 11a Operation part 11b Power transmission part 101 Vehicle 103 Hanging wire 105 Engagement member 105h Engagement hole 111 Ship 201 House

(Characteristic features of claim 1)
A disaster prevention shelter according to the invention of claim 1 (hereinafter referred to as “the shelter of claim 1”) is a disaster prevention shelter installed adjacent to a house having a living function (infrastructure necessary for life), and the disaster prevention shelter Is provided with a shelter body having a door and a sight window through which a disaster victim enters and exits, and a life assistance function that complements and / or partially substitutes the living function of a house provided in the shelter body . This shelter is preferably movable by placing it on a chassis or by providing wheels.

(Characteristics of claim 2)
The disaster prevention shelter according to claim 2 (hereinafter referred to as "the shelter of claim 2") is the shelter of claim 1, wherein the disaster prevention shelter is watertight and has the same posture as when placed on the ground. It is characterized by being able to float in water without breaking the balance by setting the total weight and the position of the center of gravity so that it can float on.

(Characteristic feature of claim 3)
The disaster prevention shelter according to the invention of claim 3 (hereinafter referred to as “the shelter of claim 3”) is the shelter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the disaster prevention shelter includes a door and a viewing window through which a disaster victim enters and exits. and shelter body having, victims are provided with a living infrastructure and habitable living space as a temporary set housing which is provided in the shelter body. The life infrastructure refers to, for example, a water tank facility, a cooking facility, a sewage tank facility, an internal power source, or an external power source connection terminal. Stockpile food and drinking water can be seen as a living infrastructure.

(Characteristics of device of claim 4)
A disaster prevention shelter according to the invention of claim 4 (hereinafter referred to as "the shelter of claim 4") is the shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the disaster prevention shelter is at least partly an outer FRP layer. provided with (outer fiber-reinforced plastic layer), the inner F R P layer (inner fiber-reinforced plastic layer), the buoyancy material layer interposed between the outer FRP layer and the inner FRP layer (e.g., foamed material layer) Further, the present invention is characterized in that it is configured not to be submerged immediately even if it is submerged.

Claims (4)

It is a disaster prevention shelter that is installed adjacent to a house with a living function,
The disaster prevention shelter has a life assistance function that complements and / or partially substitutes for a living function of a house.
Disaster prevention shelter characterized by that. The disaster prevention shelter according to claim 1, wherein the disaster prevention shelter has water tightness and is configured to float in water without breaking the balance. The disaster prevention shelter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the disaster prevention shelter includes a living space and a living infrastructure in which a victim can live as a hypothetical house. The floating shelter is at least partially provided with an outer FRP layer, an inner FPP layer, and a buoyancy material layer interposed between the outer FRP layer and the inner FRP layer, and does not immediately submerge even if there is water immersion. It is comprised as follows. The disaster prevention shelter in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3 characterized by the above-mentioned.

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