JP5579336B2 - Evacuation shelter and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an evacuation shelter for evacuating victims / victims from disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, tsunamis, as well as conflicts, terrorism, accidents, etc. The present invention relates to a shelter for evacuation that is easy to float and escape, and a method for manufacturing the shelter.

[Conventional technology]
A new disaster in memory is the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake that occurred on March 11, 2011. Human life has been lost because of the underlayment of roofs that have collapsed and buried in landslides. The tsunami caused by the earthquake killed many people. It was also recognized that there was a need for measures to protect themselves from accidents at nuclear power plants. Furthermore, there are many conflicts and terrorism overseas, and disaster risks associated with nuclear development are increasing.

  Among these various disasters, at the time of an earthquake, they are crushed by a collapsed house and crushed by death, or suffocated and killed by falling objects such as houses and rubble. As an earthquake countermeasure device for preventing, for example, an earthquake shelter disclosed in Patent Document 1 is known.

  An earthquake shelter (hereinafter referred to as “conventional shelter”) as described in Patent Document 1 is basically configured from a dome body having an entrance and exit, and the shelter is configured when the entrance is disposed on the lower side. It has become. The main body of the conventional shelter has a double structure comprising an outer wall portion made of reinforced plastic (FRP [Fiber Reinforced Plastics] resin) and an inner wall portion such as polystyrene foam.

  In addition, the earthquake-resistant capsule described in Patent Document 2 (hereinafter referred to as “conventional capsule”) has the same appearance as a conventional shelter, and its main body includes a structure, an inner coating, and an outer coating from the inside. Are stacked.

A conventional capsule structure is composed of an outer shell made of a reinforced fiber plastic molded body and an internal reinforcing frame made of a metal or fiber reinforced plastic frame material. The flange portions drawn out by the bolts are performed by bolts for fixing.
The inner coating is made of a cushioning material such as a fire-resistant rubber foam, and the outer coating has a laminated structure of an interior and an exterior. The interior is made of fire and heat resistant materials such as glass wool, gypsum board, fire resistant cement and rock wool. Moreover, this exterior is comprised with the rubber-made coating | covering material which gave the flame-retardant process.

Utility Model Registration No. 3144746 (paragraphs 0032 to 0034, FIG. 1) Japanese Patent No. 4320358 (paragraphs 0017 to 0018, FIG. 4)

However, both the conventional shelter and the conventional capsule described above have problems in strength and structure for maintaining the strength.
That is, although the conventional shelter employs reinforced plastic, it is insufficient in strength because it is only a single layer. It is self-evident that increasing the layer thickness increases the strength, but the thicker the layer, the heavier it becomes, and the lower the workability and the higher the cost, so the feasibility is extremely low. The inner wall portion made of polystyrene foam or the like is intended to reduce the impact caused by the collision with the evacuees and is not intended to increase the strength of the shelter itself.

  The conventional capsule uses both the outer shell and the internal reinforcing material, so it can be expected to have a certain level of strength, but first, the structure is complex and the interior is covered to cover the flange part protruding inward. Since a corresponding thickness is required, there is a problem that the entire wall becomes thick.

  Furthermore, conventional shelters and conventional capsules are very useful for protecting the human body from disasters and the like, but on the other hand, it is actually difficult to place them in normal times. It is a problem to be considered for realizing the purpose of protecting the body by shelter for evacuation.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has a simple structure, but is sufficient to enable reliable evacuation when earthquakes, floods, conflicts, etc. occur alone or in combination. An object of the present invention is to provide a shelter for evacuation having strength and a method for manufacturing the shelter.

  In the evacuation shelter, the reinforced plastic shelter body has a spherical shape with a hatch, and a lighting window that can be opened and closed from the inside and outside is provided in the vicinity of the hatch. The hatch unlocking mechanism is provided on the daylighting window side, and one end is connected to the inner surface of the entrance / exit of the shelter body, and the other end is connected to the inner surface of the hatch.

  The present invention is characterized in that the above-described shelter for evacuation is provided with a moving structure that has a stowable floor plate, swings the floor plate in a specific direction, and slides the hatch toward the upper surface from the side surface.

  According to the present invention, in the evacuation shelter, a gripping bar is formed in a vertical direction so as to connect a bottom portion and an upper portion of the shelter body to a hatch located on a side surface, and a groove of a guide structure for the gripping bar is formed on the floor plate. It is characterized by.

  The present invention is characterized in that, in the evacuation shelter, a ventilation port is provided in the vicinity of the upper part to which the holding bar is connected.

  According to the present invention, in the above shelter for evacuation, an annular packing is formed on the inner peripheral edge of the hatch or the outer peripheral edge of the entrance / exit of the shelter body, or both the inner peripheral edge of the hatch and the outer peripheral edge of the entrance / exit of the shelter body. It is characterized by that.

  According to the present invention, in the evacuation shelter, an annular reinforcing member is provided on the inner peripheral edge of the entrance / exit of the shelter main body, in the interior between the outer surface and the inner side of the entrance / exit, or on the inner peripheral edge of the hatch. It is characterized by.

  The present invention is characterized in that in the above shelter for evacuation, there is provided a hook in which a connection portion that is overlay-connected to the outer surface of the shelter body and a hook portion that binds the rope are integrally formed.

  In the evacuation shelter, the shelter main body and the hatch are made of glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, or biomass fiber reinforcing material such as unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenol, polyimide, or It is characterized by using reinforced plastic contained in biomass resin.

  In the evacuation shelter, the present invention is characterized in that a lead film layer is provided inside the shelter body and the hatch.

  In the evacuation shelter according to the present invention, the shelter main body and the hatch are repeatedly laminated with a roving cloth layer and a chop strand mat layer in order on a resin layer formed of a resin, and the roving cloth layer and the chop strand mat layer are It is impregnated with resin, and at least one layer of the chop strand mat layer has a laminated structure of a first fiber-based reinforcing material, a foam or core material, and a second fiber-based reinforcing material.

  The present invention is characterized in that, in the shelter for evacuation, an aramid fiber layer or a basalt fiber layer is laminated instead of at least one chop strand mat layer among a plurality of laminated chop strand mat layers.

  According to the present invention, in the shelter for evacuation, a lead sheet layer composed of a plurality of small pieces of lead sheet laminated to each other in place of at least one chop strand mat layer among a plurality of chop strand mat layers stacked. It is characterized by being laminated.

  The present invention is characterized in that, in the above shelter for evacuation, the chop strand mat layer has a laminated structure in which a core layer of a cotton-like resin material is sandwiched between chopped strand mat pieces.

  The present invention is a manufacturing method for manufacturing a spherical shelter body of reinforced plastic in an evacuation shelter using a lower mold and an upper mold using an L-RTM molding device, and forming a resin layer on the inner surface of the lower mold, A roving cloth layer and a chop strand mat layer are laminated on the surface of the resin layer, the upper mold is clamped with vacuum pressure, and the resin material is injected into the mold between the upper mold and the lower mold, and then molded. After curing, the upper die is opened and the shelter body as a molded product is taken out from the lower die.

  According to the present invention, the reinforced plastic shelter body has a spherical shape with a hatch, a lighting window that can be opened and closed from inside and outside is provided near the hatch, a hatch unlocking mechanism is provided on the lighting window side, and one end is The shelter body has a hinge that is connected to the inner surface of the shelter body entrance and the other end is connected to the inner surface of the hatch. Since it can be released, the relief work can be done easily, and when the hatch is closed, the hinge exists inside the shelter body, so the hinge is broken compared to when the hinge is provided outside the shelter body. There is an effect that can prevent.

  According to the present invention, in a shelter for evacuation, a manufacturing method for manufacturing a spherical shelter body of reinforced plastic with a lower mold and an upper mold using an L-RTM molding device, wherein a resin layer is formed on the inner surface of the lower mold A roving cloth layer and a chop strand mat layer are laminated on the surface of the resin layer, the upper mold is clamped with a vacuum pressure, and a resin material is injected into the mold between the upper mold and the lower mold, and molded. When the material is cured, the upper die is opened and the shelter main body, which is a molded product, is taken out from the lower die, so that there is an effect that the main body of the shelter for evacuation can be easily and more firmly formed.

It is a front view of this shelter with a hatch closed. It is a rear view of this shelter. It is a front view of this shelter of a state where a hatch is open. It is a schematic sectional drawing of this shelter of the state which changed the attitude | position in water. It is a top view of a floor board. It is a schematic side view of a hook. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the laminated structure of a shelter main body. It is a flowchart which shows the manufacturing method of a shelter main body. It is a fragmentary sectional view which shows the coupling | bonding of a shelter main body. It is the schematic of an shelter system for evacuation. It is sectional explanatory drawing of this laminated structure. It is a side view of the 2nd shuter that is towed by the vehicle. It is a top view of the 2nd shelter. It is a rear view of a 2nd shelter. It is a side view for demonstrating a connection mechanism and a cancellation | release mechanism. It is a section explanatory view of the 3rd shelter (unit bus type shelter). It is the schematic of a bed type shelter (4th shelter). It is a section explanatory view of the 4th shelter. It is the schematic which shows another example (1) of a bed type shelter. It is the schematic which shows another example (2) of a bed type shelter. It is the schematic which shows another example (3) of a bed type shelter. It is the schematic which shows another example (4) of a bed type shelter. It is the schematic which shows another example (5) of a bed type shelter. It is the schematic of a container type shelter (5th shelter). It is a section explanatory view of a container type shelter. It is the schematic which shows another example of a container type shelter.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[Outline of the embodiment]
The laminated structure according to the embodiment of the present invention is a structure in which a foam or a core material is sandwiched between a first fiber-based reinforcing material and a second fiber-based reinforcing material and bonded together with a resin, and is laminated. , Hard urethane, styrofoam, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc., using paper honeycomb, aluminum honeycomb, etc. as the core material, and using glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, biomass fiber, etc. as the fiber reinforcement Because it is made of unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenol, polyimide, biomass, etc. as resin, it is manufactured by L-RTM (Light-Resin Transfer Molding) formation method or infusion formation method. The structure can have a strength that can be used in a shelter.

  The shelter for evacuation according to the embodiment of the present invention has a spherical shape of reinforced plastic, and is provided with a daylighting window that can be opened and closed from the inside and outside in the vicinity of the hatch, and a hatch locking mechanism provided on the daylighting window side. Yes, one end of the hinge for opening and closing the hatch is connected to the inside of the entrance / exit of the shelter body, and the other end of the hinge is connected to the inner side surface of the hatch. Since a certain locking mechanism can be released from the outside, relief work can be easily performed, and when the hatch is closed, the hinge exists inside the shelter body, so the hinge is provided outside the shelter body. It can be made stronger than the configuration.

[This laminated structure: FIG. 11]
A laminated structure (present laminated structure) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional explanatory diagram of the present laminated structure. Although applied to the main body of the present shelter and other shelters described below, the present laminated structure may be applied to structures such as residential buildings, facilities, and buildings other than the shelter.
As shown in FIG. 11, this laminated structure is formed by sandwiching a foam or core material (foam or the like) 32 between a first reinforcing material 31a and a second reinforcing material 31b, and joining and laminating with a resin. It has a sandwich structure (laminated structure).

As the reinforcing materials 31a and 31b, fiber-based reinforcing materials such as glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, basalt fibers, and biomass fibers are used.
As the foam of the foam 32 or the like, hard urethane, polystyrene foam, polyethylene, polypropylene, or the like is used.
As the core material of the foam 32 or the like, a paper honeycomb, an aluminum honeycomb or the like is used.
As the resin, unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenol, polyimide, biomass, or the like is used.

[Manufacturing method of the present laminated structure]
This laminated structure is manufactured using an L-RTM molding method or an infusion molding method.
In the L-RTM molding method in this laminated structure, the second reinforcement 31b, the foam 32, and the first reinforcement 31a are spread on the lower mold, the upper mold is clamped with vacuum pressure, and the resin is put into the mold. Is molded.

  Also, the infusion molding method in the present laminated structure is such that the second reinforcing material 31b, the foam 32, etc., and the first reinforcing material 31a are placed on the mold, and various base materials are placed on the second reinforcing material 31b. After covering the film and sucking the space between the films, the liquid resin is sucked from the resin suction port and cured, and then the various substrates and the film are peeled off to take out the formed product.

  The L-RTM molding method or the infusion molding method is used in this laminated structure because FRP molds can be manufactured without using a mold, so the capital investment is low and the size is limited because a press is not used. This is because there is an advantage such as not having.

[Installation of this shelter: Fig. 1]
An evacuation shelter (this shelter or first shelter) according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a front view of the shelter with the hatch closed.
The shelter 1 shown in FIG. 1 is designed so that the refugee A can enter the shelter 1 immediately after an earthquake occurs (or when a pre-earthquake occurs or when an emergency earthquake warning device is notified). Place it in an appropriate place such as a house or a corner of the garden. Or you may arrange | position in the place where the danger of a landslide, a landslide, and a fallen object falling from overhead is anticipated at the time of an earthquake occurrence or other disasters.

Furthermore, since the shelter 1 is formed so as to float on water, it may be arranged in a place where a tsunami or flooding of a river during a flood is expected. The shelter 1 has a generally spherical shape and a compact shape, so that it has a structural strength suitable for withstanding external pressure and strong impacts in the event of a disaster such as an earthquake, landslide, or flood. It has become. That is, the present shelter 1 is a spherical shelter.
If there is no space for installing the shelter 1 in the living space such as the above-mentioned house, the user does not want to install it in the living space, or there are other circumstances, an evacuation shelter system described later is installed. It is preferable.

[Schematic structure of the shelter: FIGS. 1 to 4]
The structure of the shelter will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a rear view of the shelter, FIG. 3 is a front view of the shelter with the hatch open, and FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the shelter with the posture changed underwater.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the shelter 1 basically includes a shelter body 3, an entrance / exit 7, a hatch 9, a hook 10, a fixing structure 11, and a weight 13.
The installation table 21 is for installing the shelter 1 on the installation table 21. The installation table 21 is for stably installing the shelter 1 configured as a sphere as described below, but may be omitted if unnecessary.

Next, each part of the shelter will be specifically described.
[Structure of the shelter body 3]
The shelter body 3 is made of reinforced plastic and has a substantially spherical shape as a whole. The shelter body 3 includes an evacuation space 5 (FIG. 4). The evacuation space 5 is water-tightly chained so that water does not enter from the outside. This is to ensure the safety of the evacuation space 5 in the case of being washed away by water damage.
Here, the shelter body 3 and the hatch 9 contain glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, basalt (basalt) fiber, biomass fiber (natural fiber such as hemp or bamboo), etc. in unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, phenol resin. Not using reinforced plastic. In particular, the basalt fiber is an environment-friendly high-strength fiber melt-spun from basalt, and has excellent tensile strength, heat resistance, ultraviolet resistance, acid resistance / alkali resistance, and strength comparable to an aramid fiber.

The shelter body 3 has a substantially spherical shape because it is a simple and impact-resistant shape, so even if it becomes an underlay of collapsed debris, it will not break easily, and the refugee A who evacuated in the evacuation space 5 This is because it can be surely protected.
Furthermore, it is a shape that is easy to slip through without being submerged by being caught by rubble that is washed away when it encounters flooding.

  The size of the shelter body 3 varies depending on the number of evacuees A accommodated at a time. However, if the shelter body 3 is made larger, the weight increases and the occupied area also increases, so that it is preferable for several people in consideration of transportation and installation. If used for several people, the average family can evacuate. Evacuation should be carried out promptly, but if there are too many people, there will be a waiting queue phenomenon, which will impair the speediness. For the reasons described above, it is preferable to install a plurality of book shelters 1 if installed in the home of a large family.

[Catch bar 6]
The holding bar 6 shown in FIG. 3 is a bar for the evacuee A in the evacuation space 5 to hold in order to hold his / her body. The holding bar 6 extends in the vertical direction of the shelter body 3, and the upper and lower ends are fixed to the inner wall of the shelter body 3.
In addition, when a hollow metal (for example, stainless steel) rod (pipe) is used as the holding rod 6, in order to improve the strength, the inside of the holding rod 6 may be filled with mortar or the like. .

  The catch bar 6 also functions as a handle when the refugee A walks on the inner wall of the shelter body 3 to move the center of gravity of the shelter 1 (shelter body 3). That is, the refugee A who wants to move the center of gravity of the shelter body 3 holds the starting point when walking in the shelter body 3 (including walking on the knees and shifting the hips) by grasping the grab bar 6. can do. The evacuee A who has secured the starting point can easily move his toes, knees, and the like to a desired position in the shelter body that is difficult unless secured. Thereby, the center of gravity of the shelter body 3 can be arbitrarily controlled. That is, the posture of the shelter body 3 can be quickly and easily held in an arbitrary state.

[Gateway 7]
The entrance / exit 7 is a circular opening formed on the side of the shelter body 3 when it is installed, and is used by the evacuee A to evacuate or exit the evacuation space 5. Therefore, the diameter of the entrance / exit 7 is preferably a dimension that allows one adult to enter and exit without greatly reducing the strength, for example, about 500 to 600 mm.
Further, as the shape of the entrance / exit 7, a shape other than a circle may be selected. However, in this embodiment, the shape is made circular in order to avoid stress concentration as much as possible and to maintain the strength of the shelter body 3. Moreover, the entrance / exit 7 is made into one piece in order to ensure strength. When two or more doorways are provided, it is preferable to pay attention to the overall strength of the shelter body 3 and provide a reinforcing structure as necessary.

[Reinforcement around entrance / exit 7]
Since the entrance 7 is a space for people to enter and exit, it does not mean that there is no risk of deformation when an external force is applied. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as a preferable aspect, a reinforcing frame plate 4 surrounding the periphery of the entrance / exit 7 is adhered and fixed to the periphery of the entrance / exit 7 on the evacuation space 5 side in the shelter body 3 (FIGS. 1 and 2). 4).
The reinforcing frame plate 4 is formed in an annular shape because the entrance / exit 7 is circular, and if the entrance / exit 7 has a shape other than a circle, it may be formed in a shape corresponding to this.

The reinforcing frame plate 4 is made of an iron plate of about 2 mm, but may be made of another metal or reinforced plastic.
The reinforcing frame plate 4 is attached and attached from the inner surface side of the shelter body 3, but may be formed inside the outer surface and the inner surface of the shelter body 3.
Further, a reinforcing frame plate may be provided not only around the entrance / exit 7 but also around a hole to which a later-described daylighting window 17, a ventilation port 15 and the like are attached (illustration is omitted).

[Hatch 9 structure, hinge 9b]
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the hatch 9 is formed in a circular shape slightly larger than the entrance / exit 7 and is fixed to the other end of the hinge 9 b having one end fixed in the shelter body 3. By the function of the hinge 9b, the hatch 9 closes the entrance / exit 7 so that the shelter body 3 can be opened outward.
That is, one end of the hinge 9 b is fixed to the inner peripheral edge of the entrance / exit 7 of the shelter body 3, and the other end is fixed to the inner peripheral edge of the hatch 9.
Further, a ring-shaped (annular) convex convex portion may be formed on the inner peripheral edge of the hatch 9, and the convex portion may be inserted into the doorway 7 to be engaged. If the convex portion has a thickness, it can be a strengthened part for preventing buckling of the hatch 9.

[Packing 9a]
An annular packing 9a is interposed between the inner peripheral edge of the hatch 9 and the outer peripheral edge of the entrance / exit 7, and is configured to keep the water tightness between the two when closed. Although the packing 9a is fixed to the shelter body 3 side, it may be fixed to the hatch 9 side, or two packings may be fixed to both.

[Lock mechanism 9c]
A lock mechanism 9c is provided inside the shelter body 3 (FIG. 3) so that the refugee A can operate from the inside to lock or release the hatch 9 with respect to the shelter body 3.
Needless to say, when locked, the watertightness between the shelter body 3 and the hatch 9 is secured by cooperation with the packing 9.

[Other configuration of hatch 9]
The material constituting the hatch 9 will be described in another section, but a part (for example, the central portion) thereof may be made of a transparent synthetic resin, tempered glass or the like. This is because the refugee A can see outside and can guide outside light into the evacuation space 5.
It is also possible to provide a reinforcing frame plate (not shown) such as the reinforcing frame plate 4 attached to the shelter main body 3 on the inner side (evacuation space 5 side) of the hatch.

[Fixed structure 11 and weight]
[Floor board 11a: FIGS. 4 and 5]
As for the shelter main body 3, the disk-shaped floor board 11a is being fixed on the bottom part at the time of the installation (FIG. 4).
The floor board 11a will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a plan view of the floor board.
The floor plate 11a is for flattening the spherical inner wall surface of the shelter body 3, on which the refugee A folds his knees and crouches. An opening 11b is formed in the floor plate 11a. The opening 11b is closed so as to be openable by a lid 11d, and is an upper opening of a storage space 11c provided below the floor plate 11a.

[Storage space 11c, lid 11d]
In the storage space 11c, a plastic bottle (liquid container, indicated as W in FIG. 4) containing drinking water is stored. This plastic bottle plays a role as a weight for keeping the shelter body 3 in the installed state. A plurality of PET bottles may be used to obtain a necessary weight as a weight. The floor plate 11a, the storage space 11c, and the lid 11d constitute a fixing structure 11 for the weight (pet bottle) 13 in the present embodiment. If the plastic bottle taken out from the fixing structure 11 is moved to another fixing structure (storage space, not shown), the center of gravity of the shelter body 3 can be moved.
The lid 11d is formed in a square shape to the left and right with respect to the center of the floor plate 11a, and has a quarter fan shape of the floor plate 11a, and two lids of 1/4 circle are provided on the upper half surface of the floor plate 11a in FIG. It may be arranged. In this case, the lid is fixed so as to be openable and closable at the diameter portion of the floor plate 11a in the horizontal direction.

[Moving structure]
When a part of a sphere having an outer wall with the same curvature as the inner wall curvature of the shelter body 3 is cut off at a certain plane (with the same area as the floor board 11a), the storage has the same shape as the cut-out hook-like part You may make it form a store | warehouse | chamber and install it instead of the floor board 11a (FIG. 4). In this case, the upper surface serves as a substitute for the floor board 11a. At this time, since the bottom surface of the bowl-shaped storage is in surface contact with the inner wall surface of the shelter body 3, stable installation can be performed on the shelter body 3, and a moving structure can be formed. This moving structure also simplifies the movement with respect to the shelter body 3 for moving the center of gravity.
A concave groove is formed on the bottom surface of the bowl-shaped storage, and a convex guide is formed on the inner wall surface of the shelter body 3 correspondingly to facilitate movement as a moving structure. Moreover, it is good also as a convex shape in the bottom face of a bowl-shaped storage, and it is good also as a concave shape in the inner wall face of the shelter main body 3. FIG.

[Groove 12 (Guide structure)]
In addition, between the shelter body 3 and the storage, a guide structure (groove 12 shown in FIG. 5) for guiding the moving direction, and a fixing structure for making the fixing structure 11 semi-fixable at an arbitrary position ( (Not shown) can also be provided.

  The groove 12 functioning as a guide structure is formed by cutting out from the center of the floor plate 11a in the radial direction, and the holding bar 6 is inserted in the center thereof. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, when the shelter body 3 is changed from the state shown in FIG. 3 to the state shown in FIG. 4 without changing the posture, 11a (1) → 11a (2 ) And move from the vertical state to the same horizontal state. By this movement, the gripping bar 6 is guided to the groove 12, and after the posture change, as shown in FIG.

[Ventilation port 15]
As shown in FIG. 2, the shelter body 3 is formed with a ventilation opening 15 for ventilating the inside of the evacuation space 5.
The ventilation port 15 is configured so that water does not enter by providing a check valve or an open / close lid. Further, the position to be provided is preferably provided at a position higher than the water surface when the shelter body 3 floats in water. This is to allow ventilation even when floating.

[Lighting window 17]
As described above, the hatch 9 can be locked to the shelter body 3 by the lock mechanism 9c that can be locked and unlocked in the evacuation space 5. The daylighting window 17 is inserted into and fixed to a window hole (not shown) penetrating the shelter body 3 by, for example, a knurled screw, and is configured to be removable from the outside (indicated by a two-dot chain line arrow in FIG. 4). Remove it on the back side of the paper as shown).

Further, the daylighting window 17 is formed into a transparent disk shape, a screw thread is provided on the side surface thereof, a screw groove corresponding to the screw thread is formed in an inner portion of the window hole, and the daylighting window 17 is rotated so that the window hole is rotated. You may enable it to attach and detach.
The daylighting window 17 is formed with a recess for inserting a finger into both the outer surface and the inner surface so that it can be opened and closed from the outside and the inside. Further, when the daylighting window 17 is opened, it can be removed inside the shelter body 3 but cannot be taken outside. That is, the outer portion of the opening of the window hole is formed smaller than the diameter of the daylighting window 17.

This window hole can be locked directly (with a rescuer's hand) or indirectly (with a tool) by a person outside the shelter body 3 (for example, a rescuer) putting his arm. The mechanism 9c is configured in a position and shape that can be unlocked.
If the refugee is in an awake state in the evacuation space 5, the person who has entered the evacuation space can release the lock mechanism 9c and open the hatch 3 as a matter of course. On the other hand, when only those who have been evacuated in the evacuation space 5 are powerless children or elderly people, even if they are adults, they may faint and cannot be released. Therefore, in the present shelter 1, the rescuer can remove the daylighting window 7 from the outside, put his hand through the window hole, release the lock mechanism 9c, and open the hatch 3.

[Hook 10: FIGS. 2, 4, and 6]
Next, hooks formed on the surface of the shelter body 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 2, 4, and 6. FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the hook.
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the hook 10 is formed on the shelter body 3 at a position opposite to the hatch 9.
If a folding anchor or the like for a small ship is connected to the hook 10 via an anchor rope, the shelter 1 can be prevented from being washed offshore by a tsunami wave.
To avoid danger, the anchor rope should not be strengthened more than necessary, but can be broken with a load of several hundred kg.

Furthermore, the hook 10 is comprised from the hook part 10a and the junction part 10b, as shown in FIG.
The hook portion 10a has a U shape or a U shape for connecting an anchor rope, and both ends thereof are fixed to the joint portion 10b. In addition, the hook part 10a and the junction part 10b are integrally formed, for example with the metal.
Moreover, since the joining part 10b is attached to the shelter body 3 by overlay joining and does not use screws or screws, it is not necessary to drill a hole in the shelter body 3, and the strength may be impaired. Absent. Overlay bonding is bonding that is bonded to the outer surface of the shelter body 3 by hand layup, in which the bonding portion 10b is bonded to the shelter body 3 with a tape or the like and defoamed with resin. Furthermore, when it becomes a dangerous situation where the shelter 1 may be submerged, the joint portion 10b is peeled off from the shelter body 3, and the shelter body 3 can be detached from the anchor rope and the folding anchor.

[Structure of the shelter body 3: Fig. 7]
The structure of the shuter body 3 uses the laminated structure of the first reinforcing material 31a, the foamed body 32, and the second reinforcing material 31b shown in FIG. 11, but may have the following structure.
The structure of the shelter body 3 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the laminated structure of the shelter body.
As shown in FIG. 7A, the shelter body 3 has a multilayer structure. That is, a roving cloth layer 3b, a chop strand mat layer 3c, a roving cloth layer 3d, a chop strand mat layer 3e, on one surface of the resin layer (for example, vinyl ester resin layer) 3a (the lower surface of FIG. 7A), The roving cloth layer 3f and the chopped strand mat layer 3g are laminated in such a manner that the roving cloth layer and the chopped strand mat layer are alternately repeated a plurality of times. In the present embodiment, the lamination of the roving cloth layer and the chopped strand mat layer is repeated three times. However, the increase or decrease is not hindered if it can be adapted to the required strength.
Here, the roving cloth layer and the chop strand mat layer are glass fibers, and are materials having high radio wave permeability such as a mobile phone or a radio.

[Roving cloth layers 3b, 3d, 3f]
The roving cloth layers 3b, 3d, and 3f are not shown in detail, but a plurality of pieces that are partially overlapped, such as a piece of paper that is attached to a frame to form a tensioner, or a piece of cloth that is sewn for patchwork. It consists of a small piece of roving cloth.
The roving cloth pieces are not limited in size and shape and may be the same or different from each other. For example, a rectangular piece having a side of about 10 cm can be formed. However, if a layer having a complicated shape is formed, the diameter may be reduced or the shape of the piece may be devised. If necessary, an adhesive may be used for pasting. Since the bonding requires advanced and delicate technology, manual work by a skilled worker is fundamental, but this does not impede automation by a machine or the like.

[Chop strand mat layers 3c, 3e, 3g]
The chop strand mat layers 3c, 3e, 3g are also composed of a plurality of chop strand mat pieces that are partially overlapped in the same manner as described above. The size and shape of the chop strand mat pieces, and the attaching method and the like are not different from those of the above-mentioned roving cloth pieces.
The roving cloth layer and the chop strand mat layer are impregnated with a resin, respectively. The thickness of each layer is preferably about 0.4 mm, for example.

[Core layer]
In addition, it is preferable to provide the core layer which impregnated resin in the middle of the thickness direction of each chop strand mat piece mentioned above. That is, chop strand mat layers 3c ′ (3e ′, 3g ′) shown in FIG. 7B can be employed instead of the chop strand mat layers 3c, 3e, 3g shown in FIG. Each of the chop strand mat pieces constituting the chop strand mat layer 3c ′ (3e ′, 3g ′) is between the chop land mat layer 3cp (3ep, 3gp) and another chopped strand mat layer 3cr (3er, 3gr). In addition, a core layer 3cq (3eq, 3gq) is provided.

  The material of the core layer 3cq (3eq, 3gq) is easy to circulate the resin if it is as it is, but is made stronger by clamping (after-mentioned) after resin distribution, for example, a cotton-like resin material (for example, PP (polypropylene)) Is preferred. The reason is related to the resin injection performed in the manufacturing method of the following laminated structure, and the injected resin facilitates the distribution of the chop strand mat layers 3cp (3ep, 3gp) and 3cr (3er, 3gr) and easily reaches the whole. This is to produce a uniform and strong laminated structure.

Here, the chopped strand mat layer 3c ′ (3e ′, 3g ′) shown in FIG. 7B may have a three-layer laminated structure shown in FIG. 11, and in that case, the chopped land mat layer 3cp (3ep) , 3gp) is the first fiber reinforcement 31a, the core layer 3cq (3eq, 3gq) is the foam or core 32, and the chopped strand mat layer 3cr (3er, 3gr) is the second fiber reinforcement. This corresponds to 31b.
In addition, the shelter main body 3 simply laminated a roving cloth layer and a chop strand mat layer on the lower surface of the resin layer without using the foam structure (foam material) or the core material without using the laminated structure of FIG. It may be a structure.

[Manufacturing method of the shelter body 3: FIGS. 7, 8 and 9]
A method for manufacturing the shelter body 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a method of manufacturing the shelter body, FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the coupling of the shelter body, and FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the coupling of the shelter body.
First, an L-RTM (Light-Resin Transfer Molding) molding apparatus is prepared. Here, L-RTM is a construction method in which a base material is laid on the lower mold, the upper mold is clamped with a vacuum pressure, and a resin material is injected and molded into the mold. Unlike G-FRP (Glass-Fiber Reinforced Plastics) products molded by the spray-up molding method, the back and front surfaces are smooth.

  On the other hand, the above-mentioned normal hand lay-up molding method is a method in which a resin is soaked in a fiber reinforcing agent and is manually attached and defoamed. The product produced by this molding method is skilled in the art. It is said that the difference in the manufacturing posture and the like hinders the homogenization of the product. The hand lay-up method has advantages such as being able to realize delicate shapes because it is done manually, but if the defoaming work is insufficient, air will remain in the layer, There is a problem that the strength and safety of the product can be a threat. Therefore, the present inventors have devised a method of using the L-RTM molding method together in order to compensate for the disadvantages while following the advantages of the hand lay-up method.

Returning to FIG. First, a resin layer 3a is formed by spraying a resin (in this embodiment, a colored coating resin) on the inner surface of the lower mold (S1). Next, roving cloth layers 3b, 3d, and 3f, which are reinforcing base materials, and chopped strand mat layers 3c, 3e, and 3g (3c ′ (3e ′, 3g ′)) are alternately stacked on the surface of the resin layer 3a ( S3). This operation is an operation in which a plurality of roving cloth pieces and a plurality of chop strand mat pieces are partially overlapped.
When the lamination is completed, the upper die is further clamped with vacuum pressure (S5), and a resin material (in this embodiment, vinyl ester resin) is injected into the die between the upper die and the lower die. Mold (S7). When the resin impregnated in each layer is cured, the upper mold is opened, and the shelter body 3 as a molded product is taken out from the lower mold (S9). Thus, the manufacture of the shelter body 3 is completed.

In addition, since the shelter body 3 is spherical, two half-length ones are manufactured, and an overlapping portion 3s having a slightly larger diameter is formed on one of the peripheral parts, and the other peripheral part is put in the part and bonded. It is designed to be fixed (FIG. 9).
According to the manufacturing method according to the present embodiment, since the mold clamping is performed using the L-RTM molding device, each layer in which the small pieces are partially overlapped is firmly clamped, so that the compressive strength is dramatically improved. In addition, since the resin is surely impregnated in the layer by the vacuum pressure, the inner surface of the layer can be made smooth.
Moreover, according to the manufacturing method which concerns on this embodiment, since deaeration is performed reliably, sufficient intensity | strength and uniformity as an evacuation shelter can be implement | achieved.

Moreover, it is preferable to comprise the hatch 9 in the same structure as the laminated structure by the same manufacturing method as the manufacturing method of the shelter body 3 described above. This is to ensure the same strength as the shelter body 3.
Furthermore, although illustration is omitted, it is preferable to provide a buffer material on the inner surface of the shelter body 3. The reason for providing the cushioning material is to prevent the shelter body 3 from being affected as much as possible even if the shelter body 3 receives a large impact. Although not adopted in the present embodiment, a seat belt (not shown) for fixing the body of the evacuee A to the shelter body 3, a cushion (not shown) for lowering the waist, etc. may be attached. it can. Note that the cushioning material can also be applied to the hatch 9.

  In addition, although illustration is abbreviate | omitted, a metal plate (for example, iron plate small piece of thickness about 2 mm) can also be inserted between any of the above-mentioned each layers. Further, by forming a screw hole in the metal plate, for example, a handle or a hinge can be reliably screwed to the outer surface or inner surface of the shelter body 3.

[Modification of this embodiment]
The shelter body 3 and the hatch 9 can include a layer containing an aramid fiber for enhancing the bulletproof / explosion-proof effect or a lead film layer for enhancing the simple nuclear protection effect. That is, for example, instead of the chop strand mat layers 3b and 3d, a film layer or a coating layer of a member having a high radiation shielding effect such as an aramid fiber layer or lead can be laminated.
By providing the aramid fiber layer, the bulletproof / explosion-proof effect can be enhanced, and the evacuation shelter 1 at that time exhibits its effect when used in a conflict area or the like.
In addition, by providing a film layer or coating layer of a member having a high radiation shielding effect such as lead to enhance the nuclear protection effect, the damage reduction can be expected in a nuclear damage assumed region. In other words, in order to deal with radioactive materials that reach a half-life in a short time when nuclear damage occurs, the emergency evacuation stay can be carried out in the shelter 1 for evacuation that has been radiation-isolated for a short period of time. is there. If protective clothing, a mask, etc. for protecting from radiation are prepared in advance, the safety of evacuees can be ensured more reliably.

[How to use shelter for evacuation]
A case of an earthquake disaster will be described as an example. When a large pre-earthquake occurs or when an emergency earthquake warning device is notified, it takes about 10 seconds to several tens of seconds before a major earthquake occurs. The evacuee A who has received a major earthquake prediction or notification opens the hatch 9 and enters the evacuation space 5 from the entrance 7 (FIGS. 1 and 3).
The evacuated refugee A completes evacuation by closing the hatch 9 and locking it with the lock mechanism 9c. The breathing of the evacuee A is ensured by the action of the ventilation port 15. Even if the house collapses or the earth and sand collapses, the refugee A is protected by the evacuation shelter 1 and is not crushed by them. The hatch 9 at the time of installation may be left open as shown in FIG. This is so that evacuation can be performed quickly.

  In addition, you may make it provide the snap lock which fixes the periphery of the entrance / exit 7 and the periphery of the hatch 9 so that the hatch 9 can be closed from the outer side. The installation position is assumed to be close to the daylighting window 17 in FIG. When the lock is released, the snap lock is no longer locked by the force of the spring, but if something is caught there, it can be removed from the inside of the shelter body 3 by opening the daylighting window 17. .

  Since this shelter 1 (shelter body 3) is watertight, it will not sink even if it is swept away by a tsunami or the like. It also protects Evacuee A from collision with rubble. The shelter 1 immediately after being struck by the tsunami receives an impact or rotates due to its momentum or collision with other spills, but the evacuee A can evacuate safely from these.

  When the tsunami has settled, the underwater posture may be controlled so that the center of gravity of the shelter body 3 is changed by the movement of the weight 13 or the refugee A and the hatch 9 is at the top. Since the hatch 9 can be opened, outside air can be taken in, and the refugee A can take a face from the entrance 7 and see the surroundings (FIG. 4).

For example, in the storage of the shelter 1 for evacuation, there are emergency toilets, helmets, emergency whistles and smoke tubes, flashlights, radios, solar cells and other simple generators, food and drink, medical supplies, etc. Should be stockpiled. Further, together with or instead of these, the above-described protective clothing and mask can be stored as necessary.
The shelter 1 has a capacity of about 4 people, but if it is installed under the stairs, it is easy to enter during a disaster.

[Configuration of shelter system for evacuation: Fig. 10]
Next, an evacuation shelter system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is a schematic view of an evacuation shelter system.
The shelter 1 for evacuation is meaningful when a disaster victim secures an evacuation space. However, when there is no space for installing the shelter 1 for evacuation in the living space 51 such as a house, it is a fact that the user may not want to install in the living space 51. Therefore, it is this evacuation shelter system 101 that enables emergency evacuation while ensuring a normal living space.

  The evacuation shelter system 101 has a storage space (upper storage space 53 or lower storage space 55) for storing the evacuation shelter provided above or below the user's living space 51, and stored in this storage space. The evacuation shelter 1 is moved down or raised to transfer the living space 51 to the living space 51.

The transfer means 103 is generally composed of a cradle 105 on which the shelter 1 for evacuation is placed, a suspending mechanism 107 that suspends the cradle 105, and an elevating mechanism 109 that lowers or raises the suspending mechanism 107.
For example, the elevating mechanism 109 drives the evacuation shelter 1 stored in the upper storage space 53 such as an attic space to lower the living space 51 in an emergency, or performs the reverse operation in normal times. For example, the evacuation shelter 1 housed in the lower storage space 55 such as a basement transfers the evacuation shelter 1 to the living space 51 by an operation reverse to the above-described operation in an emergency and a normal time.
According to the evacuation shelter system 101, the evacuation shelter 1 can be installed in the vicinity of the user as a precaution, while securing the living space 51.

[Configuration of another evacuation shelter system]
Next, another evacuation shelter system will be described.
Another shelter system for evacuation is provided with a storage space for the evacuation shelter 1 under the stairs of a general house so as not to disturb the living space as much as possible.
The shelter 1 for evacuation is arranged so that the hatch 9 faces the open space side under the stairs.
In a general wooden house, the staircase width is about 90 cm at most, so it cannot be completely stored, and the hatch 9 protrudes slightly to the open space side, but the space under the staircase can be used effectively.
If there is room in the storage space, the installation base 21 may be installed and the shelter 1 for evacuation may be placed thereon. However, if there is no room in the storage space, a recess corresponding to the spherical shape of the shelter body 3 is provided on the floor. The evacuation shelter 1 may be fitted into the recess.

[Second shelter: FIGS. 12 to 15] <Camping trailer type>
Next, an evacuation shelter (second shelter) according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 12 is a side view of the second shelter towed by the vehicle, FIG. 13 is a plan view of the second shelter, FIG. 14 is a rear view of the second shelter, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a side view for explaining a coupling mechanism and a release mechanism.

[Schematic structure of the second shelter]
As shown in FIG.12 and FIG.13, the 2nd shelter 41 is provided with the floating shelter 43, the connection structure 45, and the cancellation | release mechanism 40 (FIG. 15), and is a camping trailer type shelter. The second shelter can accommodate about 10 to 20 people.
The floating shelter 43 is connected to the to-be-cited vehicle 111 by the connecting structure 45. The connection of the connection structure 45 is configured to be released by the release mechanism 40.
The floating shelter 43 forms a box-shaped outer wall of the camping trailer.

[Schematic structure of floating shelter 43]
The floating shelter 43 includes a shelter body 43a that is configured to be watertight as a whole and a chassis 43b on which the shelter body 43a is placed and fixed, and is movable and capable of floating in water.
The shelter body 43a is not limited in its shape or size, but in the present embodiment, it is formed in a horizontally long rectangular parallelepiped shape with rounded sides. The reason for the roundness is that the strength of the shelter body 3a is easily maintained. In addition, the selection of a horizontally long rectangular parallelepiped shape is omitted in this embodiment, but for example, a camping trailer (by installing equipment necessary for life such as a bed, dining table, kitchen, toilet, shower, etc.) This is so that it can be used as a travel trailer or caravan. In addition to emergency food, emergency signal lights, emergency radio wave transmitters, etc. may be installed.

  Not only for outdoor activities such as camping, but also for use as a living room, a study room for children, a karaoke room, a musical instrument practice room, etc. at home. Even when the above equipment is installed, the floating shelter 43 in the shelter body 43a (including the normal user, the same applies hereinafter) is placed on the ground as shown in FIG. The total weight and the center of gravity are set so that they can float in the same posture. This is to reliably protect the evacuees from overturning the shelter body 43 when floating in water.

[Structure of the shelter body 43a]
The structure of the shuter body 43a uses the laminated structure of the first reinforcing material 31a, the foamed body 32, and the second reinforcing material 31b shown in FIG. 11, but may have the following structure.
The shelter body 43a has a three-layer structure in which a buoyant material layer 43r is sandwiched between an outer FRP layer 43p and an inner FRP layer 43q, as shown in an enlarged partial cross-sectional view circled in FIG. The outer side FRP layer 43p and the inner side FRP layer 43q are each made of fiber reinforced plastic, and the buoyancy material layer 43r is made of a high buoyancy material such as urethane foam.
Since the shelter body 43a is a camping trailer type and is expected to become heavy, it is essential to insert a foam (foaming material).

  The reason why the FRP layer is doubled is to obtain a strength that can sufficiently resist the external force at the time of a disaster, and the buoyancy material layer is interposed because of some unforeseen circumstances, there is water in the shelter body 43a. Even so, the entire floating shelter 43 is not immediately submerged. A cushion layer (not shown) made of foamed urethane foam or the like may be further provided inside the inner FRP layer 43q. A cushion layer is for protecting the evacuee who fell, for example when the shelter main body 43a shakes at the time of floating.

  On the side surface of the shelter body 43a, at least one watertight door 43d and a plurality of viewing windows 43w are provided. The watertight door 43d is a door used by evacuees who enter and exit the room of the shelter body 43a, and is preferably configured to open outward. The reason for the outward opening is that it is stronger against the external pressure received by the shelter body 43a when a disaster such as a tsunami is encountered compared to the inward opening.

  The sight glass 43w is watertightly installed with tempered glass that is not easily broken even when a disaster is encountered, and the opposite side can be seen from the inside and outside of the shelter 43a. The shape of the viewing window 43w is preferably circular from the viewpoint of maintaining strength. Also, the size of the viewing window 43w need not be set to the same for all the objects including the shape, but in any case, it must be designed to have the minimum strength that can be used in the event of a disaster. is there.

  It is desirable that the position of each of the observation windows 43w is at a height that does not submerge when the evacuation shelter 41 floats due to the total amount of drainage and weight. A viewing window 43w provided in front of the shelter body 43a shown in FIG. 14 is important in order for the evacuees who want to operate the release mechanism 40 in the shelter body 43a to see the connection mechanism 45. .

Since the watertight door 43w is open outward as described above, it may be assumed that the watertight door 43w cannot be opened due to water or earth and sand when it encounters drought or landslide. In such a case, the shelter body 43a is provided with an escape hatch 43h on the top plate so as to be openable and watertight.
The escape hatch 43h may be provided with a structure (not shown) in a half-open state, in addition to the fully open state shown in FIG. When it is possible not only during normal use but also when encountering a disaster, if the escape hatch 43h is left in a half-open state, the inside of the shelter body 43 can be ventilated, and the evacuees can look out and look outside. Because it can.

  A ventilator 43k is provided next to the escape hatch 43h on the top plate of the shelter body 43a in order to prevent the escape hatch 43h from being opened halfway due to rainwater, flood water, earth and sand entering. The ventilation device 43k may be natural ventilation or forced ventilation using a ventilation fan or the like, but needs to have a structure that does not impair the watertight function of the shelter body 43a. It is preferable to attach a dustproof filter for preventing dust and dust from entering, a decontamination filter for preventing radiation from entering, and the like to the ventilation device 43k. This is to protect evacuees from dust and radioactivity, and to evacuate without damaging their health.

  A solar panel 43s for generating solar power and a plurality of fasteners 43f for suspending the floating shelter 43 are attached to the outside of the top plate of the shelter body 43a. The solar panel 43s is for supplying power to a storage battery (not shown) in the charter main body 43a by photovoltaic power generation, and the electricity stored in the storage battery is one of the lifelines of evacuees especially during evacuation. Become. The shape and number of the solar panels 43s can be appropriately set within a possible range. It goes without saying that the solar panel can also be installed on the side surface of the shelter body 43a.

  In the present embodiment, the fasteners 43f have four inverted U-shapes, and are respectively provided at the four corners of the top plate of the shelter body 43a. These fasteners 43f are used when hooking a suspension wire and suspending the floating shelter 43 with a crane or helicopter to move from a disaster area to a safe place or transport to any destination. . Accordingly, each of the fasteners 43f must be strong enough to withstand the maximum weight assumed for the floating shelter 43 (including the weight of living equipment and evacuees).

  It is recommended that at least one lifesaving device 43e be detachably attached to the side surface of the shelter body 43a. The lifesaving device 43a can be used when a refugee in the shelter body 43a leaves when the drought is encountered, and can be used to rescue other refugees outside. Further, the life preserver 43e attached to the side surface has a function of protecting the shelter body 43a from direct collision with other floating objects when floating, like a tire fender for protecting the ship from collision with the quay. doing. In addition, although illustration is omitted, it is preferable to provide a ladder for ascending and descending on the top plate on the side surface of the shelter body 43a.

[Structure of linked structure]
An example of the connection structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15.
The coupling mechanism 45 prevents the engaging member 45a that is releasably engaged with the engaged member 115 provided on the vehicle 111 side and the engaging member 45a that is engaged with the engaged member 115 from being removed. The movable disengagement prevention member 45b.
The engaged member 115 is a thin flat plate-like member extending horizontally from the rear end of the vehicle 111, and includes an engagement hole 115h penetrating in the vertical direction.
The engaging member 45a is an inverted L-shaped bar, and the vertical bar portion is inserted into the engaging hole 115h from above and engaged therewith. At this time, the engaging member 45a is configured such that the end of the vertical bar portion slightly protrudes from the lower end of the engaged member 115.

As shown in FIG. 15, the movable detachment preventing member 45b is hinged to the base 43b, and when released (not connected), the open end (indicated by a solid line) facing downward is rotated. It faces in the horizontal direction (indicated by a broken line), and at this time, the disengagement is prevented by the contact or proximity of the open end of the engagement member 45a and the front end of the vertical bar portion. The reason for preventing the engagement is to prevent the engagement between the engaged member 115 and the engaging member 45a from being released due to the vertical movement during the movement.
The movable disengagement prevention member 45b is biased by a spring (not shown) in the lateral direction (engagement prevention direction). Therefore, rotation of the disengagement prevention member 45b at the time of releasing the engagement, which will be described later, is performed while resisting the force of this spring.

[Structure of release mechanism]
As shown in FIG. 15, the release mechanism 40 has an operation unit 40 a installed in the floating shelter 43 (the shelter body 43 a) and a movable disengagement prevention member 45 b in the release direction in conjunction with the operation of the operation unit 40 a. The power transmission part 40b to be made is provided.
The power transmission unit 40b is configured by a brake wire, and the operation of the operation unit 40a by the evacuees is transmitted by the wire moving in the length direction in the flexible tube. The operation of the operation unit 40a by the evacuees becomes power and drives the movable disengagement prevention member 45b of the coupling mechanism 45 via the power transmission unit 40b, whereby the movable disengagement prevention member 5b moves in the release direction while resisting spring force. It is configured to rotate.

  In principle, the release mechanism 40 is driven by the operation of the refugee. However, for example, when a wreck such as a tsunami is encountered, the refugee inside is in a panic, or the refugee is suspended due to the floating shelter 43 floating. However, it is also assumed that the hand cannot reach the release mechanism 40. In such a case, the evacuating shelter 41 is about to float, but the towing vehicle 111 is about to be submerged. Here, if the water depth of the tsunami is deeper than the height of the shelter 41 for evacuation (if the water is shallow, the submersion mechanism 40 that is not driven may cause the evacuation shelter 1 to become a companion for complete submersion of the vehicle 111. In order to prevent this, the movable disengagement prevention member 45b of the release mechanism 40 is configured to rotate downward.

  That is, although the vehicle 111 is submerged and the shelter 41 for evacuation floats, there is a large positional difference between the two in the vertical direction. This disparity prevents the movable disengagement prevention member 45b from resisting the spring force. By rotating downward, the engagement is automatically released, so that the floating shelter 43 is released from the vehicle 111 to be submerged and can continue to float as it is.

[Configuration of chassis]
As shown in FIGS. 12-14, the chassis 43b is comprised so that a shelter main body 43a can be mounted and fixed on the top, and the wheel 43t is provided below. The chassis 43b can be configured to be separated from the shelter body 43a when floating in water, but in this embodiment, the chassis 43b has a function as an underwater balancer without being separated.
That is, the chassis 43b is positioned at the lower part of the shelter body 43a, so that the shelter 41 for evacuation when floating in water is adjusted so as to be able to float in the same posture as when placed on the ground. This is to reliably protect the evacuees from the rollover of the evacuation shelter 41 when floating in water. That is, the chassis 43b plays the role of a weight part.

[Effects unique to the second shelter]
When the evacuation shelter 41 encounters drowning due to the configuration and operation effect of the evacuation shelter 41, the vehicle 111 will be submerged under the control of the operation unit 40a by the evacuee, depending on the situation. Is released, and the floating shelter 43 can float in water.
This ensures the safety of the evacuees. The evacuation shelter 41 floating in the water can evacuate the refugee to a safe place by, for example, being transferred by a ship. It can also be suspended from a crane or helicopter with a suspension wire.

[Third shelter: Fig. 16] <Unit bus type>
Next, an evacuation shuter (third shuter) according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of a third shelter (unit bus type shelter).
The structure of the shuter body 61 in the third shelter uses the laminated structure of the first reinforcing material 31a, the foam 32, and the second reinforcing material 31b shown in FIG.
The third shelter uses the unit bus itself as an evacuation shelter. Even if it is damaged by a tsunami, the third shelter is sufficiently strong and airtight, and the hatch 62 faces upward. .

  As shown in FIG. 16, the third shelter includes a shelter body 61, a hatch 62, a weight part 63, a ceiling part 64, a floor part 65, a bathtub 66, a water pipe 67, and a drain port 68. , A ventilation pipe 69, a ventilation opening 70, and a daylighting window 71.

The shelter body 61 includes a box-shaped bottom surface portion, a top surface portion obtained by inverting the box shape, and a side surface portion including four side surfaces, and each portion is fixed with bolts and nuts at an overhang portion that is drawn inward. The connection surface is waterproofed. That is, the shelter body 61 forms the outer wall of the unit bus.
The hatch 62 serves as an entrance / exit of the unit bus, and includes an opening / closing mechanism that opens and closes from the inside and a lock mechanism that locks the hatch 62.

The daylighting window 71 is provided around the hatch 62, for example, on the upper side or the lower side, or both the upper side and the lower side, and is a rotating screw type transparent member (for example, transparent reinforced plastic) that can be opened and closed from both the inside and the outside. Etc.). The daylighting window 71 is configured to be disengaged inside the shuter body 61 in the open state.
Then, a means for releasing the lock mechanism of the hatch 62 is provided inside the shelter body 61 of the daylighting window 71. When functioning as a shelter, a rescuer opens the daylighting window 71 from the outside to release the lock mechanism of the hatch 62. Thus, the opening / closing mechanism is opened, and the hatch 62 can be opened.

The weight part 63 is formed of mortar or the like on the side surface opposite to the side surface on which the hatch 62 is provided. The weight part 63 plays a role of weight when it floats on the water due to the tsunami, and the left side of FIG. 16 where the weight part 63 is located faces downward and the hatch 62 faces upward.
In that case, the bathtub 66 becomes a stepping platform and is used for opening the daylighting window 71 or opening the hatch 62.

The ceiling part 64 constitutes the ceiling of the unit bath, and the floor part 65 constitutes the floor of the unit bath.
The water distribution pipe 67 is a water distribution pipe of the unit bath, and the drainage port 68 is a drainage port for draining to the outside.
The ventilation pipe 69 is a ventilation pipe of a unit bath, and the ventilation opening 70 is a ventilation opening for performing ventilation.

The drainage port 68 and the ventilation port 70 are provided with a lid for closing the tsunami when a disaster is predicted. The lid may be a slide type, a shutter type, or a rotating screw type. However, an airtight structure is required to prevent water from entering from the outside.
In the case of the third shelter, the capacity is about 8 people. Since the third shelter has a large structure, it is suitable for installation in a newly built house or a renovated house.
Since the shelter body 61 is a unit bath type and is expected to be heavy, it is desirable to put a foam (foaming material), but it may be formed without a foam.

[Fourth shelter: Figs. 17 and 18] <Bed type>
Next, an evacuation shelter (fourth shelter) according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a bed-type shelter (fourth shelter), and FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the fourth shelter.
As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the fourth shelter includes a shelter body 75, a hatch 76, a daylighting window 77, and a weight portion 78, and is a bed-type shelter. The fourth shelter can accommodate 1 to 4 people.

As the structure of the shelter body 75 and the hatch 76, the laminated structure of the first reinforcing material 31a, the foam 32, and the second reinforcing material 31b shown in FIG. 11 is used. In addition, the structure which does not put a foam (foaming material) in the structure of the shelter main body 75 and the hatch 76, and the structure which laminates | stacks a plurality of fiber type reinforcing materials on a resin layer may be sufficient.
The opening / closing mechanism between the shelter body 75 and the hatch 76 has a waterproof structure so that one side of the hatch 76 can be freely opened and closed at one side of the shelter body 75 and the connection portion is not submerged.

The shelter body 75 is a storage unit that stores bedding and the like, and a person lies on the storage unit.
In the closed state, the hatch portion 76 includes a locking mechanism in which the other side of the shelter body 75 opposite to the connection portion is in close contact with the other side of the hatch 76 and is locked at the other side. By the lock, the shelter body 75 and the hatch 76 are brought into close contact with each other so that airtightness is maintained.

The daylighting window 77 is preferably provided in the hatch 76 so as to be directly above when the hatch 76 is closed. The daylighting window 77 has a structure that can be opened and closed from the inside and the outside, and is composed of a rotating screw type transparent member.
Then, when the lighting window 77 is opened, a lock releasing mechanism is provided near the lighting window 77 so that the locking mechanism from the outside of the shelter body 75 can be released. A plurality of daylighting windows 77 may be provided.
The daylighting window 77 is also used as a ventilation opening.

The weight portion 78 is a weight for weighting the bottom surface of the storage portion of the shelter body 75, and the hatch 76 faces upward when floating on the water.
In FIG. 17, bedding may be laid on the weight portion 78, and a fixing belt, an emergency meal, a transmitter, an oxygen cylinder, and the like may be provided inside the storage portion of the shelter body 75.

[Another example of the fourth shelter: FIGS. 19 to 23]
Next, another example of the fourth shelter will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing another example (1) of the bed type shelter, FIG. 20 is a schematic view showing another example (2) of the bed type shelter, and FIG. FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing another example (3), FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram showing another example (4) of the bed type shelter, and FIG. 23 shows another example (5) of the bed type shelter. FIG.

In the other examples (1) to (5) of the fourth shelter, the shape of the bed type shelter is mainly described. However, the structure of the shelter body and the hatch is the first strengthening shown in FIG. A laminated structure of the material 31a, the foam 32, and the second reinforcing material 31b is used.
Although not described in FIGS. 19 to 23, the hatch is kept airtight so as not to be submerged in the shelter body in the closed state, and a lock mechanism is provided inside the shelter body.
Furthermore, the hatch is provided with a daylighting window so that the daylighting window can be removed from the inside and the outside. When the daylighting window is opened, the lock mechanism inside the shelter body can be released from the outside. It has become. A plurality of daylighting windows may be provided.

As shown in FIG. 19, another example (1) of the bed type shelter in the fourth shelter has a kamaboko type shape, and a kamaboko type hatch 76 b is attached to a plate-like shelter body 75 b.
The hatch 76b may be opened and closed with the long side of the shelter body 75b as an axis, as in FIGS. 17 and 18, or may be opened and closed with the short side of the shelter body 75b as an axis.

As shown in FIG. 20, another example (2) of the bed-type shelter in the fourth shelter has a shape in which the corners are rounded by making the side surfaces of the long sides trapezoidal without using the hatch 76c as a box shape. It is good.
In this case, the hatch 76c may be opened and closed with the long side of the shelter body 75c as an axis, or may be opened and closed with the short side of the shelter body 75c as an axis.

As shown in FIG. 21, in another example (3) of the bed type shelter in the fourth shelter, the hatch 76d is constituted by the long side surface and the top surface, and the short side surface is attached to the shelter body 75d. ing.
The hatch 76d is connected to the hatch 76d at the long side of the shelter body 75d, and the hatch 76d can be opened and closed with the long side as an axis.

As shown in FIG. 22, another example (4) of the bed type shelter in the fourth shelter has a shape similar to that of the shelter in FIG. 21, but a part of the hatch 76e moves like a shutter to open and close. A shutter unit 79 is provided.
In this case, the daylighting window is provided in the hatch 76 e that is not the shutter unit 79.

As shown in FIG. 23, in another example (5) of the bed type shelter in the fourth shelter, a double door hatch 76f is attached to the shelter body 75f.
In the case of the bed-type shelter of FIG. 23, the hatch 76f opens to both sides, so that the hatch 76f does not get in the way when used as a bed.

The fourth shelter shown in FIGS. 17 to 23 may be towable to a ship or the like by forming a fastener or the like on the outside of the shelter body.
Further, a connecting portion that connects the fourth shelters in the horizontal direction may be provided, and a plurality of the fourth shelters may be connected in the horizontal direction to be stabilized.

The bed type shelter, which is the fourth shelter, has a bed that can be lifted and lowered in a bedridden elderly home or hospital. Therefore, by creating a shelter that matches the standard of the bed to be lifted, Instead of a spherical shelter, she purchased a bed-type shelter, and the family (up to four people) evacuated in the event of a disaster. It is desired that the patient enter the 5 shelter to evacuate and the patient enter the 4th shelter to evacuate.
The fourth shelter may not be an elevating type but may be installed by removing the mat on an ordinary bed. That way, you won't get in the way of your living space.

[Fifth shelter: FIGS. 24-26] <Container type>
Next, an evacuation shelter (fifth shelter) according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 24 is a schematic view of a container-type shelter (fifth shelter), FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional explanatory view of the container-type shelter, and FIG. 26 is a schematic view showing another example of the container-type shelter. .
In the fifth shelter, the existing container is modified for use in the shelter.

Specifically, as shown in FIG. 24, the fifth shelter has an entrance door 82 formed on the side surface of the shelter body 81, and a hatch 83 and a lighting window 84 formed on the upper surface.
In order to maintain airtightness, the door 82 has a structure in which the door 82 is not opened, but is opened and closed only on one side at the half of the short side surface.

Moreover, as shown in FIG. 25, the weight part 85 is formed in the floor.
The weight portion 85 plays a role of weight with mortar or the like so that the hatch 83 is on the upper side when floating on the water. The weight part 85 may be used as a storage part, and water, food, simple toilets, flashlights, radios, simple generators, medical supplies, etc. may be stored.

The shelter body 81 is formed by forming a laminated surface made of waterproof reinforced plastic (FRP) on the inner wall surface or the outer wall surface, or both wall surfaces of materials such as general container steel and aluminum by the hand lay-up method. It is.
Note that the structure of the shelter body 81, the door 82, and the hatch 83 is the same as that of the first reinforcing material 31a shown in FIG. A laminated structure of 32 and the second reinforcing material 31b may be used.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 26, another example of the container-type shelter includes a door 82b formed on the short side surface of the shelter body 81b, and a hatch 83b formed on the top surface of the shelter body 81. A plurality of daylighting windows 84 b are provided in the upper part of the long side surface of the shelter body 81.
A storage portion 85b is formed on the bottom surface of the shelter body 81b, and a staircase is formed from the entrance of the door 82b to the floor surface of the storage portion 85b.
The storage unit 85b may be divided into a plurality of small rooms so that the disaster supplies are stored separately.
Further, a ladder 86 is attached to the side surface of the shelter body 81b so that the hatch 83b can be opened by climbing the top plate of the shelter body 81b.

24 to 26, the hatch 83, 83b may be a mechanism that can be opened and closed from the inside, or a mechanism that can be opened and closed from both the inside and the outside.
If the hatch 83, 83b can be opened and closed only from the inside, the daylighting windows 84, 84b can be removed from the outside, and the hatch 83 is inserted into the shelter body 81, 81b from the daylighting windows 84, 84b. , 83b is unlocked, the opening / closing mechanism is opened, and the hatches 83, 83b can be opened from the outside.

Also in the fifth shelter, a plurality of fasteners and the like may be attached to the outside of the shelter main bodies 81 and 81b so that they can be towed by a ship or the like and can be suspended by a crane so that they can be rescued smoothly.
The fifth shelter can accommodate about 10 to 20 people. The fifth shelter should be installed in a plaza, park, vacant land, etc. along the coast where the evacuation site to the hill is far away so that it can be evacuated immediately in the event of a disaster.

[Effect of the embodiment]
According to this laminated structure, the foam or core material 32 is sandwiched between the first fiber-based reinforcing material 31a and the second fiber-based reinforcing material 31b and bonded and laminated with a resin. Using urethane, polystyrene foam, polyethylene, or polypropylene, using paper honeycomb, aluminum honeycomb, etc. as the core material, using glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, biomass fiber, etc. as the fiber reinforcement, as resin , Unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenol, polyimide, biomass, etc., so that it is manufactured by L-RTM formation method or infusion formation method, and has a structure that can be used for evacuation shelters There is an effect that can be done.

  According to the present shelter (first shelter) 1, it has a spherical shape made of reinforced plastic, and is provided with a daylighting window 17 that can be opened and closed from inside and outside in the vicinity of the hatch 9, and a lock mechanism 9 c of the hatch 9 is provided in the daylighting window 17. One end of a hinge 9b for opening and closing the hatch 9 is connected to the inner side of the entrance / exit 7 of the shelter body 3, and the other end of the hinge 9b is connected to the inner surface of the hatch 9. Since the locking mechanism 9c in the vicinity of the type shelter can be opened from the outside by opening the daylighting window 17, relief work can be easily performed, and when the hatch 9 is closed, the hinge 9b is the shelter body. 3, the hinge 9 b can be made stronger than the configuration provided outside the shelter body 3.

  According to the second shelter, a camping trailer type shelter in which the shelter body 43a is waterproof and has sufficient strength and floats in water, and the connecting structure separates the towing vehicle from the shelter body 43a with respect to the submersible towing vehicle. Therefore, it is possible to prevent being submerged with the towing vehicle and to evacuate more reliably.

  According to the third shelter, since the shelter body 61 is a unit bus type shelter provided with the weight portion 63 on the side surface opposite to the hatch 62, the weight portion 63 remains on the lower side even if damage such as a tsunami occurs. The hatch 62 faces upward, and the daylighting window 71 can be opened from the outside to release the lock mechanism of the hatch 62, thereby making it easier to rescue.

  According to the fourth shelter, since the lid-shaped hatch 76 is attached to the shelter body 75 and the bed-type shelter is provided with the weight portion 78 on the bottom surface of the shelter body 75, the hatch 76 is placed on the upper side even when floating on the water. It can be made to face, and there is an effect that it is easy to rescue.

  According to the fifth shelter, an existing container is used to form a waterproof reinforced plastic laminated surface on the inner wall surface or outer wall surface of the container material, or both wall surfaces of the shelter body 81, 81b. Since the container-type shelter is provided with the hatches 83 and 83b, it is possible to rescue many personnel without incurring costs.

  The present invention provides a shelter for evacuation having a sufficient strength to enable reliable evacuation when an earthquake, flood damage, or even a conflict occurs alone or in combination with a simple structure, and its manufacture Suitable for the method.

  1 ... Shelter for evacuation, 3 ... Shelter body, 3a ... Resin layer, 3b, 3d, 3f ... Roving cloth layer, 3c, 3e, 3g ... Chop strand mat layer, 4. Reinforcement frame plate, 5 ... Evacuation space, 6 ... Grab bar, 7 ... Entrance / exit, 9 ... Hatch, 9a ... Packing, 9b ... Hinge, 9c ... Lock mechanism, 10 ... hook, 11 ... fixed structure, 11a ... floor board, 11b ... opening, 11c ... storage space, 11d ... lid, 13 ... weight (drinking water in a container), 15 ... Ventilation port, 17 ... Daylighting window, 21 ... Installation base, 31a ... First reinforcement, 31b ... Second reinforcement, 32 ... Foam, etc. 40 ... Release mechanism, 40a ... Operation part, 40b ... Power transmission part, 41 ... Evacuation shelter, 43 ... Floating shelter, 43a ... Shelter body, 43b ... Chassis, 43d ... Watertight door, 43e ... Lifesaving device, 43f ... Fastener, 43k ... Ventilator, 43h ... Escape hatch, 43p ... Outer FRP layer, 43q ... Inner FRP layer, 43r ... .Buoyant material layer, 43s ... sunlight panel, 43w ... view window, 45 ... connection mechanism, 45a ... engagement member, 45b ... movable disengagement prevention member, 51 ... living space 53 ... Upper storage space, 55 ... Lower storage space, 61 ... Shelter body, 62 ... Hatch, 63 ... Weight part, 64 ... Ceiling part, 65 ... Floor part , 66 ... Bathtub, 67 ... Water distribution pipe, 68 ... Drainage port, 69 ... Ventilation pipe, 70 ... Ventilation port, 71 ... Lighting window, 75, 75b-f ... The shelter body, 76, 76b to f ... hatch, 77 ... daylighting window, 78 ... weight part, 79 ... shutter part, 81, 81b ... shelter body, 82, 82b ... Door, 83, 83b ... hatch, 84, 84b ... daylighting window, 85 ... weight part, 85b ... storage part, 86 ... ladder, 101 ... shelter system for evacuation, 103 ... Transfer means, 105 ... Stand, 107 ... Hanging mechanism, 109 ... Elevating mechanism, 111 ... Vehicle

Claims (14)

In an evacuation shelter,
The reinforced plastic shelter body has a spherical shape with a hatch,
A lighting window that can be opened and closed from the inside and outside is provided in the vicinity of the hatch,
Provide the hatch unlocking mechanism on the daylighting window side,
An evacuation shelter characterized in that it has a hinge connected at one end to the inner surface of the entrance / exit of the shelter body and connected at the other end to the inner surface of the hatch.   The shelter for evacuation according to claim 1, further comprising a moving structure that has a floor plate that can be stored, and that the floor plate is slid and slid in a specific direction so that the hatch faces from the side surface to the upper surface.   3. A holding bar is formed in a vertical direction so as to connect a bottom portion and an upper portion of the shelter body to a hatch located on a side surface, and a groove of a guide structure for the holding bar is formed on the floor plate. The shelter for evacuation described.   The shelter for evacuation according to claim 3, wherein a ventilation port is provided near the upper part to which the holding bar is connected.   2. An annular packing is formed on the inner peripheral edge of the hatch or on the outer peripheral edge of the shelter body entrance / exit, or on both the inner peripheral edge of the hatch and the outer peripheral edge of the shelter exit / outlet. The shelter for evacuation in any one of thru | or 4.   6. An annular reinforcing member is provided on the inner peripheral edge of the entrance / exit of the shelter body, in the interior between the outer surface and the inner side of the entrance / exit, or on the inner peripheral edge of the hatch. Any shelter for evacuation.   The shelter for evacuation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a hook integrally formed with a connecting portion overlay-connected to an outer surface of the shelter body and a hook portion for connecting the rope. Glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, or biomass fiber fiber-based reinforcing material in unsaturated polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenol, polyimide, or biomass resin in the shelter body and hatch evacuation shelters according to any one of claims 1乃optimum 7, characterized in that it uses.
  The shelter for evacuation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a lead film layer is provided inside the shelter body and the hatch.   The shelter body and the hatch are repeatedly laminated with a roving cloth layer and a chop strand mat layer in order on a resin layer formed of resin, and the roving cloth layer and the chop strand mat layer are impregnated with a resin, The at least 1 layer of a chop strand mat layer is a laminated structure of a 1st fiber type reinforcing material, a foam or a core material, and a 2nd fiber type reinforcing material, The Claim 1 thru | or 8 characterized by the above-mentioned. Evacuation shelter.   The shelter for evacuation according to claim 10, wherein an aramid fiber layer or a basalt fiber layer is laminated instead of at least one chop strand mat layer among a plurality of laminated chop strand mat layers.   11. A lead sheet layer composed of a plurality of small pieces of lead sheet laminated to each other in place of at least one chop strand mat layer among a plurality of laminated chop strand mat layers. The shelter for evacuation described.   The shelter for evacuation according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the chop strand mat layer has a laminated structure in which a core layer of a cotton-like resin material is sandwiched between chop strand mat pieces. In a shelter for evacuation, a manufacturing method for manufacturing a spherical shelter body of a reinforced plastic with a lower mold and an upper mold using an L-RTM molding device,
Forming a resin layer on the inner surface of the lower mold,
Laminating a roving cloth layer and a chop strand mat layer on the surface of the resin layer,
The upper mold is clamped with vacuum pressure,
Injecting a resin material into a mold between the upper mold and the lower mold,
When the resin material is cured, the upper mold is opened, and the shelter body, which is a molded product, is taken out from the lower mold.

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