WO2017113820A1 - 高电压宽温锂离子电池电解液及其制备方法及应用 - Google Patents

高电压宽温锂离子电池电解液及其制备方法及应用 Download PDF

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WO2017113820A1
WO2017113820A1 PCT/CN2016/096166 CN2016096166W WO2017113820A1 WO 2017113820 A1 WO2017113820 A1 WO 2017113820A1 CN 2016096166 W CN2016096166 W CN 2016096166W WO 2017113820 A1 WO2017113820 A1 WO 2017113820A1
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lithium ion
ion battery
solvent
battery electrolyte
high voltage
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English (en)
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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刘鹏
田丽霞
梅银平
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Shijiazhuang San Tai Chemical
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Shijiazhuang San Tai Chemical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0034—Fluorinated solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
    • H01M2300/004—Three solvents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery electrolyte, and particularly relates to a high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof.
  • the electrolyte of the invention has good stability and simple preparation method, and can be effectively applied to the battery to effectively improve the cycle life and high temperature performance of the high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery.
  • Lithium-ion batteries have become the fastest growing and most valued new high-energy batteries due to their high specific energy, small size, light weight, no memory effect and long cycle life.
  • portable electronic devices have been rapidly developed, but the increase in hardware configuration, the increase in screen size, and the diversification of functions have placed increasing demands on the energy density of lithium-ion batteries.
  • Conventional lithium-ion batteries have been unable to meet the requirements. the needs of the people.
  • lithium-ion batteries In order to improve the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, researchers usually develop high-capacity, high-voltage positive electrode materials to solve this problem, such as increasing the working voltage of lithium-cobalt composite oxides and lithium-manganese composite oxides, and developing high operating voltages. Lithium nickel manganese composite oxide and the like. However, these positive electrode materials undergo a structural change in a solvent at a high voltage, the transition metal is easily dissolved, and is deposited on the negative electrode. In addition, a commonly used electrolyte usually decomposes at a voltage higher than 4 V to produce gas. Will result in a decrease in battery performance.
  • the invention provides a high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte and a preparation method thereof and application thereof for improving the energy density of a lithium ion battery and solving the damage of the battery cycle performance caused by the electrolyte solution for increasing the voltage in the prior art. .
  • a high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, a lithium salt and an additive, wherein the organic solvent is composed of a cyclic carbonate solvent, a fluorinated solvent and a carbonate solvent, and the additive is 3-fluoro -1,3 propenyl sultone, the content of the additive in the lithium ion battery electrolyte is from 0.5% to 10%.
  • the concentration of the lithium salt in the organic solvent is 1-1.5 mol/L, and the mass percentage of the fluorinated solvent in the electrolyte is 2-50%.
  • the cyclic carbonate solvent is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -valerolactone.
  • the fluorinated solvent is one or more selected from the group consisting of methyl trifluoroacetate, ethyl trifluoroacetate and butyl trifluoroacetate.
  • the carbonate solvent is selected from one or more of dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, and propyl propionate.
  • the lithium salt is one or more selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , LiClO 4 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , and LiC(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 .
  • a method for preparing a high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte which comprises mixing a cyclic carbonate solvent, a fluorinated solvent and a carbonate solvent, removing impurities, removing water, and dissolving the lithium salt in the above mixture at room temperature. After the solvent is stirred uniformly, 3-fluoro-1,3 propene sultone is added, and the solution is dissolved and filtered to obtain the high-voltage wide-temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte.
  • the above high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte is used in preparing a high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery.
  • the addition of a fluorinated solvent to the electrolyte solvent can reduce the decomposition of the electrolyte at a high voltage and improve the oxidation resistance of the electrolyte.
  • the fluorinated solvent has good wettability and improves the wetting property of the electrolyte.
  • 3-Fluoro-1,3 propane sultone can effectively protect the positive electrode, reduce the dissolution of the transition metal on the positive electrode material, and form the SEI film on the negative electrode to inhibit the deposition and reduction of the transition metal on the negative electrode. Effective protection of the negative electrode. It is beneficial to improve the cycle stability performance and high temperature cycle performance of the battery at high voltage.
  • the preparation method of the high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte of the invention is simple, and can simultaneously improve the interface property between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery and the electrolyte, the stability of the electrolyte is good, and the cycle life and high temperature performance of the high voltage lithium ion battery can be effectively improved. .
  • the high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery prepared by the high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte of the invention has long cycle life, low air expansion rate and good high temperature performance, and the working voltage of the battery can be higher than 4.5V.
  • 3-fluoro-1,3 propane sultone can also inhibit the oxidation or reductive decomposition of the electrolyte on the surface of the electrode material, reduce the damage to the electrode, and improve the compatibility of the electrolyte with the electrode.
  • Figure 1 is a graph showing the cycle performance of the present invention in comparison with a base electrolyte.
  • a high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, LiPF 6 and 3-fluoro1,3-propene sultone, wherein the organic solvent is composed of ethylene carbonate and carbonic acid in a weight ratio of 1:2:0.2.
  • Ethyl ethyl ester, ethyl trifluoroacetate composition the amount of 3-fluoro1,3-propene sultone added in the electrolyte is 2 wt.%, and the concentration of the lithium salt in the organic solvent is 1 mol/L.
  • the ethyl trifluoroacetate was 20% by mass in the electrolyte.
  • the preparation method of the above high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte is:
  • 3-fluoro1,3-propene sultone is prepared by dissolving 1 mol of 1,3-propene sultone in 600 mL of dichloromethane using 1,3-propene sultone as a raw material. Adding 1.05 mol of NBS in portions at 50 ° C for 10 h to obtain the intermediate 3-bromo-1,3-propene sultone, and then placing the obtained intermediate with sodium fluoride in dichloromethane. The exchange reaction was carried out in the presence of cyclodextrin to obtain the product 3-fluoro-1,3-propene sultone.
  • 3-fluoro-1,3 propylene sultone can increase the battery voltage due to the presence of F element, and can be widely used in the high voltage field of lithium ion batteries.
  • 3-Fluoro-1,3-propene sultone can also improve the high temperature cycle characteristics of current ternary battery materials and improve the cycle life of batteries.
  • the high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte of the present embodiment is used for a lithium cobaltate/graphite soft pack battery, and the cycle performance of the lithium cobaltate/graphite flexible packaging battery under the normal temperature environment of 3.0 to 4.95 V, 1 C rate charge and discharge is tested.
  • the capacity retention rate is above 94%.
  • the capacity retention rate is above 91%.
  • the capacity retention rate is about 90%.
  • the capacity retention rate can still be reached. More than 85%.
  • a high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 and 3-fluoro1,3-propene sultone, wherein the organic solvent is 1:2:0.2 by weight ratio
  • the composition of propylene carbonate, methyl propionate and methyl trifluoroacetate, the amount of 3-fluoro1,3-propene sultone added in the electrolyte is 4 wt.%, and the lithium salt is in an organic solvent.
  • the concentration was 1.5 mol/L, and the mass percentage of ethyl trifluoroacetate in the electrolytic solution was 30%.
  • the preparation method of the above high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte is:
  • the high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte of the present embodiment is used for a lithium cobaltate/graphite soft pack battery, and the cycle performance of the lithium cobaltate/graphite flexible packaging battery under the normal temperature environment of 3.0 to 4.95 V, 1 C rate charge and discharge is tested.
  • the capacity retention rate is 93%.
  • the capacity retention rate is 90%.
  • the capacity retention rate is 89%.
  • the capacity retention rate can still reach 85% or more. .
  • a high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, LiClO 4 and 3-fluoro1,3-propene sultone, wherein the organic solvent is ⁇ -butyrolactone in a weight ratio of 1:2:0.2
  • the composition of ethyl propionate and butyl trifluoroacetate, the amount of 3-fluoro1,3-propene sultone added in the electrolyte is 6 wt.%, and the concentration of lithium salt in the organic solvent is 1.2 mol. /L, ethyl trifluoroacetate in a mass percentage of 40% in the electrolyte.
  • the preparation method of the above high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte is:
  • the high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte of the embodiment is used for lithium cobalt oxide/graphite soft package Pool, test lithium cobalt oxide / graphite flexible packaging battery in the normal temperature environment 3.0 ⁇ 4.95V, 1C rate charge and discharge cycle performance.
  • the capacity retention rate is 94%.
  • the capacity retention rate is 91%.
  • the capacity retention rate is 90%.
  • the capacity retention rate can still reach 85% or more. .
  • a high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte comprising an organic solvent, LiSO 3 CF 3 and 3-fluoro1,3-propene sultone, wherein the organic solvent is ⁇ -penta by weight ratio of 1:2:0.2
  • the composition of lactone, propyl propionate and methyl trifluoroacetate, the amount of 3-fluoro1,3-propene sultone added in the electrolyte is 2.5 wt.%, and the concentration of the lithium salt in the organic solvent It was 1.2 mol/L, and the ethyl trifluoroacetate was 35% by mass in the electrolytic solution.
  • the preparation method of the above high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte is:
  • the high voltage wide temperature lithium ion battery electrolyte of the present embodiment is used for a lithium cobaltate/graphite soft pack battery, and the cycle performance of the lithium cobaltate/graphite flexible packaging battery under the normal temperature environment of 3.0 to 4.95 V, 1 C rate charge and discharge is tested.
  • the capacity retention rate is 94%.
  • the capacity retention rate is 91%.
  • the capacity retention rate is 90%.
  • the capacity retention rate can still reach 85% or more. .
  • a high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte mainly comprises the following raw materials: an organic solvent, a conductive lithium salt and a functional additive;
  • the conductive lithium salt is LiPF 6 having a concentration of 1.2 mol/L in an organic solvent; and the functional additive is 2 wt.% of propylene-1,3-sultone (PES).
  • the preparation method of the above high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte is:
  • the high voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of the present embodiment was used for a lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 ) battery.
  • the cycle performance of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 battery under normal temperature environment of 3.5 to 4.95 V, 1 C rate charge and discharge was tested. After 200 weeks of cycle, the capacity retention rate was 92%. After 300 weeks of cycle, the capacity retention rate was 90%. After 400 cycles, the capacity retention rate was 88%. After 500 cycles, the capacity retention rate reached 80%.
  • the conductive lithium salt LiPF 6 has a concentration of 1.0 mol/L in an organic solvent, and the usual additive is 1.0 wt.% of vinylene carbonate and 1.0 wt.% of propane sultone.
  • the additive was 1.0 wt.% of tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile and 2.0 wt.% of 3-fluorobenzonitrile.
  • the preparation method of the above electrolyte solution is:
  • the high-voltage lithium ion battery electrolyte of the invention is applied to a lithium cobaltate/graphite flexible packaging battery, and the cycle performance of the lithium cobaltate/graphite flexible packaging battery in a normal temperature environment of 3.0-4.5 V, 1 C rate charge and discharge is tested.
  • the capacity retention rate was 90%.
  • the capacity retention rate was 85%.
  • the capacity retention rate was 80%.
  • the capacity retention rate reached 70%.

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PCT/CN2016/096166 2015-12-31 2016-08-22 高电压宽温锂离子电池电解液及其制备方法及应用 Ceased WO2017113820A1 (zh)

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CN111092264A (zh) * 2019-12-27 2020-05-01 安普瑞斯（无锡）有限公司 一种高电压电解液及含有该电解液的锂离子电池
CN111443123A (zh) * 2020-04-03 2020-07-24 河南华瑞高新材料有限公司 一种快速判定电解液内锂盐、添加剂性能优劣的方法
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