CN1401380A - 抗痛风组合物及其制备工艺 - Google Patents
抗痛风组合物及其制备工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1401380A CN1401380A CN02138216.6A CN02138216A CN1401380A CN 1401380 A CN1401380 A CN 1401380A CN 02138216 A CN02138216 A CN 02138216A CN 1401380 A CN1401380 A CN 1401380A
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Abstract
一种组合物,含有桂枝挥发油、侧柏叶总黄酮和川芎总生物碱3种组分中的至少2种,其中含桂枝挥发油0.1-0.4g、侧柏叶总黄酮0.5-2.0g、川芎总生物碱0.4-1.6g。该组合物可用于制备预防和治疗高尿酸血症和痛风的药物和保健食品,疗效稳定,安全可靠。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及天然植物有效成分的组合物及其制备方法和药物用途,特别是将桂枝挥发油、侧柏叶总黄酮和(或)川芎总生物碱制备成治疗或预防高尿酸血症和痛风等疾病的药物或保健食品。
背景技术:
痛风是一种嘌呤代谢紊乱引起的疾病。临床特点为高尿酸血症、痛风性关节炎、关节畸形、肾脏病变和尿酸结石、痛风结石形成等。其中高尿酸血症是血中尿酸超过正常的一种状态,是痛风疾病发展过程中的一个阶段;痛风性关节炎是血清尿酸水平增高后,尿酸盐沉积在关节组织,刺激关节并引发一系列的炎性反应。痛风症状以反复下肢关节红肿热痛为主,在中医辩证上多属湿热痹范畴。其病机或因先天禀赋不足,或因后天饮食不节,脏腑功能失调,分清别浊失常,于是湿、热、瘀、浊诸症随之而生。
现有西药针对痛风患者在不同时期所表现的症状选择性进行治疗。如抗炎镇痛药物秋水仙碱和消炎痛用于痛风急性发作治疗,排泄尿酸药物如丙磺舒、苯溴马龙用于间隙期及慢性期治疗,黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂药物别嘌呤醇(唯一在临床上使用)抑制尿酸合成。但上述药物毒副作用大,患者往往不能坚持长期服用,以致不易控制病情。如秋水仙碱和消炎痛具有胃肠道刺激作用,前者还产生白细胞降低和脱发等;丙磺舒、苯溴马龙具有胃肠道反应、肾绞痛及激发痛风急性发作等副作用;别嘌呤醇有致变态反应(发生率高达10-15%)、超敏Stevena-Johnson综合症(可导致27.5%出现斑丘疹患者死亡)、骨髓抑制(虽较少见,但后果严重)等严重的毒副作用。
中医药治疗痛风可根据不同病因病机进行辩证施治。湿热型治以泄浊清热通络为主,方多用加味二妙散。寒湿型治以温散寒湿,祛风除湿为主,方选乌头煎,合薏苡红汤或蠋痹汤、鸡鸣散。寒热错杂型兼治以祛风利湿、理气活血、软坚化痰为主,用麻黄连翘、赤豆汤加味以治风寒湿痹蕴久化热、外邪还在。瘀血阻络型治以养血活血,逐瘀通络为主,方用身痛逐瘀汤加减或四物汤加桑枝、首乌、牛膝、薏苡红等,或选用丹参、鸡血藤、泽兰、红花、川芎以活血化瘀。痰瘀痹阻型治以祛瘀化痰、搜邪通络为主,选用穿山甲、土鳖虫、乌梢蛇、蜈蚣、防己、威灵仙、地龙等。脾虚湿阻型治以健脾益气化浊,泄浊通络为主,方用升阳益胃汤加减,或选用黄芪、当归、萆、牛膝、红花、白术、薏苡红等。
桂枝为樟科植物肉桂cinnamomum cassia Presl的嫩枝,可散寒解表,温通经脉,临床主要用于治疗风湿痹症、中风、小儿心肌炎和妇科疾病等;桂枝富含挥发油,桂皮醛为其主要成分,达62.4%,具有镇静、镇痛、解热作用。侧柏叶为柏科植物侧柏Platycladus orientalis(L.)Franco.的嫩枝与叶,清热凉血,治湿热痹痛,临床常用于治疗肺结核、百日咳等;侧柏叶主要含黄酮、鞣质和挥发油等,新鲜的侧柏叶的粗制总黄酮含量为1.72%,主要为槲皮素等成分。川芎为伞形科植物川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.的根茎,活血行气,散风止痛。川芎含挥发油、生物碱、酚性成分、内酯类和阿魏酸等,生物碱含量较高,从其中分离出的川芎嗪具有活血化瘀、抗血小板凝集、扩张血管、抗自由基、利尿等作用,临床广泛用于治疗心脑血管疾病、肺心病慢性肾病与肝病等。
发明内容:
本发明的目的就是为了解决上述问题,提供一种由桂枝、侧柏叶和川芎中至少两种制备成的组合物及其制备方法,以及在制备预防或治疗高尿酸血症和痛风中的用途。
本发明的技术解决方案之一是:桂枝挥发油、侧柏叶总黄酮和川芎总生物碱中的至少2种组成组合物,其中各组分的配比为:桂枝挥发油0.1-0.4g、侧柏叶总黄酮0.5-2.0g、川芎总生物碱0.4-1.6g;或桂枝挥发油0.1-0.4g、侧柏叶总黄酮0.5-2.0g;或桂枝挥发油0.1-0.4g、川芎总生物碱0.4-1.6g;侧柏叶总黄酮0.5-2.0g、川芎总生物碱0.4-1.6g;优选的组分配比为,桂枝挥发油0.2g、侧柏叶总黄酮1.0g、川芎总生物碱0.8g。
各组分混合后可与β-环糊精等量混合,以增加组合物组份的稳定性。β-环糊精的用量也可以根据具体情况在适当范围内变化。
本发明的技术解决方案之二是:桂枝用超临界CO2萃取、石油醚提取、水蒸气提取或水煎煮提取获得桂枝挥发油;侧柏叶经0-95%乙醇水溶液提取获得侧柏叶总黄酮;川芎经水或酸水-有机溶剂、醇-酸水-有机溶剂、碱化-有机溶剂、离子交换树脂或水蒸气提取获得川芎总生物碱。将桂枝挥发油、侧柏叶总黄酮和川芎总生物碱按下述比例组合,即得组合物:桂枝挥发油0.1-0.4g、侧柏叶总黄酮0.5-2.0g、川芎总生物碱0.4-1.6g;或桂枝挥发油0.1-0.4g、侧柏叶总黄酮0.5-2.0g;或桂枝挥发油0.1-0.4g、川芎总生物碱0.4-1.6g;侧柏叶总黄酮0.5-2.0g、川芎总生物碱0.4-1.6g;优选的组分配比为,桂枝挥发油0.2g、侧柏叶总黄酮1.0g、川芎总生物碱0.8g。
侧柏叶总黄酮可用下述方法进一步纯化:侧柏叶0-95%乙醇水溶液提取液调pH为7.5-9.5,离心后上清液调pH为4-6,取沉淀,水洗至中性,干燥即得;提取液经石油醚或汽油脱脂而得;提取液经石油醚或汽油脱脂后,用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇或水分别或依次提取而得;提取液经大孔吸附树脂吸附后,用10-95%乙醇解吸附而得;提取液经硅藻土、氧化铝等吸附剂吸附后,用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇、乙醇等有机溶剂洗脱后,回收溶剂而得;提取液以聚酰胺、硅胶、离子交换树脂为填料,用柱层析分离。
所得的桂枝挥发油、侧柏叶总黄酮和川芎总生物碱按上述比例,并配以适当辅料,制成片剂、颗粒剂和胶囊剂等固体口服制剂。这些剂型是按照本领域的技术人员所熟知的方法制备。所用的辅料是常规用的助剂,例如淀粉、明胶、阿拉伯胶、硅石、聚乙二醇,含有本发明的化合物的制剂中还可能含有其它辅料,例如包合剂、表面活性剂、润滑剂、崩解剂、防腐剂、矫味剂、色素等等。
本发明的技术解决方案之三是:上述的任意一种组合物用于制备降低高尿酸血症血清尿酸水平、制备抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶和次黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、制备保护痛风性关节炎的炎症组织和制备抗关节炎肿胀的治疗或预防的药物或保健食品。
本发明的优点在于,本发明的组合物以桂枝挥发油、侧柏叶总黄酮和川芎总生物碱为主要成分,简洁合理,药效成分明确,并可分别用桂皮醛、槲皮素和川芎嗪等成分作为质量控制指标。
氧嗪酸钾盐是一种尿酸酶抑制剂,可诱导抑制尿酸分解,增加体内血清尿酸水平,造成高尿酸血症动物模型,国际上普遍用其评价药物的抗高尿酸血症和痛风作用。本发明亦采用高尿酸血症验证药物的抗痛风疗效,疗效可靠,效果显著。
该发明获得的治疗和预防高尿酸血症和痛风病的药物桂枝、侧柏叶和川芎均为常见中草药,来源广。所涉及的制备工艺简单,易于实现工业规模化生产。
具体实施方式:
组合物对高尿酸血症和正常小鼠血清尿酸水平、黄嘌呤氧化酶和次黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、大鼠尿酸钠引起痛风性关节炎组织和角叉菜胶引起关节肿胀的影响药物制备:桂枝用水蒸气提取得桂枝挥发油,得率为1.2%,其中含桂皮醛62.4%;侧柏叶用20倍体积的50%乙醇水溶液热回流4h,提取液蒸干即得侧柏叶总黄酮,得率为1.1%,其中含槲皮素13.5%;川芎用酸水提取后,再以石灰水碱化,碱化液用乙酸乙酯萃取得川芎总生物碱,得率为1.4%,其中川芎嗪为20%。
取桂枝挥发油0.2g、侧柏叶总黄酮1.0g和川芎总生物碱0.8g,用β-环糊精包合桂枝挥发油后混合,即得GCX;取桂枝挥发油0.2g和侧柏叶总黄酮1.0g,用β-环糊精包合桂枝挥发油后混合,即得GC;取桂枝挥发油0.2g和川芎总生物碱0.8g,用β-环糊精包合桂枝挥发油后混合,即得GX;取侧柏叶总黄酮1.0g和川芎总生物碱0.8g混合,即得CX。
雄性昆明种小鼠,体重24±2g,随机分组,每天i.g.给药一次,连续四天,其中生理盐水组和高尿酸血症模型空白组每天均按100ml/kg剂量i.g生理盐水,各高尿酸血症模型空白组在采血前2小时ip氧嗪酸钾盐,给药模型组在最后一次给药前一小时ip氧嗪酸钾盐。最后一次给药2小时后从动物眼眶后静脉丛采血,测定血清尿酸水平。
雄性昆明种小鼠,体重24±2g,随机分组,每天i.g.给药一次,连续7天,处死动物,取肝脏测定次黄嘌呤氧化酶(XDH)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)活力。
雄性Wistar大鼠,体重200±25g,随机分组。每天i.g.给药一次,连续7天,并于第4天给药前1小时用尿酸钠致炎造模,72小时后测量大鼠踝关节肿胀程度。或造模后24h处死,取受试关节周围软组织,测定K+、5-HT、NA和DA含量。
雄性SD大鼠,体重200-250g,随机分组,分别灌胃给药,给药后1h,将1%角叉菜胶0.1ml注入大鼠右后足趾腱膜下致炎,以容积测量法观察各鼠裸关节致炎后1h、2h、4h和6h的肿胀程度。
组合物GCX、GC、GX和CX对高尿酸血症和正常小鼠血清尿酸水平的影响结果分别见表1和表2。在此实验条件下,GCX、GC、GX和CX均显著地降低高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平;其中GCX可将高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平恢复至正常,作用强度与阳性药物别嘌呤醇相近。组合物GCX、GC、GX和CX对正常小鼠血清尿酸水平无显著性影响,而别嘌呤醇组可显著地降低正常小鼠血清尿酸水平。
组合物GCX能显著抑制小鼠肝脏次黄嘌呤氧化酶(XDH)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)的活性,其效果弱于别嘌呤醇(数据见表3)。
组合物GCX对大鼠尿酸钠引起痛风性关节炎模型的影响结果见表4。数据显示,GCX显著地抑制尿酸钠引起的大鼠痛风性关节炎肿胀,作用与秋水仙碱相当。受试关节周围软组织组织学研究表明,GCX和秋水仙碱组均能保护炎症组织。GCX能显著地降低炎症组织中K+含量(P<0.001)和5-HT含量,作用强度与秋水仙碱相当,但对受试关节周围软组织中NE、DA的含量无显著性影响(数据略)。
组合物GCX对大鼠角叉菜胶致炎引起的足趾肿胀的影响结果见表5。数据显示,GCX能显著抑制角叉菜胶引起的足肿胀,降低肿胀率,与阳性药强地松作用相当。
表1组合物GCX、GC、GX和CX对高尿酸血症小鼠血清尿酸水平的影
响(
x±s)组别 剂量(mg/kg) 小鼠血清尿酸水平(mg/100ml)生理盐水组 - 7.87±0.17模型空白组 - 12.68±0.28GCX组 300 7.69±0.11***GC组 200 8.72±0.16**GX组 160 8.62±0.10***CX组 280 9.12±0.15**别嘌呤醇组 10 7.46±0.17***与模型空白组比较:P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.005
表2组合物GCX对正常小鼠血清尿酸水平的影响(
x±s)组别 剂量(mg/kg) 小鼠血清尿酸水平(mg/100m1)生理盐水组 - 3.52±0.12GCX组 147 3.45±0.19
210 3.57±0.15
300 2.99±0.17别嘌呤醇组 10 1.89±0.15***与生理盐水组比较:*P<0.05,**P<0.01,***P<0.001
表3组合物GCX对小鼠肝脏次黄嘌呤氧化酶(XDH)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)
的影响组别 剂量 XDH XO %抑制率
(mg/kg) (nmol uric acid/mmg prot,
x±s) XDH XO生理盐水组 - 2.45±0.13 2.26±0.08 -GCX组 300 1.79±0.13* 1.81±0.11* 26.9 19.9别嘌呤醇组 10 1.35±0.11* 1.34±0.04* 44.9 40.7与生理盐水组比较: *P<0.001
表4组合物GCX对大鼠尿酸钠引起痛风性关节炎炎症组织的影响(
x±s)
剂量 踝关节周径 K+含量 5-HT含量
(mg/kg) (cm) (mol/mg) (g/g)生理盐水组 - 2.24±0.08 2.10±0.02 382±2.14模型空白组 - 3.17±0.12 7.42±0.06 723±9.45GCX组 300 2.76±0.09 3.02±0.04* 395±4.54*秋水仙碱组 12.5 2.56±0.14 3.72±0.03* 401±5.12*与模型空白组比较:*P<0.001
表5组合物GCX对大鼠角叉菜胶致炎关节肿胀的影响组别 剂量 足趾肿胀率(%)
(mg/kg) 1 2 3 4(h)生理盐水组 - 27.3±5.04 27.6±7.02 32.4±4.97 34.7±7.41GCX组 300 8.7±7.13* 12.6±5.81 15.3±5.97 17.3±6.84强地松组 7.5 7.5±4.97* 9.8±8.03* 10.8±5.03 18.5±5.23与生理盐水组比较:*P<0.001
小结:组合物GCX、GC、GX和CX可降低高尿酸血症模型下动物血清尿酸水平,而对正常动物血清尿酸水平无显著影响,可安全有效地治疗和预防高尿酸血症和痛风。GCX能显著抑制小鼠肝脏次黄嘌呤氧化酶(XDH)和黄嘌呤氧化酶(XO)的活性,表明GCX降低高尿酸血症动物血清尿酸水平与其抑制上述酶活性有关。同时GCX可降低炎症组织中K+含量和5-HT含量,显著地抑制尿酸钠引起的大鼠痛风性关节炎,保护炎症组织,可用于治疗痛风性关节炎。GCX能显著降低角叉菜胶引起的足趾肿胀,表明GCX对炎症早期毛细血管扩张、通透性增加、炎性物质渗出、组织水肿等病理改变有显著的抑制作用。
Claims (9)
1.一种组合物,其特征在于含有以下组分中的至少两种:桂枝挥发油、侧柏叶总黄酮和川芎总生物碱。
2.权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于含有以下重量配比的组分中的至少两种:桂枝挥发油0.1-0.4g、侧柏叶总黄酮0.5-2.0g、川芎总生物碱0.4-1.6g。
3.权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于含有以下重量配比的组分:桂枝挥发油0.2g、侧柏叶总黄酮1.0g、川芎总生物碱0.8g。
4.权利要求1-3中的任一权利要求所述的组合物,其特征在于组合物中加入β-环糊精适量制得。
5.权利要求1-3中的任一权利要求所述的组合物,其特征在于可以制成口服制剂。
6.权利要求1-3中的任一权利要求所述的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:桂枝挥发油由桂枝用超临界CO2萃取、石油醚提取、水蒸气提取或水煎煮提取获得;侧柏叶总黄酮由侧柏叶经0-95%乙醇水溶液提取获得;川芎总生物碱由川芎经水或酸水-有机溶剂、醇-酸水-有机溶剂、碱化-有机溶剂、离子交换树脂或水蒸气提取获得。将桂枝挥发油、侧柏叶总黄酮及川芎总生物碱中的至少两种混合。
7.权利要求6中的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,侧柏叶经0-95%乙醇水溶液提取所得提取物可用下列方法进一步纯化,提取液调pH为7.5-9.5,离心后上清液调pH为4-6,取沉淀,水洗至中性,干燥即得;提取液经石油醚或汽油脱脂而得;提取液经石油醚或汽油脱脂后,用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇或水分别或依次提取而得;提取液经大孔吸附树脂吸附后,用10-95%乙醇解吸附而得;提取液经硅藻土、氧化铝等吸附剂吸附后,用氯仿、乙酸乙酯、丙酮、甲醇、乙醇等有机溶剂洗脱后,回收溶剂而得;提取液以聚酰胺、硅胶、离子交换树脂为填料,用柱层析分离;以上纯化方法可单用或采用几种方法的组合。
8.权利要求1-3中的任一权利要求所述的组合物,在制备预防或治疗高尿酸血症和痛风药物或保健食品中的用途。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于权利要求1-3中的任一权利要求所述的组合物在制备以下相关用途的药物或保健食品中的应用:①制备降低高尿酸血症血清尿酸水平的药物或保健食品中的应用;②制备抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶和次黄嘌呤氧化酶活性的药物或保健食品中的应用:③制备预防或治疗痛风药物或保健食品中的应用;④制备保护痛风性关节炎的炎症组织的药物或保健食品中的应用;⑤制备抑制关节肿胀的药物或保健食品中的应用。
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1299675C (zh) * | 2004-05-24 | 2007-02-14 | 南京大学 | 一种干香柏总黄酮组合物及其制备方法 |
CN1314454C (zh) * | 2005-06-06 | 2007-05-09 | 南京中医药大学 | 小鼠急性高尿酸血症模型的复制方法 |
WO2017016176A1 (zh) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-02-02 | 华南理工大学 | 一种降尿酸的侧柏叶多酚及其制备方法和应用 |
CN106668130A (zh) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-17 | 史萍国 | 一种治疗痛风药剂的制作工艺 |
CN116115687A (zh) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-05-16 | 长春中医药大学 | 一种用于痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1299675C (zh) * | 2004-05-24 | 2007-02-14 | 南京大学 | 一种干香柏总黄酮组合物及其制备方法 |
CN1314454C (zh) * | 2005-06-06 | 2007-05-09 | 南京中医药大学 | 小鼠急性高尿酸血症模型的复制方法 |
WO2017016176A1 (zh) * | 2015-07-28 | 2017-02-02 | 华南理工大学 | 一种降尿酸的侧柏叶多酚及其制备方法和应用 |
CN106668130A (zh) * | 2017-01-16 | 2017-05-17 | 史萍国 | 一种治疗痛风药剂的制作工艺 |
CN116115687A (zh) * | 2022-11-16 | 2023-05-16 | 长春中医药大学 | 一种用于痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
CN116115687B (zh) * | 2022-11-16 | 2024-02-02 | 长春中医药大学 | 一种用于痛风的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 |
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