WO2017016176A1 - 一种降尿酸的侧柏叶多酚及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种降尿酸的侧柏叶多酚及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2017016176A1
WO2017016176A1 PCT/CN2015/100038 CN2015100038W WO2017016176A1 WO 2017016176 A1 WO2017016176 A1 WO 2017016176A1 CN 2015100038 W CN2015100038 W CN 2015100038W WO 2017016176 A1 WO2017016176 A1 WO 2017016176A1
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arborvitae
uric acid
polyphenol
polyphenols
leaching
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PCT/CN2015/100038
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French (fr)
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任娇艳
林泽华
郑亚美
揭异
刘丹
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华南理工大学
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K36/00Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
    • A61K36/13Coniferophyta (gymnosperms)
    • A61K36/14Cupressaceae (Cypress family), e.g. juniper or cypress

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  • the invention relates to the field of natural extracts, in particular to a preparation method of arborvitae polyphenols having uric acid-lowering activity and application thereof.
  • Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco , alias fragrant cedar, fragrant tree, ticks , cedar, cork, belonging to Gymnospermae , Coniferopsida , Coniferales , Cupressaceae , Platycladus .
  • the subordinates are classified into golden cypress, golden cypress, thousand cypress, and narrow arborvitae.
  • the twigs, leaves and fruits of arborvitae can be used as medicine.
  • the taste is bitter, sputum, slightly cold, and enters the lungs, liver and large intestine. It has the effect of cooling blood to stop bleeding, black hair, and cough and asthma.
  • Arborvitae leaves The main components are polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and volatile oils. Related activities include anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, sleep, neuroprotective, and anti-erythrocyte oxidation. Wait.
  • Li Yuanyuan et al. used mycelial growth rate method to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts from four different parts of Platycladus orientalis, twigs, cones and seeds on 21 plant pathogenic fungi, and the antibacterial effect of Arborvitae leaves extract was the best.
  • the EC 50 values for white rot, grape black pox, tomato cotton rot and penicillium were: 5.424, 3.186, 8.913 and 19.000 g / L (Northwest Botanical Journal, 2008, 28(5): 1056-1060).
  • This paper mainly studies different parts of arborvitae (leaves, branches, fruits and seeds, etc.), and the activity is focused on bacteriostatic activity, which is different from the present invention.
  • Patent Application Publication No. CN104069135A discloses a 'extraction process of total flavonoids from arborvitae leaves', the date of publication is 2014-10-01, the applicant is Nanjing Zelang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.
  • the patent invention a homogenate - Microwave synergistic extraction of total flavonoids from Platycladus orientalis leaves, characterized in that the fat-soluble substance is removed by homogenization method, and the total flavonoids of Platycladus orientalis leaves are extracted by microwave.
  • the disclosed patent is different from the extraction method used in the present invention, and the target chemical composition is also different. And does not involve the effect of reducing uric acid.
  • the patent application publication No. CN201310102863.5 discloses a method for preparing a cypress biflavonoid having a publication date of 2013-06-05, and the applicant is Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
  • the method is as follows: take the arborvitae leaves, add 5 ⁇ 8 times of volume of petroleum ether, heat and reflux for 1 ⁇ 3 hours, filter, take the filter residue and add water, then put into the microwave extraction device for extraction, filtration, concentration, and adsorption through macropores.
  • the resin is adsorbed, eluted with water, and then eluted with 60-80% ethanol.
  • the eluate is recovered under reduced pressure and concentrated.
  • the mixture is added to a polyamide column and mixed with a ratio of 3:1 dichloromethane-methanol.
  • This disclosed patent differs from the extraction method used in the present invention in that the target chemical composition is also different and does not involve uric acid lowering efficacy.
  • Patent application publication number is CN201310360308.2
  • the patent discloses 'a method for extracting cypress biflavonoids from arborvitae leaves', published as 2013-12-18
  • the applicant is Nanjing Standard Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
  • the invention discloses a method for extracting cypress flavonoids from the leaves of oriental arborvitae: the arborvitae leaves are pulverized and added with saturated lime water to extract, the extract is ultrafiltered by ultrafiltration membrane, and the permeate is concentrated by nanofiltration membrane; Liquid regulation After pH to 3 ⁇ 5, add to the macroporous resin column for adsorption, gradient elution with ethanol solution, and concentrate to adjust pH3 ⁇ 5 crystals.
  • the filtered crystals are dissolved in 50% ⁇ 80% methanol solution and concentrated to alcohol concentration. 10% ⁇ 30%, added to the macroporous resin adsorption, gradient elution with ethanol solution, the eluent is concentrated and crystallized, and the crystal is reused 70%.
  • the ethanol solution was recrystallized and dried.
  • the filter cake after the extraction of n-hexane, adding 5 volumes of 60% ethanol, heating under reflux and then filtering; taking the filter cake to add 3 A volume of purified water is heated and refluxed and then filtered; the filter cake is concentrated in vacuo to obtain component B, and the filtrate is recovered and concentrated to obtain component C. Therefore, the disclosed patent differs from the extraction method used in the present invention in the target chemical composition and efficacy.
  • Patent application publication number is US 20100112107 U.S. Patent discloses "a method for preparing a arborvitae extract having a sleep promoting effect", published on 2010-05-06, and the applicant is Xie, Xueji Wait.
  • This patent invents a arborvitae extract having a physiological sleep mitigation and a composition thereof.
  • the composition may further comprise at least one of a jujube kernel extract, a polygala extract or a mixture thereof for sleep promoting efficacy.
  • the evaluation method of activity was a mouse animal experiment to study the sleep time induction of barbital sodium hypnosis, the side effects on free movement of mice, the traction test, and the sloping plate climbing test. Therefore, the disclosed patent differs from the extraction method used in the present invention in that the target chemical composition and efficacy are also different.
  • the invention provides a preparation method and application of a polyphenol having a uric acid-lowering activity, and lays a theoretical foundation and a technical basis for the deep processing of the arborvitae leaves and its efficient utilization.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the invention lies in the effective extraction, separation and purification of polyphenols from the leaves of Platycladus orientalis, and separation and purification.
  • the uric acid-lowering activity of arborvitae leaf polyphenols was studied to provide a polyphenolic phenolic acid with uric acid-lowering activity and its preparation method and application.
  • preparation method specifically includes the following steps:
  • the polyphenol eluate of the arborvitae leaf purified by the macroporous adsorption resin is concentrated by vacuum rotary evaporation, and then freeze-dried to obtain a polyphenol solid powder product of the arborvitae leaf.
  • the ultrahigh pressure extraction condition of step (2) is: the solvent is water, and the ratio of material to liquid is 1:15 ⁇ 1:30 g/mL. Sealed in a bag and placed in a Teflon pressure-transmitting sleeve to control the temperature of the extract from 30 to 40 °C.
  • the high-pressure treatment conditions are 100 MPa -450 MPa, and the pressure holding time is 10 Min ⁇ 20 min.
  • the atmospheric pressure high-temperature extraction condition of the step (2) is: the high temperature treated filter residue heating water to the ratio of the liquid to the liquid is 1:10 ⁇ 1: 15 g/mL, hot water temperature is 70 ⁇ 95 °C, and extraction time is 3 ⁇ 6 h.
  • the conditions of the centrifugation in step (2) are both 4000 r/min, 15 min.
  • the temperature of the vacuum rotary evaporation as described in the step (3) and the step (5) is 70 °C.
  • the resin types used are HPD 300, HPD 600 One or more of HPD 722, D101, NKA-9, ADS-5, ADS-17.
  • the elution solvent used is a volume fraction of 30% to 80%. Ethanol.
  • the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity test proves that the arborvitae polyphenol has good uric acid-lowering activity and can be used for preparing functional foods with uric acid-lowering effect or adjuvant treatment for diseases such as hyperuricemia and gout.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
  • the arborvitae polyphenol obtained by the invention has the advantages of simple and easy to obtain, good safety and good thermal stability.
  • the test of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity proves that the phenolic activity of the arborvitae leaves has good uric acid lowering activity and can be used for descending A functional food for uric acid function or an adjuvant treatment for diseases such as hyperuricemia and gout.
  • the preparation process of the invention is simple and reasonable, green and environmentally friendly, and easy to realize industrialized large-scale production.
  • Figure 1 is a chromatogram of the polyphenol column chromatography of the arborvitae leaf purified by macroporous adsorption resin.
  • Figure 2 shows the infrared spectrum of arborvitae leaf polyphenol PF1.
  • Figure 3 shows the LC-MS spectrum of Platycladus orientalis polyphenol PF1.
  • Figure 4 is a mass spectrum of the compound 1 of the phenolic phenolic PF1 liquid chromatography.
  • Figure 5 is a mass spectrum of the compound 2 of the phenolic phenolic PF1 liquid chromatography.
  • Figure 6 is a mass spectrum of the compound 3 of the liquid chromatography of the arborvitae leaf polyphenol PF1.
  • Figure 7 is a mass spectrum of the compound 4 of the phenolic phenolic PF1 liquid chromatography.
  • Figure 8 is a mass spectrum of the compound 5 of the arborvitae leaf polyphenol PF1 liquid chromatography.
  • Figure 9 is a mass spectrum of the compound 6 of the arborvitae leaf polyphenol PF1 liquid chromatography.
  • Figure 10 is a mass spectrum of the compound 7 of the arborvitae leaf polyphenol PF1 liquid chromatography.
  • Figure 11 is a mass spectrum of the compound 8 of the arborvitae leaf polyphenol PF1 liquid chromatography.
  • Figure 12 is a mass spectrum of the compound 9 of the arborvitae leaf polyphenol PF1 liquid chromatography.
  • Figure 13 is a mass spectrum of the compound 10 of the arborvitae leaf polyphenol PF1 liquid chromatography.
  • Figure 14 is a mass spectrum of the compound 11 of the arborvitae leaf polyphenol PF1 liquid chromatography.
  • Figure 15 shows the inhibitory effect of phenolic PF1 on the xanthine oxidase.
  • sample concentration is 0.60 when loading Mg/mL, gradient elution with 30% and 60% (volume fraction) of aqueous ethanol solution, the amount of eluent for each concentration is 2 column volumes (column model: f 2.6 cm ⁇ 20 Cm), the eluent flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the total phenol content in the eluate was used as an evaluation index.
  • the arborvitae leaves were dried at 90 °C for 3 h, and then pulverized with a powder machine to obtain arborvitae leaf powder.
  • the sample is 0.50 when loading Mg/mL, gradient elution with 50% and 80% (volume fraction) of aqueous ethanol solution, the amount of eluent for each concentration is 2 column volumes (column model: f 2.6 cm ⁇ 20 Cm), the eluent flow rate was 1 mL/min, and the total phenol content in the eluate was used as an evaluation index.
  • the elution peak of the polyphenols of Platycladus orientalis leaves under 40% ethanol was collected and recorded as PF1 component.
  • the arborvitae polyphenol PF1 fraction prepared according to the above Example 1 was subjected to structural identification and activity analysis by the following methods, Examples 2 and 3 The result is similar to that of the embodiment 1.
  • 1074.57 cm -1 and 1032.44 cm -1 are CC stretching vibration absorption peaks; the absorption peak near 810.56 cm -1 belongs to the outward bending vibration absorption peak of CH on the benzene ring; 630.49 cm -1 is the OH out-of-plane bending vibration absorption peak.
  • the structure of the purified polyphenols of Platycladus orientalis was analyzed by LC-MS, as shown in Fig. 3, in which the ordinate intensity represents intensity.
  • the instrument model is Agilent 1100/Esquire HCT PLUS and the manufacturer is Bruker, Germany. Chromatographic conditions: Agilent ZorbaxSB-C18 column (100 mm ⁇ 4.6 mm, 1.8 ⁇ m, Agilent, USA); flow rate 0.2 mL/min, column temperature 25 °C, injection volume 5.0 ⁇ L.
  • the mobile phase A was water and the mobile phase B was acetonitrile.
  • the gradient elution process was: 1 min, 85% A, 15% B, 3 min, 15% A, 85% B, 9 min, 15% A, 85% B; 9.1 min, 85% A, 15% B; 10 min, 85% A, 15% B.
  • the UV acquisition data range is 200 ⁇ 400 nm and the detection wavelength is 360 nm.
  • Mass spectrometry conditions ESI negative ion mode, spray gas pressure 50 psig, dry gas flow rate 4.0 L / min, dry gas temperature 180 °C, capillary voltage 2500 V; scanning range (m/z) 50 ⁇ 1000.
  • the first-stage mass spectrometry and the second-order mass spectrometry analysis of LC-MS showed that the polyphenols of Platycladus orientalis prepared by this method contained Magnolol (Molecular Formula C 18 H 18 O 2 , molecular weight 266.32).
  • magnolol, paeonol, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, coumaric acid, methyl rosmarinate, apigenin, aglycone, cinnamicin, Dicaffeoylshikimic acid were reported for the first time. Class of substances.
  • Xanthine oxidase is a key enzyme that promotes the transformation of jaundice into uric acid. Inhibiting the activity of xanthine oxidase can inhibit the production of uric acid and lower the serum uric acid content. If the sample has an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity, the sample has the effect of inhibiting uric acid production. It is shown in Fig.
  • the polyphenol PF1 of Platycladus orientalis has good xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and at a lower concentration, the final concentration of the polyphenol sample in the assay system is 50 mg/L (ie 50 When the concentration is ⁇ g/mL, the inhibitory activity against xanthine oxidase can reach 44.93%. Therefore, the experiment of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity indicates that the polyphenols of Platycladus orientalis have uric acid-lowering activity and can be used for the production of related functional health foods.

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Abstract

一种降尿酸的侧柏叶多酚及其制备方法和应用,所述制备方法包括下列步骤:将侧柏叶超高压低温浸提、常压高温浸提、过滤、浓缩、大孔树脂纯化,获得侧柏叶多酚,所述多酚可抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶,用于制备降尿酸的功能性食品或辅助治疗高尿酸血症、痛风等的药物。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称] 一种降尿酸的侧柏叶多酚及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及天然提取物领域,具体涉及一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
侧柏 ( Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco ) ,别名 香柯树、香树、扁桧、香柏、黄柏 ,隶属于裸子植物门( Gymnospermae )、松柏纲( Coniferopsida )、松杉目 ( Coniferales )、柏科( Cupressaceae )、侧柏属( Platycladus )。下级分类有金塔柏、金黄球柏、千头柏、窄冠侧柏。侧柏嫩枝、叶及果皆可入药,其味苦、涩,性微寒,入肺、肝、大肠经,有凉血止血、乌须发、止咳喘的功效。在古代,侧柏的枝叶是备受道家推崇的延年上品,具有重要的食疗养生价值。明代李时珍《本草纲目》记载侧柏叶'治风痹关节作痛'。若感受风热之邪,与湿相并,而致风湿热合邪为患。风湿热痹,症见关节疼痛、灼热红肿、发热、口渴等,可用侧柏叶,苦寒清热,祛风降湿而通络止痛。
侧柏叶 所含的主要成分为多酚类化合物、黄酮类化合物、鞣质及挥发油类等,相关活性研究包括抗肿瘤作用、抗炎作用、抑菌作用、改善睡眠作用、神经保护作用、抗红细胞氧化作用等。
蒋继宏等对侧柏叶、种皮及种子的挥发油进行了抗人肺癌细胞实验,结果表明侧柏叶、种皮和种子的挥发油对肺癌细胞 NCI-H 460 有明显抑制作用,抑制率分别为 86.24% 、 47.80% 和 97. 73% ;并且可从侧柏叶挥发油中重结晶得到纯度高达 97.06% 的雪松醇,其对人肺癌细胞 NCI-H 460 半致死浓度为 44.9 8 μg/mL ( 林业科学研究 , 2006, 19(3): 311-315 )。该论文与本专利所报道内容差异较大,所用原料部位及目标成分不同。
梁统等以二甲苯致炎小鼠耳片肿胀及角叉菜胶诱发大鼠足爪肿胀模型研究了侧柏总黄酮的抗炎作用及机制,发现侧柏总黄酮具有较强的抗炎作用,其对中性粒细胞花生四烯酸代谢产物白三烯 B4 ( LTB4 )、 5- 羟廿碳四烯酸( 5-HETE )生物合成及 β - 葡糖苷酸酶释放具有抑制作用(中国药理学通报 , 2005,19(12): 1407-1410 )。 该论文主要关注侧柏总黄酮的抗炎作用,与本发明内容差异较大。
李园园等采用菌丝生长速率法测定了侧柏叶、小枝、球果和种子 4 个不同部位乙醇提取物对 21 种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,其中侧柏叶提取物的抑菌效果最好,对供试葡萄白腐病菌、葡萄黑痘病菌、番茄绵腐病菌和青霉病菌的 EC50 分别为: 5.424 、 3.186 、 8.913 和 19.000 g /L ( 西北植物学报 , 2008, 28(5): 1056-1060 )。该论文主要研究侧柏不同部位(叶、枝、果和种子等),活性重点为抑菌活性,不同于本发明内容。
王连萍研究了侧柏叶黄酮的提取和纯化工艺,优化得到的工艺条件为:以 70% 乙醇提取侧柏叶黄酮,利用溶剂萃取法将侧柏叶醇提取液分为 4 个部位,测定 α- 葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,结果发现乙酸乙酯部位活性最高;并利用中低压柱层析法对乙酸乙酯部位进行成分分析,得到 2 个化合物即槲皮苷和穗花杉双黄酮,测定 α- 葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,结果显示槲皮苷抑制作用不明显,而穗花杉双黄酮活性较高(吉林农业大学 2012 年硕士学位论文)。该论文与本专利所报道提取方法及纯化方法不同,目标化学成分亦不同。
专利申请公开号为 CN104069135A 的专利公开了'一种侧柏叶总黄酮的提取工艺',公开日期为 2014-10-01 ,申请人为南京泽朗医药科技有限公司。该专利发明一种匀浆 - 微波协同提取侧柏叶总黄酮的方法,其特点是以匀浆法除去脂溶性物质,再采用微波提取侧柏叶总黄酮,该公开专利与本发明所用提取方法不同,目标化学成分亦不同,且未涉及降尿酸功效。
专利申请公开号为 CN201310102863.5 的专利公开了'一种扁柏双黄酮的制备方法',公开日期为 2013-06-05 ,申请人为南京中医药大学。方法如下:取侧柏叶,加入其质量 5~8 倍量体积的石油醚加热回流 1~3 小时,滤过,取滤渣加水后投入微波萃取装置中进行萃取、过滤、浓缩,通过大孔吸附树脂吸附,水洗脱除杂,然后以 60~80% 乙醇洗脱,洗脱液减压回收乙醇并浓缩,加到聚酰胺层析柱上,以比例为 3:1 的二氯甲烷 ‑ 甲醇混合溶剂作为洗脱剂洗脱,收集对应于聚酰胺薄膜上 Rf = 4~4.5 的流份,回收溶剂,加入丙酮结晶,洗涤、干燥。该公开专利与本发明所用提取方法不同,目标化学成分亦不同,且未涉及降尿酸功效。
专利申请公开号为 CN201310360308.2 的专利公开了'一种高从侧柏叶中提取扁柏双黄酮的方法',公开日期为 2013-12-18 ,申请人为南京标科生物科技有限公司。该发明公开了一种从侧柏叶中提取扁柏双黄酮的方法:取侧柏叶粉碎加入饱和石灰水浸泡提取,提取液用超滤膜超滤,透过液再用纳滤膜浓缩;浓缩液调节 pH 至 3~5 后加入大孔树脂柱吸附,乙醇溶液梯度洗脱,洗脱液浓缩调节 pH3~5 结晶;滤出结晶用 50%~80% 甲醇溶液溶解,浓缩至醇浓度至 10%~30% ,加入大孔树脂吸附,乙醇溶液梯度洗脱,洗脱液浓缩结晶,结晶物再用 70% 乙醇溶液重结晶、干燥。该公开专利与本发明所用提取方法不同,目标化学成分亦不同,且未涉及降尿酸功效。
专利申请公开号为 US 5773005 的美国专利公开了'一种从侧柏中提取纯化具有 5α- 还原酶( 5α-reductase )抑制活性的黄酮和二萜的方法',公开日期为 1998-06-30 ,申请人为 Takahashi, Hidehiko 等。方法如下:取侧柏叶粉,按料液比 1:5 加入正己烷混合后加热回流,过滤后真空浓缩;滤饼用初始原料 2 倍体积的 60% 乙醇溶解后过滤,将滤液真空浓缩得到组分 A 。正己烷萃取后的滤饼,加入 5 倍体积的 60% 乙醇,加热回流然后过滤;取滤饼加入 3 倍体积的纯净水,加热回流然后过滤;真空浓缩滤饼即得组分 B ,滤液回收浓缩即得组分 C 。 因此,该公开专利与本发明所用提取方法不同,目标化学成分及功效功效。
专利申请公开号为 US 20100112107 的美国专利公开了'一种具有睡眠促进作用的侧柏提取物的制备方法',公开日期为 2010-05-06 ,申请人为 Xie, Xueji 等。该专利发明了一种具有缓解生理睡眠障的侧柏提取物及其组合物。该组合物还可以包括睡眠促进功效的酸枣仁提取物、远志提取物或它们的混合物的至少一个。活性的评价方法为小鼠动物实验,研究巴比妥钠催眠的睡眠时间诱发、对小鼠自由活动的副作用、牵引试验以及斜板爬坡试验。因此,该公开专利与本发明所用提取方法不同,目标化学成分及功效亦不同。
综上所述,目前关于以 侧柏叶 为原料,依次经过超高压浸提、常压高温浸提、过滤浓缩 、大孔吸附树脂纯化,并用分离纯化后的 侧柏叶多酚 进行降尿酸活性的报道尚无。而本发明提供了一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法及其应用,为侧柏叶的深加工及其高效利用奠定了理论基础和技术基础。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于对 侧柏叶 中的多酚进行有效提取和分离纯化,并对分离纯化后的 侧柏叶多酚的降尿酸活性 进行研究,提供一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚及其制备方法和应用。
本发明的具体技术方案如下。
一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法, 以 侧柏叶 为原料,经过如下工艺制备:超高压低温浸提、常压高温浸提、过滤浓缩、大孔吸附树脂纯化后获得。
进一步地,所述 制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
( 1 )将侧柏叶于 50 ~90 °C 下干燥 3 ~ 6 h ,然后用打粉机粉碎,得侧柏叶粉末;
( 2 )将侧柏叶粉末与溶剂按料液比混合搅拌均匀,进行超高压浸提,得浸提液,将浸提液离心,收集滤液,并将滤渣进行常压高温浸提,再次离心,合并两次浸提滤液;
( 3 )采用抽滤法或离心法去除不溶物,取滤液或上清液进行真空旋转蒸发浓缩;
( 4 )利用大孔吸附树脂纯化步骤( 4 )浓缩后的粗提取液,洗脱溶剂为乙醇水溶液,以洗脱液中总酚含量为评价指标,收集侧柏叶多酚洗脱峰;
( 5 )对大孔吸附树脂纯化后的侧柏叶多酚洗脱液进行真空旋转蒸发浓缩,后进行冷冻干燥,得到侧柏叶多酚固体粉末产品。
进一步优化地,步骤( 2 )的超高压浸提条件为:溶剂为水,料液比为 1:15 ~ 1: 30 g/mL , 用包装袋密封后置于聚四氟乙烯传压套筒内 ,控制浸提液温度30 ~ 40℃ , 高压处理条件为 100 MPa -450 MPa , 保压时间 10 min~ 20 min 。
进一步优化地,步骤( 2 )的常压高温浸提条件为:高压处理后的滤渣加热水至料液比为 1:10~ 1: 15 g/mL ,热水温度为 70 ~ 95 °C ,浸提时间为 3 ~ 6 h 。
进一步优化地,步骤( 2 )所述离心的条件均为 4000 r/min , 15 min 。
进一步优化地,步骤( 3 )与步骤( 5 )所述真空旋转蒸发浓缩的温度为 70°C 。
进一步优化地,步骤( 4 )的大孔吸附树脂纯化中,所采用的树脂型号为 HPD 300 、 HPD 600 、 HPD 722 、 D101 、 NKA-9 、 ADS-5 、 ADS-17 中的一种或多种。
进一步优化地,步骤( 4 )的大孔吸附树脂纯化中,所采用的洗脱溶剂是体积分数为 30% ~ 80% 的乙醇。
经黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性试验证明该侧柏叶多酚具有良好的降尿酸活性,可用于制备具有降尿酸功效的功能性食品或高尿酸血症、痛风等疾病的辅助治疗药物。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和技术效果:
本发明所获得的侧柏多酚具有简单易得、安全性好、热稳定性好的优点,经黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性试验证明侧柏叶多酚具有良好的降尿酸活性,可用于具有降尿酸功效的功能性食品或高尿酸血症、痛风等疾病的辅助治疗药物。本发明的制备工艺简单合理、绿色环保,并且易于实现工业化大生产。
附图说明
图 1 为大孔吸附树脂纯化侧柏叶多酚柱层析洗脱曲线图。
图 2 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 的红外光谱图。
图 3 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 的液质连用( LC-MS )谱图。
图 4 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 1 的质谱图。
图 5 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 2 的质谱图。
图 6 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 3 的质谱图。
图 7 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 4 的质谱图。
图 8 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 5 的质谱图。
图 9 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 6 的质谱图。
图 10 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 7 的质谱图。
图 11 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 8 的质谱图。
图 12 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 9 的质谱图。
图 13 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 10 的质谱图。
图 14 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 液质连用分析化合物 11 的质谱图。
图 15 为侧柏叶多酚 PF1 对黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制作用效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的实施作进一步说明,但本发明的实施不限于此。
实施例 1 :
( 1 )将 150g 侧柏叶于 50 ℃ 下干燥 6 h ,然后用打粉机粉碎,得侧柏叶粉末。
( 2 )将侧柏叶粉末与水按料液比 1:15g/mL 混合搅拌均匀, 用包装袋密封后置于聚四氟乙烯传压套筒内 ,于 超高压下浸提, 控制处理过程 中样品温度35℃, 高压处理条件为 450 MPa , 保压时间 10 min 。处理结束后 将浸提液离心( 4000 r/min , 15 min ),收集滤液。
( 3 )将 高压处理后的滤渣加热水至料液比为 1: 15 g/mL ,热水温度为 70 ℃ ,浸提时间为 6 h 。将所得浸提液离心( 4000 r/min , 15 min ),收集滤液。
( 4 )合并两次浸提滤液,采用抽滤法去除不溶物,取滤液于 70 ℃ 下进行真空旋转蒸发浓缩;
( 5 )利用大孔吸附树脂 ADS-17 纯化步骤( 4 )浓缩后的粗提取液,上样时样品浓度为 0.60 mg/mL ,先后采用 30% 和 60% (体积分数)的乙醇水溶液进行梯度洗脱,每个浓度的洗脱剂用量为 2 倍柱体积(柱型号: f 2.6 cm ´ 20 cm ),洗脱液流速为 1 mL/min ,以洗脱液中总酚含量为评价指标,收集侧柏叶多酚在 40% 乙醇洗脱下的洗脱峰,记为 PF1 组分 。
( 6 )对大孔吸附树脂纯化后的侧柏多酚 PF1 组分洗脱液在 70 ℃ 旋转蒸发浓缩,后进行冷冻干燥,得到侧柏叶多酚 PF1 组分固体粉末产品。侧柏叶多酚大孔树脂纯化洗脱曲线如图 1 。
实施例 2 :
( 1 )将 150g 侧柏叶于 70 ℃ 下干燥 5 h ,然后用打粉机粉碎,得侧柏叶粉末。
( 2 )将侧柏叶粉末与水按料液比 1:20g/mL 混合搅拌均匀, 用包装袋密封后置于聚四氟乙烯传压套筒内 ,于 超高压下浸提, 控制处理过程中样品 温度35℃, 高压处理条件为 300 MPa , 保压时间 15 min 。处理结束后 将浸提液离心( 4000 r/min , 15 min ),收集滤液。
( 3 )将 高压处理后的滤渣加热水至料液比 1: 12 g/mL ,热水温度为 80 ℃ ,浸提时间为 4 h 。将所得浸提液离心( 4000 r/min , 15 min ),收集滤液。
( 4 )合并两次浸提滤液,采用抽滤法去除不溶物,取滤液于 70 ℃ 下进行真空旋转蒸发浓缩。
( 5 )利用大孔吸附树脂 HPD-300 纯化步骤( 4 )浓缩后的粗提取液,上样时样品浓度为 0.50 mg/mL ,先后采用 40% 和 70% (体积分数)的乙醇水溶液进行梯度洗脱,每个浓度的洗脱剂用量为 2 倍柱体积(柱型号: f 2.6 cm ´ 20 cm ),洗脱液流速为 1 mL/min ,以洗脱液中总酚含量为评价指标,收集侧柏叶多酚在 40% 乙醇洗脱下的洗脱峰,记为 PF1 组分。
( 6 )对大孔吸附树脂纯化后的侧柏叶多酚 PF1 组分洗脱液在 70 ℃ 旋转蒸发浓缩,后进行冷冻干燥,得到侧柏叶多酚 PF1 组分固体粉末产品(侧柏叶多酚大孔树脂纯化洗脱曲线可参考图 1 )。
实施例 3 :
( 1 )将侧柏叶于 90 ℃ 下干燥 3 h ,然后用打粉机粉碎,得侧柏叶粉末。
( 2 )将侧柏叶粉末与水按料液比 1:30g/mL 混合搅拌均匀, 用包装袋密封后置于聚四氟乙烯传压套筒内 ,于 超高压下浸提, 控制处理过程中样品 温度35℃, 高压处理条件为 100 MPa , 保压时间 20 min 。处理结束后 将浸提液离心( 4000 r/min , 15 min ),收集滤液。
( 3 )将 高压处理后的滤渣加水至料液比 1: 10 g/mL ,热水温度为 95 ℃ ,浸提时间为 3 h 。将所得浸提液离心( 4000 r/min , 15 min ),收集滤液。
( 4 )合并两次浸提滤液,采用抽滤法去除不溶物,取滤液于 70 ℃ 下进行真空旋转蒸发浓缩。
( 5 )利用大孔吸附树脂 D-101 纯化步骤( 4 )浓缩后的粗提取液,上样时样品为 0.50 mg/mL ,先后采用 50% 和 80% (体积分数)的乙醇水溶液进行梯度洗脱,每个浓度的洗脱剂用量为 2 倍柱体积(柱型号: f 2.6 cm ´ 20 cm ),洗脱液流速为 1 mL/min ,以洗脱液中总酚含量为评价指标,收集侧柏叶多酚在 40% 乙醇洗脱下的洗脱峰,记为 PF1 组分。
( 6 )对大孔吸附树脂纯化后的侧柏叶多酚 PF1 组分洗脱液在 70 ℃ 旋转蒸发浓缩,后进行冷冻干燥,得到侧柏叶多酚 PF1 组分固体粉末产品(侧柏叶多酚大孔树脂纯化洗脱曲线可参考图 1 )。
按以上实施例 1 制得的侧柏叶多酚 PF1 组分通过以下方法进行结构鉴定和活性分析,实施例 2 和 3 的结果与实施例 1 类似。
1 、侧柏叶多酚的红外光谱分析
取侧柏叶多酚 PF1 样品 2.0 mg ,加入适量干燥的 KBr 粉末,混合均匀,在玛瑙研钵中研磨均匀后加入压膜内压片,制成厚约 1 mm 、直径约为 10 mm 左右的透明压片。用 FT-IR (傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,型号为 VERTEX 70 ,德国 Bruker 公司)对 PP1 压片在 500 ~ 4000 cm-1 区间进行扫描,采集样品的红外吸收图谱。由图 2 侧柏叶多酚的红外光谱图可知,在 3377.64 cm -1 附近有一个强而宽的吸收峰,这是属于羟基的伸缩振动特征吸收峰( 3600 ~ 3200 cm-1 );在 2935.83 cm -1 附近的吸收峰是属于 C-H 伸缩振动吸收峰( 2950 ~ 2850 cm-1 ); 1654.66 cm -1 附近的吸收峰是属于 C=O 双键的伸缩振动吸收峰( 1680 ~ 1620 cm-1 ); 1268.00 cm -1 附近的吸收峰是属于 C-O 伸缩振动吸收峰。 1074.57 cm -1 和 1032.44 cm -1 是 C-C 伸缩振动吸收峰; 810.56 cm -1 附近的吸收峰是属于苯环上 C-H 面外弯曲振动吸收峰; 630.49 cm -1 是 O-H 面外弯曲振动吸收峰。
2 、侧柏叶多酚的液质连用( LC-MS )结构分析
采用液质连用( LC-MS )分析纯化后的侧柏叶多酚的结构,如图 3 ,其中纵坐标 intens 表示强度。仪器型号为 Agilent 1100/Esquire HCT PLUS ,生产厂家为德国布鲁克公司。色谱分析条件: AgilentZorbaxSB -C18 色谱柱( 100 mm × 4.6 mm , 1.8 μm ,美国 Agilent 公司);流速 0.2 mL/min ,柱温 25 ℃ ,进样量 5.0 μL 。流动相 A 为水、流动相 B 为乙腈,梯度洗脱过程: 1 min , 85% A, 15%B ; 3 min , 15% A, 85%B ; 9 min , 15% A , 85%B ; 9.1 min , 85% A, 15%B ; 10 min , 85% A , 15%B 。紫外采集数据范围为 200 ~ 400 nm ,检测波长 360 nm 。质谱分析条件: ESI 负离子模式,喷雾气压力 50 psig ,干燥气流速 4.0 L /min ,干燥气温度 180 ℃ ,毛细管电压 2500 V ;扫描范围( m/z ) 50 ~ 1000 。通过液质连用( LC-MS )的一级质谱图和二级质谱图分析得知,本方法制备的侧柏多酚含有厚朴酚( Magnolol , 分子式 C18H18O2 、分子量 266.32 )(如图 4 );丹皮酚( Paeonol , 分子式 C9H10O3 、分子量 166.18 )(如图 5 );阿魏酸( Ferulic acid ,分子式 C9H10O3 、分子量 194.19 )(如图 6 );芥子酸( Sinapic acid ,分子式 C11H12O5 、分子量 224.21 )(如图 7 );香豆酸( Coumaric acid ,分子式 C9H8O3 、分子量 164.16 )(如图 8 )、迷迭香酸甲酯( Methyl rosmarinate , 分子式 C19H18O8 、分子量 374.35 )(如图 9 )、芹菜素( Apigenin , 分子式 C15H10O5 、分子量 270.24 )(如图 10 )、条叶蓟素( Cirsiliol ,分子式 C17H14O7 、分子量 330 )(如图 11 )、胡麻素( Pedalitin ,分子式 C16H12O7 、分子量 316 )(如图 12 )、 Dicaffeoylshikimic acid ( 分子量 498 )(如图 13 )、 穗花杉双黄酮( Amentoflavone , C30H18O10 、分子量 538.46 )(如图 14 ) 。其中厚朴酚、丹皮酚、阿魏酸、芥子酸、香豆酸、迷迭香酸甲酯、芹菜素、条叶蓟素、胡麻素、 Dicaffeoylshikimic acid 为首次研究报道的侧柏叶多酚类物质。
3 、侧柏叶多酚的降尿酸活性测定配制 0.1 mol/l pH 7.5磷酸盐缓冲液( PBS );配制 0.43μmol/mL的黄嘌呤溶液;配制0.4U/mL黄嘌呤氧化酶溶液。将待测样品稀释或者配制成10 mg/mL,向 96孔酶标板中,每孔加入50 μL待测样品以及50μL黄嘌呤氧化酶溶液,以10 μg/mL的别嘌呤醇为阳性对照。 37 ℃ 保温 15 min,加入 200 μL黄嘌呤溶液,在292nm波长下每30 s读数一次,共读数80次反应40 min 。得出吸光值后,计算样品抑制率。黄嘌呤氧化酶是促进黄嘌呤转化成为尿酸的关键酶,抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶的活性可以抑制尿酸生成,降低血清尿酸含量。如果样品对黄嘌呤氧化酶活性有抑制作用,则说明样品具有抑制尿酸生成的功效。由图15结果知,侧柏叶多酚PF1具有良好的黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性,在较低浓度下,即测定体系中多酚样品终浓度为 50 mg/L(即 50 μg/mL)时,对黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性可达44.93%。因此,通过黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性实验说明侧柏叶多酚具有降尿酸活性,可用于相关功能性健康食品的生产。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法,其特征在于以侧柏叶为原料,经过如下工艺制备:超高压低温浸提、常压高温浸提、过滤浓缩、大孔吸附树脂纯化后获得。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
    (1)将侧柏叶于50 ~90 ℃下干燥3 ~ 6 h,然后用打粉机粉碎,得侧柏叶粉末;
    (2)将侧柏叶粉末与溶剂按料液比混合搅拌均匀,进行超高压浸提,得浸提液,将浸提液离心,收集滤液,并将滤渣进行常压高温浸提,再次离心,合并两次浸提滤液;
    (3)采用抽滤法或离心法去除不溶物,取滤液或上清液进行真空旋转蒸发浓缩;
    (4)利用大孔吸附树脂纯化步骤(4)浓缩后的粗提取液,洗脱溶剂为乙醇水溶液,以洗脱液中总酚含量为评价指标,收集侧柏叶多酚洗脱峰;
    (5)对大孔吸附树脂纯化后的侧柏叶多酚洗脱液进行真空旋转蒸发浓缩,后进行冷冻干燥,得到侧柏叶多酚固体粉末产品。
    根据权利要求1所述的一种基于施氏假单胞菌细胞催化的秦皮甲素羟基保护反应方法,其特征在于步骤2)所述带塞三角瓶体积为10mL。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)的超高压浸提条件为:溶剂为水,料液比为1:15 ~ 1: 30 g/mL,用包装袋密封后置于聚四氟乙烯传压套筒内,控制浸提液温度30 ~ 40℃,高压处理条件为100 MPa -450 MPa,保压时间10 min~20 min。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)的常压高温浸提条件为:高压处理后的滤渣加热水至料液比为1:10~ 1: 15 g/mL,热水温度为70 ~ 95 ℃,浸提时间为 3 ~ 6 h。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)所述离心的条件均为4000 r/min,15 min。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(3)与步骤(5)所述真空旋转蒸发浓缩的温度为70℃。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)的大孔吸附树脂纯化中,所采用的树脂型号为HPD 300、HPD 600、HPD 722、D101、NKA-9、ADaS-5、ADS-17中的一种或多种。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(4)的大孔吸附树脂纯化中,所采用的洗脱溶剂是体积分数为30% ~ 80%的乙醇。
  9. 由权利要求1所述制备方法制得的一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚。
  10. 权利要求9所述的一种具有降尿酸活性的侧柏叶多酚在制备具有降尿酸功效的功能性食品或高尿酸血症、痛风疾病的辅助治疗药物中的应用。
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