WO2016162979A1 - Procédé de meulage et appareil de meulage - Google Patents

Procédé de meulage et appareil de meulage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016162979A1
WO2016162979A1 PCT/JP2015/061000 JP2015061000W WO2016162979A1 WO 2016162979 A1 WO2016162979 A1 WO 2016162979A1 JP 2015061000 W JP2015061000 W JP 2015061000W WO 2016162979 A1 WO2016162979 A1 WO 2016162979A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
grinding
shaft
grinding wheel
axis
workpiece
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2015/061000
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
毅司 井沢
朴木　継雄
Original Assignee
三菱電機株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 三菱電機株式会社 filed Critical 三菱電機株式会社
Priority to JP2017511401A priority Critical patent/JP6345341B2/ja
Priority to PCT/JP2015/061000 priority patent/WO2016162979A1/fr
Priority to CN201610132708.1A priority patent/CN106041649B/zh
Priority to CN201620181014.2U priority patent/CN205497136U/zh
Publication of WO2016162979A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016162979A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/36—Single-purpose machines or devices
    • B24B5/42—Single-purpose machines or devices for grinding crankshafts or crankpins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B11/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor
    • B24B11/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor for grinding balls
    • B24B11/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor for grinding balls involving grinding wheels
    • B24B11/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding spherical surfaces or parts of spherical surfaces on work; Accessories therefor for grinding balls involving grinding wheels acting by the front faces, e.g. of plane, grooved or bevelled shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B47/00—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor
    • B24B47/20—Drives or gearings; Equipment therefor relating to feed movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/35—Accessories

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a grinding method and a grinding apparatus used for the grinding method.
  • cam grinder and eccentric pin grinder As a kind of cylindrical grinder, there are equipment called cam grinder and eccentric pin grinder. It mainly focuses on the machining of workpieces such as camshafts, eccentric pins, hexagonal shafts, etc., by synchronizing the rotational movement of the spindle rotation axis (C axis) with the reciprocating movement of the cylindrical grinding wheel feed axis (X axis). It is possible to form an arbitrary contour shape on the outer periphery of the workpiece. It is a type of cylindrical grinder with a NC machine that controls the synchronization of two axes with high accuracy and an X-axis feed device that enables high-speed reciprocating motion. Of course, ordinary cylindrical grinding and end grinding are also possible. Is possible.
  • a motor and a plurality of rotary compression elements are housed in a sealed container, and power is transmitted from the motor to the rotary compression elements.
  • a crankshaft having an eccentric portion and a thrust surface that receives a load in a direction perpendicular to the rotating shaft of the motor is provided. These crankshafts are processed using a cylindrical grinder as described above.
  • the concave portion and the non-sliding portion of the thrust surface are discontinuous with the flat portion, but the formation of the oil film necessary as the thrust surface is interrupted. This could cause unstable crankshaft vibration and generate abnormal noise.
  • the thrust surface is a simple flat surface, the mechanical loss due to sliding friction and oil film agitation increases, and the compressor performance may decrease as the motor input increases.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a grinding method and a grinding apparatus for forming an arbitrary continuous minute curved surface shape on a thrust surface of a shaft with a cylindrical grinding machine. is there.
  • the grinding method according to the present invention includes a main shaft for holding and rotating a workpiece, a grinding wheel for grinding the workpiece, a grinding wheel shaft for holding and rotating the grinding wheel, and a central axis of the grinding wheel shaft.
  • a grinding wheel feed shaft that moves the grinding wheel in a direction perpendicular to the main shaft and the grinding wheel shaft, the respective rotation centers of the main shaft and the grinding wheel shaft are arranged in the same plane, and the grinding wheel feed shaft includes the grinding wheel feed shaft.
  • the cylindrical workpiece is used as the main shaft.
  • the end surface of the grinding wheel is brought into contact with the thrust surface of the workpiece to be crossed with the rotation axis of the main shaft, and the rotational motion of the main shaft and the reciprocating motion of the grinding wheel feed shaft are synchronized with each other.
  • Continuous micro curved surface on the thrust surface Forming a shape.
  • the continuous minute curved surface shape machining of the thrust surface of the shaft is performed by one cylindrical grinder, there is no accuracy failure due to the positioning deviation of the workpiece between processes, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
  • the thrust surface is processed by grinding, the surface roughness of the thrust surface is reduced, resulting in a continuous flat shape, so it is difficult to form the oil film required on the thrust surface, and wear and seizure occur. It is possible to provide parts that can suppress
  • FIG. 1 is a top view showing a configuration of a cylindrical grinding machine according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the plane processing method of the shaft-shaped workpiece
  • FIG. 4 It is a figure which shows an example of the planar shape in the case of carrying out the cylindrical grinding process or the angular grinding process of the conventional thrust surface. It is a figure which shows an example of the planar shape in the case of carrying out the cylindrical grinding process or the angular grinding process of the conventional thrust surface. It is a figure which shows the movement locus
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the movement of the grindstone in the processing process cycle of the thrust surface which concerns on Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows an example of the shape of the thrust surface by the process shown in FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a shape of a thrust surface according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a shape of a thrust surface according to Embodiment 1.
  • FIG. It is the figure which compared the processing mark and rotation locus
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the manufacturing process of the cylindrical grinding machine which concerns on Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. It is a figure which shows the plane processing method of the shaft-shaped workpiece
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a compression chamber mechanism of a rotary compressor according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a shape of a thrust surface of a crankshaft according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a shape of a thrust surface of a crankshaft according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view showing a configuration of a cylindrical grinding machine 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the cylindrical grinding machine 100 corresponds to the “grinding device” of the present invention. Based on FIG. 1, the structure of the cylindrical grinding machine 100 which concerns on this Embodiment is demonstrated.
  • the bed 1 serving as a base of the cylindrical grinding machine 100 has an X-axis table 2 and a grinding wheel feeding device 4 for guiding the grinding wheel feed (X axis), and a Z axis for guiding the feed of the spindle 8 (Z axis).
  • a table 3 and a Z-axis feeder 5 are arranged.
  • the X-axis table 2 and the Z-axis table 3 that move on the guide surface on the bed 1 are provided with a servo motor and ball screw combination device or a linear motor device as a feed drive mechanism.
  • a grindstone shaft 6 and a grindstone drive motor 7 are mounted on the X-axis table 2.
  • a rotating shaft (C-axis) of the main shaft 8 is disposed, and a chuck 9 for holding a work (object to be ground) is attached.
  • the center hole is supported by the tailstock 10 so that the workpiece holding rigidity can be increased and the positioning accuracy when the workpiece is attached can be improved.
  • the rotating shaft 6 a of the grindstone shaft 6 is disposed in the same plane as the rotating shaft 9 a of the main shaft 8.
  • a crankshaft 20 incorporated in a rotary compressor 50 described later as a workpiece is shown.
  • the crankshaft 20 is formed between a cylindrical long shaft portion 20a and a short shaft portion 20b that are concentric with each other, and between the long shaft portion 20a and the short shaft portion 20b, with respect to the centers of the long shaft portion 20a and the short shaft portion 20b.
  • a columnar eccentric portion 13 having a center 13a that is displaced.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a method of flattening a shaft-shaped workpiece with a cylindrical grinding wheel 11 using a conventional cylindrical grinding machine.
  • the assembly adjustment is performed so that the angle formed by the X axis and the C axis is as accurate as possible.
  • FIG. 2 there is a method in which the work piece is held and rotated by the chuck 9 of the main spindle 8 and the end face portion of the cylindrical grinding wheel is brought into contact.
  • the allowable value of “the squareness between the X-axis movement of the wheel head saddle and the Z-axis movement of the table saddle” is “0.02 mm for a length of 300 mm”. (An angle is 0.004 °).
  • the allowable value of “parallelism between the rotation center line of the work spindle and the Z-axis motion of the table” is defined as “0.012 mm for a length of 300 mm” (0.002 ° in angle). Therefore, the angle formed by the X axis and the C axis is 90 ⁇ 0.006 ° by adding both together.
  • FIG. 3 is a view showing a conventional cam grinding machine 200.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a synchronous control machining method for the C-axis and the X-axis of the conventional cam grinding machine 200.
  • the assembly adjustment is performed so that the angle formed by the X axis and the grindstone rotation axis is as accurate as possible.
  • the “X-axis motion of the wheel head saddle and the Z-axis motion of the table saddle The allowable value of “perpendicular angle” is defined as “0.02 mm for a length of 300 mm” (0.004 ° in angle). Further, the allowable value of “parallelism between the grinding wheel axis center line and the Z-axis direction movement of the table” is defined as “0.03 mm for a length of 300 mm” (0.006 ° in angle). Therefore, the angle formed by the X axis and the C axis is 90 ⁇ 0.010 ° by adding both together.
  • the angle formed by the X axis and the C axis is more than 90 ° and less than 100 ° (more than 0 ° and less than 10 ° when viewed from the right angle).
  • the X axis table 2 is assembled by shaking the arrangement angle of the X axis table 2 to rotate clockwise, or the C axis is counterclockwise. Shake and assemble to rotate.
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged view showing a contact portion between the grindstone 11 and the thrust surface 12 in the cylindrical grinder 100 of FIG. Based on FIG. 5, the contact part of the grindstone 11 and the thrust surface 12 is demonstrated.
  • a process of finally stopping the feed of the grindstone 11 called spark out is performed for a certain period of time.
  • the shape of the surface 12 is determined.
  • the end face of the grindstone 11 that is in contact with the thrust surface 12 is shaped by a dresser according to the required shape of the thrust surface 12. In general, a flat surface is formed on the thrust surface 12.
  • the grindstone 11 has a shape having two conical surfaces on the outer peripheral surface, and the grindstone 11 and the thrust surface 12 of the workpiece are in line contact. At this time, the contact portion (straight line) between the grindstone 11 and the thrust surface 12 of the workpiece is perpendicular to the rotation axis 9 a of the main shaft 8.
  • the thrust surface 12 may be processed into a middle convex shape, a middle concave shape, a circumferential groove shape, or the like.
  • FIG. 6 is a simple plane as shown in FIG. 6A, the contact portion between the grindstone 11 and the thrust surface 12 is rotated by the main shaft 8 as shown in FIG. 6B.
  • the grindstone 11 is shaped so as to be perpendicular to the shaft 9a.
  • FIG. 6 in the case of the center convex as shown in FIG. 6 (c) or the center concave as shown in FIG. 6 (e), it is shown in FIG. 6 (d) or FIG.
  • the contact portion between the grindstone 11 and the thrust surface 12 is shaped to the required inclination of the rotation shaft 9a of the main shaft 8.
  • the grindstone 11 in order to make a circumferential groove shape on the thrust surface 12 as shown in FIG. 7A, the grindstone 11 is provided with a convex shape as shown in FIG. 7B.
  • a special chuck is used as shown in FIGS. 8B and 8C.
  • the central axis and the rotation axis 9a of the main shaft 8 are configured to have a required inclination angle.
  • a shaft-like workpiece (crankshaft 20 in FIG. 1) is held by the chuck 9 in FIG. 1, and the center hole is supported by the tailstock 10.
  • the C axis is rotated to give the workpiece a rotational motion.
  • the grindstone drive motor 7 is rotated to give a predetermined rotation speed suitable for grinding the grindstone 11.
  • the grindstone 11 is approached from a position away from the thrust surface 12 by the grinding grindstone feeding device 4, and performs a grinding process to remove the machining allowance with a predetermined feed speed.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a movement locus of the feed movement of the grindstone 11 in the present embodiment. Since the cylindrical grinding machine 100 of the present embodiment is configured to have an angle formed by the X axis and the C axis of more than 90 ° and not more than 100 °, the X axis position XA and XB as shown in FIG. An operation of periodically reciprocating the points is given to the X-axis table 2 to move the grindstone 11.
  • the reciprocating cycle of the X axis is controlled with high accuracy by the NC unit so as to be synchronized with the rotation of the C axis.
  • the angle formed by the C axis and the X axis is more than 90 ° and not more than 100 °, but is set to 95 °, for example, in the present embodiment.
  • the C axis and the Z axis are set in parallel.
  • the X-axis motion trajectory is expressed by two components of Z1 and X1.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the movement of the grindstone 11 in the processing step cycle of the thrust surface 12 according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the shape of the thrust surface 12 by the process shown in FIG.
  • the end surface of the grindstone 11 extends in the Z-axis direction. Periodic round trips will occur.
  • FIG. 10 when the X-axis is reciprocated four times for one rotation of the C-axis, a continuous minute curved surface shape having four convex portions and four concave portions is obtained as shown in FIG. It will be.
  • the shape of the curved surface formed in the process shown in FIG. 10 can be freely formed by synchronous control of the C axis and the X axis by an NC device programmed by the required contour shape data.
  • plane and plane do not mean a theoretically complete plane.
  • a shape with a certain inclination, unevenness, and undulation is treated as a “surface” and “plane”.
  • the actual “plane” of the workpiece always has a certain inclination, unevenness and undulation, and if this is a large value, it is clearly not “planar” but “slope”, “conical surface” or “irregularity”. "Surface”. However, if these are minute values, they are usually treated as “plane” in visual discrimination. The minute value refers to a case where the flatness is 0.5 mm or less, for example.
  • the term “small” in the form of a continuous minute curved surface similarly refers to the case where the flatness is 0.5 mm or less. However, as described later, according to the present invention, the continuousness of about 20 ⁇ m in flatness. A minute curved surface shape can be processed.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of the shape of the thrust surface 12 according to the present embodiment.
  • the continuous minute curved surface shape can be formed in a form superimposed on the conventional simple plane, middle convex plane, middle concave plane, circumferential groove shape, slope plane, etc., but is easy to understand in FIG. Thus, the conventional shape is not superimposed.
  • the amount of movement in the Z-axis direction is extremely small relative to the amount of movement of the grindstone 11 in the X-axis. Therefore, it means that the displacement amount of the feed of the X axis is converted into a further minute displacement amount of the Z axis.
  • the conversion rate is 8.5 / 100.
  • the minimum movement amount is 0.001 mm as the performance of the X-axis feeding device
  • a very small minimum Z-direction movement amount of 0.000085 mm can be obtained as the Z-axis movement amount.
  • the grinding process of the continuous minute curved surface shape of the thrust surface 12 can be performed accurately and accurately.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram comparing a processing locus and a rotation locus of the grindstone 11 in the conventional cylindrical grinder and the cylindrical grinder 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the angle formed by the C axis and the X axis is a right angle, so that the end surface of the grindstone 11 and the thrust surface 12 are in surface contact. Grinding marks that are traces of trajectories drawn by countless abrasive grains of the grindstone 11 have a twill pattern.
  • the angle formed by the C axis and the X axis is more than 90 ° and not more than 100 °, so that the end surface of the grindstone 11 and the thrust surface 12 are in a line contact state.
  • the grinding eyes have a concentric pattern. That is, when attention is paid to one point on the end face of the grindstone 11, in normal cylindrical grinding, it passes while drawing an arc on the thrust plane, whereas in this embodiment, it gradually approaches from a position away from the thrust plane, It draws a trajectory that touches the thrust plane at the lowest point and then gradually leaves.
  • the curved surface When replaced by the expression of the height difference between the convex portion and the concave portion of the curved surface of the thrust surface 12 (dimensional difference in the axial direction of the main shaft 8 of the cylindrical grinding machine 100), the curved surface has a minute height difference of 0.5 mm or less.
  • a continuous minute shape in the rotation direction of the C axis is superimposed on the conventional simple plane, middle convex plane, middle concave plane, circumferential groove shape, slope plane, and the like.
  • a curved surface shape can be formed.
  • the machining time is not extended at all in forming a continuous minute curved surface shape in the rotation direction of the C axis.
  • FIG. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a processing step of the cylindrical grinding machine 100 according to the present embodiment.
  • the cylindrical grinding machine 100 is formed between a cylindrical long shaft portion 20a and a short shaft portion 20b that are concentric with each other, and the long shaft portion 20a and the short shaft portion 20b.
  • a crankshaft having a cylindrical eccentric portion 13 having a center displaced from the center of the short shaft portion 20b is processed.
  • the short shaft portion 20b is not displayed.
  • the cylindrical grinding machine 100 performs grinding of the outer diameter of the eccentric portion 13, continuous minute curved surface processing of the thrust surface 12, and cylindrical traverse grinding processing of the long shaft portion by simultaneous processing.
  • “simultaneous machining” means “a workpiece is held by the same chuck jig of the same machining equipment, and the eccentric part outer diameter, the thrust surface 12 and the long shaft part 20 a are continuously formed by the same grindstone 11. It is to process.
  • the angle formed by the X axis and the C axis of the cylindrical grinding machine 100 is configured to be more than 90 ° and less than 100 ° (more than 0 ° and less than 10 ° in terms of an angle from a right angle).
  • the grindstone 11 is shaped with a dresser prior to processing.
  • the grindstone 11 has two conical surfaces centered on the rotation shaft 6a on the outer peripheral portion, one conical surface grinds the thrust surface 12 of the crankshaft 20 of the object to be ground, and the other conical surface is the crankshaft.
  • the outer peripheral part of 20 eccentric parts 13, the long axis part 20a, and the short axis part 20b is ground.
  • the conical surfaces for grinding the eccentric portion 13, the long shaft portion 20a and the short shaft portion 20b are the outer peripheral portions of the eccentric portion 13, the long shaft portion 20a and the short shaft portion 20b.
  • the grindstone 11 is shaped so that the generatrix of the conical surface is parallel to the rotation axis 9a so that the required cylindrical shape can be obtained.
  • the conical surface for grinding the thrust surface 12 of the grindstone 11 is shaped so as to obtain a required continuous minute curved surface shape.
  • the grindstone 11 is shaped so that the generatrix of the conical surface for grinding the thrust surface 12 of the grindstone 11 is perpendicular to the rotation axis 9a.
  • the grindstone 11 is rotated at a high speed, and the grindstone 11 is moved to the outer diameter of the eccentric pin of the work rotated by giving the chuck 9 a rotational movement, and the eccentric portion 13 is ground by synchronous control of the C axis and the X axis. Processing.
  • the grindstone 11 is moved to the thrust surface 12 of the workpiece, and continuous minute curved surface processing is performed by synchronous control of the C axis and the X axis.
  • the grindstone 11 is moved to the long shaft portion 20a to perform cylindrical grinding.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a method of flattening a shaft-shaped workpiece with the angular grinding wheel 11 using a conventional cylindrical grinder.
  • FIG. 16 is a view showing a conventional cylindrical head type cylindrical grinding machine 300.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a conventional angular slide type angular grinder 400.
  • a workpiece such as the crankshaft 20
  • the thrust surface 12 is machined with the grinding wheel shaft 6 and the main shaft 8 of the angular grinding wheel 11 as shown in FIG.
  • the angle formed between the angular grinding wheel 11 and the angular grinding wheel 11 is brought into contact with the spindle 8 by holding and rotating the workpiece. In this case, as shown in FIG.
  • an angular grinder 400 configured to rotate the angle of the feeding device 4 (X axis) is used.
  • FIG. 18 is an explanatory view of a change in the perfect circle shape when the eccentric portion is processed by the angular grinding wheel in the conventional technique and the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram in which the angular grinding wheel 11 is brought into contact with the eccentric pin of the workpiece.
  • the machining is performed by performing synchronous control of the C axis and the X axis.
  • a contact point on the left side of the grindstone 11 is a contact point GA
  • a contact point on the right side is a contact point GB.
  • the arc R dimension of the outer periphery of the grindstone 11 is different between the contact point GA and the contact point GB, the arc R dimension is large at the contact point GA, and the arc R dimension is small at the contact point GB.
  • the positions of the contact point GA and the contact point GB coincide with each other. This means that the distance between the contact point GA and the contact point GB of the grindstone 11 from the center of the eccentric part of the crankshaft is the same.
  • the contact point GA is a state where the arc of the grindstone 11 swells by a large amount with respect to the contact point GB and bites into the eccentric portion 13 of the crankshaft 20. This means that the distances from the center of the eccentric portion 13 of the crankshaft 20 to the contact point GA and the contact point GB are not the same.
  • the conventional angular grinding cannot perform the grinding of the eccentric portion 13 by performing the synchronous control of the C axis and the X axis.
  • the angle formed by the X-axis and the C-axis of the cylindrical grinding machine 100 is configured to be more than 90 ° and less than 100 ° (the angle from the right angle is more than 0 ° and less than 10 °). Therefore, since the inclination of the grindstone 11 shown in FIG. 18 is very small, the difference in the arc R dimension of the grindstone 11 is very small, and the state shown in FIG. 18B is obtained as compared with normal angular grinding.
  • the first step is grinding the eccentric portion 13 of the crankshaft 20 that is likely to cause machining distortion due to the influence of residual stress. Therefore, grinding without deterioration in accuracy is performed in the second and third steps. Can do.
  • the simultaneous processing is the main purpose, the process order may be different. Moreover, it is not restricted to said 3 process depending on the shape of a workpiece
  • the workpiece is held by the same chuck jig of the same processing equipment, and the eccentric portion 13, the thrust surface 12, and the long shaft portion 20 a are continuously processed by the same grindstone 11. Because there is no misalignment or misalignment of the workpiece during chucking that occurs when performing two steps with this equipment, the coaxiality, parallelism, squareness, and eccentricity of each axis can be processed extremely precisely. .
  • FIG. 19 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a configuration of a refrigerating and air-conditioning rotary compressor 50 in which the crankshaft 20 according to the present embodiment is used.
  • FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view showing the mechanism of the compression chamber of the rotary compressor 50 according to the present embodiment.
  • the rotary compressor 50 which is a main part of a refrigeration cycle apparatus used in a refrigerator, a freezer, a vending machine, an air conditioner, a refrigeration apparatus, a water heater, etc., will be described.
  • the rotary compressor 50 sucks a fluid (for example, a refrigerant circulating in the refrigeration cycle), compresses the fluid, and discharges it as a high-temperature and high-pressure state.
  • a compression mechanism portion 15 and a motor portion 16 that drives the compression mechanism portion 15 are housed in a sealed container 14, and refrigerating machine oil 17 is stored at the bottom of the sealed container 14.
  • the motor unit 16 includes a stator 18 and a rotor 19, and a crankshaft 20 is fitted into the rotor 19.
  • An eccentric portion 13 that is eccentric is formed on the crankshaft 20, and a thrust surface 12 that supports an axial load is formed on the lower end surface of the eccentric portion 13.
  • the compression mechanism 15 rotates to a cylinder 21 having a cylindrical inner diameter portion serving as a compression chamber, an upper bearing 22 and a lower bearing 23 that are disposed at both ends of the cylinder 21 and also serve as a compression chamber side wall, and an upper bearing 22 and a lower bearing 23.
  • the crankshaft 20 is freely inserted, a rolling piston 24 is fitted into the eccentric portion 13 of the crankshaft, and a vane 25 that partitions the inside of the cylinder into a compression chamber and a suction chamber.
  • the vane 25 is slidably inserted in the vane groove of the cylinder 21.
  • the vane 25 is always pressed against the rolling piston 24 by a vane spring 26 formed of a coil spring.
  • the refrigerant gas is sucked into the compression chamber from the suction pipe 29, the volume of the space (compression chamber) partitioned by the rolling piston 24, the cylinder 21, and the vane 25 is gradually reduced, and the refrigerant gas is compressed. It has come to be.
  • the compressed high-pressure refrigerant gas is discharged into the sealed container 14 and discharged from the discharge pipe 30 to the outside of the sealed container 14.
  • the refrigerator oil 17 is stored in the sealed container 14.
  • the refrigerating machine oil 17 prevents the sliding parts of the rotary compressor 50 from being worn and seized, reduces the friction so that the moving parts operate smoothly, and prevents the refrigerant gas from leaking from the gap in the compression chamber. It plays an important role.
  • the refrigerating machine oil 17 stored at the bottom of the sealed container 14 is sucked up from an oil supply pump hole provided in the crankshaft 20, and is supplied from the oil supply lateral hole to the outer periphery of each axis of the crankshaft 20 and the thrust surface 12 by centrifugal force.
  • a circumferential or vertical oil groove is formed at a location serving as an outlet of the oil supply lateral hole so as to be a reservoir for the supplied oil.
  • crankshaft 20 In addition to the function of transmitting the power of the motor unit 16 to the compression mechanism unit 15, the crankshaft 20 has a function of performing lubrication with each sliding unit as a bearing, so that the compression mechanism unit 15 can be smoothly rotated and have a long life. It is an important component.
  • the long shaft portion 20a is fitted and fixed to the rotor 19, and bears transmission of motor power.
  • the long shaft portion 20a and the short shaft portion 20b are rotatably inserted into the upper bearing 22 and the lower bearing 23, respectively, to form a bearing.
  • the eccentric portion 13 has a cylindrical shape that is eccentric from the long shaft portion 20 a by a required eccentric amount, and is an element of the compression mechanism portion 15.
  • the lower end surface of the eccentric portion 13 is in contact with the end surface of the lower bearing 23 and is referred to as a thrust surface 12.
  • the function of the bearing is divided into two elements according to the direction of the load: a journal bearing that supports a radial load and a thrust bearing that supports an axial load.
  • the axial load acting on the crankshaft 20 includes firstly due to the weight of the crankshaft 20 and the rotor 19 combined, and secondly due to the magnetic propulsive force of the motor unit 16, both of which are downwards. Become. With this load, the thrust surface 12 of the crankshaft 20 is pressed against the end surface of the lower bearing 23.
  • the thrust bearing is composed of the thrust surface 12 of the crankshaft 20 and the end surface of the lower bearing 23, and has the function of generating the wear reduction effect and the sliding friction reduction effect by the oil film by interposing the aforementioned refrigerating machine oil 17. Have.
  • [Thrust surface shape] 21 and 22 are views showing the shape of the thrust surface 12 of the crankshaft 20 of the present embodiment.
  • the thrust surface 12 of the crankshaft 20 is illustrated so as to face upward, and the phase angle of the eccentric portion 13 is illustrated by simulating a clock face.
  • the eccentric direction is 6 o'clock and the anti-eccentric direction is 12 o'clock.
  • an example of the “height” dimension of each point is illustrated.
  • FIG. 21 (b) shows only the eccentric portion 13 of the crankshaft 20 shown in FIG. 21 (a).
  • the crankshaft 20 of FIG. 21 has a shape in which the 6 o'clock direction of the thrust surface 12 is convex, and becomes concave as it goes in the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock directions.
  • 6 o'clock is +20 ⁇ m.
  • a height difference of +10 ⁇ m is provided.
  • FIG. 22 (b) shows only the eccentric portion 13 of the crankshaft 20 shown in FIG. 22 (a).
  • the thrust surface 12 has a convex shape at the 6 o'clock direction and a concave shape as it goes to the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock directions. It is a shape that becomes concave as you go. Assuming that the height on the outer peripheral side in the 12 o'clock direction is 0, a difference in height of +20 ⁇ m at 6 o'clock and +10 ⁇ m at 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock is provided. In addition, the inner peripheral side has a height difference of ⁇ 10 ⁇ m compared to the outer peripheral side.
  • the gap between the inclined surface of the thrust surface 12 and the end surface of the lower bearing 23 forms a wedge-shaped space.
  • the lubricating oil is guided to the wedge-shaped space as the thrust surface 12 rotates.
  • an increase in the oil film pressure called a wedge effect in the sliding bearing is caused, and the thrust surface 12 of the crankshaft 20 acts to float. For this reason, since both components rotate by being supported by the oil film, smooth operation can be performed without any contact.
  • 21 and 22 show an example of the height dimension of each point, but this dimension may differ depending on the size of the crankshaft 20 and the size of the load.
  • the highest point may not be 6 o'clock, and the heights at 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock may not be the same. It is only necessary that 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock are concave compared to 6 o'clock.
  • a scroll, reciprocating, or screw compressor having another structure may be used. All compressors have a crankshaft or shaft and are provided with a thrust surface 12 that supports axial loads. According to the present embodiment, even when the shapes of the crankshaft 20 and the thrust surface 12 are different, it is possible to apply the oil film wedge effect due to the continuous minute curved surface shape.
  • the thrust surface 12 of the present embodiment is a smooth and gentle continuous curved surface because it has been processed by the cylindrical grinding machine 100 of the first or second embodiment. From the viewpoint of forming an oil film, the thrust surface 12 should not have a step, a corner or a steep slope. This is because these discontinuous planes cause negative pressure due to fluctuations in the oil film pressure and reduce the load capacity of the thrust bearing.
  • the thrust surface 12 of the present embodiment is processed by the cylindrical grinding machine 100 of the first or second embodiment, it has a fine and high-quality surface property with a small surface roughness. From the viewpoint of forming an oil film, the thrust surface 12 must not be finished by machining with a cutting tool such as turning or end milling. This is because the increase in surface roughness and tool marks cause oil film breakage and contact between parts, thereby reducing the load capacity of the thrust bearing.
  • the thrust surface 12 of the present embodiment is processed by the cylindrical grinding machine 100 of the first or second embodiment, the thrust surface 12 has a shape that becomes convex as the 6 o'clock direction is convex and goes toward the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock directions. It has become. For this reason, since the load capacity of the thrust bearing is increased, the degree of freedom in design is expanded, and the thrust bearing area can be reduced and the lubricating oil viscosity can be reduced. These can reduce the sliding loss of the bearing and can improve the efficiency of the rotary compressor 50, and consequently the efficiency of the refrigeration air-conditioning equipment.
  • the thrust surface 12 of the present embodiment is processed by the cylindrical grinding machine 100 of the first or second embodiment, so that the 6 o'clock direction of the thrust surface 12 is convex and concave as it goes to the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock directions. It becomes the shape which becomes. For this reason, since the load capacity of the thrust bearing is increased, a highly reliable rotary compressor 50 free from failures such as wear and seizure can be realized.
  • the thrust surface 12 of the present embodiment is processed by the cylindrical grinding machine 100 of the first or second embodiment, the thrust surface 12 has a shape that becomes convex as the 6 o'clock direction becomes convex and goes toward the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock directions. It has become. For this reason, since the load capacity of the thrust bearing increases, a highly reliable compressor that does not generate abnormal noise due to unstable vibration of the crankshaft 20 can be realized.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de meulage et un appareil de meulage pour former une surface incurvée de façon microscopique continue choisie sur la surface de poussée d'un arbre à l'aide d'un dispositif de meulage cylindrique. Dans un dispositif de meulage cylindrique comportant un arbre principal pour maintenir et faire tourner une pièce à travailler cylindrique, comportant une meule cylindrique pour meuler la pièce à travailler et un arbre d'avance de meule cylindrique qui déplace la meule cylindrique de façon parallèle, l'arbre d'avance de meule cylindrique est disposé de telle sorte que l'angle d'intersection avec l'axe de rotation de l'arbre principal est supérieur à 90° à 100° ou moins. Ce procédé de meulage comprend une étape pour synchroniser le mouvement de rotation de l'arbre principal avec le mouvement de va-et-vient de la meule cylindrique pour former une surface incurvée de façon microscopique continue choisie sur la surface de poussée.
PCT/JP2015/061000 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 Procédé de meulage et appareil de meulage WO2016162979A1 (fr)

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JP2017511401A JP6345341B2 (ja) 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 研削加工方法及び研削装置
PCT/JP2015/061000 WO2016162979A1 (fr) 2015-04-08 2015-04-08 Procédé de meulage et appareil de meulage
CN201610132708.1A CN106041649B (zh) 2015-04-08 2016-03-09 磨削加工方法以及磨削装置
CN201620181014.2U CN205497136U (zh) 2015-04-08 2016-03-09 磨削装置

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CN106041649A (zh) 2016-10-26

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