WO2017020726A1 - 薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017020726A1
WO2017020726A1 PCT/CN2016/090832 CN2016090832W WO2017020726A1 WO 2017020726 A1 WO2017020726 A1 WO 2017020726A1 CN 2016090832 W CN2016090832 W CN 2016090832W WO 2017020726 A1 WO2017020726 A1 WO 2017020726A1
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dichlorobenzene
polyphenylene sulfide
film
resin
sulfide resin
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PCT/CN2016/090832
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English (en)
French (fr)
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梁其炜
周家鋆
梁波
周靖
李淑仪
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广州高八二塑料有限公司
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G75/02Polythioethers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G75/02Polythioethers
    • C08G75/06Polythioethers from cyclic thioethers

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  • the invention relates to a production and synthesis process of a polymer material, in particular to a film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin and a preparation method thereof.
  • Polyphenylene sulfide (English: Polyphenylene sulfide; PPS) is a high performance thermoplastic resin with excellent heat resistance, thermal stability, excellent corrosion resistance and chemical resistance, and low Dielectric constant, excellent insulation in high temperature and high humidity environment. Therefore, polyphenylene sulfide, as an emerging engineering plastic, has been widely used in electronics, aerospace, automotive, home appliances, machinery and other fields.
  • the film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin can be formed into a film by a calendering method, a stretching method, or the like.
  • polyphenylene sulfide film is widely used in: 1 electrical insulation materials, such as: motors, compressors, small transformers, etc. 2 electronic product insulation materials, such as: variable capacitors, impedance components, flat motor pure diagram, capacitor core parts. 3 automotive parts diaphragm, battery diaphragm, diaphragm in the field of aerospace.
  • the commonly used polyphenylene sulfide resin is obtained by polycondensation of p-dichlorobenzene and sodium sulfide in a polar solvent by a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
  • the polymer chain is linear and structurally regular, and has good longitudinal tensile properties.
  • lack of elasticity and poor lateral tensile properties limit its use in thin films.
  • the main problem is that the weight average molecular weight is too small, the molecular weight distribution is not concentrated, the thickness of the formed film is not uniform, and the lateral stretching ability is insufficient.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin and a preparation method thereof, which can solve one or more of the above prior art problems.
  • a film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin which is mainly composed of sodium sulfide, an alkali metal hydroxide, a catalyst, p-dichlorobenzene and m-dichlorobenzene at 220 to 260 ° C.
  • the reaction in the environment is 3 to 6 hours.
  • a method for preparing a film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin comprising the following steps: (1) stirring and dispersing sodium sulfide and an alkali metal hydroxide in a solvent NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone), and obtaining a mixture after dehydration (2) A solvent NMP, a catalyst, p-dichlorobenzene, and m-dichlorobenzene are added to the mixture, and the mixture is heated to 220 to 260 ° C to carry out a polymerization reaction, and the reaction is carried out for 3 to 6 hours to obtain a film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin.
  • NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
  • the film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin of the invention is obtained by adding an appropriate amount of m-dichlorobenzene when synthesizing the PPS resin with p-dichlorobenzene as a raw material, and converting the linear polyphenylene sulfide molecular chain into a flexible polyphenylene having a curved structure.
  • the thioether molecular chain enhances the transverse stretching ability of the polyphenylene sulfide film made of the polyphenylene sulfide resin.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the polymer is from 17,000 to 51,500, and the thickness of the film after molding can be made more uniform.
  • NMP Chemical Chinese name N-methylpyrrolidone, chemical name N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  • the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
  • the catalyst is one or a combination of two or more of lithium chloride, sodium acetate, and potassium acetate.
  • the catalyst allows the polymerization to proceed smoothly, activating the chemical activity of the molecule.
  • sodium sulfide 100, p-dichlorobenzene 90-115, and m-dichlorobenzene are 3-10 in molar ratio.
  • Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a polycondensation reaction of a p-dichlorobenzene molecule, an m-dichlorobenzene molecule, and sodium sulfide.
  • Figure 2 is a simplified schematic representation of the molecular chain of the film grade polyphenylene sulfide resin of the present invention.
  • reaction vessel sodium sulfide, sodium hydroxide and NMP solvent were added, and after mixing, the temperature was raised to 150 to 200 ° C, and dehydration was carried out for 1 to 3 hours to obtain a mixture. Then, a mixture of NMP solvent, lithium chloride and sodium acetate (catalyst), p-dichlorobenzene and m-dichlorobenzene were added to the reaction vessel, and the reactor was heated to 220 ° C and kept for 3 hours to carry out a polymerization reaction. Finally, the material after the polymerization is subjected to a process such as precipitation and separation to remove the NMP solvent to obtain a film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin.
  • a process such as precipitation and separation to remove the NMP solvent to obtain a film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin.
  • sodium sulfide 100, sodium hydroxide 1, catalyst 10, p-dichlorobenzene 90, and m-dichlorobenzene 5 were used in terms of molar ratio.
  • the commonly used polyphenylene sulfide resin is obtained by polycondensation of p-dichlorobenzene and sodium sulfide in a polar solvent by a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
  • the polymer chain is linear and structurally regular, and has good longitudinal tensile properties. However, lack of elasticity and poor lateral tensile properties limit its use in thin films.
  • inter-dichlorobenzene is added to change the polymer chain structure of the polyphenylene sulfide resin, the distance between the molecular chains is increased, the toughness of the material after molding is improved, and the transverse stretchability of the material is improved.
  • the reaction mechanism of m-dichlorobenzene with sodium sulfide is the same as that of dichlorobenzene and sodium sulfide.
  • the addition of m-dichlorobenzene, due to the internal rotation of the single bond, can form a "corner" of 120 ° or 240 ° in the molecular chain, thereby showing that the number of "corners” increases as the amount of m-dichlorobenzene increases.
  • p-dichlorobenzene accounts for a high percentage, so the molecular chain is still linear, but compared with the polyphenylene sulfide resin which is added with m-dichlorobenzene and only p-dichlorobenzene.
  • the distance between the molecular chains of the synthetic polyphenylene sulfide resin of the invention is increased, the rigidity of the material is lowered, the elastic and transverse tensile properties are improved, and within a certain range, the transverse tensile properties and the amount of m-dichlorobenzene added are increased. In direct proportion.
  • the film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin prepared in this example was found to have a weight average molecular weight of 17,000.
  • the method for determining the weight average molecular weight is: gel chromatography.
  • Figure 2 is a simplified schematic representation of the molecular chain of the film grade polyphenylene sulfide resin of the present invention.
  • the ellipses in Figure 2 are molecular chains of para-polyphenylene sulfide of variable molecular weight.
  • the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide. In other embodiments, the alkali metal hydroxide added may also be potassium hydroxide or the like.
  • the catalyst is a mixture of lithium chloride and lithium carbonate. In other embodiments, the catalyst may also be one or a combination of two or more of lithium chloride, sodium acetate, and potassium acetate.
  • Table 1 is Example 1, and in other examples of the preparation of the film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin in the same manner as in Example 1, sodium sulfide, alkali metal hydroxide, catalyst, p-dichlorobenzene and m-dichloro The molar ratio of benzene, the temperature of the polymerization, and the data of the weight average molecular weight of the prepared film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin were recorded.
  • the polymerization reaction time for preparing the polyphenylene sulfide resin is less than 3 hours, the reaction is insufficient, and sufficient polyphenylene sulfide molecular chain cannot be transformed into an elastic polyphenylene sulfide molecular chain having a curved structure; when preparing polyphenylene sulfide When the polymerization time of the resin is more than 6 hours, the reaction is too sufficient, and an excessive molecular chain of an elastic polyphenylene sulfide having a curved structure is synthesized, and the molecular weight thereof is excessively increased.
  • the weight average molecular weight of the polymer is from 17,000 to 51,500, and the formed polyphenylene sulfide film can be formed.
  • the thickness is more uniform.
  • the molecular chain length is increased, and the relative molecular weight is more uniform, so that the thickness of the film after molding is more uniform.
  • the molar ratio is 100
  • the alkali metal hydroxide is 1 to 5
  • the catalyst is 10 to 50
  • the p-dichlorobenzene is 90 to 115
  • the m-dichlorobenzene is 3 to 10.
  • NMP does not participate in the polymerization reaction, and the amount thereof can be selected according to the actual situation.
  • the film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin prepared by the production method of the present invention has a weight average molecular weight of 17,000 to 51,500.
  • Table 2 shows that the polymerization temperature in the examples in Table 1 was set to be less than 220 °C.
  • the film-grade polyphenylene sulfide resin of the present invention can be produced by a method such as calendering or biaxial stretching, and the film can be used as an insulating material or a heat insulating material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂,主要由硫化钠、碱金属氢氧化物、催化剂、对二氯苯和间二氯苯在220~260℃的环境中反应3~6小时制得。还提供了一种该树脂的制备方法,包括下列步骤:(1)将硫化钠、碱金属氢氧化物在溶剂NMP中搅拌分散,脱水后得到混合物;(2)将溶剂NMP、催化剂、对二氯苯和间二氯苯加入混合物中,升温至220~260℃进行聚合反应,反应3~6小时,得到薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂。本发明的树脂是在用对二氯苯为原料合成PPS树脂时加入适量的间二氯苯,使直线型的聚苯硫醚分子链变成具有弯曲结构的弹性聚苯硫醚分子链,使该树脂制成的聚苯硫醚薄膜的横向拉伸能力增强。而且,通过对反应温度和反应时间控制来控制聚合物的重均分子量,使成型后的薄膜厚度更为均匀。

Description

薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料的生产合成工艺,特别涉及薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚苯硫醚(英文:Polyphenylene sulfide;简称:PPS)是一种高性能热塑性树脂,具有优良的耐热性、热稳定性,以及优异的耐腐性、耐化学性,同时还具有很低的介电常数,在高温高湿环境下具有优良的绝缘性。因此,聚苯硫醚作为一种新兴的工程塑料,已被广泛应用于电子、航空航天、汽车、家电、机械等领域。薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂可以通过压延法、拉伸法等制成薄膜。
由于聚苯硫醚薄膜具有优异的性能,被广泛应用于:①电气绝缘材料,如:马达、压缩机、小型变压器等。②电子产品绝缘材料,如:可变电容器、阻抗元件、扁平电机纯图、电容器芯件等。③汽车零件隔膜、电池隔膜、航天航空领域的隔膜。
目前常见的聚苯硫醚树脂是由对二氯苯与硫化钠在极性溶剂中通过亲核取代反应缩聚而成,其高分子链为直线型且结构规整,具有不错的纵向拉伸性能,但缺乏弹性以及横向拉伸性能差,限制了其在薄膜中的应用。主要问题是:重均分子量太小,分子量分布不集中,制成的薄膜厚薄不均匀,以及横向拉伸能力不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂及其制备方法,可以解决上述现有技术问题中的一种或几种。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂,其特征在于,主要由硫化钠、碱金属氢氧化物、催化剂、对二氯苯和间二氯苯在220~260℃的环境中反应3~6小时制得。还提供了一种薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂的制备方法,包括下列步骤:(1)将硫化钠、碱金属氢氧化物在溶剂NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)中搅拌分散,脱水后得到混合物;(2)将溶剂NMP、催化剂、对二氯苯和间二氯苯加入混合物中,升温至220~260℃进行聚合反应,反应3~6小时,得到薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂。
本发明的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂是在用对二氯苯为原料合成PPS树脂时加入适量的间二氯苯,使直线型的聚苯硫醚分子链变成具有弯曲结构的弹性聚苯硫醚分子链,使该聚苯硫醚树脂制成的聚苯硫醚薄膜的横向拉伸能力增强。而且,通过对反应温度(220~260℃)的控制和反应时间(3~6小时)控制,使聚合物的重均分子量为17000~51500,可以使成型后的薄膜厚薄更为均匀。
NMP:化学品中文名称N-甲基吡咯烷酮,化学品英文名称N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone。
在一些实施方式中,其中碱金属氢氧化物为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。由此,具有减少硫化钠的分解的效果,硫化钠在有碱性环境下不会分解。
在一些实施方式中,其中催化剂为氯化锂、醋酸钠和醋酸钾中的一种或两种以上的组合。催化剂可以使聚合反应顺利进行,激活分子的化学活性。
在一些实施方式中,以摩尔比计,硫化钠100、对二氯苯90~115、间二氯苯3~10。
附图说明
图1是对二氯苯分子、间二氯苯分子和硫化钠的缩聚反应结构图。
图2是本发明的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂分子链的简单示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但保护范围不受这些实施例的限制。
实施例1:
在反应釜中,加入硫化钠、氢氧化钠和NMP溶剂,混合后升温到150~200℃,脱水1~3小时,得到混合物。然后,再向反应釜中加入NMP溶剂、氯化锂和醋酸钠的混合物(催化剂)、对二氯苯和间二氯苯,将反应釜升温到220℃,保温3小时,进行聚合反应。最后,将聚合反应后的物质经过沉淀、分离等工序,去除掉NMP溶剂,得到薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂。
在本实施例中,以摩尔比计,硫化钠100、氢氧化钠1、催化剂10、对二氯苯90、间二氯苯5。
目前常见的聚苯硫醚树脂是由对二氯苯与硫化钠在极性溶剂中通过亲核取代反应缩聚而成,其高分子链为直线型且结构规整,具有不错的纵向拉伸性能,但缺乏弹性以及横向拉伸性能差,限制了其在薄膜中的应用。
在本申请中,加入间二氯苯,使聚苯硫醚树脂的高分子链结构发生了改变,分子链之间的距离增大,成型后材料的韧性提高,材料的横向拉伸性提高。
对二氯苯分子、间二氯苯分子和硫化钠的缩聚化学反应结构式,如图1所示。
间二氯苯与硫化钠的反应机理和对二氯苯与硫化钠的反应机理相同。间二氯苯的加入,由于单键的内旋转,分子链上可形成120°或240°的“拐角”,由此可见,随着间二氯苯用量的增加,“拐角”数增多。然而,本发明的配方中对二氯苯占较高百分比,所以分子链仍呈直线型,但与没加入间二氯苯、仅加入对二氯苯合成的聚苯硫醚树脂相比,本发明合成的聚苯硫醚树脂的分子链之间的距离增大,材料的刚性降低,弹性及横向拉伸性能提高,并且在一定范围内,横向拉伸性能与加入的间二氯苯的量成正比。
经测定,本实施例制备的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂的重均分子量为17000。测定重均分子量的方法为:凝胶色谱法。
图2是本发明的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂分子链的简单示意图。图2中省略部分为不定分子量的对位聚苯硫醚分子链。
在本实施例中,碱金属氢氧化物为氢氧化钠。在其它实施例中,加入的碱金属氢氧化物也可以是氢氧化钾等。
在本实施例中,催化剂是氯化锂和碳酸锂的混合物。在其它实施例中,催化剂也可以是氯化锂、醋酸钠和醋酸钾中的一种或两种以上的组合。
表1是实施例1,以及在其它一些与实施例1相同的方法制备薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂的实施例中,硫化钠、碱金属氢氧化物、催化剂、对二氯苯和间二氯苯的摩尔比,聚合反应的温度,以及所制备的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂的重均分子量的数据记录。
在合适的温度范围下,当制备聚苯硫醚树脂的聚合反应温度越高时,分子的活性越高,聚合物的分子量越高。反应时间越长,分子碰撞发生化学反应的机会越多,得到聚合物分子量越大。为了使聚合物的分子量处于合适的范围内,就必须控制聚苯硫醚的聚合反应的温 度。
当制备聚苯硫醚树脂的聚合反应的时间小于3小时,反应不充分,不能使足够的聚苯硫醚分子链变成具有弯曲结构的弹性聚苯硫醚分子链;当制备聚苯硫醚树脂的聚合反应的时间大于6小时,反应过于充分,合成出过多具有弯曲结构的弹性聚苯硫醚分子链,并使其分子量变得过大。
在本发明中,通过对反应温度(220~260℃)的控制和反应时间(3~6小时)控制,使聚合物的重均分子量为17000~51500,可以使成型后的聚苯硫醚薄膜厚薄更为均匀。
另外,也可以通过提高原料(对二氯苯和间二氯苯)的纯度,降低总的分子链数,从而分子链长度增加,相对分子量更为均匀,使成型后的薄膜厚度更为均匀。
在这些实施例中,以摩尔比计,其中硫化钠为100、碱金属氢氧化物为1~5、催化剂为10~50、对二氯苯为90~115、间二氯苯3~10。
NMP作为溶剂,不参与聚合反应,其用量可根据实际情况适量选用。
由表1中数据可见,本发明的制备方法所制备的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂的重均分子量为17000~51500。
表2是将表1中的实施例中的聚合反应温度设定为小于220℃。
由表2中的数据可见,当聚合反应的温度小于170℃时,不发生聚合反应;当聚合反应的温度小于220℃且大于170℃时,制得的聚苯硫醚树脂重均分子量小于13000,达不到本发明的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂的要求。
当聚合反应的温度大于260℃时,反应釜内压增大,而且由于温度过高,分子链就会断裂,导致重均分子量降低,达不到本发明的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂的要求。
本发明薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂的使用方法为:可以通过压延或双向拉伸等方法制成薄膜,该薄膜可以用作绝缘材料或隔热材料等。
以上所述的仅是本发明的一些实施方式。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Figure PCTCN2016090832-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2016090832-appb-000002

Claims (5)

  1. 薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂,其特征在于,主要由硫化钠、碱金属氢氧化物、催化剂、对二氯苯和间二氯苯在220~260℃的环境中反应3~6小时制得。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂,其中所述碱金属氢氧化物为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂,其中所述催化剂为氯化锂、醋酸钠和醋酸钾中的一种或两种以上的组合。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂,其中以摩尔比计,硫化钠100、对二氯苯90~115、间二氯苯3~10。
  5. 根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂的制备方法,包括下列步骤:
    (1)将硫化钠、碱金属氢氧化物在溶剂NMP中搅拌分散,脱水后得到混合物;
    (2)将溶剂NMP、催化剂、对二氯苯和间二氯苯加入所述混合物中,升温至200~260℃进行聚合反应,反应3~6小时,得到薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂。
PCT/CN2016/090832 2015-08-05 2016-07-21 薄膜级聚苯硫醚树脂及其制备方法 WO2017020726A1 (zh)

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CN106084224B (zh) * 2016-07-05 2018-08-14 四川大学 一种粒度分布窄的高白度聚芳硫醚及其制备方法
CN106700074A (zh) * 2016-12-16 2017-05-24 四川理工学院 一种用复合催化剂制备聚苯硫醚的方法
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