JP2012224160A - Tsunami shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tsunami shelter for enabling people held therein to safely and reliably escape after tsunami goes away, without moving against the huge tsunami.SOLUTION: The tsunami shelter A includes an iron steel hollow housing 1 having an internal volume for imparting buoyancy thereto to float on water under the allowable loading weight, and watertight access closable hatches 2 provided on at least a pair of opposite faces of the housing 1 at positions on the mutually opposite sides, the farthest from around a middle point of a line connecting the center points of the opposite faces. One closable hatch 2 is upside independently of how attitude the tsunami shelter A rests in, to enable safe escape even when the downside closable hatch 2 is sunk into mud or water.

Description

  The present invention relates to a tsunami shelter for temporarily evacuating a person when a tsunami occurs due to an earthquake until the tsunami is pulled.

  Japan is one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world, and the reality is that there are many victims who lose their precious lives due to earthquakes every year. Earthquakes suddenly occur without warning, instantly destroying countless houses, roads, bridges, harbors, etc., and trapping many people in rubble. Then, the fire broke out from the collapsed house and burned up one side. If an earthquake is huge and its epicenter is on the sea floor, it will cause a big tsunami, and the destructive power of this huge tsunami will easily destroy even a tremendously solid breakwater, and it will land on the coastal area with the destroyed structure. The structure is destroyed, and the rubble of the building is uprooted and dragged into the sea.

  For such tsunamis, there is nothing but to evacuate to evacuation facilities such as schools and public halls on the hills designated in advance by the local government by the tsunami attack warning, but from the occurrence of the earthquake to the first tsunami attack. The time is very short, and the second and third waves are repeated several times, so there is little room to escape to a safe place, and a momentary decision delay will cause disaster. In particular, if the evacuation facility is away from the shore, residents near the shore will not be able to evacuate in time and will be caught in a tsunami.

  Even if you are saved by a tsunami and you are barely saved by clinging to a suspended matter, the tsunami in the winter will die in the cold if it takes time to be rescued.

  In view of such circumstances, if it is not enough to evacuate to a safe place, a tsunami shelter for temporary evacuation will be attached to the facility for tsunami evacuation near your home or village meeting place or near the coast. It is desirable to take action after obtaining information such as radio, etc.

  Patent Documents 1 to 3 have been proposed as family tsunami shelters against such earthquakes and tsunamis. The shelter described in Patent Document 1 is provided with a tsunami shelter for temporary evacuation if it is not in time for evacuation to a safe place. It is intended to be able to act after that. To that end, it will not flow even if swallowed by a large wave, ensure that air for breathing humans is secured, firmly fixed on the ground, the entrance and exit Airtight structure that can be sealed, especially tsunamis are shorter in duration than other disasters and usually draw in a few minutes, so the structure seems as simple and inexpensive as possible I am proposing something. However, the destructive power of a large tsunami that exceeds expectations is more than imagined, and since it repeatedly attacks, there is a risk of being submerged or buried in earth and sand or rubble if it is fixed on the ground is there.

  The shelter disclosed in Patent Document 2 is a tsunami shelter device that is installed on the foundation ground and floats when a tsunami arrives. The shelter is composed of an evacuation chamber formed in the upper part and a buoyancy chamber formed in the lower part. And a connecting rope connected between the outer surface of the housing and the foundation ground, and the length of the connecting rope is based on the expected tsunami water level. It is set to be at least long and the center of gravity of the housing is located below the buoyancy position of the housing, but the tsunami is not just a huge seawater but also a large amount of earth and sand rolled up from the seabed Naturally, these rubble entangled with connecting ropes connected to the foundation ground, and the evacuation room is instantly pulled into the sea with the people who have been housed. It is expected by the high probability that crowded, not a thorough if there is a risk of submersion.

  The shelter described in Patent Document 3 is partly attached to the house and constitutes a part of the house, and can enter and exit from the house. The shelter is sealed at the same time as the shelter is separated from the house by the separating means, and floats on the water in a state separated from the house. However, in this case as well, as in Patent Document 2, since it is connected to the house by a link in a separated state, naturally, when a large tsunami exceeding the link length rushes, it will be submerged, rubble will be entangled or shocking It is expected that it will collide with the link and destroy it, and at the same time drag it into the sea.

JP-A-10-159388 JP2008-74385 JP2007-277998

  In the long span of hundreds or thousands of years, earthquakes and tsunamis caused by the movement of huge continental plates occur on a scale far beyond human knowledge and imagination. To prepare for such a disaster, it must not be fixed, and the tsunami shelter must be able to withstand flexibly at any scale and in any situation. The present invention has been made to cope with such a problem, so that no matter how large the tsunami is, the person who accommodated it after the tsunami can escape safely and surely without resisting the tsunami. Development of a tsunami shelter is a challenge.

The tsunami shelter (A) according to claim 1 is:
A hollow steel body (1) having an internal volume that imparts buoyancy to float on water under an allowable load weight; and
A water-tight opening / closing hatch (2) for entering and exiting at least one pair of facing surfaces of the housing (1) provided at the farthest positions opposite to each other centering on the midpoint of the line connecting the center points of the facing surfaces; It is characterized by comprising.

  The tsunami shelter (A) according to claim 2 is characterized in that “the housing (1) is provided with at least one window (3) fitted with a pressure-resistant transparent body”.

  Claim 3 is the tsunami shelter (A) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein “the internal pressure adjusting portion (4) for adjusting the internal pressure in the housing (1) is further provided on the wall surface of the housing (1)”. Features.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the tsunami shelter (A) according to any one of the first to third aspects, “a component surface (1a) of the housing (1) is partitioned inside to form a plurality of independent spaces (R). It is a heavy wall.

  A fifth aspect is characterized in that, in addition to the tsunami shelter (A) according to the first to fourth aspects, a hollow buoyancy auxiliary tank (6) is further provided on the outer surface of the housing (1).

  The sixth aspect is a further addition to the tsunami shelter (A) of the first to fifth aspects, and is characterized in that “the inner surface of the housing (1) is covered with a heat insulating material (8)”.

  The open / close hatch (2) of the tsunami shelter (A) according to the present invention is located at the farthest positions on the opposite sides of the pair of opposing surfaces of the housing (1) centering on the midpoint of the line connecting the center points of the opposing surfaces. Even if the tsunami shelter (A) lays down, falls over, or touches the ground in other postures or floats on the sea after the tsunami has left, either of the open / close hatches (2) Even if the lower open / close hatch (2) is submerged in the mud or the sea, the upper open / close hatch (2) can be opened and closed to escape from the housing (1).

  Also, since the housing (1) has a buoyancy that floats on water with an allowable load weight, even if the water level suddenly rises during the tsunami, the tsunami shelter (A) also rises as the water level rises, and the tsunami is mixed with suspended matter. Moving. At this time, since the open / close hatch (2) is watertight, once it is closed, there is no intrusion of water from the outside. Moreover, when the tsunami shelter (A) moves while shaking with the tsunami, it may collide violently with drifting objects, but since the entire surface is made of steel, it will not be damaged by such collision.

  The tsunami shelter (A) is provided with a window (3) fitted with a pressure-resistant transparent material such as pressure-resistant glass or pressure-resistant plastics as necessary. A person accommodated in the shelter (A) can know the external situation through this window (3). In addition, the housing (1) is provided with an internal pressure adjusting section (4) that adjusts the internal pressure as necessary.When the internal pressure rises, it is released and released to the outside so that the internal pressure does not increase excessively. I have to.

  If the component surface (1a) of the housing (1) of the tsunami shelter (A) is divided into a hollow double wall composed of a plurality of independent spaces (R), it is assumed that a highly rigid floating substance Even if it violently collides and breaks the outer wall (11a), water can enter only the torn part of the independent space (R), and the buoyancy itself is secured by the inner volume of the steel housing (1). Therefore, the buoyancy is not greatly impaired and does not flow into the housing (1), so that the contained person is not harmed and is safe.

  If a hollow buoyancy auxiliary tank (6) is further provided on the outer surface of the housing (1), this will coincide with the water's water line. Since it is a buoyancy auxiliary tank (6) and is not a component surface of the housing (1), even if it is damaged, water will not enter the housing (1) and will not sink as described above. . In addition, if the inner surface of the housing (1) is covered with the heat insulating material (8), even if the tsunami shelter (A) drifts on the sea for a long time in the winter, cold air does not enter the interior and is contained. You can protect yourself from the cold that people cannot tolerate.

The top view of 1st Example of the tsunami shelter based on this invention Front view of FIG. Partial sectional view of a second embodiment of a tsunami shelter according to the present invention Partial sectional view of FIG. Partial front view of the third embodiment of the tsunami shelter according to the present invention Left side view of FIG.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment of the present invention. The housing (1) may be a hollow body that can accommodate people and emergency evacuation materials. For example, a rectangular hollow body (with two sides having the same length in plan view and a high height) Hollow cuboids of different lengths (that is, higher or lower) (of course, they are not shown, but may be hollow cuboids having different lengths on all three sides or hollow cubes having the same length on all three sides), or these are not shown. An open / close hatch that allows a person to enter and exit from the ceiling and bottom surfaces (or side surfaces) or opposing side surfaces, which are a pair of opposing surfaces, in a box made of a steel welded structure in the shape of a hollow disc, hollow cylinder, or hollow frustum (2) The position of the open / close hatch (2) will be described later.

  The housing (1) may be windowless or may be provided with at least one window (3) fitted with a pressure-resistant transparent body. When there is no window, the outside situation is not visible from inside the housing (1), so when the information that the tsunami has stopped is obtained by radio or mobile phone, or a certain degree of safety is felt through the wall of the housing (1) Will open the open / close hatch (2).

  The window (3) has a structure in which a pressure-resistant transparent body such as pressure-resistant glass or pressure-resistant plastic is fitted, and a packing (not shown) is inserted so that water does not enter from the outside. The external situation can be seen through 3). Although the number of windows (3) may be one as described above, one or more windows may be provided on the ceiling surface and the floor surface, or one or more on the surface constituting the housing (1). A pressure-resistant transparent body is used that has a thickness and strength that will not damage even if a suspended object collides directly.

  Similarly, the opening (2b) including the doorway, the emergency outlet (10), and the window (3) are provided with a packing so that water does not enter from the outside in the closed state.

  In addition, an internal pressure adjusting unit (4) that does not allow entry of water from the outside and releases the internal pressure, for example, an openable / closable through hole or a pressure valve, is installed as necessary. In the case of a through-hole that can be opened and closed, a plug (for example, screwing a bolt) that can be attached to and detached from the through-hole is provided. If the internal pressure adjustment section (4) is not provided, the internal air cannot be replaced, so it will be used for a short period of several hours.

  The internal volume of the housing (1) is large enough to accommodate the number of family members, the number of spares, and equipment for family use. It has a size that can be accommodated, and has an internal volume that floats sufficiently in water under an allowable load weight that exceeds the total weight of the accommodated person or item. The thickness of the plate is such that it can withstand the impact of floating objects that are approached when a tsunami strikes. For example, a steel plate of about 10 mm is selected. The housing (1) has a welded structure in which steel plates are welded, and a large one is not shown, but ribs are provided vertically and horizontally. It is possible to provide a rib even for a small size in order to improve the strength.

  The inner surface of the housing (1) may be exposed as a steel plate, but it is preferable to form a heat insulating layer with a heat insulating material (8) on the inner surface. For disasters in winter and summer, it is possible to improve the comfort of the housing (1) during evacuation by shutting off cool air and hot air.

  The housing (1) is a hollow body as described above, and it is sufficient that a person or an emergency evacuation material is loaded therein. The shape of the housing (1) is not limited, but the shape is as described above because it is made of steel. In such a shape, the position where the opening / closing hatch (2) is provided is farthest on the opposite sides of at least one pair of facing surfaces of the housing (1) centering on the midpoint of the line connecting the center points of the facing surfaces. It will be a position. That is, when the housing (1) is a rectangular hollow body, the ceiling surface and the bottom surface or the opposite side surfaces are a pair of opposed surfaces of the housing (1), and the center of the line connecting the center points of these surfaces is the center. The farthest positions on the opposite sides of each other are the opposite corner portions on the diagonal line of the opposing surface. In that case, it is preferable to provide in the corner part of the opposite side on the diagonal of an opposing surface.

  When the housing (1) has a hollow disk shape or a hollow cylindrical shape, the opposite side surfaces of the circular ceiling surface and bottom surface or curved side surface are a pair of opposing surfaces of the housing (1), and the center points of these surfaces are The farthest position on the opposite side with respect to the midpoint of the connecting line is a position that is point-symmetric with respect to the midpoint.

  When the housing (1) has a hollow truncated cone shape, the size of the ceiling surface and the bottom surface is different, so it cannot be said that it is point-symmetrical, but it is opposite to each other around the midpoint of the line connecting the center points of these surfaces , That is, the peripheral portions of the ceiling surface and the bottom surface at positions opposite to each other about the midpoint. The opposite side surface is also the same, and it is a position close to the ceiling surface and the bottom surface at positions opposite to each other about the midpoint.

  In the above position, after the tsunami has passed, any surface of the tsunami shelter (A) is separated from the ground surface regardless of the grounding posture, and one open / close hatch (2) is located on the ground side. Even if it cannot be opened, the other is on the upper side, so it can be opened reliably.

  One end of the opening / closing hatch (2) is attached to a hinge (2a) provided in the vicinity of the opening / closing opening (2b), and a lock device (12) is provided at the other end. The locking device (12) may be anything that satisfies the watertight condition when the open / close hatch (2) is closed.When the door is closed, the lock device (12) is locked by the lock portion (12b) of the open / close lever (12a). Has been. If the lock lever (12b) is unlocked by turning the opening / closing lever (12a), the door can be opened outward. Although not shown, the tsunami shelter (A) may be buried in the rubble due to the grounding situation after the tsunami, so it cannot be opened outward. You may leave it open. In addition, remove the fastener (10a) such as a bolt from the inside for emergency use, open the emergency cover (10b) from the inside with the handle (10c) on the inside, and open the emergency exit (10). Also good. The emergency exit (10) is preferably provided at the opposite corner of the opposite surface on the opposite side of the opening / closing hatch (2) as in the opening / closing hatch (2).

  When the tsunami shelter (A) is particularly large, a step (9) leading to the open / close hatch (2) is provided on the outer and inner surfaces of the housing (1).

  3 and 4 show the second embodiment, in which the tsunami shelter (A) is constructed with the outer wall (11a) and the inner wall (11b) between the outer wall (11a) and the inner wall (11b). This is a case where a plurality of partition walls (11c) constituting a double wall are formed. Not only does the double wall increase buoyancy, but also when a tsunami hits the floating object, even if a hole is opened in a part of the outer wall (11a), the intrusion of water is an independent space (R ) And the ingress of water into the room is completely prevented.

  5 and 6 show a third embodiment in which a hollow buoyancy auxiliary tank (6) is further provided on the outer surface of the housing (1) in which the open / close hatch (2) is formed on the upper and lower surfaces. The buoyancy auxiliary tank (6) shown in the figure is semi-cylindrical and is provided over the entire length in the center part of the opposite side surfaces of the housing (1), and a plurality of independent spaces (R) are formed by the partition walls. Of course, although not shown, the open / close hatch (2) may be formed on the same surface as the buoyancy auxiliary tank (6). In addition, the figure shows an example in which the buoyancy auxiliary tank (6) is provided in the single-walled tsunami shelter (A). In addition, the buoyancy auxiliary tank (6) shows only two surfaces facing each other, but may be formed over four surfaces. Note that grounding legs (15) are formed on the bottom and top corners of the tsunami shelter (A). Further, although not shown in the figure, an old tire may be hung on the entire surface except for the window (3) or on the outer surface of the tsunami shelter (A) to prevent impact.

  Other items available for tsunami shelter (A) include oxygen cylinders (or compressed air cylinders), foodstuffs, water, flashlights, sleeping bags, etc., drugs, light bullets, radios, batteries, and other emergency evacuation equipment These are fixed so that they do not move or scatter in the room when the tsunami shelter (A) is swallowed by the tsunami and rocks violently.

  Such a tsunami shelter (A) of the present invention is placed on a vacant land such as a garden in the case of family use. In the case of a large area, it is installed in a place that is easy to see, such as a public hall or meeting place.

  Next, the evacuation / use method to the tsunami shelter (A) of the present invention will be described below. If there is a risk of a tsunami due to an earthquake, etc., it is most preferable to evacuate to a hill, etc. in time with the alarm, but if it is not in time, use step (9) to create a tsunami shelter (A ), Unlock the locking device (12), open the open / close hatch (2), and enter the interior. Close and lock the open / close hatch (2) after confirming that everyone has been accommodated. This makes it possible to evacuate quickly inside the tsunami shelter (A). After evacuating inside the tsunami shelter (A), wait for the tsunami to come.

  When a tsunami hits the house, the house is instantly destroyed and turned into rubble by its powerful destructive power. The debris rides on the tsunami and unites with seawater to attack the tsunami shelter (A). Since the tsunami shelter (A) is only placed on the ground, it rises due to the tsunami, is pushed into the land side with the tsunami, and then flows out to the sea with the tsunami pulling if it remains floating. After repeated attacks several times, it calmed down and the tsunami shelter (A) was launched on land or drifted on the sea. During this time, the contained person waits for relief using the loaded emergency evacuation equipment. When the air of the tsunami shelter (A) becomes dirty, oxygen is supplied by opening the oxygen cylinder or the compressed air cylinder. As a result, if the internal pressure increases, air is released from the internal pressure adjusting section (4) to maintain an appropriate internal pressure.

  Fortunately, if it is launched to the land, it will escape by opening the part facing upward with one of the opening and closing hatches (2). If the tsunami shelter (A) is buried in rubble and the opening and closing hatch (2) cannot be opened, remove the bolt (10a) of the emergency exit (10) in the position where it can escape from the inside, Remove 10b) from the inside. If that is not possible, contact the outside with a mobile phone.

  If you are floating on the sea, you will need to rescue yourself by using your mobile phone or waiting for rescue, or by opening an appropriate open / close hatch (2) and launching rescue balloons, flags, or light bullets.

(A) Tsunami shelter
(R) Independent space
(1) Housing
(1a) Housing surface
(2) Open / close hatch
(2a) Hinge
(2b) Opening
(3) Windows
(4) Internal pressure adjustment section
(6) Buoyancy auxiliary tank
(8) Thermal insulation
(9) Step
(10) Emergency exit
(10a) Bolt
(11a) Emergency lid
(11b) Exterior wall
(11c) Inner wall
(12) Partition wall
(12a) Locking device
(12b) Open / close lever

Claims (6)

A hollow steel housing having an internal volume that provides buoyancy to float on water under an allowable load weight; and
At least one pair of facing surfaces of the housing is configured with a watertight opening / closing hatch for entering and exiting that is provided at the farthest position on the opposite side with respect to the midpoint of the line connecting the center points of the facing surfaces. The described tsunami shelter.   The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, wherein at least one window in which the pressure-resistant transparent body is fitted is provided in the housing.   The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, wherein an inner pressure adjusting portion for adjusting an inner pressure in the housing is further provided on a wall surface of the housing.   The tsunami shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a constituent surface of the housing is a hollow double wall that is partitioned inside to form a plurality of independent spaces.   The tsunami shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a hollow buoyancy auxiliary tank is further provided on the outer surface of the housing.   The tsunami shelter according to claim 1, wherein an inner surface of the housing is covered with a heat insulating material.

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