WO2016163323A1 - 透明導電フィルムおよび表示デバイス - Google Patents
透明導電フィルムおよび表示デバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016163323A1 WO2016163323A1 PCT/JP2016/060959 JP2016060959W WO2016163323A1 WO 2016163323 A1 WO2016163323 A1 WO 2016163323A1 JP 2016060959 W JP2016060959 W JP 2016060959W WO 2016163323 A1 WO2016163323 A1 WO 2016163323A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- transparent conductive
- transparent
- metal layer
- metal
- Prior art date
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Images
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- H05K1/0274—Optical details, e.g. printed circuits comprising integral optical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent conductive film and a display device.
- the sheet resistance is proportional to the inverse of the layer thickness of the transparent electrode, the sheet resistance can be reduced by increasing the layer thickness of the transparent electrode.
- the layer thickness is increased, light absorption by the transparent electrode is increased, so that optical characteristics (transparency) are deteriorated.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a transparent conductive film for an organic EL device in which a transparent conductive material layer is provided so as to cover a metal stripe line having a line width of 0.3 to 20 mm.
- the resistance can be reduced by combining a transparent conductive layer and a patterned metal layer.
- the metal layer is light reflective, it is necessary to set the pattern shape so that the metal pattern is difficult to be visually recognized in order to maintain transparency.
- warping may occur due to an imbalance in the stress balance between the front and back of the film.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a transparent conductive film that achieves both low resistance and high transparency and suppresses warpage.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention comprises a transparent electrode layer laminated on a transparent film substrate so that the transparent conductive oxide layer and the patterned metal layer are in contact with each other.
- the maximum thickness of the transparent electrode layer is 300 nm or less.
- the metal layer has a metal pattern width of 1 ⁇ m or more and 8 ⁇ m or less, and a metal pattern coverage of 0.4% or more and 3.2% or less.
- the thickness of the metal layer is preferably 50 nm or more and 250 nm or less.
- the pattern shape of the metal layer is preferably a stripe shape, a mesh shape, a dot shape, or the like.
- a transparent film base material examples include a mode in which a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer are sequentially provided from the side (second stacked structure), a mode in which the metal layer is included in the transparent conductive oxide layer (third stacked structure), and the like.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer is preferably a crystalline film containing indium oxide as a main component.
- the metal layer is preferably a copper layer or a copper alloy layer.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention can be used for display devices such as displays and touch panels.
- the transparent conductive film is preferably used in an area of 80% or more of the display area.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a transparent conductive film according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the transparent conductive film 21 includes at least a transparent film substrate 12 and a transparent electrode (transparent electrode layer) 11.
- the transparent electrode layer 11 includes a transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and a metal layer 14, and are laminated so as to be in contact with each other.
- the metal layer 14 has a pattern shape.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 is the lower layer and the metal layer 14 is the upper layer, and both are laminated in contact.
- the transparent film substrate 12 is a material that is a base (basic) of the transparent conductive film, and may be colorless and transparent at least in the visible light region.
- the thickness of the transparent film base material 12 is not specifically limited, 10 micrometers or more and 400 micrometers or less are preferable, and 20 micrometers or more and 200 micrometers or less are more preferable. If thickness is in this range, a transparent film base material and a transparent conductive film using the same will have sufficient durability and moderate flexibility.
- the transparent electrode layer etc. can be formed into a film by a roll-to-roll system if the thickness of a transparent film base material is in the said range, productivity of a transparent conductive film can be improved.
- the material of the transparent film substrate 12 examples include polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN); cycloolefin resins; polycarbonate resins; polyimide resins; and cellulose resins. Etc.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- cycloolefin resins polycarbonate resins
- polyimide resins polyimide resins
- cellulose resins Etc.
- polyethylene terephthalate or cycloolefin resin is preferably used as the transparent film substrate 12 because it is inexpensive and excellent in transparency.
- those having improved mechanical properties such as Young's modulus and heat resistance by orienting molecules by biaxial stretching are preferably used.
- an optical adjustment layer On one side or both sides of the transparent film substrate 12, an optical adjustment layer, an antireflection layer, an antiglare layer, an easy adhesion layer, a stress buffer layer, a hard coat layer, an easy slip layer, an antistatic layer, a crystallization promoting layer, A functional layer such as a crystallization rate adjusting layer or a durability improving layer may be provided.
- the thickness of the hard coat layer is preferably about 1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 3 to 8 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 5 to 8 ⁇ m.
- the material for the hard coat layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include urethane resins, acrylic resins, and silicone resins.
- a hard coat layer is formed by applying and curing a hard coat material.
- the transparent conductive film 21 includes the transparent electrode layer 11 on the transparent film substrate 12. Although the transparent electrode layer may be provided on both surfaces of the transparent film substrate, generally, the transparent electrode layer is provided only on one surface on the substrate.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 may be a single layer or a plurality of layers, and is composed of, for example, an oxide containing indium oxide as a main component.
- the content of indium oxide in the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 is preferably 87.5 wt% or more and 99 wt% or less, more preferably 90 wt% or more and 97 wt% or less, and 90 wt% or more and 95 wt% or less. Further preferred.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 contains a doped impurity for imparting conductivity by giving a carrier density in the film. Examples of doped impurities for indium oxide include tin oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, and cerium oxide.
- indium oxide / tin (ITO) contains tin oxide as a doping impurity.
- the content of the doped impurity in the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 is preferably 1% by weight to 12.5% by weight, more preferably 3% by weight to 10% by weight, and more preferably 5% by weight to 10% by weight. Further preferred.
- the carrier density of the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 is preferably 4 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 9 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or less, more preferably 6 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 8 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- a transparent conductive oxide layer having the above carrier density can be obtained by adjusting the doping impurity concentration to the above range.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 tends to have a low resistance.
- the resistivity of the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 tends to be 3.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 ⁇ cm or less.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 is preferably a crystalline film containing indium oxide as a main component, and the crystallinity is preferably 90% or more, and more preferably 95% or more. If the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 is a crystalline film having a high degree of crystallinity, light absorption is small and transparency is improved, and resistance change due to environmental changes or the like tends to be suppressed. Further, if the crystallinity is in the above range, the film quality change accompanying the environmental change is small, so that the adhesion between the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and the metal layer 14 tends to be improved. The crystallinity is obtained from the ratio of the area occupied by the crystal grains within the observation field in the microscopic observation.
- a patterned metal layer 14 is provided on the transparent conductive oxide layer 13.
- a metal having a resistivity lower than that of the transparent conductive oxide is used as a material of the metal layer 14.
- the resistivity of the metal layer 14 is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the metal include gold, platinum, iron, copper, silver, aluminum, chromium, cobalt, silver, and alloys containing these metals. Is mentioned.
- silver, a silver alloy, copper, and a copper alloy are preferable. Copper and copper alloys are particularly preferred because of their low resistivity, low cost, and ease of patterning by etching or the like.
- the copper alloy is preferably an alloy containing copper as a main component, that is, an alloy containing 50% or more of copper in the material ratio of the entire metal layer 14.
- the metal layer 14 By providing the metal layer 14 made of a highly conductive material such as copper in a pattern so as to be in contact with the planar transparent conductive oxide layer 13, the metal layer 14 is arranged in the in-plane direction of the transparent electrode layer 11. It plays the role of a relay point for electricity. As a result, the resistance of the transparent electrode layer 11 can be reduced.
- the metal layer 14 provided as a relay point for supplying electricity to the transparent electrode layer 11, i.e., assisting in collecting and diffusing the conductive carriers, does not have to be physically connected to each other. It may be an aggregate of pieces (physically separated metal thin film layer pieces may be referred to as pattern pieces).
- the pattern shape of the metal layer 14 is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a stripe pattern as shown in FIG. 2A, a mesh pattern as shown in FIG. 2B, and a dot pattern as shown in FIG. 2C.
- the width W of the pattern piece of the metal layer is 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the pattern shape of the metal layer is a stripe shape or a mesh shape, that is, when the metal piece is a line shape
- the line width corresponds to the metal pattern width W.
- the dot diameter corresponds to the metal pattern width W.
- the metal pattern width is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more.
- the coverage of the metal pattern is 0.4% or more and 3.2% or less. If the width of the metal pattern is 8 ⁇ m or less and the coverage is 3.2% or less, the metal pattern is hardly visible and the transparency of the transparent electrode layer 11 can be ensured. Moreover, if the coverage of a metal pattern is 3.2% or less, the stress in the interface of the metal layer 14 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 will be relieve
- the coverage of the metal pattern is preferably from 0.5% to 3.0%, more preferably from 0.8% to 2.7%, and even more preferably from 1.0% to 2.5%.
- the area of the metal layer is determined by microscopic observation.
- the coverage may be obtained on the display reference plane at the center of the display region RA .
- the transparent electrode layer 11 is patterned into a stripe shape or a square shape with a width of several millimeters. In this case, the coverage may be obtained in the region where the transparent electrode layer is formed.
- the distance D between the pattern pieces of the metal layer is preferably 30 ⁇ m or more and 2000 ⁇ m or less.
- the interval between the metal lines corresponds to the interval D between the pattern pieces of the metal layer (see FIG. 2A).
- auxiliary electrode lines that connect a plurality of metal lines may be provided in a direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the stripe lines.
- the width of the auxiliary electrode line is preferably 8 ⁇ m or less.
- the interval between the auxiliary electrode lines in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the stripe lines is at least three times the interval D between the stripe lines.
- the pattern shape is regarded as a mesh shape.
- the interval between the metal lines corresponds to the interval D between the pattern pieces of the metal layer (see FIG. 2B).
- the shape of the mesh opening is not limited to a square, but may be a triangle, rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram, trapezoid, honeycomb, or the like.
- Metal lines are non-parallel to, if not directly determine the spacing of the pattern pieces may be determined circle equivalent diameter D 1 of the opening as the interval of the pattern pieces.
- the closest dot-to-dot distance corresponds to the distance D between the metal layer pattern pieces (see FIG. 2C).
- the dots may be arranged in a lattice or zigzag pattern, or may be arranged randomly.
- the distance between dots may be constant or random.
- the inter-dot distance may be different depending on the dot arrangement direction.
- the planar transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and the patterned metal layer 14 in contact with each other, the transparency of the transparent electrode layer 11 is ensured and the thickness is excessively increased.
- the sheet resistance can be reduced without doing so. Therefore, the curvature of the transparent conductive film resulting from the interface stress is suppressed.
- the metal layer 14 plays the role of a relay point for passing a current in the plane of the transparent electrode layer, so that the sheet resistance of the transparent electrode layer can be reduced. This is because the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and the patterned metal layer 14 are laminated so as to be in contact with each other, so that they constitute a parallel resistance against the current in the plane of the transparent electrode layer. is doing.
- a transparent conductive material such as a transparent conductive oxide is provided so as to fill the gaps in the pattern of the metal layer, and when the transparent conductive oxide layer is not provided above and below the metal layer, the metal layer is transparent.
- An equivalent circuit composed of a conductive material is a series resistor.
- the resistance R S of the transparent electrode layer is represented by the sum of the resistance R M of the metal layer and the resistance R T of the transparent conductive material, as in the following formula.
- the resistance R P of the transparent electrode layer 11 as the following equation represented by a reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocal of the R T resistor of reciprocal and transparent conductive oxide layer of the resistor R M of the metal layer.
- FIG. 3 shows the sheet resistance when the transparent conductive oxide layer and the metal layer are in series resistance and parallel resistance with the coverage of the metal layer as the horizontal axis and the sheet resistance of the transparent electrode layer as the vertical axis. It is the graph which took the vertical axis
- sheet resistance is small. In particular, in a range coverage of about 0.8 to 3.2 percent of the metal layer, it can be seen the difference in the parallel resistor R P and the series resistance R S is large.
- the thickness of the transparent electrode layer is preferably set within a predetermined range.
- the maximum layer thickness L of the transparent electrode layer 11 is preferably 300 nm or less, more preferably 270 nm or less, and further preferably 240 nm or less.
- the maximum layer thickness L of the transparent electrode layer 11 is the length in the normal direction of the substrate surface from the surface of the transparent film substrate 12 to the surface of the transparent electrode layer 11 in the portion where the metal layer 14 is formed.
- the sum of the layer thickness T of the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and the layer thickness M of the pattern piece 14 of the metal layer corresponds to the maximum layer thickness L of the transparent electrode layer.
- the maximum layer thickness L of the transparent electrode layer 11 is preferably 80 nm or more.
- the layer thickness M of the patterned metal layer 14 is preferably 50 nm to 250 nm, more preferably 100 nm to 220 nm, and still more preferably 120 nm to 200 nm. If the layer thickness of the metal layer 14 is in the above range, warpage at the interface is suppressed and the function of the metal layer as an auxiliary electrode is ensured, so that the sheet resistance of the transparent electrode layer can be reduced.
- the layer thickness T of the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 is preferably 10 nm to 120 nm, more preferably 12 nm to 70 nm, and further preferably 15 nm to 50 nm. Since the transparent conductive oxide layer is formed in a planar shape, interface stress is more likely to occur than the metal layer 14 provided in a pattern. By setting the layer thickness of the transparent electrode layer in the above range, it is possible to suppress warping due to stress while achieving both transparency and conductivity.
- the ratio M / T between the layer thickness T of the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and the layer thickness M of the metal layer 14 is preferably 1 or more and 10 or less, more preferably 1.5 or more and 7 or less, and further preferably 2 or more and 5 or less. preferable. If the ratio of both is the said range, the curvature of a transparent conductive film will be easy to be suppressed, and the sheet resistance reduction effect of the transparent electrode layer 11 by the metal layer 14 will be easy to be acquired.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and the metal layer 14 in the transparent electrode layer 11 are stacked such that the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and the metal layer 14 are in contact with each other in a plane parallel to the substrate surface. If it is, it will not be limited to the form shown in FIG.
- a patterned metal layer 14 is provided on the transparent film substrate 12, and the transparent exposed on the patterned metal layer (pattern piece) 14 and between the pattern pieces 14.
- a transparent conductive oxide layer 13 may be provided on the film substrate 12 (this laminated form may be referred to as a second laminated structure).
- the transparent electrode layer 11 is laminated in contact with the metal layer 14 as a lower layer and the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 as an upper layer.
- a patterned metal layer 14 may be included in the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 (this stacked form may be referred to as a third stacked structure).
- a patterned metal layer (pattern piece) 14 is laminated on the lower transparent conductive oxide layer 13 a provided on the transparent film substrate 12.
- an upper transparent conductive oxide layer 13 b is provided on the pattern pieces 14 and on the lower transparent conductive oxide layer 13 a exposed between the pattern pieces 14.
- both the transparency of the transparent electrode layer 11 and the reduction in resistance can be achieved by setting the pattern width and coverage of the metal layer within a predetermined range, as in the first laminated structure.
- the warp of the transparent conductive film can be suppressed. It is preferable that the maximum layer thickness L of the transparent electrode layer, the layer thickness T of the transparent conductive oxide layer 13, and the layer thickness M of the metal layer 14 are also set in the same range as in the first laminated structure.
- the maximum layer thickness L of the transparent electrode layer 11 in the second laminated structure is in the normal direction of the substrate surface from the surface of the transparent film substrate 12 to the surface of the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 in the metal layer 14 formation portion. Length.
- the thickness T of the third transparent conductive in the laminated structure oxide layer 13 is the sum of the thickness T b of the thickness T a and the upper transparent conductive oxide layer 13b of the lower transparent conductive oxide layer 13a.
- the maximum layer thickness L of the transparent electrode layer 11 in the third laminated structure is the normal direction of the substrate surface from the surface of the transparent film substrate 12 to the surface of the upper transparent conductive oxide layer 13b in the portion where the metal layer 14 is formed. Is the length of
- the laminated structure of the transparent electrode layer 11 is appropriately selected from the viewpoint of, for example, the adhesion between the transparent film substrate 12 and the transparent electrode layer 11 and the type of layer (film) laminated on the transparent electrode layer 11. .
- a laminated structure is selected from the viewpoint of adhesion, for example, when the adhesion between the transparent film substrate 12 and the transparent electrode layer 11 is higher than the adhesion between the transparent film substrate 12 and the metal layer 14.
- a transparent electrode layer is formed on the transparent film substrate 12.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and the metal layer 14 of the transparent electrode layer 11 are preferably formed by sputtering. From the viewpoint of productivity, it is preferable that the sputtering film formation is performed by a roll-to-roll method using a winding type sputtering apparatus.
- the substrate temperature at the time of sputtering the transparent conductive oxide layer and the metal layer may be within the heat resistance range of the transparent film substrate 12, preferably 60 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or higher and 40 ° C. or lower. If it is such substrate temperature, the water
- an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen is introduced into the deposition chamber.
- an oxidizing gas such as oxygen in addition to the inert gas.
- the patterning method of the metal layer is not particularly limited, and a method of forming a patterned metal layer using a mask at the time of film formation or a method of forming a pattern by etching after forming the metal layer on the entire surface is adopted.
- the metal layer 14 is a copper layer or a copper alloy layer containing copper as a main component, the metal layer 14 can be easily patterned by etching.
- the metal layer 14 is formed on the transparent film substrate 12, and then etching is performed before another layer is formed thereon.
- the metal layer 14 is etched after the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and the metal layer 14 are formed on the transparent film substrate 12.
- the etching is carried out after the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 and the metal layer 14 are continuously formed on the entire surface of the transparent film substrate 12, so that the productivity of the transparent conductive film is excellent.
- patterning is performed after forming a metal layer on the transparent film substrate 12. Thereafter, a transparent conductive oxide layer 13 is formed on the patterned metal layer (pattern piece) 14 and on the transparent film substrate 12 exposed between the pattern pieces.
- the metal layer is patterned after the lower transparent conductive oxide layer 13a and the metal layer are formed on the transparent film substrate 12. Thereafter, the upper transparent conductive oxide layer 13b is formed on the patterned metal layer (pattern piece) 14 and the lower transparent conductive oxide layer 13a exposed between the pattern pieces.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer formed at the above substrate temperature is often an amorphous film after film formation. Therefore, it is preferable to perform crystallization by heating after forming the transparent conductive oxide layer.
- the crystallization of the transparent conductive oxide layer 13 having amorphous indium oxide as a main component is performed by heating at about 80 ° C. or more and 150 ° C. or less. Crystallization of the transparent conductive oxide layer may be performed before or after the metal layer is formed or before or after the metal layer is patterned.
- the transparent conductive film of the present invention is used as a transparent electrode substrate for a display device such as a display or a touch panel, and is particularly suitably used as a transparent electrode substrate for a touch panel. Especially, since the transparent electrode layer 11 is low resistance, it is preferably used for a capacitive touch panel application.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating an example of the display device.
- the display device 31 is provided with a bezel 33 at the periphery, and the inside thereof is a display area RA . That is, the display area RA is an area within the frame of the bezel 33. If the touch panel is used, the display area RA is an area where the user touches the screen, and if the display is a display, the display area RA displays information on the screen.
- the periphery of the display area RA is also an area that is difficult to touch with a finger or the like. Therefore, in the display area R A, except for the periphery, in the center of more than 80% of the display area area (display reference plane) R B, the transparent electrode layer 11, the metal layer coverage and a layer of transparent conductive film If the thickness is satisfied, the area touched or visually recognized by the user can be efficiently improved in various points.
- routing circuit wiring is formed on the transparent electrode of the transparent conductive film in the non-visible region (the outer periphery of the display region RA ) covered with the bezel 33.
- the circuit wiring is formed by, for example, printing of conductive ink or conductive paste, a dry coating method, a photolithography method, or the like.
- a thin film transistor is formed on a transparent conductive film, and a liquid crystal layer or the like is provided thereon.
- ⁇ Warpage> Place a transparent conductive film cut into a square with a side of 400 mm on a horizontal base with the transparent electrode layer facing up, measure the warpage using a height gauge, and the absolute value of warpage is 30 mm or less In the case of, warp was “none”, and when it exceeded 30 mm, warp was “present”.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer indium oxide / tin (tin oxide content: 10% by weight) was used as a target.
- a mixed gas of oxygen and argon is introduced into the apparatus. While introducing, an ITO underlayer having a layer thickness of 2 nm was formed by sputtering under conditions of an oxygen partial pressure of 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa, a film forming chamber pressure of 0.2 Pa, a substrate temperature of 0 ° C., and a power of 4 kW.
- the layer thickness T of the transparent conductive oxide layer in the first laminated structure and the second laminated structure is a total value of the underlayer of 2 nm and the layer formed thereon.
- the total value of 2nm underlayer and the layer formed as a film thereon is a layer thickness T b of the upper transparent conductive oxide layer, T b was 25 nm.
- indium oxide / tin titanium oxide content: 10% by weight
- the layer thickness T a was maintained under the conditions of an oxygen partial pressure of 2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 Pa, a film forming chamber pressure of 0.2 Pa, a substrate temperature of 0 ° C., and a power of 12 kW. Made a 5 nm ITO layer.
- Metal layer deposition and patterning Copper was used as a target for forming the metal layer. While introducing argon gas into the sputtering apparatus, a copper layer was formed by sputtering under conditions of a film forming chamber pressure of 0.2 Pa, a substrate temperature of 0 ° C., and a power of 12 kW. After the metal layer was formed, patterning was performed by a photolithography method using an iron oxide aqueous solution as an etching solution.
- the line width W of the stripe line was 5 ⁇ m, and the distance D between the stripe lines was as shown in Table 1.
- the pattern was a mesh
- the metal line width W was 5 ⁇ m
- the mesh opening was square
- the distance between metal lines (the length of one side of the opening square) D was as shown in Table 1.
- dots with a diameter W of 1 to 7 ⁇ m were randomly arranged so that the coverage with the metal layer would be the value shown in Table 1.
- Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Example 1 As the transparent film substrate, a low heat-shrinkable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film having an MD heat shrinkage of approximately 0% and a TD heat shrinkage of 0.2% was used. On a transparent film substrate, a laminated structure, a metal layer pattern, a metal layer width W, a metal layer pattern interval D, a metal wire coverage, a transparent conductive layer thickness T, a metal layer thickness M, and A transparent conductive film was produced by forming the transparent electrode layer with the maximum layer thickness L of the transparent electrode layer as shown in Table 1.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the transparent conductive oxide layer is formed on the transparent film substrate, the metal layer is formed, the metal layer is patterned, and the transparent conductive oxide is annealed. It carried out in order.
- the metal layer is formed on the transparent film substrate, the metal layer is patterned, the transparent conductive oxide layer is formed, and the transparent conductive oxide is annealed. It carried out in order.
- the transparent conductive film of the third laminated structure the lower transparent conductive oxide layer is formed on the transparent film substrate, the metal layer is formed, the metal layer is patterned, and the upper transparent conductive oxide layer is formed. Film formation and annealing of the transparent conductive oxide were sequentially performed.
- Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, a transparent conductive oxide layer having a layer thickness of 500 nm was formed on a transparent film substrate, and then annealed to produce a transparent conductive film that did not include a metal layer (since there was no metal layer, The coverage is zero).
- Comparative Example 3 In Comparative Example 3, a metal layer was formed on a transparent film substrate, and then the metal layer was patterned into a mesh shape to produce a transparent conductive film not containing a transparent conductive oxide layer.
- Table 1 shows the structures of the transparent conductive films of Examples and Comparative Examples, and the evaluation results of sheet resistance, light transmittance, and warpage.
- Example 1 to Example 9 in which the layer thickness T of the transparent conductive oxide layer is 15 nm, the layer thickness M of the metal layer is 70 nm, and the coverage of the metal layer is 0.6%, the laminated structure and the pattern shape of the metal layer Even though the light transmittance was changed, the light transmittance was the same and the sheet resistance was almost the same value. That is, in Examples 1 to 9, the sheet resistance is 80 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, the light transmittance is 85% or more, a high transparency and low resistance can be achieved at the same time, and a transparent conductive film without warping is obtained. Obtained.
- Example 6 Example 10 and Example 11 in which the transparent electrode layer has the second laminated structure and the metal layer patterned in a stripe shape, the light transmittance slightly decreases as the coverage of the metal layer increases. However, the sheet resistance was greatly reduced. Even in Example 10 and Example 11, no warp occurred in the transparent conductive film.
- Example 12 in which the layer thickness T of the transparent conductive oxide layer and the layer thickness M of the metal layer were larger than in Example 11, the surface resistance was further reduced than in Example 11. Even when the maximum thickness L of the transparent conductive layer was increased to 250 nm, the transparent conductive film was not warped.
- Example 13 and Example 14 in which the transparent electrode layer had the first laminated structure and the metal layer was patterned in a mesh shape, the surface resistance was reduced as in Example 12. Also in Example 13 and Example 14, the transparent conductive film did not warp.
- Comparative Example 1 in which the thicknesses of the transparent conductive oxide layer and the metal layer were the same as in Example 13 and the coverage was increased to 5.0%, the sheet resistance was reduced as compared with Example 13. However, the light transmittance was lowered. Further, as the coverage increased, the transparent conductive film warped.
- the transparent conductive layer is made of only the transparent conductive oxide and does not include the metal layer as in Comparative Example 2, in order to reduce the resistance to the same level as in Example 12, the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide layer is reduced. It is necessary to increase to 500 nm. For this reason, the light transmittance is significantly reduced, and the transparent conductive film is warped as the layer thickness increases. From this result, it can be said that it is difficult to achieve a reduction in resistance, high transparency, and prevention of warpage in a well-balanced manner by using a transparent electrode layer having only a transparent conductive oxide layer.
- the transparent electrode layer comprising only the metal mesh without the transparent conductive oxide layer has a low resistance even when the coverage of the metal layer is small, and has a low resistance and a high transparency. Sexual compatibility is possible.
- the transparent conductive film was warped. From this result, it is considered that the stress at the interface between the transparent electrode layer and the film substrate is relieved and the warpage can be suppressed by providing the transparent conductive oxide layer in contact with the patterned metal layer.
- the transparent electrode layer includes the transparent conductive oxide layer and the patterned metal layer, and the layer thickness and the coverage of the metal layer are within a predetermined range, as shown by the comparison between the example and the comparative example. It can be seen that it is possible to provide a transparent conductive film in which both low resistance and high transparency can be achieved and warpage is suppressed.
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Abstract
Description
被覆率(%)=金属層14の面積/透明電極層11の面積
<金属層被覆率>
顕微鏡(型式名MF-B1010B ミツトヨ製)を用いて透明電極層の表面を観察し、観察像から金属層の被複率を算出した。
<シート抵抗>
透明電極層の表面のシート抵抗は、低抵抗率計ロレスタGP(MCP‐T710、三菱化学社製)を用いて四探針圧接測定により測定した。
<光線透過率>
光線透過率は、ヘーズメーター(型式名NDH7000SP 日本電色製)を用いて測定した。
<反り>
1辺が400mmの正方形にカットした透明導電フィルムを、透明電極層を上にして水平な台の上に置き、高さゲージを用いて反りの大きさを測定し、反りの絶対値が30mm以下の場合は反り「なし」、30mmを超える場合は反り「あり」とした。
各実施例・比較例において、透明導電性酸化物層の形成には、ターゲットとして酸化インジウム・錫(酸化錫含量10重量%)を用いた。第一積層構造および第二積層構造の透明導電性酸化物層、ならびに第三積層構造における金属層上の上部透明導電性酸化物層の形成においては、酸素とアルゴンとの混合ガスを装置内に導入しながら、酸素分圧2×10-4Pa、製膜室内圧力0.2Pa、基板温度0℃、および、電力4kWの条件にて、層厚2nmのITO下地層をスパッタ製膜した。下地層上に、酸素分圧を2×10-3Pa、電力を12kWに変更してITO層を製膜した。第一積層構造および第二積層構造における透明導電性酸化物層の層厚Tは、2nmの下地層とその上に製膜された層との合計値である。第三積層構造では、2nmの下地層とその上に製膜された層との合計値が上部透明導電性酸化物層の層厚Tbであり、Tbは25nmであった。
金属層の形成には、ターゲットとして銅を用いた。アルゴンガスをスパッタ装置内に導入しながら、製膜室内圧力0.2Pa、基板温度0℃、および電力12kWの条件にて、銅層をスパッタ製膜した。金属層を製膜後、エッチング液として酸化鉄水溶液を用いて、フォトリソグラフィ法によりパターニングを行った。
透明導電性酸化物層および金属層の製膜ならびに金属層のパターニングを行った後、120℃で3時間の加熱処理(アニール)を行った。加熱後の透明電極層を顕微鏡観察したところ、いずれの実施例および比較例においても、透明導電性酸化物層は完全に結晶化されていることが確認された(結晶化度100%)。
透明フィルム基材として、MDの熱収縮率がほぼ0%、TDの熱収縮率が0.2%の低熱収縮性ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルムを用いた。透明フィルム基材上に、積層構造、金属層のパターン、金属層の幅W,金属層のパターン間隔D、金属線の被覆率、透明導電層の層厚T,金属層の層厚M、および透明電極層の最大層厚Lを、表1に示す通りとして、透明電極層を形成することにより、透明導電フィルムを作製した。
比較例2では、透明フィルム基材上に層厚500nmの透明導電性酸化物層を製膜後、アニールを実施して、金属層を含まない透明導電フィルムを作製した(金属層が無いため、被覆率はゼロである)。
比較例3では、透明フィルム基材上に金属層を製膜後、金属層をメッシュ状にパターニングして、透明導電性酸化物層を含まない透明導電フィルムを作製した。
12 透明フィルム基材
13 透明導電性酸化物層
14 金属層
21,22,23 透明導電フィルム
Claims (12)
- 透明フィルム基材上に、透明導電性酸化物層とパターン状の金属層とが接するように積層された透明電極層を備える透明導電フィルムであって、
上記透明電極層の最大層厚が300nm以下であり、
前記金属層は、金属パターン幅が1μm以上8μm以下であり、金属パターンの被覆率が0.4%以上3.2%以下である、透明導電フィルム。 - 前記金属層の層厚が50nm以上250nm以下である、請求項1に記載の透明導電フィルム。
- 前記金属層のパターン形状がストライプ状であり、金属線の間隔が30μm以上2000μm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の透明導電フィルム。
- 前記金属層のパターン形状がメッシュ状であり、メッシュ開口の大きさが30μm以上2000μm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の透明導電フィルム。
- 前記金属層のパターン形状がドット状であり、ドット間距離が30μm以上2000μm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の透明導電フィルム。
- 前記透明電極層は、透明フィルム基材側から前記透明導電性酸化物層および前記金属層を順に備える、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電フィルム。
- 前記透明電極層は、透明フィルム基材側から前記金属層および前記透明導電性酸化物層を順に備える、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電フィルム。
- 前記透明電極層は、前記透明導電性酸化物層内に前記金属層が内包されている、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電フィルム。
- 前記透明導電性酸化物層は、酸化インジウムを主成分とする結晶質膜である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電フィルム。
- 前記金属層は、銅層または銅合金層である、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の透明導電フィルム。
- 請求項1~10いずれか1項に記載の透明導電フィルムを含む、表示デバイス。
- ディスプレイ、またはタッチパネルである請求項11に記載の表示デバイス。
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