JP3187204U - Evacuation shelter - Google Patents

Abstract

A movable evacuation shelter is provided to enable more reliable evacuation in the event of an earthquake, flood, or the like.
SOLUTION: An evacuation shelter 1, a movable floating shelter 3, a connecting structure 5 for releasably connecting a vehicle 101 for towing the floating shelter, and the connecting structure are at least the floating shelter. And a release mechanism for operating and releasing inside. Evacuees in the floating shelter can operate the release mechanism while they are there, so they can evacuate safely and reliably because they do not have to go outside during evacuation.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation shelter for evacuating victims from disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and tsunamis.

  A new disaster in memory is the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011. Human life has been lost because of the underlayment of roofs that have collapsed and buried in landslides. The tsunami caused by the earthquake killed many people. It was also recognized that there was a need for measures to protect themselves from accidents at nuclear power plants.

  An earthquake to prevent sacrificing by being crushed by a collapsed house and dying from suffocation under a fallen object such as a house or debris when such an earthquake occurs As a countermeasure device, for example, a movable shelter disclosed in Patent Document 1 (hereinafter referred to as “conventional movable shelter”) is known.

  A conventional movable shelter includes a chassis and a shelter that is detachably mounted on the chassis. The shelter is provided with an operation bolt that penetrates the ceiling, and a pantograph-like locking body is provided on the ceiling in a folded state. The operation bolt is for an evacuee in the shelter to operate and extend the locking body upward. The reason for extending the locking body is to hook the fastener suspended from the helicopter and lift the shelter separated from the chassis to evacuate the evacuees to a safe place together with the shelter. Although the chassis and the shelter are separable, Patent Document 1 does not disclose a specific structure thereof.

  On the other hand, the floating shelter proposed by the applicant is designed for the case where the shelter is submerged, as well as for landslides and house collapses, so that the evacuees inside are not upside down when floating underwater. It is equipped with a posture correction structure. The floating shelter provided with this posture correcting structure (hereinafter referred to as “conventional floating shelter”) is an installation type and is not movable (Patent Document 2).

JP 2006-328912 A (refer to paragraphs 0016, 0025, 0028, 0029, 0044, 0045, FIGS. 1, 14, and 15) Utility Model Registration No. 3180913 (see paragraphs 0021 and 0022, FIGS. 2 and 3)

  However, even though the conventional movable shelter can be lifted upward by a helicopter, there is a difficulty when it is swept away by a tsunami after an earthquake and submerged. As described above, the mechanism for separating the chassis and the shelter is not included in Patent Document 1, and means for solving this problem has been desired. In addition, the conventional floating shelter is not movable, although it is submerged by floating.

  Therefore, the present invention has been devised to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is a movable evacuation shelter that enables more reliable evacuation when earthquakes, floods, etc. occur alone or in combination. The purpose is to provide.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, this proposal has the following configuration. In addition, the definition of terms used in the description of the device described in any claim is within the scope of the present invention and is applicable to the device described in other claims regardless of the description order. Shall be.

(Characteristic features of claim 1)
An evacuation shelter according to claim 1 (hereinafter referred to as "the shelter of claim 1") is a movable floating shelter and a connection for releasably connecting to a vehicle for towing the floating shelter. A structure and a release mechanism for operating and releasing the connection structure at least inside the floating shelter are provided.

  According to the evacuation shelter of claim 1, the vehicle can be easily moved by towing the vehicle. The connection between the floating shelter and the vehicle depends on the function of the connection structure. The connection of the connection structure can be released from the floating shelter by the action of the release mechanism. For this reason, for example, when the floating shelter is likely to be submerged if it encounters a tsunami and remains connected to the vehicle, the evacuees in the floating shelter can release the connection with the vehicle while being inside. Since the detached floating shelter can float underwater by its own floating ability, it greatly contributes to the safety of evacuees. The connection release is not limited to when there is a risk of being submerged, and can be used for connection release during normal use, such as when it is necessary to use only the vehicle after it has been used for movement. It should be noted that the release of the connection does not prevent the operation from being performed together outside the floating shelter. In addition, although the towing vehicle is submerged, the floating shelter floats, causing a large positional difference between the two in the vertical direction. A mechanism that automatically releases the connection between the two using this difference. Can also be added.

(Characteristics of claim 2)
The shelter for evacuation (hereinafter referred to as “the shelter of claim 2”) according to the invention of claim 2 is the shelter of claim 1, wherein the connection structure includes an engaged member provided on the vehicle side. An engagement member provided on the floating shelter side and a movable disengagement prevention member, the movable disengagement prevention member configured to prevent disengagement of the engagement member from the engaged member, The release mechanism includes an operation unit installed in the floating shelter and a power transmission unit that moves the movable disengagement prevention member in the release direction in conjunction with the operation of the operation unit. It is configured that the connection of the connection structure can be released by the movement in the release direction of the movable retaining engagement member accompanying the operation.

  According to the shelter of claim 2, in addition to the function and effect of the shelter of claim 1, the structure for releasing the connection can be made extremely simple. A power transmission part can be comprised by things like a brake wire which a wire slides in a length direction within a flexible tube, for example. If one end of the brake wire is interlocked with the operation part inside the floating shelter and the other end is connected to the movable disengagement prevention member, the operation of the operation part can be transmitted to the movable disengagement prevention member.

(Characteristic feature of claim 3)
The shelter for evacuation according to the invention of claim 3 (hereinafter referred to as “the shelter of claim 3”) is the shelter of claim 1 or 2, wherein the floating shelter includes a top plate, and the top plate includes An escape hatch is provided.

  According to the shelter of claim 3, in addition to the function and effect of the shelter of claim 1, the evacuees in the floating shelter can escape from the escape hatch onto the top plate of the floating shelter as necessary. When floating in water, even if there is an entrance on the side of the floating shelter, it cannot be opened due to water pressure. Moreover, even if it is a case where it can be opened, it cannot be opened when water immersion is caused. In such a case, since the dehydrating hatch is located on the water, it can be opened, and even if it is opened, it will not be submerged. Thus, the evacuees can safely escape from the floating shelter.

(Characteristics of device of claim 4)
The shelter for evacuation according to the invention of claim 4 (hereinafter referred to as "the shelter of claim 4") is the shelter of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the floating shelter is at least partially outside FRP. A layer (outer fiber reinforced plastic layer), an inner FPP layer (inner fiber reinforced plastic layer), and a buoyancy material layer (for example, a foam material layer) interposed between the outer FRP layer and the inner FRP layer, It is characterized in that it is configured not to be submerged immediately even if it is submerged.

  According to the floating shelter of claim 4, the strength is improved by the double FRP layer in addition to the function and effect of the shelter of any of claims 1 to 3. In addition, the buoyancy material layer completely prevents or delays submergence during water immersion. This can ensure the safety of evacuees.

  According to the shelter for evacuation according to this plan, when earthquakes, floods, etc. occur alone or in combination, it is possible to evacuate more reliably while being movable. Specifically, since it is a movable system, for example, it is possible to move and evacuate each floating shelter by towing the vehicle before reaching the tsunami, and even if it is submerged or suspended in water, it can be Separation and evacuation is possible, so it is possible to avoid submersion of the vehicle and the vehicle. These can be combined to realize more reliable evacuation.

It is a side view of the shelter for evacuation towed by a vehicle. It is a top view of the shelter for evacuation shown in FIG. It is a rear view of the shelter for evacuation shown in FIG. It is a side view for demonstrating a connection mechanism and a cancellation | release mechanism. It is a side view which shows a mode that a vehicle is submerged and the shelter for evacuation floats. It is a side view which shows a mode that the shelter for evacuation which floats underwater is towed by a ship. It is a side view which shows the shelter for evacuation of the state suspended.

  Hereinafter, a form for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “this embodiment” as appropriate) will be described with reference to the drawings.

(Schematic structure of evacuation shelter)
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an evacuation shelter 1 according to the present embodiment (hereinafter referred to as “evacuation shelter 1” as appropriate) includes a floating shelter 3, a connection structure 5, and a release mechanism 11 (FIG. 4). It is equipped with. The floating shelter 3 is connected to the vehicle 101 cited by the connection structure 5. The connection of the connection structure 5 is configured to be released by the release mechanism 11.

(Schematic structure of floating shelter)
The floating shelter 3 is composed of a shelter body 3a configured to be watertight as a whole and a chassis 3b on which the shelter body 3a is placed and fixed, and is movable and capable of floating in water. The shape and size of the shelter body 3a is not limited as long as it is within the scope of the present invention, but in the present embodiment, the shelter body 3a is formed in a horizontally long rectangular parallelepiped shape with rounded sides. The reason for the roundness is that the strength of the shelter body 3a is easily maintained. In addition, the selection of a horizontally long rectangular parallelepiped shape is omitted in this embodiment, but for example, a camping trailer (by installing equipment necessary for life such as a bed, dining table, kitchen, toilet, shower, etc.) This is so that it can be used as a travel trailer or caravan. In addition to emergency food, emergency signal lights, emergency radio wave transmitters, etc. may be installed. Not only for outdoor activities such as camping, but also for use as a living room, a study room for children, a karaoke room, a musical instrument practice room, etc. at home. Even when the above equipment is installed, the floating shelter 3 in the shelter body 3a (including the normal user, the same applies hereinafter) is placed on the ground as shown in FIG. The total weight and the center of gravity are set so that they can float in the same posture. This is to protect the evacuees from the rollover of the shelter body 3 when floating in water.

(Structure of the shelter body)
The preferred shelter body 3a has a three-layer structure in which a buoyant material layer 3r is sandwiched between an outer FRP layer 3p and an inner FRP layer 3q, as shown in an enlarged partial sectional view circled in FIG. . The outer side FRP layer 3p and the inner side FRP layer 3q are each made of fiber reinforced plastic, and the buoyancy material layer 3r is made of a high buoyancy material such as urethane foam. The reason why the FRP layer is doubled is to obtain a strength that can sufficiently resist the external force at the time of a disaster, and the buoyancy material layer is interposed because of some unforeseen circumstances, there is water in the shelter body 3a. This is to prevent the entire floating shelter 3 from being immediately submerged. A cushion layer (not shown) made of foamed urethane foam or the like may be further provided inside the inner FRP layer 3q. A cushion layer is for protecting the evacuee who fell when the shelter main body 3a shook, for example at the time of floating.

  On the side surface of the shelter body 3a, at least one watertight door 3d and a plurality of viewing windows 3w are provided. The watertight door 3d is a door used by evacuees who enter and exit the room of the shelter body 3a, and is preferably configured to open outward. The reason for the outward opening is that it is stronger against the external pressure received by the shelter body 3a when a disaster such as a tsunami is encountered compared to the inward opening. The sight glass 3w is watertightly installed with a tempered glass that is not easily broken even when a disaster is encountered, and the opposite side can be seen from inside and outside the shelter 3a. The shape of the viewing window 3w is preferably circular from the viewpoint of maintaining strength. In addition, the size of the viewing window 3w does not need to be set to the same for all of the objects including the shape, but in any case, it must be designed to have the minimum strength that can be used in the event of a disaster. is there. It is desirable that the position of each of the viewing windows 3w is at a height at which the evacuation shelter 1 is not submerged from the relationship with the total drainage amount, weight, and the like when the shelter 1 for evacuation floats. The viewing window 3w provided on the front surface of the shelter body 3a shown in FIG. 3 is very important in order for the evacuees who want to operate the release mechanism 11 in the shelter body 3a to see the connection mechanism 5. is there.

  Since the watertight door 3w is open outward as described above, it is assumed that the watertight door 3w cannot be opened due to water or earth and sand when it encounters drought or landslide. In preparation for such a case, the shelter body 3a is provided with an escape hatch 3h on the top plate so as to be openable and watertight. The escape hatch 3h may be provided with a structure (not shown) that is half-opened apart from the fully opened state shown in FIG. When it is possible not only during normal use but also when encountering a disaster, if the escape hatch 3h is left in a half-open state, the inside of the shelter body 3 can be ventilated, and the evacuees can look out and look outside. Because it can. A ventilator 3k is provided next to the escape hatch 3h on the top plate of the shelter body 3a in order to prevent the escape hatch 3h from being half-opened due to rainwater, flood water, earth and sand. The ventilation device 3k may be natural ventilation or forced ventilation using a ventilation fan or the like, but it needs to have a structure that does not impair the watertight function of the shelter body 3a. It is preferable to attach a dustproof filter for preventing dust and dust from entering, a decontamination filter for preventing radiation from entering, and the like to the ventilation device 3k. This is to protect evacuees from dust and radioactivity, and to evacuate without damaging their health.

  A solar panel 3s for generating solar power and a plurality of fasteners 3f for hanging the floating shelter 3 are attached to the outside of the top plate of the shelter body 3a. The solar panel 3s is for supplying power to a storage battery (not shown) in the charter main body 3a by photovoltaic power generation. Become. The shape and number of the solar panels 3s can be appropriately set within a possible range. It goes without saying that the solar panel can also be installed on the side surface of the shelter body 3a. Next, there are the fasteners 3f, but in the present embodiment, there are four inverted U-shaped ones provided at the four corners of the top plate of the shelter body 3a. As shown in FIG. 7, these fasteners 3f are used to hook the suspension wire 103 and suspend the floating shelter 3 by a crane or a helicopter (both not shown) to move from the disaster area to a safe place. Used when transporting to any destination. Accordingly, each of the fasteners 3f must be strong enough to withstand the maximum weight assumed for the floating shelter 3 (including the weight of living equipment, evacuees, etc.).

  It is recommended that at least one lifesaving device 3e be detachably attached to the side surface of the shelter body 3a. The life-saving device 3a can be used when an evacuee who is in the shelter body 3a leaves when it encounters a drought, and can be used for rescue of other evacuees who are outside. Furthermore, the life preserver 3e attached to the side surface has a function of protecting the shelter body 3a from direct collision with other floating objects when floating, similarly to the tire fender for protecting the ship from collision with the quay. doing. In addition to this, although not shown, it is preferable to provide a ladder for ascending and descending on the top plate on the side surface of the shelter body 3a.

(Linked structure)
An example of the connection structure will be described with reference to FIGS. The connecting mechanism 5 prevents the engagement member 5a provided on the vehicle 101 side from releasably engaging with the engagement member 105 and the engagement member 5a engaged with the engagement member 105 from being disengaged. The movable disengagement preventing member 5b. The engaged member 105 is a thin flat plate-like member extending horizontally from the rear end of the vehicle 101, and includes an engagement hole 105h penetrating in the vertical direction. The engaging member 5a is an inverted L-shaped bar, and the vertical bar portion is inserted into the engaging hole 105h from above and engaged therewith. At this time, the engaging member 5 a is configured such that the end of the vertical bar portion slightly protrudes from the lower end of the engaged member 105. As shown in FIG. 4, the movable disengagement prevention member 5b is hinged to the chassis 3b, and when released (not connected), the open end (indicated by a solid line) facing downward is rotated. It faces in the horizontal direction (indicated by a broken line), and at this time, the disengagement is prevented by the contact or proximity of the open end of the engagement member 5a and the front end of the vertical bar portion. The reason for preventing the engagement is to prevent the engagement between the engaged member 105 and the engagement member 5a from being released due to the vertical movement during the movement. The movable disengagement prevention member 5b is biased by a spring (not shown) in the lateral direction (engagement prevention direction). Therefore, rotation of the disengagement prevention member 5b when releasing the engagement described later is performed against the force of this spring.

(Release mechanism structure)
As shown in FIG. 4, the release mechanism 11 includes an operation unit 11 a installed in the floating shelter 3 (the shelter body 3 a) and the movable disengagement prevention member 5 b in the release direction in conjunction with the operation of the operation unit 11 a. And a power transmission unit 11b to be operated. The power transmission unit 11b is configured by a brake wire, and the operation of the operation unit 11a by the evacuees is transmitted by the wire moving in the length direction in the flexible tube. The operation of the operation unit 11a by the evacuees becomes power and drives the movable disengagement prevention member 5b of the coupling mechanism 5 via the power transmission unit 11b, whereby the movable disengagement prevention member 5b moves in the release direction while resisting the spring force. It is configured to rotate.

  In principle, the release mechanism 11 is driven by the operation of the refugee. However, for example, when a wreck such as a tsunami is encountered, the refugee inside is panicked or the refugee is suspended due to the floating shelter 3 floating. However, it is also assumed that the hand cannot reach the release mechanism 11. In such a case, the evacuating shelter 1 is about to float, but the towing vehicle 101 is about to be submerged. Here, if the water depth of the tsunami is deeper than the height of the shelter 1 for evacuation (it is not completely submerged if it is shallow), the release mechanism 11 that is not driven may cause the shelter 1 for evacuation to become a companion for complete submersion of the vehicle 101. In order to prevent this, the movable disengagement prevention member 5b of the release mechanism 11 is configured to rotate downward. That is, although the vehicle 101 is submerged, the evacuation shelter 1 floats to cause a large positional difference between the two in the vertical direction. By rotating downward, the engagement is automatically released, so that the floating shelter 3 is released from the vehicle 101 to be submerged and continues to float as it is (see FIG. 5).

(Configuration of chassis)
As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the chassis 3b is comprised so that a shelter main body 3a can be mounted and fixed to the top, and the wheel 3t is provided below. The chassis 3 can be configured to be separated from the shelter body 3a when floating in water, but in this embodiment, the chassis 3 has a function as an underwater balancer without being separated. In other words, the chassis 3a is positioned below the shelter body 3a, thereby adjusting the evacuation shelter 1 when floating underwater so that it can float in the same posture as when placed on the ground. This is to protect the evacuees from the rollover of the evacuation shelter 1 when floating in the water.

(Functions and effects peculiar to the present embodiment)
When the evacuation system 1 encounters a drought due to the configuration and operational effects of the evacuation shelter 1 according to the present embodiment described so far, it may be integrated automatically in some cases by the operation of the operation unit 11a by the refugee. In this case, the connection with the vehicle 101 that will be submerged is released, and the floating shelter 3 can float in the water. This ensures the safety of the evacuees. The urine shelter 1 floating in the water can evacuate the evacuee to a safe place by being transferred by the ship 111 as shown in FIG. 6, for example. Further, as shown in FIG. 7, the suspension wire 103 can be suspended and moved from a crane or a helicopter.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Evacuation shelter 3 Floating shelter 3a Shelter main body 3b Chassis 3d Watertight door 3e Life preserver 3f Fastening 3k Ventilator 3h Escape hatch 3p Outer FRP layer 3q Inner FRP layer 3r Buoyant material layer 3s Solar panel 3w Peeping window 5w Engagement member 5b movable disengagement prevention member
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Release mechanism 11a Operation part 11b Power transmission part here 101 Vehicle 103 Hanging wire 105 Engaged member 105h Engagement hole 111 Ship

Claims (4)

A movable floating shelter,
A connection structure for releasably connecting to a vehicle for towing the floating shelter;
An evacuation shelter comprising: a release mechanism for operating and releasing the connection structure at least inside the floating shelter. The connection structure includes an engaged member provided on the vehicle side, an engaging member provided on the floating shelter side, and a movable disengagement preventing member.
The movable disengagement preventing member is configured to prevent disengagement of the engagement member with respect to the engaged member;
The release mechanism includes an operation unit installed in the floating shelter and a power transmission unit that moves the movable disengagement prevention member in a release direction in conjunction with the operation of the operation unit.
The shelter for evacuation according to claim 1, wherein the connection of the connection structure is configured to be released by movement of the movable retaining engagement member in a release direction accompanying the operation of the operation unit. The floating shelter includes a top plate,
The escape shelter according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an escape hatch is provided on the top plate. The floating shelter is at least partially provided with an outer FRP layer, an inner FPP layer, and a buoyancy material layer interposed between the outer FRP layer and the inner FRP layer, and does not immediately submerge even if there is water immersion. It is comprised as follows. The shelter for evacuation in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3 characterized by the above-mentioned.

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