WO2017057733A1 - ポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017057733A1 WO2017057733A1 PCT/JP2016/079127 JP2016079127W WO2017057733A1 WO 2017057733 A1 WO2017057733 A1 WO 2017057733A1 JP 2016079127 W JP2016079127 W JP 2016079127W WO 2017057733 A1 WO2017057733 A1 WO 2017057733A1
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- pas
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- alkali metal
- sulfur source
- production method
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/025—Preparatory processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G75/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G75/02—Polythioethers
- C08G75/0204—Polyarylenethioethers
- C08G75/0209—Polyarylenethioethers derived from monomers containing one aromatic ring
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing polyarylene sulfide.
- Polyarylene sulfide represented by polyphenylene sulfide (hereinafter also referred to as “PPS”) has heat resistance, chemical resistance, flame resistance, mechanical strength, electrical properties, and dimensional stability. It is an engineering plastic that excels. PAS can be molded into various molded products, films, sheets, fibers, etc. by general melt processing methods such as extrusion molding, injection molding, compression molding, etc., so it can be used in a wide range of fields such as electrical / electronic equipment and automotive equipment. It is widely used.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and a main object thereof is to provide a method for producing a PAS capable of producing a highly viscous PAS in a high yield.
- the present inventors generate a prepolymer until the pH of the reaction system is 11 or less and 10 or more in the pre-stage polymerization step of the PAS production method.
- the PAS production method according to the present invention can be described as follows.
- the PAS production method is a method for producing a polyarylene sulfide in which a sulfur source and a dihaloaromatic compound are polymerized in an organic amide solvent, A preparation step of preparing a mixture containing an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source, a dihaloaromatic compound, and an alkali metal hydroxide; A pre-stage polymerization step for heating the mixture to initiate a polymerization reaction and generating a prepolymer until the pH of the reaction system is 11 or less and 10 or more; A subsequent polymerization step for continuing the polymerization reaction; including.
- a mixture containing less than equimolar alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source is prepared,
- 0.01 to 0.6 mol of alkali metal hydroxide per mol of sulfur source is preferably added all at once or intermittently or continuously to continue the polymerization reaction. .
- the conversion rate of the dihaloaromatic compound is 50% or more in the pre-stage polymerization step.
- the mixture prepared in the charging step is heated to a temperature of 170 to 270 ° C. to cause a polymerization reaction, and then in the post-stage polymerization step, the mixture is heated to a temperature of 245 to 290 ° C. It is preferable to continue the polymerization reaction.
- the polymerization reaction is continued in a state where the inside of the reaction system is phase-separated into a polymer rich phase and a polymer dilute phase in the presence of a phase separation agent in the subsequent polymerization step.
- the polymerization reaction is performed in a uniform liquid phase state in the pre-stage polymerization step and the post-stage polymerization step.
- the PAS production method in the present embodiment includes a preparation step, a pre-stage polymerization step, and a post-stage polymerization step as main steps. Moreover, a dehydration process and a post-processing process can be included if desired. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.
- the distillate containing water is discharged out of the reaction system from the reaction system during the polymerization reaction, which contains a mixture containing an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source, and an alkali metal hydroxide, before the preparation step. It is a process to do.
- the polymerization reaction between the sulfur source and the dihaloaromatic compound is affected by being accelerated or inhibited by the amount of water present in the polymerization reaction system. Therefore, the dehydration step is not indispensable as long as the water content does not inhibit the polymerization reaction, but it is preferable to reduce the water content in the polymerization reaction system by performing a dehydration treatment before the polymerization.
- the dehydration step it is preferable to perform dehydration by heating in an inert gas atmosphere.
- a dehydration process is normally performed within a reaction tank, and the distillate containing water is discharged
- the water to be dehydrated in the dehydration step is hydrated water contained in each raw material charged in the dehydration step, an aqueous medium of an aqueous mixture, water by-produced by a reaction between the raw materials, and the like.
- the heating temperature in the dehydration step is not particularly limited as long as it is 300 ° C. or lower, but is preferably 100 to 250 ° C.
- the heating time is preferably 15 minutes to 24 hours, and more preferably 30 minutes to 10 hours.
- dehydration is performed until the water content falls within a predetermined range. That is, in the dehydration step, dehydration is preferably performed until the amount is preferably 0 to 2 mol, more preferably 0.5 to 1.8 mol, relative to 1 mol of the effective sulfur source.
- the amount of water becomes too small in the dehydration step, water may be added to adjust the desired amount of water in the preparation step prior to the polymerization step.
- the charging step is a step of charging a mixture containing an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source, a dihaloaromatic compound, and an alkali metal hydroxide.
- a mixture charged in the charging step is also referred to as a “charged mixture”.
- the amount of sulfur source in the charged mixture (hereinafter also referred to as “the amount of charged sulfur source” (effective sulfur source)) is the molar amount of hydrogen sulfide volatilized in the dehydration step from the molar amount of the sulfur source charged in the dehydration step. It can be calculated by subtracting the amount.
- the number of moles of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source is preferably less than equimolar, more preferably 0.5 to 0.99 mole, still more preferably 0.7 to 0.98. Mol, even more preferably 0.75 to 0.97 mol, particularly preferably 0.78 mol or more and less than 0.95 mol.
- the number of moles of the alkali metal hydroxide is the number of moles of the alkali metal hydroxide added in the charging step, and the number of moles of the alkali metal hydroxide added in the dehydration step when the dehydration step is performed, and It is calculated on the basis of the number of moles of alkali metal hydroxide produced with the production of hydrogen sulfide in the dehydration step.
- the sulfur source contains an alkali metal sulfide
- the number of moles of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source (prepared sulfur source) is calculated including the number of moles of alkali metal sulfide.
- the number of moles of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source (charged sulfur source) including the number of moles of alkali metal sulfide to be generated shall be calculated.
- the number of moles of alkali metal hydroxide added for other purposes for example, the use of organic carboxylic acid metal salts as a combination of organic carboxylic acid and alkali metal hydroxide as a polymerization aid or phase separation agent
- the number of moles of alkali metal hydroxide is not included in the number of moles of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source (prepared sulfur source).
- the number of moles of alkali metal hydroxide necessary to neutralize the at least one acid is not included in the number of moles of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source (prepared sulfur source).
- an alkali metal hydroxide and water can be added to the mixture remaining in the system after the dehydration step, if necessary.
- the number of moles of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source is 1 It is preferable to add an alkali metal hydroxide so as to be less than a mole.
- the number of moles of the alkali metal hydroxide is less than 1 mole relative to 1 mole of the sulfur source, the production of by-products during the polymerization reaction is suppressed, or the nitrogen content derived from impurities in the produced PAS is reduced. It may be sufficiently small, or the yield of PAS may be sufficiently improved.
- the charging step it is desirable to prepare a charging mixture containing 0.95 to 1.2 mol, more preferably 1 to 1.09 mol of dihaloaromatic compound per mol of sulfur source.
- the pH of the charged mixture is not particularly limited, but is preferably higher than 12.5 and lower than or equal to 14, more preferably 12.6 to 14, still more preferably 12.7 to 13.9.
- the pH value may be set to a desired value by adjusting the ratio of each component such as alkali metal hydroxide.
- the pH can be easily adjusted to a value higher than 12.5.
- the polymerization reaction is stably carried out while suppressing the production of by-products, and it becomes easy to obtain a high-quality PAS.
- the charged mixture in the pre-stage polymerization step described below, is heated to initiate a polymerization reaction between the sulfur source and the dihaloaromatic compound. If the pH is 12.5 or less, it may be difficult to obtain a high-quality PAS even if an alkali metal hydroxide is added during the pre-stage polymerization. If the pH of the charged mixture is too high, the amount of the alkali metal hydroxide is too large, which may increase the quality of the organic amide solvent or cause an abnormal reaction or decomposition reaction during polymerization.
- organic amide solvents include N, N-dimethylformamide, amide compounds such as N, N-dimethylacetamide; N-alkylcaprolactam compounds such as N-methyl- ⁇ -caprolactam; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP N-alkylpyrrolidone compounds such as N-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone or N-cycloalkylpyrrolidone compounds; N, N-dialkylimidazolidinone compounds such as 1,3-dialkyl-2-imidazolidinone; tetramethylurea And tetraalkylurea compounds such as hexamethylphosphoric triamide such as hexamethylphosphoric triamide.
- sulfur sources include alkali metal sulfides, alkali metal hydrosulfides, and hydrogen sulfide.
- alkali metal hydrosulfide examples include lithium hydrosulfide, sodium hydrosulfide, potassium hydrosulfide, rubidium hydrosulfide, and cesium hydrosulfide.
- Dihaloaromatic compounds include o-dihalobenzene, m-dihalobenzene, p-dihalobenzene, dihalotoluene, dihalonaphthalene, methoxy-dihalobenzene, dihalobiphenyl, dihalobenzoic acid, dihalodiphenyl ether, dihalodiphenyl sulfone, dihalodiphenyl sulfoxide, Dihalodiphenyl ketone and the like can be mentioned, and the halogen atom refers to each atom of fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and the two halogen atoms in the dihaloaromatic compound may be the same or different.
- alkali metal hydroxide lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide can be used.
- the polymerization step is a step of polymerizing polyarylene sulfide (PAS) by polymerizing a sulfur source and a dihaloaromatic compound.
- the polymerization step includes two steps, a pre-stage polymerization step and a post-stage polymerization step. Each step will be described below.
- the pre-stage polymerization step is a step of starting the polymerization reaction by heating the mixture and generating a prepolymer until the pH of the reaction system is in the range of 11 or less and 10 or more.
- the pH of the reaction system is in the range of 11 or less and 10 or more in the pre-polymerization step, side reactions are easily suppressed and the melt viscosity of the resulting PAS is difficult to decrease. Therefore, PAS can be obtained with high viscosity and high yield.
- the alkali metal hydroxide In order to control the pH within a desired range, it is preferable to control the alkali metal hydroxide at the time of charging to an arbitrary amount less than equimolar per mole of sulfur source.
- the reaction may be started with an amount of alkali metal hydroxide equal to or greater than 1 mole per mole of sulfur source, and then the pH may be controlled by adding an inorganic acid and / or an organic acid.
- the polymerization reaction method may be a batch method, a continuous method, or a combination of both methods.
- batch polymerization a method using two or more reaction vessels may be used for the purpose of shortening the polymerization cycle time.
- the polymerization reaction may be performed in a state where the PAS and the organic amide solvent are in a homogeneous phase, or the polymerization reaction may be performed in a state where the PAS and the organic amide solvent are separated from each other in a liquid-liquid phase. Good.
- a polymerization reaction is performed in a reaction system in which a polymer to be produced is uniformly dissolved in an organic amide solvent.
- the mixture prepared in the charging step that is, the charging mixture is preferably heated to a temperature of 170 to 270 ° C. to cause a polymerization reaction.
- the polymerization temperature in the pre-stage polymerization step is preferably selected from the range of 180 to 265 ° C. in order to suppress side reactions and decomposition reactions.
- the conversion rate of the dihaloaromatic compound is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 50 to 98%, even more preferably 55 to 97%, and particularly preferably 60 to 95%.
- the conversion rate of the dihaloaromatic compound is calculated based on the amount of the dihaloaromatic compound remaining in the reaction mixture by gas chromatography and based on the remaining amount, the charged amount of the dihaloaromatic compound, and the charged amount of the sulfur source. Can do.
- the pre-stage polymerization step it is preferable to start the polymerization reaction using a charged mixture having a pH of more than 12.5 and not more than 14.
- the amount of at least one of water, alkali metal hydroxide, and organic amide solvent may be changed during the polymerization reaction.
- water or alkali metal hydroxide can be added to the reaction system during the polymerization.
- the polymerization temperature in the subsequent polymerization step is preferably 245 to 290 ° C., more preferably 257 to 285 ° C., and the polymerization reaction is continued.
- the polymerization temperature may be maintained at a constant temperature, or may be raised or lowered stepwise as necessary. From the viewpoint of controlling the polymerization reaction, it is preferable to maintain the temperature constant.
- the polymerization reaction time is generally in the range of 10 minutes to 72 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 48 hours.
- the amount of alkali metal hydroxide added is preferably 0.01 to 0.6 mol, more preferably 0.02 to 0.4 mol, and even more preferably 0, per mol of the sulfur source. 0.03 to 0.35 mol, particularly preferably 0.06 to 0.3 mol.
- the total amount of alkali metal hydroxide per mole of sulfur source is preferably 1.00 to 1.1 mol, more preferably 1.01 to 1.08 mol, and still more preferably 1.02. It is desirable to adjust and add the alkali metal hydroxide so that it is ⁇ 1.06 mol.
- the total amount of alkali metal hydroxide refers to the amount of alkali metal hydroxide present in the charged mixture, the amount of alkali metal hydroxide added in the subsequent polymerization step, and the alkali metal added in the previous polymerization step as desired. It is the total with the amount of hydroxide.
- the addition timing of the alkali metal hydroxide may be at the start of the post-stage polymerization step or in the middle of the post-stage polymerization step.
- the alkali metal hydroxide may be added all at once, or may be added intermittently or continuously. When no alkali metal hydroxide is added in the subsequent polymerization step, the formation of by-products is not suppressed, impurities are increased, and it is difficult to stably obtain a PAS having a high melt viscosity. .
- phase separation polymerization in which the polymerization reaction is continued in a state where the reaction system is phase-separated into a polymer rich phase and a polymer dilute phase in the presence of a phase separation agent.
- the polymerization reaction system polymerization reaction mixture
- a phase separation agent may be added at the beginning of the latter polymerization step, or a phase separation agent may be added during the latter polymerization step to cause phase separation in the middle.
- a phase-separation agent can exist not only in a back
- Phase separation agents include organic carboxylic acid metal salts, organic sulfonic acid metal salts, alkali metal halides, alkaline earth metal halides, alkaline earth metal salts of aromatic carboxylic acids, alkali metal phosphates, alcohols, and paraffins. At least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons and water can be used. Among these, water is preferable because it is inexpensive and can be easily treated. A combination of an organic carboxylate and water is also preferable.
- the above-mentioned salts may be in the form of adding the corresponding acid and base separately.
- the amount of the phase separation agent used varies depending on the type of compound used, but is usually in the range of 0.01 to 20 mol with respect to 1 kg of the organic amide solvent.
- the water content in the reaction system is more preferably 4.1 to 14 mol, particularly preferably 4.2 to 10 mol, per kg of the organic amide solvent. It is desirable to add water.
- PAS polymerization reaction solution a PAS production method in which a sulfur source and a dihaloaromatic compound are polymerized in an organic amide solvent in a PAS polymerization reaction liquid after starting the polymerization reaction (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “PAS polymerization reaction liquid”).
- PAS polymerization reaction liquid By-products generated as by-products are suppressed.
- the by-product here refers to chlorophenylmethylaminobutanoic acid (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “CPMABA”) and phenol.
- CPMABA chlorophenylmethylaminobutanoic acid
- the content of CPMABA is 16000 ppm or less.
- the content of phenol is suppressed to 2100 ppm or less.
- a melt viscosity of 0.1 to 3000 Pa ⁇ s measured at an average particle size of 10 to 5000 ⁇ m, a temperature of 310 ° C. and a shear rate of 1216 sec ⁇ 1 described later, and a nitrogen content PAS of 600 ppm or less can be obtained with high yield.
- the PAS yield is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 87% or more, and particularly preferably 88%.
- the upper limit of the PAS yield is not particularly limited, and may be 100% or less, 99%, or 95%.
- the amount of CPMABA produced in the PAS polymerization reaction solution is preferably 9000 ppm or less, more preferably 8000 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 7000 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the amount of CPMABA produced is preferably 0 ppm, but about 100 ppm may be the lower limit.
- CPMABA production amount The content of CPMABA in the PAS polymerization reaction solution (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “CPMABA production amount”) can be measured by the following method.
- the slurry-like reaction vessel contents containing PAS are cooled to room temperature, and only a liquid component is fractionated from the portion by centrifugation.
- the collected liquid component is precisely weighed in a measuring flask, mixed with an aqueous solution having an acetonitrile content of 40% by mass, and then shaken to extract CPMABA.
- the solution from which CPMABA has been extracted is filtered through a membrane filter, and the content of CPMABA is measured using this filtrate as a measurement sample.
- the measurement is performed using high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) using synthesized CPMABA as a standard substance, and CPMABA in the measurement sample is quantified to obtain the production amount of CPMABA (unit: ppm).
- HPLC high-performance liquid chromatograph
- the number of moles of CPMABA relative to 1 mole of the sulfur source may be calculated and used as the amount of CPMABA produced as a by-product (unit: mmol / mol).
- the amount of phenol produced in the PAS polymerization reaction solution is preferably 2100 ppm or less, more preferably 2000 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the amount of phenol produced is preferably 0 ppm, but about 100 ppm may be the lower limit.
- the content of phenol in the PAS polymerization reaction solution (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “the amount of phenol produced”) can be measured by the following method.
- the slurry-like reaction vessel contents containing PAS are cooled to room temperature, and only a liquid component is separated from the portion by centrifugation.
- the liquid component is precisely weighed into a measuring flask, mixed with acetone, and shaken to extract phenol.
- the phenol content is measured using the phenol extracted solution as a measurement sample.
- the measurement is performed by gas chromatography (GC) using phenol manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. as a standard substance, and the amount of phenol in the measurement sample is determined to obtain the amount of phenol produced (unit: ppm). .
- GC gas chromatography
- the number of moles of phenol relative to 1 mole of the sulfur source may be calculated, and the amount of phenol as a by-product (unit: mmol / mol) may be calculated.
- the post-treatment step is a step of removing polyarylene sulfide by removing unnecessary components from the slurry obtained in the polymerization step.
- the post-treatment process in the PAS production method of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a process that is usually used in the production of PAS.
- the reaction mixture may be cooled to obtain a slurry containing a polymer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “product slurry”).
- product slurry a slurry containing a polymer
- PAS can be recovered by filtering the cooled product slurry as it is or after diluting with water or the like, and repeatedly drying by washing and filtering.
- a method for producing a PAS of the present invention in particular, in the subsequent polymerization step, when the polymerization reaction is continued in a state where the reaction system is phase-separated into a polymer rich phase and a polymer dilute phase in the presence of a phase separation agent, Since granular PAS can be produced, a method of separating the granular polymer from the reaction solution by a method of sieving using a screen is preferable from the viewpoint of being easily separated from by-products and oligomers. Thereby, granular PAS of 30 ⁇ m or more, preferably 35 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 50 ⁇ m or more can be effectively recovered.
- the product slurry may be sieved with the polymer in a high temperature state.
- a fine powdery PAS can be generated.
- the separation method the fine powder polymer can be separated from the reaction solution.
- This finely powdered PAS has a narrow particle size distribution and high uniformity. Therefore, this fine powder PAS does not require sieving to make the particle size distribution uniform.
- PAS may be washed with hot water or the like.
- the produced PAS can also be treated with a salt such as acid or ammonium chloride.
- PAS obtained According to the method for producing a PAS of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a high-quality PAS with less by-products and less impurities.
- the PAS obtained by the production method of the present invention has an average particle size of usually 10 to 5000 ⁇ m, preferably 30 to 4000 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 3000 ⁇ m, and is measured at a temperature of 310 ° C. and a shear rate of 1216 sec ⁇ 1 .
- PAS having excellent handleability when the melt viscosity is usually 0.1 to 3000 Pa ⁇ s, preferably 0.5 to 2000 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 1 to 1000 Pa ⁇ s, and further preferably 5 to 500 Pa ⁇ s.
- the melt viscosity of PAS can be measured at a predetermined temperature and shear rate condition using a capillograph using about 20 g of a dry polymer.
- the PAS obtained by the PAS production method of the present invention is a high-quality PAS with few impurities.
- the high quality index include the nitrogen content in PAS.
- the method for producing a PAS of the present invention it is possible to obtain a PAS having a nitrogen content of preferably 600 ppm or less.
- the nitrogen content in PAS is more preferably 590 ppm or less, still more preferably 580 ppm or less.
- the lower limit of the nitrogen content in the PAS is 0 ppm, but in many cases, the lower limit may be about 10 ppm.
- the nitrogen content in PAS can be measured by accurately weighing about 1 mg of a polymer sample and performing elemental analysis using a trace nitrogen sulfur analyzer.
- the PAS obtained by the production method of the PAS of the present invention is used as it is or after being oxidatively crosslinked, and various kinds of injection-molded articles are blended alone or optionally with various inorganic fillers, fibrous fillers and various synthetic resins. And can be formed into extruded products such as sheets, films, fibers and pipes.
- the PAS obtained by the PAS production method of the present invention has a good color tone.
- the PAS compound obtained by the production method of the present invention is suitable for the field of electronic devices where the amount of volatile matter generated is small and volatile matter is expected to be suppressed.
- PAS is not particularly limited, and is preferably polyphenylene sulfide (PPS).
- melt viscosity Using about 20 g of the dried polymer, the melt viscosity was measured by Capillograph 1-C manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd. At this time, the capillary used a flat die of 1 mm ⁇ ⁇ 10 mmL, and the set temperature was 310 ° C. The polymer sample was introduced into the apparatus and held for 5 minutes, and then the melt viscosity (hereinafter also referred to as “MV”) at a shear rate of 1216 sec ⁇ 1 was measured (unit: Pa ⁇ s).
- MV melt viscosity
- Polymer yield The yield of PAS (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “polymer”) is the polymer mass (theoretical amount) on the assumption that all the effective sulfur sources present in the reaction vessel after the dehydration step have been converted to polymer. was used as a reference value, and the proportion of the polymer mass actually recovered with respect to this reference value was calculated as the polymer yield (unit: mass%).
- the mixture was diluted 10 times with purified water (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) and measured at room temperature using a pH meter.
- Example 1 Dehydration process: As a sulfur source, 2003 g of an aqueous solution of sodium hydrosulfide (NaSH) having an analysis value of 62.5% by mass based on an iodometry method was used. The analytical value of NaSH by neutralization titration of this sulfur source is 61.09% by mass (22.26 mol), and 0.25 mol of sodium sulfide (Na 2 S) is contained.
- NaSH sodium hydrosulfide
- H 2 S hydrogen sulfide
- Post-processing process After the completion of the polymerization reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then the polymer was sieved with a 100 mesh sieve. The polymer separated on the sieve was washed three times with acetone, washed three times with water, then washed with 0.3% by mass acetic acid, and further washed four times with water to obtain a washed polymer. The washed polymer was dried at 105 ° C. for 13 hours. The yield of the granular polymer thus obtained was 91%. The characteristics of the polymer are shown in Table 1 together with the amount of by-products produced.
- Example 1 except that the conversion rate of pDCB in the pre-stage polymerization step was 60% and the pH at the end of the pre-stage polymerization was 10.9, and then the total NaOH / effective S was 1.055 (mol / mol). In the same manner, a granular polymer was obtained with a yield of 88%. The characteristics of the polymer are shown in Table 1 together with the amount of by-products produced.
- Comparative Example 2 Comparative example except that polymerization was performed by continuously raising the temperature from 220 ° C. to 250 ° C. over 75 minutes (the conversion rate of pDCB in the pre-stage polymerization step was 78%, and the pH at the end of the pre-stage polymerization was 11.9). In the same manner as in No. 1, polymerization reaction, post-treatment, and drying were performed. The yield of the finely divided polymer thus obtained was 83%. The characteristics of the polymer are shown in Table 1 together with the amount of by-products produced.
- the PAS manufacturing method according to the present invention can be used as an engineering plastic as a suitable manufacturing method of PAS used in a wide range of fields such as electrical / electronic equipment and automobile equipment.
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Abstract
Description
有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、ジハロ芳香族化合物、及びアルカリ金属水酸化物を含有する混合物を調製する仕込み工程と、
混合物を加熱して重合反応を開始させ、反応系のpHが11以下10以上の範囲になるまでプレポリマーを生成させる前段重合工程と、
重合反応を継続する後段重合工程と、
を含む。
後段重合工程において、硫黄源1モル当たり0.01~0.6モルのアルカリ金属水酸化物を、好ましくは一括で又は断続的に若しくは連続的に添加して、重合反応を継続することが好ましい。
本発明に係るPASの製造方法の一実施形態について以下に説明する。本実施形態におけるPASの製造方法は、主な工程として、仕込み工程と、前段重合工程と、後段重合工程と、を含む。また、所望により、脱水工程や後処理工程を含むことができる。以下、各工程について詳細に説明する。
脱水工程は、仕込み工程の前に、有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、及びアルカリ金属水酸化物を含む混合物を含有する、重合反応時の反応系内から水を含む留出物を反応系外に排出する工程である。
仕込み工程は、有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、ジハロ芳香族化合物、及びアルカリ金属水酸化物を含む混合物を仕込む工程である。仕込み工程において仕込まれる混合物を、「仕込み混合物」とも称する。
ジハロ芳香族化合物としてはo-ジハロベンゼン、m-ジハロベンゼン、p-ジハロベンゼン、ジハロトルエン、ジハロナフタレン、メトキシ-ジハロベンゼン、ジハロビフェニル、ジハロ安息香酸、ジハロジフェニルエーテル、ジハロジフェニルスルホン、ジハロジフェニルスルホキシド、ジハロジフェニルケトン等が挙げられ、ハロゲン原子は、フッ素、塩素、臭素、及びヨウ素の各原子を指し、ジハロ芳香族化合物における2個のハロゲン原子は、同じでも異なっていてもよい。
重合工程は、硫黄源とジハロ芳香族化合物とを重合反応させ、ポリアリーレンスルフィド(PAS)を重合する工程である。重合工程は、前段重合工程と後段重合工程の2つの工程を含む。各工程について以下に説明する。
前段重合工程は、混合物を加熱して重合反応を開始させ、反応系のpHが11以下10以上の範囲になるまでプレポリマーを生成させる工程である。前段重合工程において反応系のpHが11以下10以上の範囲であると、副反応が抑制されやすく、また、得られるPASの溶融粘度が低下しにくい。したがって、高粘度でかつ高収率でPASを得ることができる。
後段重合工程は、重合反応を継続する工程である。
本発明では、重合反応開始後のPAS重合反応液(以下、単に「PAS重合反応液」ということがある。)において有機アミド溶媒中で硫黄源とジハロ芳香族化合物とを重合させるPASの製造方法において副生する副生成物が抑えられている。ここでの副生成物とは、クロロフェニルメチルアミノブタン酸(以下、「CPMABA」ということがある。)やフェノールを指す。PAS重合反応液中において、CPMABAの含有量が16000ppm以下である。また、フェノールの含有量が2100ppm以下に抑えられている。これによって本発明のPASの製造法によれば、後に説明する平均粒径10~5000μm、温度310℃及びせん断速度1216sec-1で測定した溶融粘度0.1~3000Pa・s、かつ、窒素含有量600ppm以下であるPASを、高収率で得ることができる。本発明のPASの製造法において、PASの収率は、85%以上であることが好ましく、87%以上であることがより好ましく、88%であることが特に好ましい。上記PASの収率の上限は、特に限定されず、100%以下でよく、99%でもよく、また、95%でもよい。
[CPMABAの生成量]
PAS重合反応液中のCPMABAの生成量は、好ましくは9000ppm以下、より好ましくは8000ppm以下、特に好ましくは7000ppm以下である。CPMABAの生成量の下限値は0ppmであることが好ましいが、100ppm程度を下限値としてもよい。
PAS重合反応液中のフェノールの生成量は、好ましくは2100ppm以下、より好ましくは2000ppm以下である。フェノールの生成量の下限値は0ppmであることが好ましいが、100ppm程度を下限値としてもよい。
後処理工程は、重合工程で得られたスラリーから不要な成分を除去し、ポリアリーレンスルフィドを得る工程である。本発明のPASの製造方法における後処理工程は、PASの製造において通常用いられる工程であれば特に限定されない。
本発明のPASの製造方法によれば、副生成物の生成が抑制され、不純物が少ない高品質のPASを得ることができる。本発明の製造方法によって得られるPASとしては、平均粒径が、通常10~5000μm、好ましくは30~4000μm、より好ましくは50~3000μmであり、かつ、温度310℃、せん断速度1216sec-1で測定した溶融粘度が、通常0.1~3000Pa・s、好ましくは0.5~2000Pa・s、より好ましくは1~1000Pa・s、更に好ましくは5~500Pa・sであることにより取扱い性に優れるPASを高収率で得ることができる。なお、PASの溶融粘度は、乾燥ポリマー約20gを用いてキャピログラフを使用して、所定の温度及びせん断速度条件で測定することができる。
乾燥ポリマー約20gを用いて、東洋精機株式会社製キャピログラフ1-Cにより溶融粘度を測定した。この際、キャピラリーは、1mmφ×10mmLのフラットダイを使用し、設定温度は、310℃とした。ポリマー試料を装置に導入し、5分間保持した後、せん断速度1216sec-1での溶融粘度(以下、「MV」ともいう。)を測定した(単位:Pa・s)。
PAS(以下、単に「ポリマー」ということがある。)の収率は、脱水工程後の反応缶中に存在する有効硫黄源の全てがポリマーに転換したと仮定したときのポリマー質量(理論量)を基準値として、この基準値に対する実際に回収したポリマー質量の割合を算出し、ポリマーの収率とした(単位:質量%)。
混合物を精製水(関東化学株式会社製)で10倍に希釈し、pHメーターを使用して室温で測定した。
硫黄分として水硫化ナトリウム(NaSH)及び硫化ナトリウム(Na2S)を含む硫黄源について、ヨージメトリー法により硫黄分の全量を求め、中和滴定法により上記硫黄源中のNaSHの量を求めた。硫黄分の全量からNaSHの量を差し引いた残りをNa2Sの量とした。
1.脱水工程:
硫黄源として、ヨージメトリー法による分析値が62.5質量%の水硫化ナトリウム(NaSH)水溶液を2003g用いた。この硫黄源の中和滴定法によるNaSH分析値は、61.09質量%(22.26モル)であり、硫化ナトリウム(Na2S)が0.25モル含まれている。上記水硫化ナトリウム水溶液、及び73.3質量%の水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)水溶液952gを、N-メチル-ピロリドン(NMP)6004gと共にチタン内張り20リットルオートクレーブ(反応缶)に投入した。水硫化ナトリウムと硫化ナトリウムとからなる硫黄源を「S」と表記すると、脱水前のNaOH/Sは、0.85(モル/モル、以下「mol/mol」と表記することがある。)となる。反応缶内を窒素ガスで置換した後、約2時間かけて、撹拌しながら徐々に温度200℃まで昇温して、水935gとNMP701gとを留出させた。この際、0.48モルの硫化水素(H2S)が揮散した。したがって、脱水工程後の缶内の有効S量(即ち、「仕込み硫黄源」の量)は、21.85モルとなった。H2S揮散分は、反応缶に投入した硫黄源に対して、2.16モル%に相当した。
脱水工程の後、反応缶を温度170℃まで冷却し、p-ジクロロベンゼン(以下、「pDCB」ということがある。)3292g〔pDCB/有効S=1.025(モル/モル)〕、NMP2891g〔NMP/有効S=375(g/モル)〕、及び水156gを加え、更に、缶内NaOH/有効S=0.85(モル/モル)になるように、純度97質量%のNaOHを加えて仕込み混合物を得た〔缶内の合計水量/S=1.5(モル/モル)〕。
反応缶に備え付けた撹拌機を回転して仕込み混合物を撹拌しながら、温度220℃から250℃まで75分かけて連続的に昇温して重合させた(前段重合工程)。pDCBの転化率は78%、前段重合終了時のpHは10.1であった。
重合反応終了後の反応混合物を室温まで冷却した後、ポリマーを100メッシュの篩で篩分した。篩上に分離したポリマーを、アセトンにより3回洗浄し、水洗を3回行った後、0.3質量%酢酸による洗浄を行い、更に水洗を4回行って洗浄ポリマーを得た。洗浄ポリマーは、温度105℃で13時間乾燥した。こうして得られた顆粒状ポリマーの収率は、91%であった。ポリマーの特性を、副生成物の生成量等と共に表1に示す。
pDCB/有効S=1.04(モル/モル)とし、温度220℃から240℃まで60分かけて連続的に昇温して重合させ(前段重合工程におけるpDCBの転化率は72%、前段重合終了時のpHは10.8)、その後、合計NaOH/有効S=1.05(モル/モル)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして顆粒状ポリマーを収率91%で得た。ポリマーの特性を、副生成物の生成量等と共に表1に示す。
pDCB/有効S=1.05(モル/モル)、缶内NaOH/有効S=0.80(モル/モル)とし、温度220℃から230℃まで40分かけて連続的に昇温して重合させ(前段重合工程におけるpDCBの転化率は60%、前段重合終了時のpHは10.9)、その後、合計NaOH/有効S=1.055(モル/モル)とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして顆粒状ポリマーを収率88%で得た。ポリマーの特性を、副生成物の生成量等と共に表1に示す。
仕込み工程で、pDCB/有効S=1.055(モル/モル)、合計NaOH/有効Sを1.065(モル/モル)とし、温度220℃から260℃まで90分かけて連続的に昇温して重合させ(前段重合工程におけるpDCBの転化率は90%、前段重合終了時のpHは11.7)、後段重合では水のみを圧入した以外は、実施例1と同様にして重合反応、後処理、及び乾燥を行った。こうして得られた顆粒状ポリマーの収率は、86%であった。ポリマーの特性を、副生成物の生成量等と共に表1に示す。
温度220℃から250℃まで75分かけて連続的に昇温して重合させた(前段重合工程におけるpDCBの転化率は78%、前段重合終了時のpHは11.9)以外は、比較例1と同様にして重合反応、後処理、及び乾燥を行った。こうして得られた微粉状ポリマーの収率は、83%であった。ポリマーの特性を、副生成物の生成量等と共に表1に示す。
Claims (7)
- 有機アミド溶媒中で硫黄源とジハロ芳香族化合物とを重合させるポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法において、
有機アミド溶媒、硫黄源、ジハロ芳香族化合物、及びアルカリ金属水酸化物を含有する混合物を調製する仕込み工程と、
混合物を加熱して重合反応を開始させ、反応系のpHが11以下10以上の範囲になるまでプレポリマーを生成させる前段重合工程と、
重合反応を継続する後段重合工程と、
を含む、ポリアリーレンスルフィドの製造方法。 - 仕込み工程において、硫黄源1モル当たり等モル未満のアルカリ金属水酸化物を含有する混合物を調製し、
後段重合工程において、硫黄源1モル当たり0.01~0.6モルのアルカリ金属水酸化物を添加して、重合反応を継続する請求項1に記載の製造方法。 - 前段重合工程において、ジハロ芳香族化合物の転化率が50%以上になるまでプレポリマーを生成させる請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 仕込み工程において、硫黄源1モル当たり0.5~0.99モルのアルカリ金属水酸化物を含有する混合物を調製する請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前段重合工程において、仕込み工程で調製した混合物を温度170~270℃に加熱して重合反応させた後、後段重合工程において、温度245~290℃に加熱して重合反応を継続する請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 後段重合工程において、相分離剤の存在下で反応系内がポリマー濃厚相とポリマー希薄相とに相分離した状態で重合反応を継続する請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 前段重合工程及び後段重合工程において、重合反応を均一液相状態で行う請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
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