WO2017056534A1 - 粗化処理銅箔、銅張積層板及びプリント配線板 - Google Patents
粗化処理銅箔、銅張積層板及びプリント配線板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017056534A1 WO2017056534A1 PCT/JP2016/061317 JP2016061317W WO2017056534A1 WO 2017056534 A1 WO2017056534 A1 WO 2017056534A1 JP 2016061317 W JP2016061317 W JP 2016061317W WO 2017056534 A1 WO2017056534 A1 WO 2017056534A1
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- Prior art keywords
- copper foil
- roughened
- needle
- treatment
- metal
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- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
- B32B2307/206—Insulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/538—Roughness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/748—Releasability
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/08—PCBs, i.e. printed circuit boards
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
- H05K2201/0355—Metal foils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/03—Metal processing
- H05K2203/0307—Providing micro- or nanometer scale roughness on a metal surface, e.g. by plating of nodules or dendrites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/03—Metal processing
- H05K2203/0315—Oxidising metal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
- H05K2203/0703—Plating
- H05K2203/0723—Electroplating, e.g. finish plating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
- H05K2203/0703—Plating
- H05K2203/0726—Electroforming, i.e. electroplating on a metallic carrier thereby forming a self-supporting structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/07—Treatments involving liquids, e.g. plating, rinsing
- H05K2203/0756—Uses of liquids, e.g. rinsing, coating, dissolving
- H05K2203/0776—Uses of liquids not otherwise provided for in H05K2203/0759 - H05K2203/0773
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
- H05K2203/11—Treatments characterised by their effect, e.g. heating, cooling, roughening
- H05K2203/1157—Using means for chemical reduction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12431—Foil or filament smaller than 6 mils
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12431—Foil or filament smaller than 6 mils
- Y10T428/12438—Composite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12583—Component contains compound of adjacent metal
- Y10T428/1259—Oxide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a roughened copper foil, a copper clad laminate, and a printed wiring board.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2014/126193
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. 2015/040998
- each of the roughening treatment layers having fine irregularities disclosed in Patent Documents 1 and 2 is formed through a redox treatment after a preliminary treatment such as alkaline degreasing.
- the fine irregularities thus formed have a specific shape composed of needle-shaped crystals of a copper composite compound, and the roughened surface provided with such fine irregularities is a roughened surface formed by adhesion of fine copper grains. It is generally finer than the treated surface and the roughened treated surface provided with irregularities by etching.
- the present inventors have generally made the surface of the needle-like crystals entirely composed of Cu metal and Cu. It was found that the adhesiveness to the insulating resin and the reliability (for example, moisture absorption heat resistance) were significantly improved by using a mixed phase of 2 O.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a roughened copper foil that can significantly improve the adhesion to an insulating resin and the reliability (for example, moisture absorption heat resistance).
- a roughened copper foil having a roughened surface provided with fine irregularities formed of needle-like crystals on at least one side, and the surface of the needle-like crystals is entirely formed.
- a roughened copper foil comprising a mixed phase of Cu metal and Cu 2 O is provided.
- a copper-clad laminate including the roughened copper foil of the above aspect.
- a printed wiring board provided with the roughened copper foil of the above aspect is provided.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional SEM image obtained by photographing a cross section of fine irregularities constituting the roughened surface of the roughened copper foil obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. 4 is a STEM-HAADF image obtained by photographing a cross section of fine irregularities (particularly needle-like crystals) constituting the roughened surface of the roughened copper foil obtained in Example 1.
- 4 is a TEM image obtained by photographing a cross section of fine irregularities (particularly needle-like crystals) constituting the roughened surface of the roughened copper foil obtained in Example 1.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged image of the TEM image shown in FIG. 3.
- STEM-HAADF image showing the needle-like crystals constituting the fine irregularities of the roughened copper foil obtained in Example 1, and the needle portion marked with a circle in this image and each portion of the copper foil bulk were obtained. It is a figure which shows collectively the spectrum of EELS regarding Cu-L 2,3 end.
- STEM-HAADF image showing the needle tip of the needle-like crystal constituting the fine irregularities of the roughened copper foil obtained in Example 1, and the outer peripheral part marked with a circle and the core part. It is a figure which shows collectively the spectrum of EELS regarding the made Cu-L 2,3 end.
- the copper foil of the present invention is a roughened copper foil.
- This roughened copper foil has a roughened surface on at least one side.
- the roughened surface has fine irregularities composed of acicular crystals, and such fine irregularities can be formed through oxidation-reduction treatment, and typically the acicular crystals are formed on the copper foil surface.
- it is observed in a shape (for example, a lawn) overgrown in a substantially vertical and / or oblique direction.
- the roughened surface is a surface of the needle-like crystals made of the mixed phase of Cu metal and Cu 2 O throughout.
- the surface of the needle-like crystals is made of a mixed phase of Cu metal and Cu 2 O over the whole, Adhesion and reliability (for example, moisture absorption heat resistance) can be significantly improved.
- the adhesiveness with the insulating resin the roughened copper foil of the present invention is excellent not only in the normal adhesiveness but also in the adhesiveness after moisture absorption or after acid treatment, and does not depend on the process history. It is possible to exhibit stable and high adhesion.
- the roughened copper foil of the present invention is deformed (for example, swollen) even after being left in a high humidity environment for a long time and subjected to high temperature processing (for example, treatment in a reflow furnace). Excellent moisture absorption heat resistance of exhibiting no or almost no.
- the surface of the acicular crystal in the conventional roughened copper foil as disclosed in Patent Document 1 is mainly composed of Cu metal, and Cu metal The Cu 2 O mixed phase is only locally scattered.
- the needle-like crystal of the roughened copper foil of the present invention is composed of a mixed phase of Cu metal and Cu 2 O over the entire surface, so that the surface of the needle-like crystal is larger than the conventional roughened copper foil.
- Cu 2 O exists uniformly in a planar shape.
- Cu 2 O is considered to be more easily chemically bonded to the insulating resin than Cu metal.
- Cu 2 O which is more easily chemically bonded to the insulating resin, is uniformly present on the surface of the needle-like crystal, so that reliability such as adhesion to the insulating resin and moisture absorption heat resistance is significantly improved. It is thought that it may improve.
- the fine irregularities on the roughened surface are composed of acicular crystals.
- the height of the acicular crystal (that is, the height measured in the vertical direction from the root of the acicular crystal) is preferably 50 to 400 ⁇ m, more preferably 100 to 400 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 150 to 350 ⁇ m.
- the height of such acicular crystals is relatively lower than the acicular crystals in the conventional roughened copper foil.
- the surface of the needle crystal is entirely composed of a mixed phase of Cu metal and Cu 2 O as described above, so that rather high adhesion can be realized. .
- the relatively low acicular crystal height is caused by the redox treatment for forming fine irregularities whose surface is composed of acicular crystals composed of a mixed phase of Cu metal and Cu 2 O throughout. It can be said that.
- the fine irregularities formed through such oxidation-reduction treatment typically have a rounded tip of the needle-like crystal.
- the acicular crystals are densely gathered at random to form a roughened layer rich in voids, and more preferably, the roughened layer rich in voids is , Needle-like crystals are densely packed in a lawn shape.
- the presence of the mixed phase of Cu metal and Cu 2 O on the surface of the needle-like crystal is caused by Cu-L by EELS (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy) (hereinafter referred to as STEM-EELS) using STEM (Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope). It can be confirmed by acquiring an edge electron energy loss spectrum and performing identification. The spectrum resulting in the Cu metal / Cu 2 O mixed phase will be described in more detail in the examples described later. In principle, it can be performed by confirming that the following i) to iv) are satisfied. Note that the term “near XeV” (X is an arbitrary value) described in the following criteria allows variation in the range of X ⁇ 5 eV.
- the thickness of the mixed phase of Cu metal and Cu 2 O on the surface of the needle-like crystal is typically 10 nm or less, and more typically 1 to 5 nm. With such a thickness, the reactivity between the needle-like crystal and the insulating resin is improved, and not only the adhesion in a normal state but also the adhesion after moisture absorption or after acid treatment is improved.
- the lower limit of the thickness of this mixed phase is not particularly limited, and is the minimum value that can be confirmed by one atom or by an analytical instrument.
- the inside of the acicular crystal located inside the surface constituted by this mixed phase is typically constituted by a single phase of Cu metal. It can be confirmed that the inside of the acicular crystal is composed of a single phase of Cu metal by obtaining an electron energy loss spectrum at the Cu-L end by STEM-EELS and performing identification. In principle, the spectrum resulting from Cu metal can be identified by confirming that the following 1) to 4) are satisfied. 1) It has a peak P 938 in the vicinity of about 938 eV. 2) It also has a peak P959 in the vicinity of about 959 eV. 3) the intensity I 959 of the peak P 938 is higher than the intensity I 938 of the peak P 959 (i.e. I 938 ⁇ I 959). 4) There are two more peaks in the vicinity of 940 to 950 eV.
- the thickness of the roughened copper foil of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 35 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 18 ⁇ m.
- the roughening copper foil of this invention is not restricted to what roughened the surface of normal copper foil, Even if it roughened the copper foil surface of copper foil with a carrier. Good.
- the roughened copper foil according to the present invention may be produced by any method, but is preferably produced through an oxidation-reduction treatment.
- This preferable manufacturing method includes a step of preparing a copper foil and a roughening step (oxidation-reduction treatment) in which a first pretreatment, a second pretreatment, an oxidation treatment, and a reduction treatment are sequentially performed on the surface. .
- the copper foil As copper foil used for manufacture of a roughening process copper foil, use of both electrolytic copper foil and rolled copper foil is possible, More preferably, it is electrolytic copper foil. Further, the copper foil may be a non-roughened copper foil or a pre-roughened copper foil. The thickness of the copper foil is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 to 35 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.5 to 18 ⁇ m. When the copper foil is prepared in the form of a copper foil with a carrier, the copper foil is prepared by a wet film formation method such as an electroless copper plating method and an electrolytic copper plating method, a dry film formation method such as sputtering and chemical vapor deposition, or It may be formed by a combination thereof.
- a wet film formation method such as an electroless copper plating method and an electrolytic copper plating method
- a dry film formation method such as sputtering and chemical vapor deposition
- the surface of the copper foil to be roughened preferably has a surface with a ten-point average roughness Rzjis measured in accordance with JIS B0601-2001 of 1.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1. It is 3 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less. Although a lower limit is not specifically limited, For example, it is 0.1 micrometer or more.
- Roughening treatment (redox treatment)
- a wet roughening treatment in which a first pretreatment, a second pretreatment, an oxidation treatment, and a reduction treatment are sequentially performed.
- a copper compound containing CuO is formed on the surface of the copper foil by subjecting the surface of the copper foil to an oxidation treatment by a wet method using a solution.
- the copper compound is reduced to convert CuO into Cu metal or Cu 2 O, so that the inside is Cu metal and the entire surface is composed of needle-like crystals composed of a mixed phase of Cu metal and Cu 2 O. Fine irregularities can be formed on the surface of the copper foil.
- the fine unevenness is formed of a copper compound containing CuO as a main component at the stage where the surface of the copper foil is oxidized by a wet method. Then, the copper compound when reduction treatment, while generally maintaining the shape of the formed fine unevenness by the copper compound, CuO is converted to Cu metal and Cu 2 O, and Cu metal across its surface the fine irregularities made of mixed phase of Cu 2 O.
- restoration process is performed, and it becomes possible to form the fine unevenness
- the first pretreatment is performed by immersing the copper foil in a sulfuric acid aqueous solution and then washing with water.
- the sulfuric acid concentration of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 20% by mass.
- the sulfuric acid aqueous solution may further contain hydrogen peroxide. In this case, the hydrogen peroxide concentration in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is preferably 1 to 5% by mass.
- the temperature of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is preferably 20 to 50 ° C.
- the immersion time of the copper foil in the sulfuric acid aqueous solution is preferably 2 seconds to 5 minutes.
- the second pretreatment is performed by immersing the copper foil that has been subjected to the first pretreatment in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and performing an alkaline degreasing treatment, followed by washing with water.
- the NaOH concentration of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is preferably 20 to 60 g / L.
- the liquid temperature of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is preferably 30 to 60 ° C.
- the immersion time in the aqueous sodium hydroxide is preferably 2 seconds to 5 minutes.
- the copper foil that has been subjected to the second pretreatment is subjected to an oxidation treatment using an alkaline solution such as a sodium hydroxide solution.
- an alkaline solution such as a sodium hydroxide solution.
- the temperature of the alkaline solution is preferably 60 to 85 ° C.
- the pH of the alkaline solution is preferably 10 to 14, more preferably 12 to 14.
- the alkaline solution preferably contains chlorate, chlorite, hypochlorite and perchlorate from the viewpoint of oxidation, and the concentration is preferably 100 to 500 g / L.
- the oxidation treatment is preferably performed by immersing the copper foil in an alkaline solution, and the immersion time (that is, the oxidation time) is preferably 10 seconds to 20 minutes, more preferably 30 seconds to 10 minutes.
- the alkaline solution used for the oxidation treatment preferably further contains an oxidation inhibitor. That is, when the surface of the copper foil is oxidized with an alkaline solution, the convex portion may grow excessively and exceed the desired length, making it difficult to form the desired fine irregularities. Become. Therefore, in order to form the fine irregularities, it is preferable to use an alkaline solution containing an oxidation inhibitor capable of suppressing oxidation on the copper foil surface.
- An example of a preferred oxidation inhibitor is an amino silane coupling agent.
- the amino silane coupling agent in the alkaline solution is adsorbed on the surface of the copper foil, and the copper foil surface by the alkaline solution Can be suppressed.
- the amino silane coupling agent include N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-aminopropyl.
- Examples include trimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-triethoxysilyl-N- (1,3-dimethyl-butylidene) propylamine, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and the like. Is N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. All of these are dissolved in an alkaline solution, stably held in the alkaline solution, and exhibit the effect of suppressing oxidation of the copper foil surface described above.
- the preferred concentration of the amino-based silane coupling agent eg, N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
- the preferred concentration of the amino-based silane coupling agent is 0.01 to 20 g / L, more preferably 0.02 to 20 g. / L.
- the copper foil that has been subjected to the oxidation treatment (hereinafter referred to as the oxidation-treated copper foil) is subjected to a reduction treatment using a reduction treatment solution.
- the copper foil has fine irregularities composed of needle-like crystals whose inside is Cu metal and whose surface is entirely composed of a mixed phase of Cu metal and Cu 2 O. Can be formed on the surface.
- This reduction treatment may be performed by bringing the reduction treatment solution into contact with the oxidation treatment copper foil, a method of immersing the oxidation treatment copper foil in the reduction treatment solution, or a method of applying the reduction treatment solution to the oxidation treatment copper foil with a shower.
- the treatment time is preferably 2 to 60 seconds, more preferably 5 to 30 seconds.
- a preferable reducing treatment liquid is a dimethylamine borane aqueous solution, and this aqueous solution preferably contains dimethylamine borane at a concentration of 10 to 40 g / L.
- the aqueous dimethylamine borane solution is preferably adjusted to pH 12 to 14 using sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution at this time is not particularly limited, and may be room temperature.
- the copper foil thus subjected to the reduction treatment is preferably washed with water and dried.
- the drying temperature at this time is preferably 80 to 125 ° C, more preferably 110 to 120 ° C.
- the drying time may be as short as 3 to 60 seconds, more preferably 5 to 30 seconds.
- the copper foil may be treated with a silane coupling agent to form a silane coupling agent layer.
- a silane coupling agent layer can be formed by appropriately diluting and applying a silane coupling agent and drying.
- silane coupling agents include epoxy-functional silane coupling agents such as 4-glycidylbutyltrimethoxysilane and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, or 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-2 (amino Amino functions such as ethyl) 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-3- (4- (3-aminopropoxy) butoxy) propyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane Silane coupling agents, or mercapto-functional silane coupling agents such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, or olefin-functional silane coupling agents such as vinyltrimethoxysilane and vinylphenyltrimethoxysilane, or 3-methacryloxypropyl Trime Acrylic-functional silane coupling agent such as Kishishiran, or imid
- the roughened copper foil of the present invention is preferably used for the production of a copper-clad laminate for printed wiring boards. That is, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, the copper clad laminated board provided with the said roughened copper foil or the copper clad laminated board obtained using the said roughened copper foil is provided.
- This copper-clad laminate includes the roughened copper foil of the present invention and a resin layer provided in close contact with the roughened surface of the roughened copper foil.
- the roughened copper foil may be provided on one side of the resin layer or on both sides.
- the resin layer comprises a resin, preferably an insulating resin.
- the resin layer is preferably a prepreg and / or a resin sheet.
- the prepreg is a general term for composite materials in which a base material such as a synthetic resin plate, a glass plate, a glass woven fabric, a glass nonwoven fabric, and paper is impregnated with a synthetic resin.
- a base material such as a synthetic resin plate, a glass plate, a glass woven fabric, a glass nonwoven fabric, and paper is impregnated with a synthetic resin.
- the insulating resin include an epoxy resin, a cyanate resin, a bismaleimide triazine resin (BT resin), a polyphenylene ether resin, and a phenol resin.
- the insulating resin that constitutes the resin sheet include insulating resins such as epoxy resins, polyimide resins, and polyester resins.
- the thickness of the resin layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 400 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 3 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the resin layer may be composed of a plurality of layers.
- a resin layer such as a prepreg and / or a resin sheet may be provided on the roughened copper foil via a primer resin layer applied to the surface of the copper foil in advance.
- the roughened copper foil of the present invention is preferably used for the production of a printed wiring board. That is, according to the preferable aspect of this invention, the printed wiring board provided with the said roughening process copper foil or the printed wiring board obtained using the said roughening process copper foil is provided.
- the printed wiring board according to this aspect includes a layer configuration in which a resin layer and a copper layer are laminated in this order. The resin layer is as described above for the copper-clad laminate. In any case, a known layer structure can be adopted for the printed wiring board.
- a multilayer printed wiring board etc. are mentioned.
- Other specific examples include a flexible printed wiring board, a COF, a TAB tape, and the like in which the roughened copper foil of the present invention is provided on a resin film to form a circuit.
- a copper foil with resin (RCC) in which the above-described resin layer is applied to the roughened copper foil of the present invention is formed, and the resin layer is laminated on the above-described printed circuit board as an insulating adhesive layer.
- the build-up wiring board in which the circuit is formed by using the modified semi-additive (MSAP) method, the subtractive method, etc., with the roughened copper foil as a whole or a part of the wiring layer, and the roughened copper foil are removed.
- MSAP modified semi-additive
- Examples thereof include a build-up wiring board in which a circuit is formed by a semi-additive (SAP) method, and a direct build-up on wafer in which the lamination of a copper foil with resin and circuit formation are alternately repeated on a semiconductor integrated circuit.
- the “electrode surface” of the electrolytic copper foil refers to the surface on the side that was in contact with the cathode during the production of the electrolytic copper foil, while the “deposition surface” of the electrolytic copper foil represents the electrolysis when the electrolytic copper foil was produced. It refers to the surface on which copper is deposited, that is, the surface that is not in contact with the cathode.
- Example 1 The roughened copper foil of the present invention was produced as follows.
- a copper sulfate solution having the composition shown below was used as the copper electrolyte, a titanium rotating electrode having a surface roughness Ra of 0.20 ⁇ m was used for the cathode, and a DSA (dimensional stability) was used for the anode. Electrolysis at a solution temperature of 45 ° C. and a current density of 55 A / dm 2 to obtain an electrolytic copper foil having a thickness of 18 ⁇ m. When the ten-point average roughness Rzjis of this electrolytic copper foil was measured by the method described later, the deposited surface was 0.6 ⁇ m and the electrode surface was 1.3 ⁇ m.
- Roughening treatment (redox treatment) Roughening treatment (oxidation reduction treatment) was performed on both surfaces of the electrolytic copper foil obtained above by the following four-stage process. That is, the following first pretreatment, second pretreatment, oxidation treatment, and reduction treatment were performed in this order.
- (C) Oxidation treatment The electrolytic copper foil subjected to the preliminary treatment was subjected to an oxidation treatment.
- (D) Reduction treatment The electrolytic copper foil subjected to the oxidation treatment was subjected to a reduction treatment.
- the electrolytic copper foil thus reduced was washed with water and dried at 110 ° C. for 10 seconds.
- FIG. 3B is a partially enlarged image of the TEM image shown in FIG. 3A. From the STEM-HAADF image obtained in this manner, the height of the needle crystal (the length in the direction perpendicular to the foil) was measured. At this time, the average value of 10 values measured in a 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ⁇ m region was defined as the needle crystal height in each sample. The results were as shown in Table 1.
- EELS electron energy loss spectroscopic analysis
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- JEM-ARM200F JEM-ARM200F, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- the energy loss spectrum was acquired. Specifically, after obtaining a STEM (scanning transmission electron microscope) -HAADF image (high angle scattering dark field image) (hereinafter referred to as a STEM-HAADF image) of a portion including the needle-like crystal on the roughened surface, a predetermined value is obtained.
- the electron energy loss spectrum was acquired by specifying the location of.
- This measurement is based on the STEM-HAADF image in which the copper foil bulk part (ie, the main part of the copper foil other than the needle crystal), the inner part of the needle crystal (ie, the core part), and the surface of the needle crystal (ie, the outer peripheral part) ).
- the acceleration voltage during STEM observation was 200 kV, and the electron beam spot diameter was about 0.15 nm.
- the energy range to be acquired was set to a range including 900 to 1000 eV with a Cu-L end.
- FIG. 4 shows a STEM-HAADF image showing needle-like crystals constituting the fine irregularities of the roughened copper foil, and the Cu--obtained in each portion of the needle portion marked with a circle and the copper foil bulk.
- FIG. 5 shows a STEM-HAADF image showing a needle tip of a needle-like crystal, and an EELS regarding Cu-L 2 and 3 edges obtained in each of the outer peripheral part and the core part marked with a circle.
- the spectrum is also shown.
- the surface of the acicular crystal was arbitrarily measured for 5 points, and an EELS spectrum at each point was obtained.
- Cu metal in the analysis of EELS spectra data, Cu 2 O, and identification of CuO was performed using the procedures set forth below.
- the energy values (eV) shown below are based on the values measured by the measuring apparatus employed in this example, and a deviation of up to 5 eV may occur between the values disclosed in the known literature. It should be noted that. Therefore, the term “near XeV” (X is an arbitrary value) described in the following criteria allows variation in the range of X ⁇ 5 eV.
- the spectrum resulting from Cu metal can be identified by confirming that the following 1) to 4) are satisfied. 1) It has a peak P 938 in the vicinity of about 938 eV. 2) It also has a peak P959 in the vicinity of about 959 eV. 3) the intensity I 959 of the peak P 959 is higher than the intensity I 938 of the peak P 938 (i.e. I 938 ⁇ I 959). 4) There are two more peaks in the vicinity of 940 to 950 eV.
- the spectrum resulting in Cu 2 O can be identified by confirming that the following 5) to 8) are satisfied. 5) It has a peak P 936 around about 936 eV. 6) It also has a peak P957 in the vicinity of about 957 eV. 7) the intensity I 936 of the peak P 936 is generally comparable to approximate the intensity I 957 of the peak P 957 (i.e. I 936 ⁇ I 957). In addition, it is identified as CuO when I 936 > I 957 .
- the relationship between these two peaks is, for example, the intensity ratio between the two peaks in the spectrum of Cu 2 O and CuO derived from a known document (Hofer & Golob, Ultramicroscopy 21 (1987) 379) shown in FIG. Can be more visually understood by referring to (highlighted by the slope of the auxiliary line above the peak). 8) The result is a valley between P936 and P957 .
- the Cu metal / Cu 2 O mixed phase has a unique spectrum that is difficult to classify strictly, although the spectrum of Cu metal and the spectrum of Cu 2 O are combined to inherit some of the characteristics of those spectra.
- the peak intensity ratio of I 959 > I 938 in 3) above disappears, and in 4) above It is difficult to specify two peaks near 940 to 950 eV.
- the peak P 936 and the peak P 957 described in the above 5) and 6) were incorporated into the peaks P 938 and P 959 described in the above 1) and 2) at energy positions close to them, respectively. Virtually disappear.
- the intensity I 959 of the peak P 938 is roughly comparable to approximate the intensity I 938 of the peak P 959 (i.e. I 938 ⁇ I 959 ), or the 3) as the intensity I 959 of the peak P 959 is higher than the intensity I 938 of the peak P 938 (i.e. I 938 ⁇ I 959).
- a valley is formed between P 938 and P 959 in the form according to the above 8).
- the identification of the spectrum resulting in a Cu metal / Cu 2 O mixed phase is: I) identify Cu metal from the position of the two peaks (ie P 938 and P 959 ), and II) the intensity of these two peaks (ie Cu 2 O is identified from the ratio of I 938 and I 959 ) and the shape between these peaks, and III) the above I) and II) at all of a plurality of locations (for example, 5 locations) of the needle crystal This can be done by confirming the presence of oxygen throughout the outermost layer by filling and / or oxygen mapping.
- Example 2 (Comparison) A roughened copper foil corresponding to the roughened copper foil disclosed in Example 1 of Patent Document 1 was produced as follows.
- Roughening treatment (redox treatment) Roughening treatment (oxidation reduction treatment) was performed on both surfaces of the obtained electrolytic copper foil by the following four-stage process. That is, the following first pretreatment, second pretreatment, oxidation treatment, and reduction treatment were performed in this order.
- (C) Oxidation treatment The electrolytic copper foil subjected to the preliminary treatment was subjected to an oxidation treatment.
- the sample was immersed in a sodium hydroxide solution for 2 minutes. In this way, the fine unevenness
- (D) Reduction treatment The sample subjected to the above oxidation treatment was subjected to a reduction treatment.
- the electrolytic copper foil thus reduced was washed with water and dried at 130 ° C. for 20 seconds. Thus, a roughened copper foil having a roughened surface with fine irregularities formed of needle-like crystals on both sides was obtained.
- FIG. 8 shows a STEM-HAADF image showing the needle tip of the acicular crystal constituting the fine irregularities of the roughened copper foil obtained in this example, and the outer periphery dotted with circles of this image.
- the EELS spectra for Cu-L 2, 3 edges acquired in each of the part, the outer peripheral main part and the core part are also shown.
- the outer peripheral main part of the needle crystal is made of Cu metal, but Cu metal / Cu 2 O mixed phase is locally scattered on the surface of the needle crystal.
- Example 3 (Comparison) A roughened copper foil corresponding to the roughened copper foil disclosed in the comparative example of Patent Document 1 was produced as follows.
- Roughening treatment (redox treatment) Roughening treatment (oxidation reduction treatment) was performed on both surfaces of the obtained electrolytic copper foil by the following four-stage process. That is, the following first pretreatment, second pretreatment, oxidation treatment, and reduction treatment were performed in this order.
- (C) Oxidation treatment The electrolytic copper foil subjected to the preliminary treatment was subjected to an oxidation treatment.
- This oxidation treatment contains 10 vol% of “PRO BOND 80A OXIDE SOLUTION” and 20 vol% of “PRO BOND 80B OXIDE SOLUTION”, which is an oxidation treatment solution manufactured by Rohm & Haas Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. It was performed by immersing in an aqueous solution having a liquid temperature of 85 ° C. for 5 minutes. In this way, the fine unevenness
- (D) Reduction treatment The sample subjected to the above oxidation treatment was subjected to a reduction treatment.
- the electrolytic copper foil subjected to the above oxidation treatment was treated with 6.7 vol% of “CIRCUPOSIT PB OXIDE CONVERTER 60C”, which is a reduction treatment solution manufactured by Rohm & Haas Electronic Materials Co., Ltd., and “CUPOSIT Z”. It was performed by immersing in an aqueous solution containing 1.5 vol% for 5 minutes. The temperature of the aqueous solution at this time was 35 ° C.
- the electrolytic copper foil thus reduced was washed with water and dried at 130 ° C. for 20 seconds. Thus, a roughened copper foil having a roughened surface with fine irregularities formed of needle-like crystals on both sides was obtained.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の銅箔は粗化処理銅箔である。この粗化処理銅箔は少なくとも一方の側に粗化処理面を有する。粗化処理面は、針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を備えており、かかる微細凹凸は、酸化還元処理を経て形成されうるものであり、典型的には、針状結晶が銅箔面に対して略垂直及び/又は斜め方向に生い茂った形状(例えば芝生状)に観察されるものである。そして、この粗化処理面は、針状結晶の表面が全体にわたってCu金属とCu2Oの混相からなる。このように、針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を備えた粗化処理面において、針状結晶の表面が全体にわたってCu金属とCu2Oの混相からなるようにすることで、絶縁樹脂との密着性、及び信頼性(例えば吸湿耐熱性)を有意に向上させることができる。特に、絶縁樹脂との密着性について、本発明の粗化処理銅箔は、常態での密着性のみならず、吸湿後や酸処理後における密着性においても優れており、工程履歴に拠らない安定した高い密着性を呈することが可能である。また、信頼性について、本発明の粗化処理銅箔は、高湿度環境に長時間放置された後においても高温処理(例えばリフロー炉での処理)を施しても銅箔の変形(例えば膨れ)を全く又は殆ど呈さないという優れた吸湿耐熱性を発揮することができる。この点、本発明者らの確認したかぎり、特許文献1に開示されるような従来の粗化処理銅箔における針状結晶の表面は主要部分がCu金属で構成されるものであり、Cu金属とCu2Oの混相は局所的に点在するにすぎない。これに対し、本発明の粗化処理銅箔の針状結晶はその表面が全体にわたってCu金属とCu2Oの混相からなることで、従来の粗化処理銅箔よりも針状結晶の表面にCu2Oが面状に万遍なく存在しているといえる。そして、Cu2OはCu金属よりも絶縁樹脂と化学的に結合しやすいものと考えられる。こうして、より絶縁樹脂と化学的に結合しやすいCu2Oが針状結晶の表面に面状に万遍なく存在することで、絶縁樹脂との密着性や吸湿耐熱性等の信頼性が有意に向上するのではないかと考えられる。
i)約938eV付近にピークP938を有する。
ii)約959eV付近にもピークP959を有する。
iii)ピークP938の強度I938がピークP959の強度I959と概ね同程度ないし近似する(すなわちI938≒I959)か又は強度I938よりも高い(すなわちI938<I959)。
iv)結果としてP938とP959の間は谷となる。
1)約938eV付近にピークP938を有する。
2)約959eV付近にもピークP959を有する。
3)ピークP938の強度I959がピークP959の強度I938よりも高い(すなわちI938<I959)。
4)940~950eV付近に更に2つのピークを有する。
本発明による粗化処理銅箔は、あらゆる方法によって製造されたものであってよいが、酸化還元処理を経て製造されるのが好ましい。以下、本発明による粗化処理銅箔の好ましい製造方法の一例を説明する。この好ましい製造方法は、銅箔を用意する工程と、上記表面に対して第1前処理、第2前処理、酸化処理及び還元処理を順次行う粗化工程(酸化還元処理)とを含んでなる。
粗化処理銅箔の製造に使用する銅箔としては電解銅箔及び圧延銅箔の双方の使用が可能であり、より好ましくは電解銅箔である。また、銅箔は、無粗化の銅箔であってもよいし、予備的粗化を施したものであってもよい。銅箔の厚さは特に限定されないが、0.1~35μmが好ましく、より好ましくは0.5~18μmである。銅箔がキャリア付銅箔の形態で準備される場合には、銅箔は、無電解銅めっき法及び電解銅めっき法等の湿式成膜法、スパッタリング及び化学蒸着等の乾式成膜法、又はそれらの組合せにより形成したものであってもよい。
こうして上記銅箔の表面に対して、第1前処理、第2前処理、酸化処理及び還元処理を順次行う湿式による粗化処理を施すのが好ましい。特に、溶液を用いた湿式法で銅箔の表面に酸化処理を施すことで、銅箔表面にCuOを含有する銅化合物を形成する。その後、当該銅化合物を還元処理してCuOをCu金属やCu2Oに転換させることにより、内部がCu金属であり且つ表面が全体にわたってCu金属とCu2Oの混相からなる針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を銅箔の表面に形成することができる。ここで、微細凹凸は、銅箔の表面を湿式法で酸化処理した段階で、CuOを主成分とする銅化合物により形成される。そして、当該銅化合物を還元処理したときに、この銅化合物により形成された微細凹凸の形状を概ね維持したまま、CuOがCu金属やCu2Oに転換されて、その表面が全体にわたってCu金属とCu2Oの混相からなる微細凹凸となる。このように銅箔の表面に湿式法で適正な酸化処理を施した後に、還元処理を施すことで、本発明特有の微細凹凸の形成が可能となる。
この第1前処理は、上記銅箔を硫酸系水溶液に浸漬した後、水洗することにより行われる。硫酸系水溶液の硫酸濃度は特に限定されないが好ましくは1~20質量%である。硫酸系水溶液は過酸化水素をさらに含有させてもよく、その場合、硫酸系水溶液における過酸化水素濃度は1~5質量%であるのが好ましい。硫酸系水溶液の液温は20~50℃であるのが好ましい。銅箔の硫酸系水溶液への浸漬時間は好ましくは2秒~5分である。
この第2前処理は、上記第1前処理が施された銅箔を水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に浸漬してアルカリ脱脂処理を行った後、水洗することにより行われる。水酸化ナトリウム水溶液のNaOH濃度は20~60g/Lであるのが好ましい。水酸化ナトリウム水溶液の液温は30~60℃であるのが好ましい。水酸化ナトリウム水溶液への浸漬時間は好ましくは2秒~5分である。
上記第2前処理が施された銅箔に対して水酸化ナトリウム溶液等のアルカリ溶液を用いて酸化処理を行う。アルカリ溶液で銅箔の表面を酸化することにより、CuOを主成分とする銅複合化合物からなる針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を銅箔の表面に形成することができる。このとき、アルカリ溶液の温度は60~85℃が好ましく、アルカリ溶液のpHは10~14が好ましく、より好ましくは12~14である。また、アルカリ溶液は酸化の観点から塩素酸塩、亜塩素酸塩、次亜塩素酸塩、過塩素酸塩を含むのが好ましく、その濃度は100~500g/Lが好ましい。酸化処理は銅箔をアルカリ溶液に浸漬することにより行うのが好ましく、その浸漬時間(すなわち酸化時間)は10秒~20分が好ましく、より好ましくは30秒~10分である。
上記酸化処理が施された銅箔(以下、酸化処理銅箔という)に対して還元処理液を用いて還元処理を行う。還元処理によりCuOをCu金属やCu2Oに転換させることで、内部がCu金属であり且つ表面が全体にわたってCu金属とCu2Oの混相からなる針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を銅箔の表面に形成することができる。この還元処理は、酸化処理銅箔に還元処理液を接触させることにより行えばよく、還元処理液中に酸化処理銅箔を浸漬させる手法や、酸化処理銅箔に還元処理液をシャワーで掛ける手法により行うのが好ましく、その処理時間は2~60秒が好ましく、より好ましくは5~30秒である。なお、好ましい還元処理液はジメチルアミンボラン水溶液であり、この水溶液はジメチルアミンボランを10~40g/Lの濃度で含有するのが好ましい。また、ジメチルアミンボラン水溶液は炭酸ナトリウムと水酸化ナトリウムを用いてpH12~14に調整されるのが好ましい。このときの水溶液の温度は特に限定されず、室温であってよい。こうして還元処理を行った銅箔は水洗し、乾燥するのが好ましい。このときの乾燥温度は80~125℃とするのが好ましく、より好ましくは110~120℃である。乾燥時間は3~60秒といった短時間であってよく、より好ましくは5~30秒である。
所望により、銅箔にシランカップリング剤処理を施し、シランカップリング剤層を形成してもよい。これにより耐湿性、耐薬品性及び接着剤等との密着性等を向上することができる。シランカップリング剤層は、シランカップリング剤を適宜希釈して塗布し、乾燥させることにより形成することができる。シランカップリング剤の例としては、4-グリシジルブチルトリメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン等のエポキシ官能性シランカップリング剤、又は3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-2(アミノエチル)3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-3-(4-(3-アミノプロポキシ)ブトキシ)プロピル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン等のアミノ官能性シランカップリング剤、又は3-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン等のメルカプト官能性シランカップリング剤又はビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルフェニルトリメトキシシラン等のオレフィン官能性シランカップリング剤、又は3-メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン等のアクリル官能性シランカップリング剤、又はイミダゾールシラン等のイミダゾール官能性シランカップリング剤、又はトリアジンシラン等のトリアジン官能性シランカップリング剤等が挙げられる。
本発明の粗化処理銅箔はプリント配線板用銅張積層板の作製に用いられるのが好ましい。すなわち、本発明の好ましい態様によれば、上記粗化処理銅箔を備えた銅張積層板、又は上記粗化処理銅箔を用いて得られた銅張積層板が提供される。この銅張積層板は、本発明の粗化処理銅箔と、この粗化処理銅箔の粗化処理面に密着して設けられる樹脂層とを備えてなる。粗化処理銅箔は樹脂層の片面に設けられてもよいし、両面に設けられてもよい。樹脂層は、樹脂、好ましくは絶縁性樹脂を含んでなる。樹脂層はプリプレグ及び/又は樹脂シートであるのが好ましい。プリプレグとは、合成樹脂板、ガラス板、ガラス織布、ガラス不織布、紙等の基材に合成樹脂を含浸させた複合材料の総称である。絶縁性樹脂の好ましい例としては、エポキシ樹脂、シアネート樹脂、ビスマレイミドトリアジン樹脂(BT樹脂)、ポリフェニレンエーテル樹脂、フェノール樹脂等が挙げられる。また、樹脂シートを構成する絶縁性樹脂の例としては、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂等の絶縁樹脂が挙げられる。また、樹脂層には絶縁性を向上する等の観点からシリカ、アルミナ等の各種無機粒子からなるフィラー粒子等が含有されていてもよい。樹脂層の厚さは特に限定されないが、1~1000μmが好ましく、より好ましくは2~400μmであり、さらに好ましくは3~200μmである。樹脂層は複数の層で構成されていてよい。プリプレグ及び/又は樹脂シート等の樹脂層は予め銅箔表面に塗布されるプライマー樹脂層を介して粗化処理銅箔に設けられていてもよい。
本発明の粗化処理銅箔はプリント配線板の作製に用いられるのが好ましい。すなわち、本発明の好ましい態様によれば、上記粗化処理銅箔を備えたプリント配線板、又は上記粗化処理銅箔を用いて得られたプリント配線板が提供される。本態様によるプリント配線板は、樹脂層と、銅層とがこの順に積層された層構成を含んでなる。また、樹脂層については銅張積層板に関して上述したとおりである。いずれにしても、プリント配線板は公知の層構成が採用可能である。プリント配線板に関する具体例としては、プリプレグの片面又は両面に本発明の粗化処理銅箔を接着させ硬化した積層体とした上で回路形成した片面又は両面プリント配線板や、これらを多層化した多層プリント配線板等が挙げられる。また、他の具体例としては、樹脂フィルム上に本発明の粗化処理銅箔を設けて回路を形成するフレキシブルプリント配線板、COF、TABテープ等も挙げられる。さらに他の具体例としては、本発明の粗化処理銅箔に上述の樹脂層を塗布した樹脂付銅箔(RCC)を形成し、樹脂層を絶縁接着剤層として上述のプリント基板に積層した後、粗化処理銅箔を配線層の全部又は一部としてモディファイド・セミアディティブ(MSAP)法、サブトラクティブ法等の手法で回路を形成したビルドアップ配線板や、粗化処理銅箔を除去してセミアディティブ(SAP)法で回路を形成したビルドアップ配線板、半導体集積回路上へ樹脂付銅箔の積層と回路形成を交互に繰りかえすダイレクト・ビルドアップ・オン・ウェハー等が挙げられる。
本発明の粗化処理銅箔の作製を以下のようにして行った。
銅電解液として以下に示される組成の硫酸銅溶液を用い、陰極に表面粗さRaが0.20μmのチタン製の回転電極を用い、陽極にはDSA(寸法安定性陽極)を用いて、溶液温度45℃、電流密度55A/dm2で電解し、厚さ18μmの電解銅箔を得た。この電解銅箔の十点平均粗さRzjisを後述する手法にて測定したところ、析出面は0.6μm、電極面は1.3μmであった。
<硫酸銅溶液の組成>
‐ 銅濃度:80g/L
‐ 硫酸濃度:260g/L
‐ ビス(3-スルホプロピル)ジスルフィド濃度:30mg/L
‐ ジアリルジメチルアンモニウムクロライド重合体濃度:50mg/L
‐ 塩素濃度:40mg/L
上記で得られた電解銅箔の両面に対して、以下に示される4段階のプロセスで粗化処理(酸化還元処理)を行った。すなわち、以下に示される第1前処理、第2前処理、酸化処理及び還元処理をこの順に行った。
上記(1)で得られた電解銅箔を、硫酸濃度が5質量%の硫酸系水溶液に液温40℃で1分間浸漬した後、水洗した。
第1前処理が施された電解銅箔を、NaOH濃度50g/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に液温40℃で1分間浸漬した後、水洗した。
上記予備処理が施された電解銅箔に対して酸化処理を行った。この酸化処理は、当該電解銅箔を液温75℃、pH=13、亜塩素酸濃度が180g/L、N-フェニル-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン濃度が15g/Lの水酸化ナトリウム溶液に、2分間浸漬させることにより行った。こうして、電解銅箔の両面に、CuOを主成分とする銅複合化合物からなる針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を形成した。
上記酸化処理が施された電解銅箔に対して還元処理を行った。この還元処理は、上記酸化処理により微細凹凸が形成された電解銅箔を、炭酸ナトリウムと水酸化ナトリウムを用いてpH=12に調整したジメチルアミンボラン濃度が20g/Lの水溶液に1分間浸漬することにより行った。このときの水溶液の温度は35℃とした。こうして還元処理を行った電解銅箔を水洗し、110℃で10秒間乾燥した。これらの工程により、電解銅箔の両面のCuOを還元してCu金属やCu2Oとし、その表面が全体にわたってCu金属とCu2Oの混相からなる銅複合化合物からなる微細凹凸を有する粗化処理面とした。こうして針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を備えた粗化処理面を少なくとも一方の側に有する粗化処理銅箔を得た。
作製された粗化処理銅箔サンプルについて、以下に示される分析及び評価を行った。
粗化処理銅箔の粗化処理面を構成する微細凹凸(析出面側)を断面SEMにより観察したところ、図1に示される断面SEM画像が得られた。図1に示されるように、粗化処理面は無数の針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸からなることが確認された。また、微細凹凸(特に針状結晶)の断面を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)(日本電子株式会社製、JEM-ARM200F)により20万倍の倍率で観察したところ、図2に示されるSTEM-HAADF像が得られた。さらに、微細凹凸(特に針状結晶)を上記透過型電子顕微鏡により観察したところ、図3A及び3Bに示されるTEM画像が得られた。図3Bは図3Aに示されるTEM画像の部分拡大画像である。こうして取得されたSTEM-HAADF像から針状結晶の高さ(箔に対して垂直方向の長さ)を測定した。このとき、1μm×1μmの領域において10箇所測定した値の平均値を各サンプルにおける針状結晶高さとした。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。
粗化処理銅箔サンプル表面の微細凹凸を構成する針状結晶の組成を以下の手順により組成分析した。
粗化処理銅箔の表面に接着剤を用いて樹脂包埋した後、ウルトラミクロトーム法によりEELS測定用に超薄切片を作製した。その際、狙いの厚みは20nmとした。
作製した試料を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)(日本電子株式会社製、JEM-ARM200F)を使用して電子エネルギー損失分光分析(EELS)によりCu-L端の電子エネルギー損失分光スペクトルを取得した。具体的には、粗化処理面の針状結晶を含む部分のSTEM(走査透過電子顕微鏡)-HAADF像(高角度散乱暗視野像)(以下、STEM-HAADF像という)を取得した後に、所定の場所を指定して電子エネルギー損失分光スペクトルを取得した。この測定はSTEM-HAADF像において、銅箔バルク部分(すなわち針状結晶以外の銅箔の主要部分)、針状結晶の内部部分(すなわち芯の部分)、及び針状結晶の表面(すなわち外周部分)を含む複数箇所に対して行った。STEM観察時の加速電圧は200kVで、電子線スポット径は約0.15nmとした。取得するエネルギー領域はCu-L端のある900~1000eVを含む範囲とした。図4に、粗化処理銅箔の微細凹凸を構成する針状結晶を示すSTEM-HAADF像と、この画像の丸印が付された針部分と銅箔バルクの各部分において取得されたCu-L2,3端に関するEELSのスペクトルとを併せて示す。また、図5に針状結晶の針先端部を示すSTEM-HAADF像と、この画像の丸印が付された外周部分と芯の各部分において取得されたCu-L2,3端に関するEELSのスペクトルとを併せて示す。特に、針状結晶の表面については、任意で5点に対して測定して、各点におけるEELSスペクトルを取得した。
得られたCu-L端の電子エネルギー損失分光スペクトルの銅箔バルク部分(すなわち針状結晶以外の銅箔の主要部分)のスペクトルと、Cu金属の標準試料のスペクトルとを比較し、Cu-L端のエネルギー位置がずれていれば必要に応じて補正を行った。こうして必要に応じて補正されたスペクトルを、後述するピーク特性によって特徴付けられるCu金属、Cu2O及びCuOの標準のCu-L端の電子エネルギー損失分光スペクトルと後述する同定手法を用いて比較することにより、測定位置における組成の同定を行った。そして、針状結晶の表面については、測定された5点の各点についてEELSスペクトルの同定を行い、それらのすべてがCu金属/Cu2O混相と判定された。さらに、針状結晶の先端部のEELSマッピングも行ったところ、図6に示されるように、最表層の全体にわたって酸素が存在することも確認された。これらの結果を総合的に勘案して、針状結晶の表面が全体にわたってCu金属/Cu2O混相からなるものと判定した。
Cu金属に帰着するスペクトルの同定は、原則として、以下の1)~4)を満たすことを確認することにより行うことができる。
1)約938eV付近にピークP938を有する。
2)約959eV付近にもピークP959を有する。
3)ピークP959の強度I959がピークP938の強度I938よりも高い(すなわちI938<I959)。
4)940~950eV付近に更に2つのピークを有する。
Cu2Oに帰着するスペクトルの同定は、原則として、以下の5)~8)を満たすことを確認することにより行うことができる。
5)約936eV付近にピークP936を有する。
6)約957eV付近にもピークP957を有する。
7)ピークP936の強度I936がピークP957の強度I957と概ね同程度ないし近似する(すなわちI936≒I957)。なお、I936>I957の場合にはCuOと同定される。この2つのピークの関係は、例えば図8に示される公知文献(Hofer&Golob, Ultramicroscopy 21(1987)379)由来のCu2OとCuOのスペクトルにおける、2つのピークにおける強度比(図8中で2つのピークの上方の補助線の傾きによって強調される)を参照することによってより視覚的に理解されうる。
8)結果としてP936とP957の間は谷となる。
もっとも、Cu金属/Cu2O混相は、Cu金属のスペクトルとCu2Oのスペクトルは複合化されてそれらのスペクトルの特徴をある程度引き継ぎながらも、いずれにも厳密には分類し難い特有のスペクトルを呈する。具体的には、上記1)及び2)に記載されるピークP938及びP959を有しながらも、上記3)のI959>I938のピーク強度比は消失し、かつ、上記4)の940~950eV付近の2つのピークも特定困難となる。一方、上記5)及び6)に記載されるピークP936及びピークP957は、それらと近いエネルギー位置の上記1)及び2)に記載されるピークP938及びP959にそれぞれ取り込まれた結果、実質的に消失する。その代わりに、上記3)とは異なり、むしろ上記7)に準じた形で、ピークP938の強度I959がピークP959の強度I938と概ね同程度ないし近似する(すなわちI938≒I959)か、あるいは上記3)のとおり、ピークP959の強度I959がピークP938の強度I938よりも高くなる(すなわちI938<I959)。いずれにしても、結果として上記8)に準じた形でP938とP959の間は谷となる。これらをまとめると、Cu金属/Cu2O混相に帰着するスペクトルの同定は、原則として、以下のi)~iv)を満たすことを確認することにより行うことができる。
i)約938eV付近にピークP938を有する(上記1)と同じ)
ii)約959eV付近にもピークP959を有する(上記2)と同じ)
iii)ピークP938の強度I938がピークP959の強度I959と概ね同程度ないし近似する(すなわちI938≒I959)(上記3)に代えて上記7)に準ずる)か又は強度I938よりも高い(すなわちI938<I959)(上記3)と同じ)。
iv)結果としてP938とP959の間は谷となる(上記4)に代えて上記8)に準ずる)。
様々な状態の粗化処理銅箔について、絶縁樹脂基材との密着性を評価するために、常態剥離強度、吸湿後剥離強度、及び酸処理後剥離強度の測定を以下のとおり行った。
絶縁樹脂基材として、プリプレグ(パナソニック株式会社製、R1551、厚み100μm)2枚を用意して、積み重ねた。この積み重ねたプリプレグに、粗化処理銅箔をその粗化処理面がプリプレグと当接するように積層し、真空プレス機を使用して、プレス圧2.9MPa、温度200℃、プレス時間90分の条件でプレスして銅張積層板を作製した。次に、この銅張積層板にエッチング法により、0.8mm幅の剥離強度測定用直線回路を備えた試験基板を作製した。こうして形成した直線回路を、JIS C6481-1996に準拠して絶縁樹脂基材から引き剥がして、常態剥離強度(kgf/cm)を測定した。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。
剥離強度の測定に先立ち、直線回路を備えた試験基板を2時間煮沸水に浸漬したこと以外は、上述した状態剥離強度と同様の手順により、吸湿後剥離強度(kgf/cm)を測定した。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。
剥離強度の測定に先立ち、直線回路を備えた試験基板を4N塩酸に30分浸漬したこと以外は、上述した常態剥離強度と同様の手順により、酸処理後剥離強度(kgf/cm)を測定した。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。
粗化処理銅箔を用いて上記同様にして作製した銅張積層板を、温度60℃で湿度60%の環境に120時間放置した後、銅張積層板をリフロー炉でピーク温度270℃、30秒間加熱を行い、この加熱を10回行った。10回のリフロー炉での加熱後、加熱による銅張積層板表面の膨れの有無を観察した。膨れが観察されなかった場合を合格と判定し、5回行った試験のうち合格と判定した回数を吸湿耐熱性の指標として採用した。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。
特許文献1の実施例1に開示される粗化処理銅箔に相当する粗化処理銅箔の作製を以下のようにして行った。
例1の(1)と同様にして電解銅箔を作製した。
上記得られた電解銅箔の両面に対して、以下に示される4段階のプロセスで粗化処理(酸化還元処理)を行った。すなわち、以下に示される第1前処理、第2前処理、酸化処理及び還元処理をこの順に行った。
上記(1)で得られた電解銅箔を、NaOH濃度50g/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に液温25℃で5分間浸漬した後、水洗した。
第1前処理が施された電解銅箔を、過酸化水素濃度が1質量%、硫酸濃度が5質量%の硫酸系水溶液に液温25℃で5分間浸漬した後、水洗した。
上記予備処理が施された電解銅箔に対して酸化処理を行った。この酸化処理は、当該電解銅箔を液温70℃、pH=12、亜塩素酸濃度が150g/L、N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシランの濃度が10g/Lの水酸化ナトリウム溶液に、2分間浸漬させることにより行った。こうして、電解銅箔の両面に、CuOを主成分とする銅複合化合物からなる針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を形成した。
上記酸化処理が施された試料に対して還元処理を行った。この還元処理は、上記酸化処理により微細凹凸が形成された電解銅箔を、炭酸ナトリウムと水酸化ナトリウムを用いてpH=12に調整したジメチルアミンボラン濃度が20g/Lの水溶液に1分間浸漬することにより行った。このときの水溶液の温度は35℃とした。こうして還元処理を行った電解銅箔を水洗し、130℃で20秒間乾燥した。こうして針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を備えた粗化処理面を両面に有する粗化処理銅箔を得た。
作製された粗化処理銅箔サンプルについて、例1と同様の分析及び評価を行った。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。また、図8に、本例で得られた粗化処理銅箔の微細凹凸を構成する針状結晶の針先端部を示すSTEM-HAADF像と、この画像の丸印が付された外周点在部分、外周主要部分及び芯部分の各部分において取得されたCu-L2,3端に関するEELSのスペクトルとを併せて示す。図7に示されるように、針状結晶の外周主要部分がCu金属で構成されているが、針状結晶の表面にはCu金属/Cu2O混相が局所的に点在している。
特許文献1の比較例に開示される粗化処理銅箔に相当する粗化処理銅箔の作製を以下のようにして行った。
例1の(1)と同様にして電解銅箔を作製した。
上記得られた電解銅箔の両面に対して、以下に示される4段階のプロセスで粗化処理(酸化還元処理)を行った。すなわち、以下に示される第1前処理、第2前処理、酸化処理及び還元処理をこの順に行った。
上記(1)で得られた電解銅箔を、NaOH濃度50g/Lの水酸化ナトリウム水溶液に液温25℃で5分間浸漬した後、水洗した。
第1前処理が施された電解銅箔を、過酸化水素濃度が1質量%、硫酸濃度が5質量%の硫酸系水溶液に液温25℃で5分間浸漬した後、水洗した。
上記予備処理が施された電解銅箔に対して酸化処理を行った。この酸化処理は、上記電解銅箔を、ローム・アンド・ハース電子材料株式会社製の酸化処理液である「PRO BOND 80A OXIDE SOLUTION」を10vol%及び「PRO BOND 80B OXIDE SOLUTION」を20vol%含有する液温85℃の水溶液に5分間浸漬することにより行った。こうして、電解銅箔の両面に、CuOを主成分とする銅複合化合物からなる針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を形成した。
上記酸化処理が施された試料に対して還元処理を行った。この還元処理は、上記酸化処理を施した電解銅箔を、ローム・アンド・ハース電子材料株式会社製の還元処理液である「CIRCUPOSIT PB OXIDE CONVERTER 60C」を6.7vol%、「CUPOSIT Z」を1.5vol%含有する水溶液に5分間浸漬することにより行った。このときの水溶液の温度は35℃とした。こうして還元処理を行った電解銅箔を水洗し、130℃で20秒間乾燥した。こうして針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を備えた粗化処理面を両面に有する粗化処理銅箔を得た。
作製された粗化処理銅箔サンプルについて、例1と同様の分析及び評価を行った。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。
Claims (7)
- 針状結晶で構成される微細凹凸を備えた粗化処理面を少なくとも一方の側に有する粗化処理銅箔であって、前記針状結晶の表面が全体にわたってCu金属とCu2Oの混相からなる、粗化処理銅箔。
- 前記針状結晶の高さが50~400nmである、請求項1に記載の粗化処理銅箔。
- 前記針状結晶の表面における前記混相の厚さが10nm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の粗化処理銅箔。
- 前記微細凹凸が酸化還元処理を経て形成されたものである、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の粗化処理銅箔。
- 前記針状結晶の内部がCu金属の単相で構成される、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の粗化処理銅箔。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の粗化処理銅箔を備えた、銅張積層板。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の粗化処理銅箔を備えた、プリント配線板。
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| CN201680003882.4A CN107002249B (zh) | 2015-09-30 | 2016-04-06 | 粗糙化处理铜箔、覆铜层叠板和印刷电路板 |
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| US12211816B2 (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2025-01-28 | Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. | Printed circuit board and electronic component package including the same |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| MY181388A (en) | 2020-12-21 |
| CN107002249B (zh) | 2018-05-22 |
| TW201716641A (zh) | 2017-05-16 |
| KR20170066663A (ko) | 2017-06-14 |
| CN107002249A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
| US20180223412A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
| KR101821601B1 (ko) | 2018-01-24 |
| US10280501B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
| TWI605159B (zh) | 2017-11-11 |
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